CN1228786A - 海蕴热水提取物及其应用 - Google Patents
海蕴热水提取物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/02—Algae
- A61K36/03—Phaeophycota or phaeophyta (brown algae), e.g. Fucus
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Abstract
分子量不低于30,000的海蕴热水提取物在消化道中吸收钠离子并促进排泄,且由此,含有相同成分的食物和药品可用于预防和治疗由过量摄入食盐而引起的疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及狭果藻科海藻热水提取物及其用途。更具体的,本发明涉及在胃肠道中吸收过量摄入的钠离子以促进排泄由此进入粪便的作用极好的狭果藻科海藻热水提取物;以及由此在食物和药品上的应用。
发明公开
按照健康和福利省公布的国家营养调查结果,日本人自1975年每天摄入食盐不低于11.5g,并且特别在1993年,日摄入食盐量为12.8g。由于日摄入食盐量与高血压发病有关系,健康和福利部建议减少日摄入食盐量到10g或更少以防止高血压及其它,中风等的发病。在美国,日摄入食盐量已有类似限制并且美国联合委员会推荐建议高血压病人日摄入食盐量必须控制在6g或更少。
据说食盐的摄入量与胃癌致死率也有关联。按照进一步得到的数据,在食盐摄入量高的地区,例如,富山市或广崎市,胃癌致死率高;另一方面,在食盐摄入量小的地区,例如,别府市或冲绳市,胃癌致死率低。
据报道食物纤维如藻酸盐有某种程度钠吸收能力(日本家庭经济杂志,39卷,第3期,第187-195页(1988)),但它的吸收能力仍不足。
过量食盐摄入如此对人身体有不良影响。因此,强烈需要开发新技术以向体外排泄过量摄入的食盐。
于是,本发明的主题就是提供向体外主动安全地排泄过量摄入的食盐的成分,并且提供含有该成分的食物和药品。
发明公开
本发明人在食物材料的广扩范围中进行各种调查以发现有上述作用的成分。结果,发现狭果藻科海藻热水提取物有极好的钠离子吸收能力和排泄促进能力,并且可将其用于做食物或药品。从而完成了本发明。
即是,本发明提供分子量不低于30,000的狭果藻科海藻热水提取物;和包含热水提取物的食物;钠离子吸附剂,排泄促进剂和防止和治疗由过度食盐摄入诱导的疾病的药剂,每种均含有有效成分的热水提取物。
实现本发明的最佳方式
本发明用的狭果藻科海藻是一种海藻且可作食物食用。狭果藻科海藻提取物已知有血脂降低作用(长原学园西九州大学,佐贺短期大学纪要,第25期,第171-173页(1995)),但狭果藻科海藻热水提取物的有效成分和结果提取物对钠离子的作用是不知道的。
用在本发明中狭果藻科海藻的例子包括面条藻(Tinocladiacrassa)、海蕴(Nemacystus decipieus)、Cladosiphon okamura nus。从狭果藻科海藻获得提取物,例如,用60至100℃热水,优选80到90℃,30分钟到3小时,更优选约1小时提取,然后用透析移走低分子量物质。产生的热水提取物可以就这样用或如果需要,经过乙醇沉淀、离子交换树脂层析,或凝胶滤过层析而纯化。
产生的热水提取物优选的生理特征如下:
(1)平均分子量:50,000到500,000
(2)中性糖含量:50%到90%
(3)硫含量:3%到17%
由于热水提取物的主要成分是糖链,认为在这里含有岩藻聚糖。然而,在下面的测试例中显示,本发明的热水提取物比纯化甚至约100%的岩藻聚糖有更显著地极好的钠离子吸收能力。从而,有岩藻聚糖之外的物质包括在本发明的热水提取物中,并且,这种物质增强钠离子的吸收能力。
本发明的热水提取物有钠离子吸收能力。特别地,当口服时,他有在胃肠道中吸收钠离子而促进其排泄的作用。于是,它用作药品或食物以防止和治疗各种由过量摄入食盐而引起的疾病,例如,高血压,胃癌和中风。
含有本发明的热水提取物的食物或药品能用传统方法将上述步骤获得的狭果藻科海藻的热水提取物加工制备成各种形式。形式的实例包括固体,液体、乳化和胶状形式。
作为药品形式实例包括片剂、粉末、颗粒体、微粒和液体。这些制剂可以通过和在传统方法中药用载体一起处理本发明的热水提取物而制备。
按照本发明,食物的实例包括可食食物没有任何处理,可食食物经过烹调或其他相似过程,和预先混合作为食物产品的材料。固体食物可以是任何固体、粉末和颗粒形式,如各种甜食(饼干、小甜饼干、蛋糕、马铃薯片和米饼干等),面包、和粉末饮料(咖啡饮料粉末和可可饮料粉末等)。液体、乳化和胶状形式食物实例包括各种饮料,如果汁,碳酸饮料、和乳杆菌饮料,其中,本发明中饮料较合适。
按照本发明约1g狭果藻科海藻热水提取物能吸收约150mg食盐。基于上面的价值用狭果藻科海藻计算的结果,较适合的是每天摄入约10到20g的狭果藻科海藻热水提取物。
实施例
为了更具体说明本发明,将在实例中描述按照本发明从狭果藻科海藻获得热水提取物的步骤和含有这种热水提取物的药品和食物的生产步骤,并且在这些实例中得到的狭果藻科海藻热水提取物用于测试实例也将描述。然而,本发明并不限于这些。
实施例1
来自伊势-志摩可食海蕴用作粗海藻。用水洗去海蕴表面的不纯附着物。水通过筛子移去,称252g湿海蕴用于提取。用红外加热型湿度表测量湿海蕴的水含量,结果为95.4%。在韦林氏搅拌器中,252g海蕴和1200ml水一起粉碎。产生的溶液保持90℃1小时作热水提取处理。产生的溶液冷却到室温且离心(15000G,10min)以移走不溶物。上清液转移到纤维素制的透淅管中且用离子交换水透淅移去分子量为10,000或更小的低分子量物质。透淅的溶液再离心(15000G,10min)以彻底移去不溶物。上清液冷冻干燥,得到2g海蕴热水提取物。
(1)分子量的测定
使用液相层析泵(“CCCP”由TOSOH公司生产),凝胶滤过柱(“TSK凝胶GM-PWXL”由TOSOH公司生产)示差折光仪(“RI-410”由Waters公司生产)和脱气装置(“SD-8022”,由TOSOH公司生产)。0.1 M的氯化钠水溶液为流动相,温度40℃和流速0.8ml/min测分子量。保留时间比较标准的出芽短梗霉聚糖(Pullulan)样品(由昭和电工株式会社生产)和用层析积分仪计算平均分子量重(积分仪21由TOSOH公司生产)。
海蕴热水提取物在上述条件测量,平均分子量为50,000到500,000。
(2)中性糖含量测定
使用试剂,(a)浓硫酸(试剂等级:最高质量)和(b)5%的苯酚水溶液(新鲜不为黄色)。岩藻糖(试剂级别:最高质量)溶于纯水以得到精确地浓度为20μg到600μg/ml的溶液。从这些,5种不同浓度的溶液可选择。在试管中,5种溶液每个装0.5ml和加上上述试剂(b)0.5ml。产生的混合物完全搅拌。然后,反应混合液,加上述试剂(a)2.5ml,随后搅拌。反应混合液室温放置15分钟,用吸收分光光度计在480nm处测吸收。中性糖的标准曲线和480nm的吸收度就可制出了。然后,准确称量海蕴的上述提取物150μg且溶于10ml的纯水。在试管中,加0.5ml所得溶液,并且加上0.5ml试剂(b)。产生混合液充分搅拌。向反应混合液中加2.5ml试剂(a),并且搅拌所得溶液。让反应混合液在室温放置15分钟后,用吸收分光光度计在480nm处测吸收。从进一步制作的标准曲线,中性糖浓度就可算出。关于用于中性糖含量测定的样品,其水的含量由红外湿度表算出,且糖含量经重量对比后分析。
在上述方法中测量的海蕴热水提取物中性糖含量为50%到90%。
(3)硫含量的测定
海蕴热水提取物中硫含量通过燃烧分析,由此样品在氧气中氧化和通过沉淀滴定法决定产生的硫氧化物。这方法根据JISK-0103实施。硫含量定义为(硫重/样品重)×100。
上述方法测量海蕴热水提取物硫含量为3%到17%。
实施例2
细粒的制备:
70重量份实施例1制备的本发明的海蕴热水提取物,20重量份乳糖和10重量份玉米淀粉组成混合物置于流化床和5%的羟丙基甲基纤维素形成颗粒从而得到细粒。
实施例3
饼干的制备:
在下例子中,“份”是指重量。
对混合物由8份使面粉松脆的油脂和18份糖,42份软面粉,7.2份由在实施例1中得到的本发明海蕴热水提取物,0.8份发酵粉,16份鸡蛋,1份葡萄糖和25份水相加,通过搅拌得到一个生面团。生面团压到5mm厚且切成片,每片重16到17g。片在90℃的炉上烤32到36分钟得到约为12g重饼干。根据计算,12g重的饼干含有1g热水的海蕴提取物。即,当摄入时,这片饼干能吸收约60mg钠离子(约150mg食盐)。
实施例4
饮料的制备:
装有12.5g颗粒状糖,0.2g柠檬酸晶体,1g在实施例1中得到本发明的海蕴热水提取物和平衡的离子交换水加到总量100ml的瓶子,且在80℃灭菌10分钟,得到含有海蕴提取物的饮料。
测试例1
(1)食盐溶液的制备:
Na,K和Ca各自在小肠液中浓度为119,4.2和4(mEq/L)。对于日本人每天平均离子吸收,Na,K和Ca各为5072,2700和541毫克。分三顿饭每餐得结果分别为1691,900和180.3mg。
如果饭后在胃和十二指肠中水含量各为0.75L和0.5L,Na,K和Ca的食盐浓度各为58.8,18.5和7.2。当上述食盐浓度加到小肠里,最后的食盐溶液Na,K和Ca各在小肠里的浓度成为89,11.4和5.6mM。
(2)岩藻聚糖钙盐的制备
在含有500ml D.W.的1L烧杯中,填料1.0g岩藻聚糖(由Sigma化学公司生产),用搅拌器搅拌,且完全溶解。在所得溶液中,加入10.0g的二水氯化钙(片山化学公司生产)且得到的混合液搅拌,且完全溶解。让反应混合液放置2小时以完成岩藻聚糖钙盐化反应。从产生的糖溶液,产生的盐通过纤维素透析膜(直径3.5mm,由Sanko Junyaku有限公司生产)移去,且冷冻干燥以获得1.042g的岩藻聚糖Ca盐。
(3)Na离子键程度测定
在上面(1)中制备的盐溶液50ml加入几滴浓盐酸以调pH为1.2。在产生的溶液里,溶1g在实施例1中获得的本发明的海蕴热水提取物,和对照物1g岩藻聚糖钙盐和1g藻酸钙(“由Nisshinbo工业公司生产,商品名为“Flavikafine”。)搅拌,得到的溶液室温放置60分钟。在反应混合液中,加入几滴浓氢氧化钠水溶液以调pH到8.0。搅拌,反应混合液放室温中60分钟。然后,每种离子交换树脂通过含有一个截断分子量为5,000的超滤膜移去。在滤液中的离子浓度由原子吸收分析决定。
(4)结果
作为对照物的岩藻聚糖钙盐,吸收钠离子16.37(mg/g树脂)。藻酸钙也作为对照物,吸收钠离子34.5(mg/树脂g)。
另一方面,本发明海蕴热水提取物吸收钠离子49.87(mg/g树脂)且比对照物表现更高的吸收能力。
测试例2
实验动物用5周龄的雄大鼠(日本查里江)。经过用商用固体食物(“CRF1”,东方发酵有限公司)初步喂养5天,大鼠转入代谢笼。他们用粉末食物CRF1初步喂。然后,称重和根据测得重量分组(n=5)且以在初期饲喂摄入量为指标。海蕴的粗提物作测试药且他们用含有下面表1显示的组分的测试药喂7天。相同的,纤维素(“纤维素粉”商品名;由东方发酵有限公司生产)作负对照和钙藻酸盐(商品名“Flavikafine”,由Nisshinbo工业公司生产)作正对照用在实验中。在实验中,每天测量食物摄入和水的摄入。从用含有测试药食物喂后第3天起,每24小时收集粪便,共40天以供在Na的测量中用。
经过方差分析,测量的每组值用Tukey-Kramer方法检验且显著差异设定在P<0.01。
表1食物的组分(%)
*1 ATN-76维生素混合物(含有二酒石酸胆碱)*2 ATN-76矿物质混合物
酪蛋白 | 20 |
α-玉米淀粉 | 49.5 |
NaCl | 1 |
蔗糖 | 10 |
纤维素粉 | 5 |
维生素混合物*1 | 1 |
矿物质混合物*2 | 3.5 |
玉米油 | 5 |
测试糖 | 5 |
表2每种测试药物的矿物含量(mg/100g)
测试药物 Na K Ca |
纤维素 513 352 513 |
藻酸钙 514 352 903 |
实施例1中本发明的海蕴热水提取物 544 359 733 |
结果:
测量3在粪便中钠排泄总量和钠摄入总量的比率(以后称为“排泄率”)。结果,本发明的海蕴粗提物组钠的排泄率(10.1%)显著高于纤维素组(0.4%)或藻酸钙盐组(1.4%)。
产业应用性
狭果藻科海藻的热水提取物在胃肠道吸收钠离子且促进他们的排泄,因此含有该提取物的食物或药品可用来防止或治疗由过量摄入食盐而引起的疾病。
Claims (7)
1.狭果藻科海藻的热水提取物,其中热水提取物分子量至少是30,000。
2.权利要求1的狭果藻科海藻热水提取物,其平均分子量为50,000到500,000而中性糖含量是50%到90%。
3.权利要求1的狭果藻科海藻热水提取物,其平均分子量为50,000到500,000,中性糖含量为50%到90%且硫含量为3到17%。
4.一种食物,包括权利要求1~3任一项的狭果藻科海藻热水提取物。
5.钠离子吸收剂,包括作为有效成分的权利要求1到3任一项的狭果藻科海藻的热水提取物。
6.钠离子排泄促进剂,包括作为有效成分的权利要求1到3任何一项的狭果藻科海藻热水提取物。
7.一种防止或治疗由过量摄入食盐而引起的疾病的药剂,包括作为有效成分的权利要求1到3任何一项的狭果藻科海藻的热水提取物。
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ATE231524T1 (de) | 2003-02-15 |
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CA2259450A1 (en) | 1998-01-08 |
KR20000022338A (ko) | 2000-04-25 |
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DE69718645T2 (de) | 2003-08-21 |
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