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CN1204976A - 用于切削加工的刀具 - Google Patents

用于切削加工的刀具 Download PDF

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CN1204976A
CN1204976A CN97191245A CN97191245A CN1204976A CN 1204976 A CN1204976 A CN 1204976A CN 97191245 A CN97191245 A CN 97191245A CN 97191245 A CN97191245 A CN 97191245A CN 1204976 A CN1204976 A CN 1204976A
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cutting tip
targeting part
projection
recess
cutter
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CN1086619C (zh
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马蒂亚斯·贝里隆德
弗雷德里克·伦德贝里
英厄拉·斯文松
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Seco Tools AB
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00Tools for drilling machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/02Twist drills
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2205/00Fixation of cutting inserts in holders
    • B23B2205/02Fixation using an elastically deformable clamping member
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2250/00Compensating adverse effects during turning, boring or drilling
    • B23B2250/12Cooling and lubrication
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/02Connections between shanks and removable cutting heads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/14Configuration of the cutting part, i.e. the main cutting edges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/50Drilling tools comprising cutting inserts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/03Processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/78Tool of specific diverse material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89Tool or Tool with support
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/907Tool or Tool with support including detailed shank
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/909Having peripherally spaced cutting edges
    • Y10T408/9095Having peripherally spaced cutting edges with axially extending relief channel
    • Y10T408/9097Spiral channel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/909Having peripherally spaced cutting edges
    • Y10T408/9098Having peripherally spaced cutting edges with means to retain Tool to support

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于切削加工的刀具和切削部分。这种刀具在操作中最好沿其纵向中心轴线旋转。这种刀具包括导向部分(12)和切削部分(11)。导向部分有一前端面(24),切削部分有一支撑面(16),二表面以可分式互相抵靠。前端面和支撑面包括配合凸块(60)和凹口(50)。二者通过卡口式连接以传递加工过程中产生的切削力。本发明也涉及一导向部分和一切削部分,以及将切削部分安装在导向部分上的方法。

Description

用于切削加工的刀具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于旋转切削加工的刀具,其中包括刀具的导向部分和切削部分。导向部分有一个前端面,切削部分有一个支撑面,在一个基本上为径向的平面里,前端面与支撑面以可分离的方式相互抵靠。导向部分和切削部分包括彼此配合而将二者固定的装置。本发明还涉及切削部分和导向部分,以及将切削部分安装在导向部分上的一种方法。
现有技术
大家已经知道,在各种不同的加工切削刀具中,尤其是在切削金属工件的切削加工的刀具中使用可互换刀刃。但是,这项技术在运用到绕纵轴旋转的铣刀和钻刀时,由于操作的原因使其实际应用受到限制。
通过DE-PS-367,010和US-A-2,259,611,大家已经知道在钻床中使用可锁固钻头,其中钻头分别以燕尾型和压配合来紧固。但是,由于其扭矩传递能力差和安装拆卸不方便等缺点,削弱了这种已知刀具的使用。
本发明的目的之一是为可互换刀刃的铣刀和钻刀提供一种设计,其中该设计消除了已有技术中的问题。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种刚性连接的刀具,尤其是钻刀和铣刀,其中,切削部分与导向部分通过卡口式连接而配合。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种刚性连接的刀具,尤其是钻刀和铣刀,其中,切削部分能够用来容易地更换,从而避免了费时的拧紧或焊接。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种切削部分自动对中的刀具。
以上这些目的和其它目的已经由一种刀具和钻头来实现,比如参考附图在后附的权利要求书中所限定的刀具和钻头就是如此。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一种钻刀的分解图。
图2是根据本发明的切削部分的底视图。
图3为图2中沿Ⅲ-Ⅲ线的剖面的切削部分的侧视图。
图3 A为切削部分的仰视立体图。
图4为根据本发明的导向部分的前端面的俯视图。
图5为沿图4中Ⅵ-Ⅵ线所取的剖面的钻杆的侧视图。
图6、7和图8为这种刀具的一种卡口式配合的剖面图。
图9是根据图1的刀具的部分放大图。
本发明的详细描述
根据本发明的刀具10的实施例,如图1中所示,又称为螺旋钻刀,它包含切削部分或钻头11和导向部分12,该钻刀有一个旋转方向R。
在钻头11的远离导向部分12的前端至少有一个刀刃19,根据不同的应用领域,刀头的设计也不同。
钻头11由硬质材料制成,优选为硬质合金,而且最好是注入成型的硬质合金,钻头11上有两个主后刀面15、一个支撑面16以及连接二者的第一弯曲表面41和第二弯曲表面13。所有这些表面和与之相关联的刀刃都与钻头成为一体,因而以同一种材料制成,就是说,优选为注入成型的硬质合金。第二弯曲表面或排屑面18与主后刀面15的交线形成第一切削刃19,其上最好有强化槽,这一点图中没有显示。第一弯曲表面41和排屑面18的交线形成第二切削刃。对于具有直的排屑面的导向部分,钻头的排屑面可以相应调整。排屑面之间的径向外表部分由突出的棱面41组成,每个棱面的周向尺寸为G。钻头的最大直径是第二切削刃刃径向极点之间的距离。钻头的高度基本上等于钻头的最大直径,以便使钻头与导向部分的结合面由于切屑所导致的磨损量最小。冲洗孔23基本上平行于转轴线22,从支撑面16穿过钻头到达相应的主后刀面15的孔口处。
按照图2、3和图3A,支撑面16基本上是一个平面,但包含一个凹口50,凹口位于支撑面16与每个棱面41的套面之间的转折处。每个凹口50包括与套面垂直相连的第一自由表面51,它与第二自由表面52垂直相连,第二自由表面52又与图6中的第一导引表面53形成锐角α,见图6,第一导引表面53与平行于回转轴线22的第二导引表面54相接,第二导引表面54通过一个倒圆或导入斜面55与支撑面16相连。图3A中的凹口50有一个止推面56,它平行于回转轴线22,并且恰当地处在与该回转轴线相交的轴向平面内。凹口50沿切线方向从排屑面18延伸至相关的棱面41的切线长度L的大约一半的位置。
这种刀具的导向部分由杨氏模量低于硬质合金的材料制成。导向部分有螺旋形的排屑面18或者直的排屑面,这些排屑面能够延长至整个导向部分或其中的一部分。导向部分12在面向钻头11的一端有一个前端面24,该前端面24可与钻头11的支撑面16相抵靠,支撑面的最大直径大于前端面的最大直径,以便使钻头与导向部分之间的结合面由于切屑所致的磨损量最小。前端面24基本上是一个平面,但包含一个突块60,其位置处在前端面与每个棱面41的套面之间的过渡处。凸块高度比凹口50的深度略小。每个凸块60包含与该套面垂直相连的第一自由表面61,该表面与第二自由表面62垂直相连,第二自由表示62又与第一导引表面63形成尖角π,第一导引表面63与平行于回转轴线22的第二导引表面64相连,第二导引表面64通过一个倒圆65与前端面相连。凸块60有一个止推面66,如图9所示,它平行于轴线22,且适当地处在与该轴线相交的轴向平面里。前端面的最小直径小于钻头的最大直径,但大于钻头的最小直径。凸块60沿切线方向从排屑槽18延伸至相关棱面41切线长度G的大约一半的位置。
止推面56和66各自应尽可能远离回转轴线以获得最佳的动量传递,也就是说,它们沿直径方向相对设置。钻头必须对称成型,以便在应力变化的条件下保持刀具对中,也就是说,以便保持钻头相对于导向部分对中。凸块60和凹口50沿刀具的旋转方向R与相联的刀刃19保持一定距离,并且基本上处在相联刀刃19的后部。
钻头11安装在导向部分12上的方法如下:钻头11向着导向部分12的方向引入,以便每个凸块60进入相关的排屑槽,并且支撑面16与前端面24相抵靠;然后,在小于360°、最好是小于60°的角度φ以内,沿方向R相对于导向部分旋转钻头,以便使凸块以滑动配合进入凹口,直到止推面56和66相互抵靠为止。现在,钻头11以令人满意的方式固定在导向部分12上面。这样,预制的排屑槽18的空间用来作为这种卡口式配合的进口和出口。
当更换钻头11时,安装步骤反过来即可。然后从导向部分12上取出钻头11并进行更换,最好借助于一种与钻头上的排屑槽啮合的适当的键,在安装时,最好也使用该键与键的夹具。
在钻削过程中必须啮合的表面是53和63以及支撑面16和前端面24。表面53和63相配合以保持钻头沿进给方向不松动,比如在退刀时不松动。表面53和63最好设计成这样,使它们的配合由于滑动装配让凸块60产生某种挠变。表面54和64可允许存在有限的接触,这种接触意味着在倒圆65处力矩增加。钻头在导向部分中自动对中,也就是说,如果在加工操作中发生错位,钻头将移动使其轴线与回转轴线22重合。表面55将允许导向部分有一个相对大的倒圆角65。表面52和62在切削操作中不应相互接触,这一点是通过使表面53延伸来实现的。间隙表面51和61在切削操作中不应接触,这样在二表面之间经常存在一个间隔P,间隔P为0.1mm-1.0mm。支撑面16在切削操作中由于进给力的作用压迫前端面24,这意味着凸块的塑性挠变趋于某些减少,但是由于进给口压迫前端面24使凸块沿径向向内弯曲,因而又抵消了凸块的塑性挠变的减小程度。
本发明也可用于铣刀,最好在其钻头上形成一层比如Al2O3、TiN和/或TiCN的层。在某些应用场合,人们往往在其刀刃上形成一层超硬质材料如CBN或PCD。另外,陶瓷材料可用在注入成型的钻头上。
本发明绝不限于上述实施例,而可在所附的权利要求的范围内作出任意变化。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于金属工件的旋转切削加工刀具,包括导向部分(12)和切削部分(11),其中导向部分有一个刀柄部分(40)、一个前端面(24)和排屑槽(18),切削部分有一个支撑面(16),它与前端面(24)形成可分式抵靠连接,其中,导向部分和切削部分包括相互配合以将该二部分固定在一起的装置,其特征在于,这种装置包括相配合的凸块(60)和凹口(50),在将切削部分安装在导向部分上的过程中,使凸块和凹口彼此相对旋转,以形成卡口式连接,该旋转在一个角度范围(φ)内进行,并且,排屑槽(18)的预制的空间作为卡口式连接的进口和出口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的刀具,其特征在于,提供与切削部分和导向部分边缘相接的配合凸块(60)和凹口(50),旋转角(φ)小于360°,最好小于60°。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的刀具,其特征在于,配合凸块(60)和凹口(50)包括相对于刀具的回转轴线(22)成一定角度的表面(53,63),该表面可吸收沿刀具进给方向的向前的推力。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的刀具,其特征在于,导向部分(12)的杨氏模量小于切削部分(11)的杨氏模量,以便在安装和加工过程中凸块(60)沿刀具径向能够产生塑性弯曲;凸块(60)和凹口(50)沿刀具旋转方向(R)与相关的刀刃(19)保有一定距离且基本上处在相关刀刃(19)的后部。
5.根据以上权利要求中任何一项所述的刀具,其特征在于,凸块(60)和凹口(50)沿切线方向从排屑槽(18)延伸到相关棱面(41)切线长度(G)的大约一半的位置。
6.根据以上权利要求中任何一项所述的刀具,其特征在于,在切削部分和导向部分最外缘二表面(51,61)之间设置有一间隔(P),二表面彼此相对。
7.用于旋转排屑加工的切削部分,其中,该切削部分有一个环形的基本形状并至少有一个刀刃(19);刀刃(19)与切削部分(11)成一体,切削部分(11)有一支撑面(16),支撑面处在远离刀刃(19)的一端,该切削部分至少包括一个排屑槽(18);其特征在于,切削部分的支撑面(16)包含形成卡口式连接的一部分的装置(50),该卡口式连接能够在一定的角度范围(φ)内旋转,并且该装置从排屑槽(18)沿切线方向延伸。
8.根据权利要求7所述的切削部分,其特征在于,该装置由凸块(60)或凹口(50)组成,凸块(60)或凹口(50)与切削部分边缘相连,沿直径方向相对设置,并且,该装置从排屑槽(18)沿切线方向延伸到相关棱面(41)切线长度(G)的大约一半的位置,角度(φ)小于360°,最好小于60°。
9.用于旋转排屑加工刀具的导向部分,包括刀柄部分(40)、排屑槽(18)和前端面(24),该导向部分有一中心轴线(22);其特征在于,导向部分的前端面(24)包括组成一部分卡口式连接的装置(60),以及该装置沿切线方向从相关的排屑槽(18)延伸。
10.根据权利要求9所述的导向部分,其特征在于,该装置由凸块(60)或凹口(50)组成,该凸块或凹口与导向部分的外缘相连,沿径向相对设置。
11.将切削部分装配到导向部分上以形成一个刀具的方法,该刀具用于旋转切削加工金属工件,该刀具包括一个导向部分(12)和一个切削部分(11),其中导向部分有一个刀柄部分(40)、一个前端面(24)和排屑槽(18);其中切削部分有一支撑面(16),该支撑面可分离地抵靠在前端面上,其中导向部分和切削部分包括彼此配合以固定该一部分的装置,其特征在于,该方法包括下列步骤:
在切削部分(11)和导向部分(12)上设置互补的凸块(60)和凹口(50);
沿朝向导向部分(12)的方向将切削部分(11)引入以便每个凸块(60)进入一相对的排屑槽(18),以使支撑面(16)抵靠于前端面(24);
相对于导向部分沿方向(R)在一定角度范围(φ)内转动切削部分(11),以便每个凸块能够滑入相关的凹口直到每对凸块和凹口的止推面(56,66)彼此抵靠为止。
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JP3875272B2 (ja) 2007-01-31
KR19990067512A (ko) 1999-08-25
EP1013367B1 (en) 2005-12-21
DE69734937T2 (de) 2006-09-07
US5971673A (en) 1999-10-26
DE69726835D1 (de) 2004-01-29
KR100522987B1 (ko) 2006-01-27
US5988953A (en) 1999-11-23
CN1086619C (zh) 2002-06-26
EP0874706A1 (en) 1998-11-04
EP1013367A2 (en) 2000-06-28
DE69734937D1 (de) 2006-01-26
EP0874706B1 (en) 2003-12-17
JP2000500076A (ja) 2000-01-11
EP1013367A3 (en) 2003-07-09
SE9603325D0 (sv) 1996-09-13
WO1998010881A1 (en) 1998-03-19
HK1017297A1 (en) 1999-11-19
DE69726835T2 (de) 2004-10-07
SE511429C2 (sv) 1999-09-27
SE9603325L (sv) 1998-03-14
US20010033780A1 (en) 2001-10-25
USRE40297E1 (en) 2008-05-06

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