CN1223634C - 在聚酯或聚酰胺熔融加工期间防止形成醛类污染物的方法 - Google Patents
在聚酯或聚酰胺熔融加工期间防止形成醛类污染物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1223634C CN1223634C CNB02106735XA CN02106735A CN1223634C CN 1223634 C CN1223634 C CN 1223634C CN B02106735X A CNB02106735X A CN B02106735XA CN 02106735 A CN02106735 A CN 02106735A CN 1223634 C CN1223634 C CN 1223634C
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- azanol
- carbon atoms
- base
- nitrone
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Abstract
聚酯,诸如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)PET,或聚酰胺,以及一种选自羟胺稳定剂、取代的羟胺稳定剂、硝酮稳定剂和胺氧化物稳定剂的合适的稳定剂所组成的混合物被挤出配混后表现出比聚酯或聚酰胺单独经受类似处理时具有更低的残余乙醛含量。本发明适合于任何用于制造模塑制品、纤维或膜的聚酯或聚酰胺,例如用来制瓶或容器的聚酯和聚酰胺,这些瓶或容器可被用来贮存消费材料,例如食品、饮料和水。
Description
聚酯、诸如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)PET,或聚酰胺,和一种选自羟胺、取代的羟胺、硝酮和胺氧化物稳定剂的合适化合物所组成的混合物,当挤出配混时表现出比聚酯或聚酰胺单独存在经受类似处理时具有更低的残余醛含量。本发明适用于任何用来制造纤维、膜或塑模制品的聚酯或聚酰胺。例如瓶子和容器,它们是被用来贮存消费材料的,例如食品、饮料和水。
已知乙醛是聚酯诸如PET的分解产物。乙醛把不希望有的味道和气味传递给贮存在PET瓶中的瓶装水。降低从PET瓶壁释出而进入贮存在其中的水或其它饮料中的乙醛浓度是工业界长期追求的目标。有一些对挤压机、供预成型坯的注入模塑机械和制瓶机器的工程或设计方面的改变使聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)PET加工时乙醛的形成减至最小。对PET组成本身的修饰已降低了它的熔点或它的熔融粘度,以便使PET被加工进入预成型坯或瓶中时较少受到热或机械的严重损害。
乙醛也可在聚酰胺中形成,例如聚酰胺6和聚酰胺6,6在热应力条件下时。这些乙醛会引发一连串事件,结果导致不希望有的泛黄和机械性能的降低。
U.S.4,361,681报导含有酸酐封端剂的聚酯具有降低了的乙醛产生速率。
U.S.5,459,224公开了具有4-羟基亚苄基封端剂的聚酯类,可赋予产品以改善的耐气候性和光稳定性,但未提及有关乙醛释出的情况。然而,它指出这类聚酯适宜用作食品和饮料包装。
聚酯可用许多催化剂体系以本领域已知的一些途径来合成。EP-A-0 826 713报导在PET共聚期间当有一种亚磷酸酯诸如双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇亚磷酸酯在聚合期间存在时,乙醛存在的浓度较低。
U.S.4,837,115;U.S.5,258,233;U.S.5,266,413;U.S.5,340,884;U.S.5,648,032;U.S.5,650,469;WO-A-93/20147;WO-A-93/23474;WO-A-98/07786和WO-A-98/39388报导了用聚酰胺类来作为一种降低乙醛浓度的方法,可假定这是通过与乙醛的席夫碱反应,在有水存在时它是可逆的。
EP-A-0 191 701描述了具有优良阻挡性能的双轴定向容器,所说的容器包含聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)树脂和乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂的掺合物。这一参考文献集中注意力于改善气体阻挡性质并且未提及任何有关降低乙醛含量的内容。
日本昭62-257959描述了双轴向拉伸容器,它是由聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)掺合一种共聚物或一种聚酰胺、或掺合0.1至15重量%的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物组成的合成树脂制造的。这些实例仅限于单一的EVOH高聚物(如Kuraray Co.的EVEL G110)。它报导当存在EVOH高聚物时,乙醛存在的浓度较低。
EP-A-0 714 832报导了一种制造容器的方法,它包含聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)、聚碳酸酯或PEN聚酯,并在瓶壁中有一种可以粘合乙醛的添加剂。这种添加剂被一般地描述为是一种聚酰胺。
U.S.5,656,221描述了一种生产具有降低的乙醛浓度的聚酯的方法,它使用某些催化剂或惰性气体条件,或通过加入一种酰胺化合物。这些包括商品聚酰胺类或长链脂肪族酰胺化合物。
U.S.5,856,385报导用聚酰胺或酰胺-蜡来降低乙醛浓度,后者是当在聚烯烃中的基于山梨糖醇的澄清剂被加热时产生的。
U.S.4,873,279公开了一种组合物,它包含共聚酯-碳酸酯树脂、一种聚酯树脂以及小量由一种多元醇和至少一种表氧化物组成的混合物。
U.S.4,394,470公开了一种含有焦糖色着色剂的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)模塑组合物。这种焦糖色着色剂可能是由单糖或双糖现场形成的。
U.S.5,681,879公开了一种阻燃性聚酯组合物,它含有聚酯树脂、一种含有不少于3个羟基的多元醇、一种无机阻燃剂和一种基于卤素的阻燃剂。
WO-A-00/66659公开了一种为减少乙醛形成的模塑组合物,它含有PET和多元醇添加剂。
WO-A-01/00724公开了在PET的挤压产物中使用多元醇来减少乙醛的形成。
羟胺衍生物,诸如N,N-二烷基羟胺和N,N-二苄基羟胺,是众所周知的有用的稳定剂,可用于各种高聚物底物中,像,例如,在U.S.4,590,231;U.S.4,668,721;U.S.4,782,105或U.S.4,876,300中所报导的那样,这些专利中的有关部份在此引入作为参考。
U.S.4,649,221;U.S.4,691,015和U.S.4,703,073报导使用聚羟胺化合物、由受阻胺类衍生的羟胺和烷基化的N,N-二苄基羟胺衍生物分别地用来稳定聚烯烃。所有运三项专利都报导聚烯烃组合物对于降解和/或在暴露于高温下加热、天然气的燃烧产物、γ射线照射或在室温长时间储存时的退色方面的稳定化。
U.S.4,612,393;U.S.4,696,964;U.S.4,720,517和U.S.4,757,102公开了使用各种羟胺化合物来使有机材料稳定化。
羟胺稳定剂也被公开于U.S.4,831,134;U.S.5,006,577;U.S.5,019,285;U.S.5,064,883;U.S.5,185,448和U.S.5,235,056中。
U.S.4,666,962;U.S.4,666,963;U.S.4,678,826;U.S.4,753,972;U.S.4,757,102;U.S.4,760,179;U.S.4,929,657;U.S.5,057,563;U.S.5,021,479;U.S.5,045,583和U.S.5,185,448公开了使用各种取代的羟胺稳定剂使有机材料稳定化。
U.S.5,081,300;U.S.5,162,408;U.S.5,844,029;U.S.5,880,191和U.S.5,922,794公开了使用饱和烃胺氧化物来使热塑树脂稳定化。
U.S.4,898,901公开了使用长链硝酮化合物作为聚烯烃组合物的加工稳定剂。
虽然已进行许多努力来解决,例如降低PET水瓶中乙醛的污染问题,但仍然有需要找出更有效的解决方案。
本发明对任何聚酯或聚酰胺都是有用的,只要所说的聚酯或聚酰胺在热加工期间有醛类化合物,例如乙醛,形成或释出。所说聚酯或聚酰胺的热加工包括它们的合成,在固态聚合(SSP)过程中的热暴露,任何用在预成型坯、型坯、瓶子和容器制造中的注模成型,注射吹胀造型或拉坯吹塑成型,或膜的挤压,或在聚酯或聚酰胺在其玻璃化转变温度以上和分解温度以下进行的任何熔融加工期间等。
本发明使PET水瓶中的污染物(即醛类)的量降低,从而为瓶装水或在所说的PET容器中的其它瓶装饮料,提供了改进的味道或气味。在这方面乙醛数量的减少是高度有益的。
进一步,本发明的组合物不会赋予PET瓶以不可接受的颜色或浊雾。“浊雾”是一种不希望有的、看得出来的泛灰效应。
本发明涉及一种组合物,它使所说的组合物在熔融加工期间对醛类污染物的形成具有稳定化作用,组合物包括:
(a)聚酯或聚酰胺,
(b)有效稳定量的至少一种选自以下的化合物:
i)羟胺稳定剂,
ii)取代的羟胺稳定剂,
iii)硝酮稳定剂,和
iv)胺氧化物稳定剂。
组分(a)的聚酯或聚酰胺基于(a)和(b)的总重量计占95-99.99重量%,组分(b)的一种或多种稳定剂总共占5至0.01重量%。
例如,按(a)和(b)的总重量计,组分(a)为98-99.99重量%而组分(b)为2-0.01重量%;又例如按(a)和(b)的总重量计组分(a)为99至99.97重量%而组分(b)为1至0.03重量%。
组分(b)的添加剂可通过已知的技术加入到组分(a)的聚酯或聚酰胺中。例如,组分(b)的添加剂可以纯净形式或以溶液或分散物的形式加入,可以有或没有随后的溶剂蒸发步骤。组分(b)也可以一种母炼肢的形式加入被稳定化的聚酯或聚酰胺中,这种母炼胶含有,例如,按重量计约2.5%浓度的组分(b)。
组分(a)的聚酯具有二羧酸重复单元,可选自含有8至14个碳原子的芳香二羧酸、含有4至12个碳原子的脂肪族二羧酸、含有8至12个碳原子的环状脂肪二羧酸以及它们的混合物。
例如这类二羧酸是对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸、环己烷二甲酸、环己烷二乙酸、二苯基-4,4′-二羧酸、丁二酸、马来酸、戊二酸、己二酸、癸二酸以及它们的混合物。
例如二羧酸是对苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸或2,6-萘二甲酸。
组分(a)的聚酯的二元醇或乙二醇部份是由通式为HO-R-OH的化合物衍生而来的,其中的R是含有2至18个碳原子的脂肪、环状脂肪或芳香部分。
例如这类二醇或乙二醇是乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、3-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2-甲基-1,4-戊二醇、2,2-二乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-二-(羟乙氧基)苯、2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)-丙烷、2,4-二羟基-1,1,3,3-四甲基环丁烷、2,2-双(3-羟乙氧基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟丙氧基苯基)乙烷以及它们的混合物。
二醇例如是乙二醇或1,4-环己烷二甲醇。
组分(a)的聚酯例如是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)PET或聚(2,6-萘二甲酸-2,6-乙二酯);或例如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)。
也可以考虑组分(a)的聚酯也可以是聚酯类或包括上述组分的共聚酯类的掺合物。
本发明的聚酰胺是,例如,通过聚合在氨基和羧酸基之间至少有两个碳原子的单氨基一单羧酸或它们的内酰胺而制备的那些,或把基本上等摩尔部分的氨基之间至少有两个碳原子的二胺和二羧酸聚合,或者把上面定义的单氨基羧酸或其内酯和基本上等摩尔的二胺和二羧酸在一起聚合制备的那些。术语“基本上等摩尔”部分包括严格等摩尔部分以及稍为与之有些偏离的部分,后一种情况包含在为使得到的聚酰胺的粘度稳定化而采用的普通技术中。二羧酸也可以其官能团衍生物的形式来使用,例如它的酯或酰氯。
用于制备聚酰胺的上述单氨基-单羧酸或其内酰胺的实例,包括那些在氨基和羧酸基团之间含有2至16个碳原子的化合物,在内酰胺的情况下所说的碳原子形成一个包含-CO-NH-的环。这里可以提及的作为氨基羧酸和内酰胺的一些具体实例,有ε-氨基己酸、丁内酰胺、新戊内酰胺、ε-己内酰胺、辛内酰胺、庚内酰胺、十一碳内酰胺、十二碳内酰胺以及3-和4-氨基苯甲酸。
适宜用来制备这种聚酰胺的二胺类,包括直链和叉链的烷基、芳基和烷芳基二胺类。供说明性的二胺类有三亚甲基二胺、四亚甲基二胺、五亚甲基二胺、八亚甲基二胺、六亚甲基二胺、三甲基六亚甲基二胺、间苯二胺和间二甲苯二胺。
二羧酸类可用式子HOOC-B-COOH来代表,其中B是一个含有至少两个碳原子的二价脂肪或芳香基团。脂肪族二酸的实例有癸二酸、十八碳二酸、辛二酸、戊二酸、庚二酸和己二酸。
结晶的和无定形的聚酰胺二者都可使用,但结晶的物种已知更具耐溶剂性。聚酰胺或尼龙的典型实例像它们平常被称呼的那样,包括,例如,聚酰胺-6(聚己内酰胺),6,6(聚六亚甲基己二酰胺),11;12;4,6;6,10和6,12以及由对苯二甲酸和/或间苯二甲酸和三甲基六亚甲基二胺形成的聚酰胺;由己二酸和间-二甲苯二胺形成的聚酰胺;由己二酸、壬二酸和2,2-双(对-氨基苯基)丙烷或2,2-双-(对-氨基环己基)丙烷以及由对苯二甲酸和4,4′-二氨基二环己基甲烷形成的聚酰胺。由两种或多种上述聚酰胺或它们的预聚物各自形成的混合物和/或共聚物也在本发明范围以内。本发明的聚酰胺类有例如聚酰胺-6;4;6,6;6,4;6,9;6,10;6,12;11和12。例如,本发明的聚酰胺是聚酰胺-4、聚酰胺-6、聚酰胺-6,6、聚酰胺-12或聚酰胺-6,4。
本发明的聚酰胺也可包括已知的聚酰胺稳定剂,例如Irgafos 168(RTM)(Ciba SC)、Irganox 1098(RTM)(Ciba SC)、NylostabS-EED(RTM)(Clariant,CAS#42774-15-2)和Polyad 201(RTM)(Cul/K1/Zn硬脂酸盐;重量比10%/80%/10%)Irganox 1098(RTM)(Ciba SC)是N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基-丙酰基)六亚甲基二酰胺。这种聚酰胺稳定剂以它们已知的浓度应用,例如基于聚酰胺为按重量计约0.01至约1%。
本发明的聚酰胺组合物表现出改进的对泛黄现象的耐受性和改进的机械性能。
也可考虑组分(a)的聚合物可以是纯的高聚物,或供选择地是高聚物的重新循环物。另外,也可以将一种或多种上述组分(b)的稳定剂作为与聚酯或聚酰胺载体树脂浓缩物的一部分来加入。
本发明提供的新组合物在制造食物诸如饮料和食品的容器或包装物方面是有用的。由这些聚酯或聚酰胺模塑的制品呈现出良好的薄壁刚性,优良的透明性以及良好的对湿气和大气气体的阻断性,特别是对二氧化碳和氧的阻断性。特别感兴趣的有纤维、膜或模塑制品。
本发明的塑料容器和膜具有刚性或软质的单和/或多层构造。典型的多层构造具有两层或多层层压材料,它是通过热成型或挤压多层软质薄膜,或挤压瓶子预成型坯或“型坯”、接着吹塑预成型坯成为瓶子而制造的。在多层体系中,任何合适的塑料层都可被应用。
本发明的多层容器或膜可以由,例如,聚酯、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚烯烃共聚物诸如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、聚苯乙烯、聚(氯乙烯)、聚(1,1-二氯乙烯)、聚酰胺、纤维素制品、聚碳酸酯、乙烯-乙烯醇、聚(乙烯醇)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈和离子交联聚合物等的层来形成。前提条件是至少有一层包含本发明的聚酯或聚酰胺组合物。
对于膜和刚性包装(瓶子)两者,典型地,是外层和接触内容物的最内层是由,例如,聚酯类诸如PET或PEN〔聚(萘二甲酸乙二酯)〕、聚丙烯、或聚乙烯诸如HDPE来构成。中间各层,常常被称为“防渗”或“粘附”或“束缚”层,是由PET、PEN、羧酸化的聚乙烯离子交联聚合物诸如Surlyn(RTM)、乙烯醇均聚物或共聚物诸如聚(乙烯醇)、部分水解的聚(醋酸乙烯酯)、聚(乙烯共聚乙烯醇)诸如EVOH或EVAL、尼龙或聚酰胺类诸如Selar(杜邦)或基于间二甲苯二胺(有时被称为尼龙MXD-6)、或聚1,1-二氯乙烯(PVDC)或聚氨基甲酸酯等当中的一种或多种的组合所组成的。
因此,本发明也适合于单层或多层塑料容器或膜,在所说的容器或膜的熔融加工期间对于醛类污染物的形成具有稳定化作用,其中至少包括一层,该层中含有:
(a)聚酯或聚酰胺,
(b)有效稳定量的至少一种选自以下的化合物:
i)羟胺稳定剂,
ii)取代的羟胺稳定剂,
iii)硝酮稳定剂,和
iv)胺氧化物稳定剂。
刚性容器可以用已知的机械加工方法来制造:
a)一步吹塑法,诸如在Nissei,Aoki或Uniloy机器上实施的那种方法,
b)两步方法,即预成型坯的注塑法,诸如在Netstal或Husky机器上实施的那种方法,然后把预成型坯通过吹塑转化成瓶子(例如,在Sidel、Corpopla和Krones机器上实施的),
c)预成型坯整体吹塑成瓶子,诸如在Sipa、Krupp Kautex或Husky ISB机器上实施的方法,
d)预成型坯拉坯吹塑(SBM)成瓶子。优选这种塑料容器是一种刚性瓶子。
预成型坯在构造方面可以是单层或多层的。这些瓶子供选择地可以经后处理来改变内壁性质。瓶子可供选择地在外部作表面处理,诸如应用表面涂布。紫外吸收剂和其它已知的稳定剂可在这类加上的表面涂布物中存在。
通过使用已知的热变定技术,某些聚酯类借助于颜色、I.V和热扭变,可在高达约100℃仍是稳定的。这样的稳定性质在这里被称为“热装”稳定性。线型聚酯必须被应用于具有“热装”稳定性的制品中,包括聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)、聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)其中多至5摩尔百分数的乙二醇残基已被由1,4-环己烷二甲醇衍生的残基所置换,以及聚(2,6-萘二甲酸乙二酯),其中这种聚酯已被充分地热变定,并通过本领域众所周知的方法所取向以便给出所希望的结晶度。
本发明的聚酯或聚酰胺纤维可通过已知的技术来制备。它们可以是经过编织或未经编织的。它们通过熔融挤压工艺来形成纤维或纤丝。按照已知的技术诸如连续纤丝抽丝纱线或定长短纤维,和非编织工艺诸如纺粘法生产和熔喷法生产,纤维和纤丝都是把熔融的聚合物经过小的针孔压出的,一般,这样形成的纤维或纤丝然后被拉伸或伸长。在非编织工艺诸如纺粘法和熔喷法中,纤维或纤丝被直接沉降在有胚孔的表面上,诸如运动的水平输送设备并且至少部分地用许多方法中的任何一种来固结,这些方法包括,但不限于,热、机械或化学的粘合方法。本专业技术人员已经知道结合一些工艺或来自不同工艺的纤维来生产复合织物,它具有一些希望有的特性。这方面的实例有结合纺粘法和熔喷法来生产层压织物,后者以SMS著称,它意味着用来代表两层由纺粘法纤维组成的外层和熔喷法纤维组成的内层。另外,这些工艺中的任一种或二者可以任何安排与定长短纤维梳理工艺或由非编织定长短纤维梳理工艺产生的已粘合好的纤维相结合。在这类描述过的层压织物中,各层中一般至少部分地用上面列出的方法中的一种来固结。
在本发明的层压织物中,至少有一层包含本发明的组合物。
本发明的纤维已被描述于,例如,U.S.5,650,509;U.S.5,911,902;U.S.6,294,254;U.S.5,049,447;U.S.5,512,340;U.S.6,010,789;U.S.5,589,530和U.S.6,020,421中,它们的有关公开内容在此引入作为参考。
本发明的纤维可被应用于,例如,室内装饰、服装、饰面、绳索、网、轮胎帘布、风筝绳、降落伞等。
模塑的聚酰胺制品可以用于例如汽车方面(在外壳下)的应用等。
聚酯薄膜在本领域是众所周知的。PET膜被用于包装,例如,药品、食品、工业及装饰产品中。它们被用作标记中的商业图示薄膜、印刷基底、办公室图示和标记。它们也被作为工业薄膜用于例如,在内衬布中作为底基、磁带背面、防护贴面层、薄膜开关和用于层压。它们还用作,例如在中间和试印应用中作为成像膜和用在太阳光控制和安全窗膜方面。它们也被用于,例如,刷白面层膜、刷白真空膜、尺寸稳定膜、挤压涂布膜、耐撕裂膜、极化膜、反射膜、可分配的膜、涂布膜、共挤塑薄膜,绝缘膜、耐气候影响的膜、层压膜和镜面膜。
PEN膜被用于,例如,标签、挠性印刷电路和电绝缘方面。
本发明的聚酯膜可以,例如,和其它膜诸如聚烯烃膜结合使用。
聚酰胺膜,例如PA6和PA6,6,被用于包装用的共挤塑薄膜中。例如,聚酰胺膜被用于可用微波加热的食品包装中。
本发明也有关于在聚酯或聚酰胺的熔融加工期间防止形成醛类污染物的方法,它包括往所说的聚酯或聚酰胺中加入有效稳定量的至少一种选自下述的化合物:i)羟胺稳定剂,ii)取代的羟的稳定剂,iii)硝酮稳定剂,iv)胺氧化物稳定剂。
这样,本发明的一种优选的实施方案是使用组分(b)来在聚酯或聚酰胺的熔融加工期间防止醛类污染物的形成。
组分i)的羟胺稳定剂有,例如那些公开于美国专利4,590,231;4,612,393;4,649,221;4,668,721;4,691,015;4,696,964;4,703,073;4,720,517;4,757,102;4,782,105;4,831,134;4,876,300;5,006,577;5,019,285;5,064,883;5,185,448以及5,235,056中的化合物,它们的有关部分在此引入作为参考。
用于这种新组合物和方法中的组分i)的羟胺稳定剂是,例如具有下式(I)的化合物:
其中
T1是含有1至36个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基,含有5至12个碳原子的环烷基,含有7至9个碳原子的芳烷基,或者所说的芳烷基被一个或两个含有1至12个碳原子的烷基或一个或两个卤原子所取代;
T2是氢,或独立地具有与T1相同的意义。
另外,本发明的组分i)的羟胺稳定剂是含有一个或多个如下式(II)所示基团的化合物:
其中
T是一个形成五元或六元环的基团;
R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地是氢、含1至4个碳原子的烷基或苯基。
在本发明中组分i)的化合物是,例如,具有式(I)的N,N-二烃基羟胺类,其中T1和T2各自独立地是苄基、甲基、乙基、辛基、月桂基、十二碳烷基、十四碳烷基、十六碳烷基、十七碳烷基或十八碳烷基,或者T1和T2分别是在氢化的牛脂胺中发现的烷基混合物。
在本发明组合物和方法中的组分i)的化合物有,例如,N,N-二烃基羟胺类,它可选自N,N-二苄基羟胺、N,N-二乙基羟胺、N,N-二辛基羟胺、N,N-二月桂基羟胺、N,N-二-十二碳烷基羟胺、N,N-二-十四碳烷基羟胺、N,N-二-十六碳烷基羟胺、N,N-二-十八碳烷基羟胺、N-十六碳烷基-N-十四碳烷基羟胺、N-十六碳烷基-N-十七碳烷基羟胺、N-十六碳烷基-N-十八碳烷基羟胺、N-十七碳烷基-N-十八碳烷基羟胺、N-甲基-N-十八碳烷基羟胺以及N,N-二(氢化牛脂基)羟胺。
在本发明中组分i)可以是例如N,N-二(烷基)羟胺,它是通过把N,N-二(氢化牛脂基)胺〔Irgastab FS-402(RTM),Ciba SpecialtyCorp.〕直接氧化生产出来的。
组分ii)的取代的羟胺是,例如那些被描述于U.S.4,666,962;U.S.4,666,963;U.S.4,678,826;U.S.4,753,972;U.S.4,757,102;U.S.4,760,179;U.S.4,929,657;U.S.5,057,563;U.S.5,021,479;U.S.5,045,583或U.S.5,185,448中的化合物;这些专利的公开内容在此引入作为参考。组分ii)包括把组分i)的羟胺类与α,β-不饱和酮、酯、酰胺或膦酸酯进行Michael加成反应所形成的产物。组分ii)也包括把组分i)的羟胺类与甲醛和二级胺进行Mannich型缩合反应得到的产物。组分ii)还包括把组分i)的羟胺进行O-链烯基取代生成的类似物,像在U.S.5,045,583中所公开的那样。组分ii)也包括非受阻的取代羟胺稳定剂,像在U.S.Pat.No.5,185,448中所公开的那样。组分ii)也包括组分i)羟胺稳定剂的酰基衍生物,例如像那些在U.S.5,021,479中所公开的那样。
组分ii)的取代的羟胺可以是上述具有式I或II的羟胺的衍生物,前提是如果它们是式II代表的羟胺的衍生物,则它们应仅限于如在U.S.5,185,448和5,235,056中所描述的那些羟胺的衍生物。
本发明取代的羟胺可以是,例如具有式III或式IV的化合物:
其中
T1是含有1至36个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基,含有5至12个碳原子的环烷基,含有7至9个碳原子的芳烷基,或者所说的芳烷基被一个或两个含有1至12个碳原子的烷基或被一个或两个卤原子所取代;
T2是氢、或独立地具有与T1相同的意义;
T3是烯丙基、含1至36个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基、含5至18个碳原子的环烷基、含5至18个碳原子的环烯基、或被苯基、或被一个或两个含1至4个碳原子的烷基或一个或两个卤原子取代的苯基所取代的含1至4个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基。
组分ii)的取代的羟胺可以是例如O-烯丙基-N,N-二-十八碳烷基羟胺或O-正丙基-N,N-二-十八碳烷基羟胺、或N,N-二-(氢化牛脂基)乙酰氧胺。
组分iii)的硝酮类可以是,例如,在U.S.4,898,901中所描述的那些,该专利在此引入作为参考。
组分iii)的硝酮类是例如具有式V的化合物:
其中
L1是含有1至36个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基、含有5至12个碳原子的环烷基、含有7至9个碳原子的芳烷基、或所说的芳烷基被一个或两个含有1至12个碳原子的烷基或一个或两个卤原子所取代;
L2和L3各自独立地是氢、含1至36个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基、含5至12个碳原子的环烷基、含7至9个碳原子的芳烷基、或所说的芳烷基被一个或两个含1至12个碳原子的烷基或一个或两个卤原子所取代;或者L1和L2一起形成一个包括氮原子在内的五或六元环。
组分iii)的硝酮类可以是相应的组分i)的羟胺的氧化产物。这就是说,组分iii)的硝酮类可以是组分i)的羟胺的类似物。这些硝酮可以是,例如,N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十-碳烷基硝酮、N-十四碳烷基-α-十三碳烷基硝酮、N-十六碳烷基-α-十五碳烷基硝酮、N-十八碳烷基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮、N-十六碳烷基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮、N-十八碳烷基-α-十五碳烷基硝酮、N-十七碳烷基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮、N-十八碳烷基-α-十六碳烷基硝酮、N-甲基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮和由N,N-二-(氧化牛脂基)羟胺所衍生的硝酮。
组分iv)的胺氧化物稳定剂是那些,例如,被公开于U.S.5,081,300;U.S.5,162,408;U.S.5,844,029;U.S.5,880,191和U.S.5,922,794中的化合物,上述每项专利的有关部分均在此引入作为参考。
组分iv)的胺氧化物稳定剂是,例如,如以下通式(VI)所代表的饱和三级胺氧化物:
其中
G1和G2各自独立地是含6至36个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基、含6至12个碳原子的芳基、含7至36个碳原子的芳烷基、含7至36个碳原子的烷芳基、含5至36个碳原子的环烷基、含6至36个碳原子的烷基环烷基或含6至36个碳原子的环烷基烷基;
G3是一个含1至36个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基、含6至12个碳原子的芳基、含7至36个碳原子的芳烷基、含7至36个碳原子的烷芳基、含5至36个碳原子的环烷基、含6至36个碳原子的烷基环烷基、含6至36个碳原子的环烷基烷基;前提条件是G1、G2和G3中至少有一个含有一个β碳-氢键;并且其中所说的芳基可以被1至3个卤素、含1至8个碳原子的烷基、1至8个碳原子的烷氧基、或它们的组合所取代;其中所说的烷基、芳烷基、烷芳基、环烷基、烷基环烷基、环烷基烷基可以被一至十六个-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CO-、-NG4-、-CONG4-和-NG4CO-基团所隔断,或其中所说的烷基、芳烷基、烷基芳基、环烷基、烷基环烷基、环烷基烷基可以被一至十六个选自-OG4、-SG4、-COOG4、-OCOG4、-COG4、-N(G4)2、-CON(G4)2、-NG4COG4以及含有-C(CH3)(CH2RX)NL(CH2RX)(CH3)C-的基团的五元或六元环所取代,或其中所说的烷基、芳烷基、烷芳基、环烷基、烷基环烷基、和环烷基烷基既被上述基团所隔断,又被这些基团所取代;其中G4独立地是氢或含有1至8个碳原子的烷基;
RX是氢或甲基;
L是氢、羟基、C1-30直链或叉链烷基部分、-C(O)R基部分,其中R是C1-30直链或叉链烷基、或-ORy部分,Ry是C1-30直链或叉链烷基、C2-C30链烯基、C2-C30炔基、C5-C12环烷基、C6-C10双环烷基、C5-C8环烯基、C6-C10芳基、C7-C9芳烷基、它可被烷基、芳基或-CO(D)基团所取代,其中D是C1-C18烷基、C1-C18烷氧基、苯基、被羟基、烷基、烷氧基、氨基或被烷基或苯基一或二取代的氨基取代的苯基。
式VI化合物的实例有那些G1和G2独立地是苄基或取代的苄基的化合物。也可能每个G1、G2和G3是相同的残基。G1和G2也可以独立地是含8至26个碳原子的烷基,例如含10至26个碳原子的烷基。G3可以是含1至22个碳原子的烷基,例如甲基或取代的甲基。还有,本发明的胺氧化物也包括那些G1、G2和G3都是含6至36个碳原子的相同烷基的化合物。上述G1、G2、G3残基是,例如饱和的烃残基或含有至少一个上述-O-、-S-、-SO-、-CO2-、-CO-或-CON-部分的饱和烃残基。本领域熟练的技术人员应能想象出各个G1、G2和G3其它有用的残基而无需偏移本发明。
感兴趣的具有式VI的胺氧化物稳定剂,是其中G1和G2独立地是含8至26个碳原子的烷基、并且G3是甲基的化合物。
组分iv)的饱和胺氧化物也可包括聚(胺氧化物)。所谓聚(胺氧化物)是指每个分子中包含至少两个三级胺氧化物的三级胺氧化物。供说明用的聚(胺氧化物),也称为“聚(三级胺氧化物)”,包括脂肪或脂环族二胺类、诸如,例如1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,6-二氨基己烷、1,10-二氨基癸烷、1,4-二氨基环己烷、以及基于芳香二胺类的诸如、例如二氨基蒽醌和二氨基苯甲醚的三级胺氧化物类似物。
组分iv)也包括上述二胺类的低聚物或高聚物衍生的三级胺氧化物。有用的胺氧化物也包括附着在高聚物上的胺氧化物,例如附着在聚烯烃、聚丙烯酯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚苯乙烯等高聚物上的胺氧化物。当胺氧化物附着在高聚物上时,每个高聚物分子上胺氧化物的平均数目可在宽广范围内变化,并不是所有高聚物链上必然含有一个胺氧化物。所有上述胺氧化物可供选择地含有至少一个-O-、-S-、-SO-、-CO2-、-CO-或-CONG4-部分。例如,高聚物的三级胺氧化物中的每个三级胺氧化物可含有一个C1残基。
在式(VI)化合物中基团G1、G2和G3可以连接到含有受阻胺的分子上。受阻胺在本领域中是已知的,本发明的胺氧化物可以任何方式,在受阻胺的任何结构位置上连接到胺阻胺上。其中一部分是组分iv)化合物的有用的受阻胺包括那些具有下式VII和VIII的化合物:
其中L和RX的意义如上所述。也包括那些每个分子中含有多于一个受阻胺和多于一个饱和胺氧化物的胺氧化物。受阻胺可以连接到聚(三级胺氧化物)或连接到如上面讨论过的聚合物底物上。
组分(b)的具体实例是选自下列化合物中的一种或多种化合物:
i)通过直接氧化N,N-二-(氢化牛脂基)胺〔Irgastab FS-042(RTM)〕所产生的N,N-二(烷基)羟胺,
ii)O-烯丙基-N,N-二-十八碳烷基羟胺,
iii)N-十八碳烷基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮,
iv)Genox EP(RTM),一种二-(C16-C18)烷基甲基胺氧化物,CAS#204933-93-7。
FS-042(RTM)可从Ciba Specialty Chemicals买到。Genox EP(RTM)可从GE Chemicals买到。O-烯丙基-N,N-二-十八碳烷基羟胺是按U.S.5,045,583中的实施例3制备的。N-十八碳烷基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮是按U.S.4,898,901中的实施例3制备的。
本发明也有关形成瓶预型坯或瓶子或容器的方法,后者适宜用来贮存水(矿泉水,天然水,臭氧化的水)或其它食品,它们在包装之后被放在所说的瓶子或容器中仍能保持水或食品所希望的味道不变,上述瓶子或容器是用本发明的聚酯或聚酰胺组合物制备的。
用一种或多种(b)化合物稳定化的本发明塑料容器或膜,可供选择地往其中加入或施用基于组合物的总重量计大约0.01至约10重量%、例如约0.025至约5重量%、例如约0.1至约3重量%的其它添加剂,诸如抗氧剂、别的紫外吸收剂、受阻胺类、亚磷酸酯类或亚膦酸酯类、苯并呋喃-2-酮类、硫代增效剂、聚酰胺稳定剂、硬脂酸金属盐、成核剂、填充剂、增强剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、染料、颜料、荧光增白剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、发泡剂等,诸如下面所列出的材料,或它们的混合物。
1抗氧剂
1.1.烷基化的一元酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚,2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚,2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二-十八碳烷基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4,6-三-环己基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚,线型或在侧链上带叉链的壬基酚类诸如2,6-二-壬基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十一碳烷-1′-基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十七碳烷-1′-基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十三碳烷-1′-基)苯酚以及它们的混合物。
1.2.烷基硫甲基酚类,例如2,4-二辛基硫甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚,2,4-二辛基硫甲基-6-甲基苯酚,2,4-二辛基硫甲基-6-乙基苯酚,2,6-二-十二碳烷基硫甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3.氢醌类和烷基化的氢醌类,例如2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚,2,5-二-叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二-叔戊基氢醌,2,6-二苯基-4-十八碳烷氧基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚,硬脂酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基酯,己二酸双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)酯。
1.4.生育酚类,例如α-生育酚,β-生育酚,γ-生育酚,δ-生育酚和它们的混合物(维生素E)。
1.5.羟基化的硫代二苯醚类,例如2,2′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(3,6-二-仲戊基苯酚),4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-二硫化物。
1.6.亚烷基双酚类,例如2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双〔4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚〕,2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双〔6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚〕,2,2′-亚甲基双〔6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚〕,4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚,1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二碳烷基巯基丁烷,乙二醇双〔3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丁酸酯〕,双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯,对苯二甲酸双〔2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基〕酯,1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷,2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷,2,2-双-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二碳烷基巯基丁烷,1,1,5,5-四(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7.O-、N-、和S-苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5′-四叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚,十八碳烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸酯,十三碳烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸酯,三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺,双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫代对苯二甲酸酯,双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫化物,异辛基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸酯。
1.8.羟苄基化的丙二酸酯类,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟苄基)丙二酸二-十八碳烷基酯,2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸二-十八碳烷基酯,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二-十二碳烷基巯基乙基酯,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸双〔4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基〕酯。
1.9.芳香羟苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯,1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
1.10.三嗪类化合物,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11.苄基膦酸酯,例如2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二甲酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二-十八碳烷基酯,5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸二-十八碳烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸的单乙酯的钙盐。
1.12.酰基氨基酚类,例如,4-羟基月桂酰苯胺,4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺,N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯。
1.13.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇形成 的酯类,例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八碳醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊基二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一碳醇、3-硫杂十五碳醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环〔2.2.2〕辛烷等所形成的酯类。
1.14.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇 所形成的酯类,例如,与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八碳醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊基二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一碳醇、3-硫杂十五碳醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环〔2.2.2〕辛烷、3,9-双{2-〔3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酰氧基〕-1,1-二甲基乙基}-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺〔5,5〕十一烷等所形成的酯类。
1.15.β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇形成 的酯类,例如,与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八碳醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊基二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一碳醇、3-硫杂十五碳醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环〔2.2.2〕辛烷等所形成的酯类。
1.16.3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯乙酸与一元或多元醇形成的酯类,例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八碳醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊基二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一碳醇、3-硫杂十五碳醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环〔2.2.2〕辛烷等所形成的酯类。
1.17.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁-4-羟基苯丙酰基)六亚甲基二酰胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酰基)三亚甲基二酰胺、N,N′-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酰基)肼、N,N′-双-〔2-(3-〔3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基〕丙酰氧基)乙基〕草酰胺(NaugardXL-1,由Uniroyal公司提供)。
1.18.抗坏血酸(维生素C)
1.19.胺类抗氧剂,例如N,N′-二异丙基-对苯二胺、N,N′-二仲丁基-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-甲基戊基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-二环己基对苯二胺、N,N′-二苯基-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(2-苯基)对苯二胺、N-异丙基-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基对苯二胺、N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-环己基-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、4-(对甲苯氨磺酰基)二苯基胺、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二仲丁基-对苯二胺、二苯胺、N-烯丙基苯基胺、4-异丙氧基二苯基胺、N-苯基-1-萘胺、N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺、辛基化的二苯基胺,例如p,p′-二叔辛基二苯胺、4-正丁基氨基苯酚、4-丁酰基氨基苯酚、4-壬酰基氨基苯酚、4-十二碳酰基氨基苯酚、4-十八碳酰基-氨基苯酚、双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺、2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲胺基甲基苯酚、2,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4′-二氨基-二苯基甲烷、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、1,2-双〔(2-甲基苯基)氨基〕乙烷、1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷、(邻甲苯基)双胍、双〔4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基〕胺、叔辛基化的N-苯基-1-萘胺,一和二烷基化的叔丁基/叔辛基二苯胺类的混合物,一和二烷基化的壬基二苯胺类的混合物,一和二烷基化的十二碳烷基二苯胺类的混合物,一和二烷基化的异丙基/异己基二苯胺类的混合物,一和二烷基化的叔丁基二苯胺类的混合物,2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪,吩噻嗪,一和二烷基化的叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪类的混合物,一和二烷基化的叔辛基吩噻嗪类的混合物,N-烯丙基吩噻嗪,N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基-2-丁烯。
2.紫外吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1.2-(2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑类,例如2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3′-仲丁基-5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-4′-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔戊基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-双(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧羰乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-〔2-(2-乙基己氧)羰乙基〕-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧羰乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧羰乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧羰乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-〔2-(2-乙基己氧)羰乙基〕-2′-羟基-苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-十二碳烷基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-异辛氧羰乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2,2′-亚甲基双〔4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚〕;2-〔3′-叔丁基-5′-(2-甲氧羰乙基)-2′-羟基苯基〕-2H-苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300发生酯交换反应的产物;[R-CH2CH2-COO-CH2CH2]2,其中R=3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基-5′-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基,2-〔2′-羟基-3′-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基〕苯并三唑;2-〔2′-羟基-3′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)5′-(α,α-二甲基苄基)苯基〕苯并三唑。
2.2.2-羟基二苯酮类,例如4-羟基-、4-甲氧基-、4-辛氧基-、4-癸氧基-、4-十二碳烷氧基-、4-苄氧基一、4,2′,4′-三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基的衍生物。
2.3.取代和未取代的苯甲酸的酯类,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基苯基酯、水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸辛基苯基酯、二苯甲酰基间苯二酚、双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚、苯甲酰间苯二酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六碳烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八碳烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯基酯。
2.4.丙烯酸酯类,例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯、α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛酯、α-甲氧羰基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对-甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯、α-甲氧羰基-对-甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯以及N-(β-甲氧羰基-β-氰乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
2.5.镍化合物,例如2,2′-硫代双〔4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)酚〕的镍络合物,诸如1∶1或1∶2的络合物,带有或没有其它的配体诸如正丁胺、三乙醇胺、或N-环己基二乙醇胺;二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍,单烷基酯的镍盐类例如4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸的甲酯或乙酯的镍盐;酮肟的镍络合物,例如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一碳烷基酮肟的镍络合物;1-苯基-4-月桂酰基-5-羟基吡唑的镍络合物,带有或没有其它的配体。
2.6.空间位阻的胺类,例如癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、丁二酸-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1-(2-羟乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与丁二酸的缩合产物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线型或环状的缩合产物、次氮三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1,1′-(1,2-乙烷二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂酰氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮、癸二酸双(1-辛氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、丁二酸双(1-辛氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与吗啉-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线型或环状的缩合物、2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙胺基)乙烷的缩合物、2-氯-4,6-双-(4-正丁胺基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙胺基)乙烷的缩合物、8-乙酰基-3-十二碳烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮、3-十二碳烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二碳烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六碳烷氧基和4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物、1,2-双(3-氨基丙胺基)乙烷和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及4-丁胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物(CAS登录号No.〔136504-96-6〕);1,6-己二胺和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及N,N-二丁基胺和4-丁胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物(CAS登录号No.〔192268-64-7〕);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二碳烷基丁二酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二碳烷基丁二酰亚胺、2-十一碳烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺〔4.5〕癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一碳烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺〔4.5〕癸烷和环氧氯丙烷的反应产物、1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N′-双-甲酰基-N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺、4-甲氧亚甲基丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚〔甲基丙基-3-氧-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)〕硅氧烷、马来酸酐与α-烯烃的共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
空间位阻胺也可以是被描述于以下专利中的化合物中的一种:GB-A-2,301,106中作为组分1-a)、1-b)、1-c)、1-d)、1-e)、1-f)、1-g)、1-h)、1-i)、1-j)、1-k)或1-l),特别是被列举在所说的GB-A-2,301,106中的第68至73页上的光稳定剂1-a-1、1-a-2、1-b-1、1-c-1、1-c-2、1-d-1、1-d-2、1-d-3、1-e-1、1-f-1、1-g-1、1-g-2或1-k-1。
空间位阻胺也可以是被描述于EP-A-0 782 994中的化合物中的一种,例如在该专利权利要求10或38中、或实施例1-12中或D-1至D-5的那些化合物。
2.7.在N原子上被一个羟基取代的烷氧基所取代的空间位阻胺,例如,诸如1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八碳酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十六碳酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-烃氧基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶与一个碳基的反应产物,该碳基可选自叔戊醇、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-氧代-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、癸二酸双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯、己二酸双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯、丁二酸双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯、戊二酸双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯、以及2,4-双{N-〔1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基〕-N-丁胺基}-6-(2-羟乙基氨基)-5-三嗪。
2.8.草酰胺类,例如4,4′-二辛氧基草酰苯胺、2,2′-二乙氧基草酰苯胺、2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰苯胺、2,2′-二-十二碳烷氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰苯胺、2-乙氧基-2′-乙基草酰苯胺、N,N′-双(3-二甲胺基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙基草酰苯胺、以及它与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁基草酰苯胺的混合物、邻位和对位甲氧基二取代草酰苯胺的混合物以及邻位和对位乙氧基二取代的草酰苯胺的混合物。
2.9. 2(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十二碳烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十三碳烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-〔2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基〕-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-〔2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基丙氧基苯基〕-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-〔4-(十二碳烷氧基/十三碳烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基苯基〕-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)1,3,5-三嗪、2-〔2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-十二碳烷氧基丙氧基)苯基〕-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-己氧基)苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三〔2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基〕-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-{2-羟基-4-〔3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧)-2-羟基丙氧基〕苯基}-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
3.金属去活化剂,例如N,N′-二苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰基肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰基)肼、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼、3-水杨酰胺基-1,2,4-三唑、双(西苄基)草酰基二酰肼、草酰苯胺、间苯二甲酰基二酰肼、癸二酰基双苯基酰肼、N,N′-二乙酰基己二酰基二酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰基)草酰基二酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰基)硫代丙酰基二酰肼。
4.亚磷酸酯和亚磷酸酯类,例如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三月桂基酯、亚磷酸三-十八碳烷基酯、二亚磷酸二硬脂基季戊四醇酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、二亚磷酸二异癸基季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸双(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二异癸氧基季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸双(2,4,6-三(叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯、三亚磷酸三硬脂基山梨糖醇酯、二亚膦酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)4,4′-亚联苯基酯、6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并〔d,g〕-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环辛烯、亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基酯、亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基酯、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12甲基-二苯并〔d,g〕-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环辛烯、2,2′,2″-次氮〔三乙基三(3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-1,1′-联苯-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯〕、亚磷酸2-乙基己基(3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基1,1′-联苯-2,2′-二基)酯、5-丁基-5-乙基-2-(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯氧基)-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环丙烷。
以下的亚磷酸酯是特别优选的:
亚磷酸三(2,4-三叔丁基苯基)酯(Irgafos 168(RTM),CibaSpecialty Chemicals Inc产品),亚磷酸三(壬集苯基)酯,
5.苯并呋喃酮类和吲哚满酮类,例如那些被公开于U.S.4,325,863;U.S.4,338,244;U.S.5,175,312;U.S.5,216,052;U.S.5,252,643;DE-A-4316611;DE-A-4316622;DE-A-4316876;EP-A-0589839或EP-A-0591102中的化合物,或3-〔4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)-苯基〕-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二叔丁基-3-〔4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基〕苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3′-双〔5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-〔2-羟基乙氧基〕苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮〕、5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮。
6.硫代增效剂,例如硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯或硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯。
7.过氧化物清除剂,例如β-硫代二丙酸的酯类,例如月桂基、硬脂基肉豆蔻基或十三碳烷基酯、巯基苯并咪唑、或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,二-十八碳烷基二硫化物,四(β-十二碳烷巯基)丙酸季戊四醇酯。
8.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如与碘化物和/或磷化合物以及二价锰结合在一起的铜盐。
9. 碱性共稳定剂,例如蜜胺、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、二氰二酰胺、氰脲酸三烯丙基酯、尿素衍生物、肼衍生物、胺类、聚酰胺类、聚氨基甲酸酯类、较高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、山瘈酸镁、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻醇酸钠、软脂酸钾、邻苯二酚锑或邻苯二酚锌。
10.成核剂,例如一些无机物质,诸如滑石,金属氧化物,诸如二氧化钛或氧化镁、优选碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物,诸如单或多羧酸及其盐类,例如4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸、丁二酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合化合物诸如离子共聚物(离子交联聚合物)。特别优选的是1,3:2,4-双(3′,4′-二甲基亚苄基)山梨糖醇,1,3:2,4-二(对甲基二亚苄基)山梨糖醇和1,3:2,4-二(亚苄基)山梨糖醇。
11.填充剂和增强剂,例如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻璃球、石棉、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、碳黑、石墨、木粉、面粉或其它天然产物的纤维、合成纤维等。
12.分散剂,诸如聚环氧乙烷蜡或矿物油
13.其它添加剂,例如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、染料、流变学添加剂、催化剂、流量控制剂、荧光增白剂、增滑剂、交联剂、交联促进剂、卤素清除剂、烟抑制剂、防火剂、抗静电剂、澄清剂诸如取代和未取代的双亚苄基山梨糖醇、苯并噁嗪酮紫外吸收剂诸如2,2′-对亚苯基-双(3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮)、Cyasorb 3638(RTM)(CAS# 18600-59-4)、以及发泡剂。
也考虑本发明的聚酯或聚酰胺组合物,可以进一步地在其熔融加工期间,通过在其中加入以下化合物来使之对形成醛类污染物稳定化,这些化合物有聚(乙烯醇)乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物、多元醇类、聚丙烯酰胺、聚甲基丙烯酰胺或一种丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺与至少一种烯属不饱和共聚单体形成的共聚物。
因此,本发明也有关一种聚酯或聚酰胺组合物,在所说的组合物的熔融加工期间对形成醛类污染物具有稳定化作用,它包含:
(a)一种聚酯或聚酰胺,和
(b)有效稳定量的至少一种选自下列的化合物:
i)羟胺稳定剂,
ii)取代的羟胺稳定剂,
iii)硝酮稳定剂,
iv)胺氧化物稳定剂;以及可选择
(c)一种有效稳定量的聚合物,它是聚(乙烯醇)或一种乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物;以及可选择
(d)一种有效稳定量的具有式子E-(OH)n的多元醇,其中n值是2至4000,E是一个烃基部份;以及可选择
(e)一种有效稳定量的聚合物,它是聚丙烯酰胺、聚甲基丙烯酰胺或一种丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺与至少一种烯属不饱和共聚单体所形成的共聚物。
按照本发明,一个烃基部份是例如一个脂肪族、环状脂肪族、芳香族或一个单糖、双糖或多糖部份。
为E定义的烃基部份可以被杂原子、例如被-O-所间断。
组份(d)的多元醇可以是例如,甘油-1,2,3-丁三醇、1,2,4-丁三醇、赤藓醇、核糖醇、木糖醇、卫矛醇、山梨糖醇、1,2,3-环己三醇、肌醇、葡萄糖、米乳糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸、木糖、葡糖胺、半乳糖胺、1,1,2,2-四羟甲基环己烷、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、1,1,2-三羟甲基丙烷、1,1,1-三羟甲基丁烷、1,1,2-三羟甲基丁烷、1,1,1-三羟甲基戊烷、1,1,2-三羟甲基戊烷、1,2,2-三羟甲基戊烷、三羟甲基戊烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、1,1,3,3-四羟基丙烷、1,1,5,5-四羟基戊烷、2,2,6,6-四(羟甲基)环己烷和2,2,6,6-四(羟甲基)环己醇。
特别感兴趣的有三羟甲基戊烷、季戊四醇或二季戊四醇。
多元醇也可以是例如淀粉、纤维素或一种糖或糖醇。
多元醇包括降解的淀粉(糊精和环糊精)、麦芽糖及其衍生物、麦芽糖醇、麦芽戊糖水合物、麦芽庚糖、麦芽丁糖、麦芽寡糖一水合物、D,L-葡萄糖、右旋糖、蔗糖和D-甘露糖醇。
商品多元醇包括三羟甲基丙烷,三羟乙基丙烷、甘油、山梨糖醇和季戊四醇。
基于(a)和(c)的总重量计,组分(a)的聚酯或聚酰胺占95-99.99重量%,组分(c)的高聚物占5至0.01重量%。
例如,组分(a)的聚酯或聚酰胺基于组分(a)和(c)的总重量计占99.925-99.995重量%,组分(c)占0.075至0.005重量%。
基于(a)和(d)的总重量计,组分(a)的聚酯或聚酰胺占95-99.99重量%,组分(d)的多元醇占5至0.01重量%。
例如,组分(a)占(a)和(d)总重量的98-99.99重量%,组分(d)占2至0.01重量%;又例如组分(a)占(a)和(d)总重量的99至99.97重量%,组分(d)占1至0.03重量%。
基于(a)和(e)的总重量计,组分(a)的聚酯或聚酰胺占95-99.99重量%,组分(e)的高聚物占5至0.01重量%。
也已发现一些颜料和/或染料或其它着色剂,在本发明组合物中可以防止稳定化的聚酯和聚酰胺组合物的泛黄。
因此,本发明也有关一种组合物,在所说的组合物熔融加工期间对形成醛类污染物是稳定的,并且不会泛黄,它包括
(a)一种聚酯或聚酰胺,
(b)有效稳定量的至少一种选自下列的化合物:
i)羟胺稳定剂,
ii)取代的羟胺稳定剂,
iii)硝酮稳定剂,
iv)胺氧化物稳定剂,以及
(c)一种或多种选自颜料或染料的着色剂。
合适的颜料或染料可以是有机或无机的。例如钴盐、群青蓝、高聚物可溶性蓝色染料、酞菁蓝铜盐等是合适的。钴盐可以是例如铝酸钴、醋酸钴、硬脂酸钴、和辛酸钴。合适的颜料有例如红色、蓝色和紫色的有机颜料。例如二酮吡咯并吡咯颜料、喹吖啶酮、偶氮缩合产物、葸醌、依地酸钙哌嗪酮(perinone)、铬络合物、苯并咪唑酮、氨基葸醌、萘酚染料、阴丹酮、咔唑二
嗪和硇类都是合适的。合适的颜料和染料包括Ciba Cromophtal Violet B和Vielet GT(RTM)(二嗪类)、Pigment Violet23和37、Disperse Violet57、Solvent Violet13、Ciba Oracet Violet TR(RTM)、Ciba Oracet Violet B(RTM)以及Bayer Macrolex Violet B Gran(RTM)(葸酮类染料)、PV-19、Cromophtal Violet R RT-891-D(RTM)Cromophtal Red 2020(RTM)、Monastral Red Y RT-759(RTM)、Menastral Red B RT-790-D(RTM)、PR-202(RTM)、Monastral Magenta RT-235-D(RTM)和Monastral Red B RT 195-D(RTM),所有这些都是喹吖啶酮类颜料。SV-46(RTM)、Filamid Violet RB(RTM)(1∶2铬络合物染料)、和SB-132(RTM)、Filamid Blue R(RTM)(蒽醌染料)也是合适的。其它着色剂包括PR-177(RTM)、CormphtalRed A3B(RTM)(蒽醌染料)、PR-264(RTM)、Irgazin DPP、Rubine TR(RTM)、(二酮吡咯并吡咯颜料)、SR-135(RTM)、Oracet Red G(RTM)依地酸钙哌嗪酮、PB 15:3(RTM)、CormphtalBlue 4GNP(RTM)、Cromphtal Blue LGLD(RTM),PB 15∶1(RTM)、Irgalite Blue BSP(RTM)、PB-60(RTM)、Cromphtal Bule A3R(RTM)(阴丹酮染料)、SB-67(RTM)以及Ciba Oracet Blue G(RTM)。
以下的实施例只是为了说明的目的,而不是想要以任何方式来限制本发明的范围。
一般说明-PET瓶级小丸被置于挤出配混处理,用来模拟当把PET热注模到瓶预型坯中并随后伸展-吹制塑模成瓶子过程中PET经受的受热经历。用来降低乙醛形成而加入的添加剂的效率,是采用已公布的方法之后,用热脱附GC-MS或GC-FID方法做定量分析来测定的。每天挤压未经稳定化的PET来提供测量乙醛形成的对照用高聚物。
挤压-把PET在大约70℃的炉温和在氮气下,在真空中预先干燥到其湿气含量约30ppm,这可用一台Mitsubish:VA-06型湿度计来证实。一台Leistritz 18毫米或27毫米同向旋转-非啮合双螺杆挤出机被调整到以下条件:设定温度=入口(220-230℃)、工作区域及模具(270℃)、实际压出物熔融温度为275-280℃,螺杆转速100-110rpm、料斗给料机=10-15rpm。
PET小丸颜色-用一台DCI分光光度计,用ASTMD1925,特别包括D65 10degm,对PET小丸测量具黄度指数(YI)以及L*、a*、b*值。
乙醛分析-PET中乙醛的浓度是用热脱附GC-MS方法作定量测定的,该法来自Nijassen等人,Package Technology and Science,
9,175(1996);S.Yong Lee,SPE ANTEC 1997,第857-861页;以及M.Dong等人,J.Chromatographic Science,
18,242(1980)。一个一般的实例描述如下:
PET试样被分析两次,每次把250毫克粉碎的PET小丸(低温粉碎)称量到一只5毫升卷边密封的顶空小管形瓶中。在一台Tekmar 5000型静止的顶空分析仪中,把装有试样的管形瓶在120℃加热一小时。然后经加热的转移管线把顶空部分的气体(5毫升)转移到FisonsMD-800 GC-MS体系中做乙醛的SJR检测。乙醛是通过监测其m/e值为29和44的碎片离子峰来检测的。在4-8分钟的保留时间区域内也监测GC-MS的总离子流(TIC)。通过这样做试样中存在的乙醛即可被三种不同的检测器所证实。另外,装备有火焰离子检测器(FID)的GC可被用来代替GC-MS体系。通过用已知其乙醛含量值的PET,对已知的PET树脂和实验的PET树脂掺合物的乙醛峰面积的比率进行比较即可获得实验的PET掺合物中乙醛的量。
实施例1:聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)(PET)的稳定化
用未经稳定化的商品PET〔Shell公司的CLEARTUF 7207(RTM)〕作为对照用的PET。当PET挤出配混时,在用本发明添加剂稳定化的试样中可观察到比未经稳定化的PET明显降低的乙醛(AA)量。AA减少的%是比对照样品中AA量减少的百分数,它们都是用GC-FID测量的。添加剂浓度是基于PET的百万份中的份数(ppm)。结果总结于表1中。
表1:
配方 | 添加剂 | 添加剂浓度(ppm) | 乙醛降低% | GC-FID检测的平均乙醛ppm |
对照物 | - | - | - | 3.2 |
A | 硝酮 | 1500 | 47 | 1.7 |
B | 硝酮 | 5000 | 56 | 1.4 |
C | 硝酮 | 15000 | 44 | 1.8 |
D | 羟胺-A | 1500 | 53 | 1.5 |
E | 羟胺-A | 5000 | 69 | 1.0 |
F | 羟胺-A | 15000 | 62 | 1.2 |
表中“羟胺-A”是按U.S.4,876,300的实施例9制备的N,N-二-(氢化牛脂基)羟胺。“Nitrone”是相应的硝酮,即主要是N-十八碳烷基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮。
从表1中可以看出,本发明的添加剂使得相对于对照的PET而言,有明显的乙醛量的降低。
实施例2:聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)(PET)的稳定化
把未经稳定化的商品PET〔Shell公司的CLEARTUF 7207(RTM),经分析检验接受其AA含量为1.4ppm〕用作对照PET。在单一挤压热经历中,未经稳定化的PET中乙醛(AA)含量增加到平均3.0ppm,表明在加热熔融加工中PET产生了不希望有的AA。当PET挤出配混时,在用本发明的添加剂稳定化的试样中可观察到比未经稳定化的PET有明显的乙醛(AA)量的降低。AA降低的%是比对照样品中AA量降低的百分数,它们都是用GC-FlD测量的。添加剂浓度是基于PET的百万份中的份数(ppm),结果总结于表2中。
表2:
配方 | 添加剂 | 添加剂浓度(ppm) | 乙醛降低的% | GC-FID检测的平均乙醛ppm |
对照物 | - | - | - | 3.0 |
G | 硝酮 | 500 | 24 | 2.3 |
H | 硝酮 | 1500 | 51 | 1.5 |
I | 硝酮 | 5000 | 57 | 1.3 |
J | 羟胺-A | 500 | 29 | 2.1 |
K | 羟胺-A | 1500 | 35 | 1.9 |
L | 羟胺-A | 5000 | 64 | 1.1 |
M | DBHA | 500 | 12 | 2.6 |
N | DBHA | 1500 | 30 | 2.1 |
O | DBHA | 5000 | 38 | 1.9 |
表中“羟胺-A”是按U.S.4,876,300的实施例9制备的N,N-二-(氢化牛脂基)羟胺。“Nitrone”是相应的硝酮,即主要是N-十八碳烷基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮。“DBHA”是Aldrich Chemical Co.出售的含量98+%的二苄基羟胺。
从表2中可以看出本发明的添加剂使相对于对照的PET而言有明显的乙醛量的降低。
实施例3:聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)(PET)的稳定化
把未经稳定的商品PET〔Shell出售的CLEARTUF 8006(RTM)用作对照的PET。当PET被挤出配混时,在用本发明添加剂稳定化的试样中可观察到比未经稳定化的PET明显降低的乙醛(AA)量。AA降低的%是比对照样品中AA量降低的百分数,它们都是用GC-FID测量的。添加剂浓度是基于PET的百万份中的份数(ppm)。结果总结于表3中。
表3:
配方 | 添加剂 | 添加剂浓度(ppm) | 乙醛降低的% | GC-FID检测的平均乙醛浓度ppm |
对照物 | - | - | - | 4.2 |
P | 羟胺-A | 500 | 30 | 3.0 |
Q | 羟胺-A | 2500 | 63 | 1.6 |
R | 羟胺-B | 500 | 21 | 3.3 |
S | 羟胺-B | 2500 | 63 | 1.6 |
T | 胺氧化物 | 500 | 32 | 2.9 |
U | 胺氧化物 | 2500 | 52 | 2.0 |
表中“羟胺-A”是按U.S.4,876,300的实施例9制备的N,N-二-(氢化牛脂基)羟胺。“羟胺-B”是N,N-二-(氢化牛脂基)羟胺的商品试样,即Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp出售的Irgastab FS-042(RTM),CAS# 143925-92-2。“胺氧化物”是Genox EP(RTM),一种二(C16-C18)烷基甲胺氧化物,CAS# 204933-93-7,为GEChemicals的产品。
从表3中可以看出本发明的添加剂使相对于对照的PET而言有明显的乙醛量的降低。
实施例4:聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)(PET)的稳定化
把未经稳定的商品PET〔Shell出售的CLEARTUF 8006(RTM)用作对照的PET,当PET被挤出配混时,在用本发明添加剂稳定化的试样中可观察到比未经稳定化的PET明显降低的乙醛(AA)量。AA降低的%是比对照样品中AA量降低的百分数,它们都是用GC-FID测量的。添加剂浓度是基于PET的百万份中的份数(ppm)。结果总结于表4中。
表4:
配方 | 添加剂 | 添加剂浓度(ppm) | 乙醛降低的% | GC-FID检测的平均乙醛浓度(ppm) |
对照物 | - | - | - | 3.2 |
V | 乙酰氧基胺 | 1500 | 30 | 2.2 |
W | 乙酰氧基胺 | 5000 | 61 | 1.2 |
表中“乙酰氧胺”是N,N-二-(氢化牛脂基)乙酰氧胺,是从实施例1中的羟胺-A和醋酸酐制备的。
从表4中可以看出本发明的乙酰氧胺使相对于对照的PET而言有明显的乙醛量的降低。
实施例5:聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)PET的稳定化
通过挤出配混0.25重量%的羟胺-B〔即N,N-二-(氢化牛脂基)羟胺,Irgastab FS 402(RTM),Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.出售〕到PET中而制备出一种碱性PET树脂。这种基底PET树脂被重新干燥,并且下面表5中的配方是通过挤出配混PET着色浓缩物和基底PET树脂来制备的。配好的产物经重新干燥并注模到60密尔的盘中,颜色数据是在DCI比色计上以透射方式获得的。把含有0.25%Irgastab FS-402(RTM)的PET基底树脂的色度值(b*值=10.83)与着色的配方进行比较指出,在本发明对乙醛形成稳定化后的组合物中泛黄作用明显地被阻止。Oracet Violet TR(染料)是蒽醌类。Cromophtal Blue 4GNP是酞菁类。
表5:
配方 | 着色剂 | 着色剂浓度(ppm) | L* | A* | b* | 校正后的YI值 |
对照物 | - | - | 93.9 | -1.51 | 10.83 | 14.4 |
75 | Violet TR | 1 | 94.7 | -1.30 | 7.02 | 8.74 |
76 | Violet TR | 2 | 94.2 | -1.30 | 6.90 | 8.59 |
77 | Violet TR | 4 | 93.3 | -1.26 | 6.03 | 7.23 |
78 | Violet TR | 5 | 92.0 | -1.75 | 6.81 | 83.1 |
79 | Violet TR | 10 | 91.5 | -1.56 | 4.14 | 3.86 |
80 | Crom.Blue 4GNP | 1 | 94.1 | -2.91 | 6.55 | 6.78 |
81 | Crom.Blue 4GNP | 5 | 91.7 | -1.65 | 5.47 | 6.09 |
82 | Crom.Blue 4GNP | 10 | 92.9 | -7.14 | 5.45 | 1.80 |
83 | Violet TRCorm.Bule 4GNP | 11 | 94.4 | -1.90 | 6.84 | 8.01 |
实施例6:
通过像实施例1-5那样与添加剂熔融挤压制备了聚酰胺4;6,6;6;12;和6,4的模塑制品、纤维和膜以及PET纤维和膜。从中可观察到乙醛污染物的明显减少。
实施例7:
重复实施例1-6并进一步在本发明配方中包含二聚季戊四醇。得到了优良的结果。
Claims (16)
1.一种在(a)聚酯或聚酰胺熔融加工期间防止形成醛类污染物的方法,它包括往所述聚酯或聚酰胺中加入(b)一种选自以下的化合物:
i)羟胺稳定剂,
ii)O-取代的羟胺稳定剂,
iii)硝酮稳定剂,和
iv)胺氧化物稳定剂。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中基于(a)和(b)的总重量计,组分(a)的聚酯或聚酰胺含量为95-99.99重量%,组分(b)的稳定剂的含量总计占5至0.01重量%。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中组分(a)的聚酯是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)PET或聚(2,6-萘-2,6-二羧酸乙二酯)。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中组分i)的羟胺稳定剂是具有下式(I)的化合物:
其中T1是含1至36个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基、含5至12个碳原子的环烷基、含7至9个碳原子的芳烷基,或所说的芳烷基被一个或两个含有1至12个碳原子的烷基或被一个或两个卤原子所取代;
T2是氢,或独立地具有与T1相同的意义;或者组分i)的羟胺稳定剂是含有一个或多个具有下式(II)基团的化合物:
其中T是一个形成五或六元环的基团;以及
R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地是氢、含1至4个碳原子的烷基或苯基。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中组分i)的羟胺稳定剂是选自N,N-二苄基羟胺、N,N-二乙基羟胺、N,N-二辛基羟胺、N,N-二月桂基羟胺、N,N-二-十二碳烷基羟胺、N,N-二-十四碳烷基羟胺、N,N-二-十六碳烷基羟胺、N,N-二-十八碳烷基羟胺、N-十六碳烷基-N-十四碳烷基羟胺、N-十六碳烷基-N-十七碳烷基羟胺、N-十六碳烷基-N-十八碳烷基羟胺、N-十七碳烷基-N-十八碳烷基羟胺、N-甲基-N-十八碳烷基羟胺和N,N-二(氢化牛脂基)羟胺。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中的组分i)是N,N-二(烷基)羟胺,它是由N,N-二(氢化牛脂基)胺经直接氧化而产生的。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中组分ii)是O-烯丙基-N,N-二-十八碳烷基羟胺或O-正丙基-N,N-二-十八碳烷基羟胺或N,N-二(氢化牛脂基)乙酰氧胺。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中组分iii)的硝酮稳定剂是选自N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十一碳烷基硝酮、N-十四碳烷基-α-十三碳烷基硝酮、N-十六碳烷基-α-十五碳烷基硝酮、N-十八碳烷基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮、N-十六碳烷基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮、N-十八碳烷基-α-十五碳烷基硝酮、N-十七碳烷基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮、N-十八碳烷基-α-十六碳烷基硝酮、N-甲基-α-十七碳烷基硝酮、以及由N,N-二(氧化牛脂基)羟胺所衍生的硝酮。
11.权利要求1的方法,其中组分iv)的胺氧化物稳定剂是具有下式(VI)的化合物:
其中G1和G2各自独立地是含有6至36个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基、含6至12个碳原子的芳基、含7至36个碳原子的芳烷基、含7至36个碳原子的烷芳基、含5至36个碳原子的环烷基、含6至36个碳原子的烷基环烷基、或含6至36个碳原子的环烷基烷基;
G3是含有1至36个碳原子的直链或叉链烷基、含6至12个碳原子的芳基、含7至36个碳原子的芳烷基、含7至36个碳原子的烷芳基、含5至36个碳原子的环烷基、含6至36个碳原子的烷基环烷基、或含6至36个碳原子的环烷基烷基;前提条件是G1、G2和G3中至少有一个包含一个β碳-氢键;并且其中所说的芳基可以被一至三个卤原子、含1至8个碳原子的烷基、含1至8个碳原子的烷氧基或它们的组合所取代;其中所说的烷基、芳烷基、烷芳基、环烷基、烷基环烷基和环烷基烷基可以被一至十六个-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CO-、-NG4-、-CONG4-和-NG4CO-基所隔断,或者其中所说的烷基、芳烷基、烷芳基、环烷基、烷基环烷基、环烷基烷基可以被一至十六个选自-OG4、-SG4、-COOG4、-O-COG4、-COG4、-N(G4)2、-CON(G4)2、-NG4COG4以及含有-C(CH3)(CH2RX)NL(CH2RX)(CH3)C-基团的五元和六元环的基团所取代,或者其中所说的烷基、芳烷基、烷芳基、环烷基、烷基环烷基、和环烷基烷基同时被上述基团隔断和取代;
其中G4独立地是氢或含有1至8个碳原子的烷基;
RX是氢或甲基;
L是氢、羟基、C1-30直链或叉链的烷基部分、-C(O)R部分,其中R是一个C1-30直链或叉链的烷基、或一个-ORy部分,Ry是C1-30直链或叉链烷基、C2-C30烯基、C2-C30炔基、C5-C12环烷基、C6-C10双环烷基、C5-C8环烯基、C6-C10芳基、C7-C9芳烷基、被烷基或芳基或-CO(D)所取代的C7-C9芳烷基,其中D是C1-C18烷基、C1-C18烷氧基、苯基、被羟基、烷基或烷氧基所取代的苯基、或氨基、或被烷基或苯基一取代或二取代的氨基。
12.权利要求1的方法,供选择地包括:
(c)一种聚合物,它是聚(乙烯醇)或乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物;以及供选择地,
(d)具有通式E-(OH)n的多元醇,其中n值为2至4,000,E是烃基部分;以及供选择地
(e)聚合物,它是聚丙烯酰胺、聚甲基丙烯酰胺、或一种丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺与至少一个烯属不饱和共聚单体所形成的共聚体。
13.权利要求1的方法,它另外包含(c)一种或多种选自颜料和染料的着色剂。
14.权利要求1的方法,其中所述聚酯或聚酰胺用于制造一种单层或多层的塑料容器或塑料膜。
15.权利要求1的方法,其中所述聚酯或聚酰胺用于制造刚性的瓶。
16.权利要求1中的组分(b)在聚酯或聚酰胺的熔融加工期间防止形成醛类污染物方面的应用。
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-
2001
- 2001-12-21 US US10/026,263 patent/US20020198297A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-02-21 DE DE60205048T patent/DE60205048T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-21 EP EP02405128A patent/EP1239006B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-21 AT AT02405128T patent/ATE299910T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-21 ES ES02405128T patent/ES2246007T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-27 MX MXPA02002075A patent/MXPA02002075A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-02-27 TW TW091103546A patent/TWI301496B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-28 KR KR1020020010785A patent/KR100839051B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-28 AR ARP020100727A patent/AR032919A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-02-28 AU AU18735/02A patent/AU784841B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-02-28 CA CA2373907A patent/CA2373907C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-04 JP JP2002057648A patent/JP3962831B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-04 BR BR0200925-0A patent/BR0200925A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-04 CN CNB02106735XA patent/CN1223634C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-08-25 SA SA03240253A patent/SA03240253A/ar unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MXPA02002075A (es) | 2004-07-30 |
JP2002332395A (ja) | 2002-11-22 |
CN1375522A (zh) | 2002-10-23 |
SA03240253A (ar) | 2005-12-03 |
TWI301496B (en) | 2008-10-01 |
KR100839051B1 (ko) | 2008-06-18 |
EP1239006A1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
US20020198297A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
AU1873502A (en) | 2002-09-05 |
JP3962831B2 (ja) | 2007-08-22 |
CA2373907A1 (en) | 2002-09-02 |
ATE299910T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
CA2373907C (en) | 2010-06-15 |
AR032919A1 (es) | 2003-12-03 |
AU784841B2 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
DE60205048T2 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
DE60205048D1 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
KR20020070852A (ko) | 2002-09-11 |
ES2246007T3 (es) | 2006-02-01 |
BR0200925A (pt) | 2002-11-05 |
EP1239006B1 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
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