CN1356493A - 承压蒸汽锅炉的上锅筒 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种承压蒸汽锅炉的上锅筒,包括锅筒、烟管、烟箱等。在锅筒内上部蒸汽空间设有烟管,高温烟气通过烟管排出,形成与蒸汽热交换。其烟管前后端均穿入该筒前壁和后壁连接,在锅筒前后壁设有烟箱,当烟管是第三回程烟道时,筒前壁烟箱是烟气三回程进口通道,到后端烟箱排出,当烟管是第二回程烟道时,烟管后端是进口,筒前壁是烟气出口通道,进入水冷壁管外和对流管内的一侧或两侧后端设烟气出口排出。本发明不仅把25公斤压力的蒸汽温度在小于1公斤下实现,而且产汽速度数倍提高,耗钢量数倍下降,管板裂纹和安全隐患,基本消除和大大减小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种工业锅炉和民用锅炉，即蒸汽锅炉。
背景技术
目前蒸汽锅炉的蒸汽温度是靠提高压力实现的，如需200多度的蒸汽温度，就得用25公斤的压力才能实现，而且产汽速度特别慢，耗钢量特别大，管板裂纹和爆管现象时常发生，一旦发生爆炸威力不堪设想。
发明内容及原理特点：
本发明不仅把25公斤压力的蒸汽温度，在小于1公斤下实现，而且产汽速度数倍提高，耗钢量数倍降低，管板裂纹和安全隐患基本消除或大大减小。
本发明根据所需要的蒸汽温度，设计不同的排烟温度和不同的烟道回程走向，与烟管前的对流受垫面积，根据不同的烟气出口温度设计不同的省煤器。
随着炉温升高，当产生饱和蒸汽时，饱和蒸汽上升到蒸汽空间与高温烟气通过的烟管外壁热传递，实现热交换，经过热交换的蒸汽气进入蒸汽进口，通过蒸气多回程管道再热交换至蒸汽出口形成高温蒸气。
因为在自然大气压下就能形成饱和蒸汽，只是在常压饱和蒸汽下的热交换形成的高温蒸气，可见锅炉压力在小于1公斤以下是完全足够了。
因为当产生常压饱和蒸汽时即能产生高温蒸汽，同压力升到25公斤所需要的蒸汽密度的时间能相差多少，可从实验中得出，但本发明的升汽速度比前蒸汽锅炉升汽速度要快的多是可以肯定的。
以锅筒直径1米为例，当工作压力为1公斤时，需要的钢板厚度5-6毫米，当工作压力为25公斤时，需要的钢板厚度＞20毫米可见降低耗钢量数倍是无疑的。
分析前蒸汽锅炉的管板裂纹，因烟管在水中，热差和特性再加承受的压力问题，从焊接实践中证实，低温下(＜5c°)焊接，焊口容易崩裂，因筒内饱和蒸汽在100c°以上对焊口没有危害，再加压力仅1公斤以下，所以管板裂纹难题基本可以消除或大大减小。
安全隐患一锅炉在1公斤以下运行本身就安全的多，即使发生意外爆炸，1公斤的威力和25公斤的威力差别之大是很清楚的。
本发明结构简单，除加一个蒸汽回程管道外，只是烟管对流受热面的布置位置根本变化，前蒸汽锅炉的烟管在锅筒下部，本发明的蒸汽锅炉烟管在锅筒的上部，烟路不变或略有变化，却发生了质的变化。
结合实例附图详尽说明
附图说明
图1：本发明主视图
图2：本发明左视剖面图
编号说明
1、水冷壁管 7、对流管 14、蒸汽回程管道
2、对流管 8、水冷壁管 15、烟器交换器
3、筒周壁 9、排烟口 16、筒前壁
4、蒸汽进口 10后烟箱外壳 17、烟气转向通道
5、烟管 11、汇烟箱 18、前烟箱壳
6、蒸汽出口 12、筒后壁 19蒸汽空间
具体实施方式
本发明其结构如图1所示：一种承压蒸汽锅炉的上锅筒，包括：水冷壁管1、8对流管2、7与周壁3下侧连接的水位界上部蒸汽空间19、装有烟管5与筒前壁16和筒后壁12穿入连接，蒸汽回程管道14按装在多根烟管5的中间或偏上偏下，即构成烟汽交换器15。烟器交换器15的前端即筒前壁离一段距离为前烟箱壳18与筒周壁3前端连接，构成烟气转向通道，烟器交换器15的后端即筒后壁12离—段距离为后烟箱壳10，构成汇烟室11，排烟9连接后烟箱外壳10。
其水汽路，水通过炉膛射受热面的水冷壁管1、8和烟气对流面的对流管2、7逐渐加热，随着温度的升高，热水不断上升，升到一定温度水沸腾产生蒸汽，饱和蒸汽升上蒸汽空间19与高温烟5热交换后进入蒸汽进口4，通过蒸汽回程管道14再热交换形成高温蒸汽，通过蒸汽出口6送往设备。
其烟路当烟汽交换器的烟道是第三回程时，烟气从水冷壁管1、8外侧和对流管2、7的内侧后端向前进入烟气转向通道17，通过烟管5至排烟口9排出。
当烟汽交换器15的烟道是第二回程时，烟管5后端是进口，汇烟室11改成前烟器转向通道，前烟气转向通道改成向两侧。
下经一侧或西侧的水冷壁管1、8外侧和对流管2、7内侧至后端设烟气出口排出。
Claims (5)
1、一种承压蒸汽锅炉的上锅筒，包括：筒周壁3，筒前壁16，筒后壁12，其特征在于：筒周壁3内靠中上方蒸汽空间内19纵向布置多根烟管5，其烟管5前后端均穿入筒前壁16、筒后壁12，在烟管中间或偏中设有蒸汽回程管道14，蒸汽进口4和蒸汽出口6，烟管5互相间隔的距离即蒸汽空间19，依次构成烟汽交换器15。
2、如权利要求1所述的承压蒸汽锅炉的上锅筒，其特征在于：烟汽交换器15的筒前壁16与前烟箱壳18连接，烟气转向通道的两面侧或一侧下部与对流管27，水冷壁管18之间分别相通。后烟箱壳10与筒周壁3后端连接，后烟箱壳10后端与排烟口9相通。
3、如权利要求1所述的承压蒸汽锅炉的上锅筒，其特征在于：当烟气交换器15的烟道是第二回程烟道时，烟管5后端是进口，汇烟室11改成前烟气转向通道，前烟气转向通道改成向下经一侧或两侧的水冷壁管1、8外侧和对流管2、7内至后端设烟气出口排出。
4、如权利要求1所述的承压蒸汽锅炉的上锅筒，其特征在于：其水冷壁管1、8和对流管2、7与筒周壁下侧连通，或对流管2、7分别组成集箱管组通过连通管与筒周壁3或前后壁16、12连通。
5、如权利要求1所述的蒸汽锅炉的上锅筒，其筒周壁3，前后壁16、12。烟管5，蒸汽回程管道14，蒸汽空间19组成的烟汽交换器15、广泛用于承压或非承压的燃油、燃气烧煤、电热等蒸汽锅炉。
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| CN100392318C (zh) * | 2005-05-20 | 2008-06-04 | 应连根 | 高效节能锅炉 |
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2001
- 2001-12-30 CN CN 01144896 patent/CN1356493A/zh active Pending
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