CN1295664C - Apparatus and method for simultaneously measuring traffic flow and vehicle speed by using two magnetic sensors - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for simultaneously measuring traffic flow and vehicle speed by using two magnetic sensors Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及传感器技术领域，特别是一种使用两个磁传感器同时测量交通流量和车辆速度的装置和方法。装置包括；磁传感器、运算放大器、电压比较器、单片机。方法包括：测量交通流量工作模式、测量车辆速度工作模式和同时测量交通流量和车辆速度的工作模式三种模式。本发明通过磁传感器测量汽车经过时引起的磁场变化来测量汽车经过信息，统计道路交通流量。同时，它也可以通过测量汽车经过两个磁传感器时分别引起磁场变化的时间差，结合两个磁传感器之间的距离，获得车辆的行驶速度。这样的测量装置同时可以测量道路交通流量和车辆速度，而不需要使用两个测量装置。本节点装置采用低功耗元器件，并使用了一系列低功耗技术。
The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a device and method for simultaneously measuring traffic flow and vehicle speed by using two magnetic sensors. The device includes: a magnetic sensor, an operational amplifier, a voltage comparator, and a single-chip microcomputer. The method includes three modes: a working mode of measuring traffic flow, a working mode of measuring vehicle speed, and a working mode of simultaneously measuring traffic flow and vehicle speed. The invention measures the passing information of the automobile by measuring the magnetic field change caused by the passage of the automobile through the magnetic sensor, and counts the traffic flow of the road. At the same time, it can also obtain the driving speed of the vehicle by measuring the time difference of the magnetic field change caused by the car passing by the two magnetic sensors, combined with the distance between the two magnetic sensors. Such a measuring device can simultaneously measure road traffic flow and vehicle speed without using two measuring devices. The node device adopts low power consumption components and uses a series of low power consumption technologies.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor technical field, particularly a kind of apparatus and method of using two Magnetic Sensors to measure the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously.
Background technology
Along with urban construction and expanding economy, the construction of traffic infrastructure more and more can not have been satisfied the needs of Traffic Development, adopts intelligent transportation system road improvement traffic to become the developing direction of future city traffic.Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is the general name that modern communications such as comprehensive utilization traffic information system, communication network, positioning system and intelligent analysis and development of computer achievement are finished the system of urban transportation intelligent management.
Intelligent transportation system needs advanced traffic flow information harvester.The collection of China's road traffic flow motor information at present mainly is by burying telefault underground below road, detecting automobile and finish through the out-of-date changes of magnetic field information that causes.Telefault is bulky, and road pavement is destroyed seriously when burying underground, and cost is higher.At present the scheme in the research also has the method by video monitoring system Intelligent Recognition information of vehicles, but that is that all right is ripe for technology, can not be used for practical application.Using wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks) node to detect vehicle through information below highway in conjunction with Magnetic Sensor (MagneticSensor), have road pavement and destroy advantages such as little, with low cost, is the development in future direction.
Intelligent transportation system often need detect the congestion situations that road traffic flow information and average speed information are judged road simultaneously.The detection of the speed of a motor vehicle at present mainly relies on vehicle speed measuring radar or ultrasonic velocity meter to finish.These detecting instruments are not only with high costs, and all separate with the road traffic flow detector, and it is very inconvenient to gather Traffic Information.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of data acquisition node apparatus and method that can gather the road traffic flow and the speed of a motor vehicle simultaneously.
The changes of magnetic field that node apparatus of the present invention causes when using two Magnetic Sensors to detect the vehicle process, in the time interval by measuring vehicle causes changes of magnetic field through two Magnetic Sensors respectively, obtain Vehicle Speed according to the distance between two Magnetic Sensors again.Simultaneously this device adopts powered battery, uses less radio-frequency output that the data that collect are sent out, have that volume is little, road pavement destroy little, can while measuring vehicle travel speed and advantage such as road traffic flow.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides the device that a kind of two Magnetic Sensors are measured the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, this device comprises:
Be used to gather first Magnetic Sensor and second Magnetic Sensor of automobile through the out-of-date changes of magnetic field information that causes;
Be responsible for the voltage signal of first Magnetic Sensor and the generation of second Magnetic Sensor is amplified first operational amplifier and second operational amplifier of giving the processing of Chip Microcomputer A converter;
With the analog signal conversion of first operational amplifier and second operational amplifier is voltage jump, makes single-chip microcomputer can measure first voltage comparator and second voltage comparator that two Magnetic Sensors reach the time interval of same voltage;
And comprise AD converter, two Magnetic Sensors that the changes of magnetic field information that responsible collection first operational amplifier and second operational amplifier are sent here and first voltage comparator and second voltage comparator are sent here reach the time interval of same voltage, and calculate road flow motor and speed information, the information that calculates is sent to the single-chip microcomputer of radio-frequency module;
Described first Magnetic Sensor is connected with single-chip microcomputer indirectly by first operational amplifier, second Magnetic Sensor is connected with single-chip microcomputer indirectly by second operational amplifier, first operational amplifier also is connected with single-chip microcomputer indirectly by first voltage comparator, and second operational amplifier also is connected with single-chip microcomputer indirectly by second voltage comparator.
This device also comprises wireless radio frequency modules and antenna, and by radio-frequency module, flow and speed information that single-chip microcomputer is sent here go out to radio base station nodes by antenna transmission.
The present invention also provides a kind of two Magnetic Sensors to measure the method for the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, has three kinds of patterns of mode of operation of measuring magnitude of traffic flow mode of operation, measurement of vehicle speed mode of operation and measuring the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously;
In the mode of operation of measuring the magnitude of traffic flow, first Magnetic Sensor and the first operational amplifier work, second Magnetic Sensor and second operational amplifier are not worked, first Magnetic Sensor is gathered automobile through the out-of-date changes of magnetic field that causes, changes of magnetic field is converted into voltage signal amplifies the single-chip microcomputer that the back is given built in A/D converter data transfer through first operational amplifier;
In the mode of operation of measurement of vehicle speed, two Magnetic Sensors and two operational amplifiers are worked simultaneously, two Magnetic Sensors on the node are along road travel direction series arrangement, first Magnetic Sensor is preceding, second Magnetic Sensor after, the fixing distance L of being separated by, directly send in the voltage comparator through the signal after the operational amplifier amplification, compare with a reference voltage, do not send into single-chip microcomputer and carry out the AD conversion, when the voltage of operational amplifier output less than reference voltage the time, voltage comparator is output as low-voltage; When the voltage of operational amplifier output during greater than reference voltage, voltage comparator is output as high voltage;
When measuring the mode of operation of the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed at the same time, single-chip microcomputer was an one-period with per 5 minutes, the travel speed of measuring vehicle when each car process node, add 1 for simultaneously the vehicle count device, after clock time arrived in 5 minutes, the single-chip microcomputer calculating vehicle operation average velocity and the vehicle fleet size of process in these 5 minutes, then data are sent to radio base station nodes by radio-frequency module, when statistics road traffic flow, all export rising edge vehicle count device counting once with two voltage comparators once.
Single-chip microcomputer carried out an AD conversion every 1/20 second, gather the voltage signal of a Magnetic Sensor, and compare with the normal signal that does not have the automobile process with the voltage signal that collects, the conversion process of a normal signal---high voltage signal---normal signal is considered to an automobile process.
Single chip computer measurement first voltage comparator and second voltage comparator are converted into high-tension burst length difference T by low-voltage respectively, just can obtain automobile speed information according to the distance L between first Magnetic Sensor and second Magnetic Sensor divided by mistiming T again, for accurately the same position of measuring vehicle is through the time of two Magnetic Sensors, voltage comparator is compared voltage signal and same reference voltage that two operational amplifiers amplify.
The method that adopts less radio-frequency output is with the data output that collects, single-chip microcomputer will be gathered the data that obtain and give wireless radio frequency modules every 5 minutes, node sends to the radio base station nodes in roadside by wireless radio frequency mode with the data that collect, and radio base station nodes is sent to the transport information processing enter with data by wired mode again and handles.
Wireless radio frequency modules is operated on the frequency of 915MHz, and bandwidth is 38.4KHz.
A large amount of ferrous materials have generally all been used in the Hyundai Motor design.When being imbedded in sensitive Magnetic Sensor below the highway,, detected by Magnetic Sensor as long as automobile all can cause changes of magnetic field from highway top process.Modern Magnetic Sensor is generally analog sensor, can be rapidly the signal of surrounding magnetic field be converted into voltage signal, reacts very rapid.
Node apparatus of the present invention has characteristics such as volume is little, cost is low, power consumption is few.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is road traffic flow and vehicle speed measurement node apparatus block diagram.
Fig. 2 changes for voltage comparator output rising edge.
Embodiment
The voltage signal that Magnetic Sensor collects is generally all very faint, can handle after must amplifying through operational amplifier.
The whole node apparatus of measuring the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously based on two Magnetic Sensors of use has three kinds of patterns of mode of operation of measuring magnitude of traffic flow mode of operation, measurement of vehicle speed mode of operation and measuring the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously.
Among Fig. 1, in the mode of operation of measuring the magnitude of traffic flow, first Magnetic Sensor and the first operational amplifier work, second Magnetic Sensor and second operational amplifier are not worked.First Magnetic Sensor is gathered automobile through the out-of-date changes of magnetic field that causes, changes of magnetic field is converted into voltage signal amplifies the single-chip microcomputer that the back is given built in A/D converter data transfer through first operational amplifier.Single-chip microcomputer carried out an AD conversion every 1/20 second, gather the voltage signal of a Magnetic Sensor, and compared with the normal signal that does not have the automobile process with the voltage signal that collects.The conversion process of a normal signal---high voltage signal---normal signal is considered to an automobile process.
In the mode of operation of measurement of vehicle speed, two Magnetic Sensors and two operational amplifiers are worked simultaneously.Two Magnetic Sensors on the node are along road travel direction series arrangement, and first Magnetic Sensor is preceding, second Magnetic Sensor after, the fixing distance L of being separated by.The voltage signal that two Magnetic Sensors are converted to changes of magnetic field must be through handling after the operational amplifier amplification because very faint.Directly send in the voltage comparator through the signal after the operational amplifier amplification, compare, do not send into single-chip microcomputer and carry out the AD conversion with a reference voltage.When the voltage of operational amplifier output less than reference voltage the time, voltage comparator is output as low-voltage; When the voltage of operational amplifier output during greater than reference voltage, voltage comparator is output as high voltage.Single chip computer measurement first voltage comparator and second voltage comparator are converted into high-tension burst length difference T by low-voltage respectively, as shown in Figure 2.Just can obtain automobile speed information divided by the distance L between first Magnetic Sensor and second Magnetic Sensor divided by mistiming T again.For accurately the same position of measuring vehicle is through the time of two Magnetic Sensors, voltage comparator is compared voltage signal and same reference voltage that two operational amplifiers amplify.
When being operated in the mode of operation of measuring the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, single-chip microcomputer was an one-period with per 5 minutes, and the travel speed of measuring vehicle adds 1 for simultaneously the vehicle count device when each car process node.After clock time arrived in 5 minutes, the single-chip microcomputer calculating vehicle operation average velocity and the vehicle fleet size of process in these 5 minutes sent to radio base station nodes with data by radio-frequency module then.When statistics road traffic flow, all export rising edge vehicle count device counting once with two voltage comparators once.
Because this measured node device will be embedded in below the highway, measure the signal that obtains and export just very important.If take wired mode to export, need to destroy highway and bury communication line underground, big to highway damage, the construction cost height.The design has adopted the method for less radio-frequency output with the data output that collects.Single-chip microcomputer will be gathered the data that obtain and give wireless radio frequency modules every 5 minutes.Wireless radio frequency modules is operated on the frequency of 915MHz, and bandwidth is 38.4KHz.Node sends to the radio base station nodes in roadside by wireless radio frequency mode with the data that collect, and radio base station nodes is sent to the transport information processing enter with data by wired mode again and handles.
Because adopt wireless mode to send data, node does not have power lead yet, so this node apparatus has adopted powered battery.In order to save electric energy, this battery saving arrangement has adopted low power dissipation design.Node has used the ATMEL single-chip microcomputer of low-power consumption, and has carried out strict power management control.Temporary transient idle device all cuts off the power supply, and enters dormant state when single-chip microcomputer and radio-frequency module are not worked automatically.
The present invention has following feature:
1) integrated 2 Magnetic Sensors of while and single-chip microcomputer, wireless transmitter module on a node; The data that collect directly send by wireless mode after can handling through single-chip microcomputer;
2) on a node apparatus, can measure the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, not need to use respectively two apparatus measures;
3) measure the gained data and send to the radio base station nodes in roadside, do not need to destroy large stretch of highway and bury communication line underground by wireless mode;
4) node apparatus uses powered battery, has adopted low-power consumption components and parts and a series of Low-power Technology, does not need to destroy highway and buries supply line underground.
Use a node apparatus to measure the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, rather than use two devices respectively.
The change in voltage that causes respectively when the working voltage comparer detects automobile through two Magnetic Sensors when measurement of vehicle speed, two simulating signals are converted into two level saltus steps, go out car speed in conjunction with the distance calculation between two Magnetic Sensors by the time interval of detecting two level saltus steps.
Claims (7)
1. two Magnetic Sensors are measured the device of the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, it is characterized in that this device comprises:
Be used to gather first Magnetic Sensor and second Magnetic Sensor of automobile through the out-of-date changes of magnetic field information that causes;
Be responsible for the voltage signal of first Magnetic Sensor and the generation of second Magnetic Sensor is amplified first operational amplifier and second operational amplifier of giving the processing of Chip Microcomputer A converter;
With the analog signal conversion of first operational amplifier and second operational amplifier is voltage jump, makes single-chip microcomputer can measure first voltage comparator and second voltage comparator that two Magnetic Sensors reach the time interval of same voltage;
And comprise AD converter, two Magnetic Sensors that the changes of magnetic field information that responsible collection first operational amplifier and second operational amplifier are sent here and first voltage comparator and second voltage comparator are sent here reach the time interval of same voltage, and calculate road flow motor and speed information, the information that calculates is sent to the single-chip microcomputer of radio-frequency module;
Described first Magnetic Sensor is connected with single-chip microcomputer indirectly by first operational amplifier, second Magnetic Sensor is connected with single-chip microcomputer indirectly by second operational amplifier, first operational amplifier also is connected with single-chip microcomputer indirectly by first voltage comparator, and second operational amplifier also is connected with single-chip microcomputer indirectly by second voltage comparator.
2. two Magnetic Sensors according to claim 1 are measured the device of the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, it is characterized in that, this device also comprises wireless radio frequency modules and antenna, and by radio-frequency module, flow and speed information that single-chip microcomputer is sent here go out to radio base station nodes by antenna transmission.
3. two Magnetic Sensors are measured the method for the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, have three kinds of patterns of mode of operation of measuring magnitude of traffic flow mode of operation, measurement of vehicle speed mode of operation and measuring the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously
In the mode of operation of measuring the magnitude of traffic flow, first Magnetic Sensor and the first operational amplifier work, second Magnetic Sensor and second operational amplifier are not worked, first Magnetic Sensor is gathered automobile through the out-of-date changes of magnetic field that causes, changes of magnetic field is converted into voltage signal amplifies the single-chip microcomputer that the back is given built in A/D converter data transfer through first operational amplifier;
In the mode of operation of measurement of vehicle speed, two Magnetic Sensors and two operational amplifiers are worked simultaneously, two Magnetic Sensors on the node are along road travel direction series arrangement, first Magnetic Sensor is preceding, second Magnetic Sensor after, the fixing distance L of being separated by, directly send in the voltage comparator through the signal after the operational amplifier amplification, compare with a reference voltage, do not send into single-chip microcomputer and carry out the AD conversion, when the voltage of operational amplifier output less than reference voltage the time, voltage comparator is output as low-voltage; When the voltage of operational amplifier output during greater than reference voltage, voltage comparator is output as high voltage;
When measuring the mode of operation of the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed at the same time, single-chip microcomputer was an one-period with per 5 minutes, the travel speed of measuring vehicle when each car process node, add 1 for simultaneously the vehicle count device, after clock time arrived in 5 minutes, the single-chip microcomputer calculating vehicle operation average velocity and the vehicle fleet size of process in these 5 minutes, then data are sent to radio base station nodes by radio-frequency module, when statistics road traffic flow, all export rising edge vehicle count device counting once with two voltage comparators once.
4. two Magnetic Sensors according to claim 3 are measured the method for the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, it is characterized in that, single-chip microcomputer carried out an AD conversion every 1/20 second, gather the voltage signal of a Magnetic Sensor, and compare with the normal signal that does not have the automobile process with the voltage signal that collects, the conversion process of a normal signal---high voltage signal---normal signal is considered to an automobile process.
5. two Magnetic Sensors according to claim 3 are measured the method for the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, it is characterized in that, single chip computer measurement first voltage comparator and second voltage comparator are converted into high-tension burst length difference T by low-voltage respectively, just can obtain automobile speed information according to the distance L between first Magnetic Sensor and second Magnetic Sensor divided by mistiming T again, for accurately the same position of measuring vehicle is through the time of two Magnetic Sensors, voltage comparator is compared voltage signal and same reference voltage that two operational amplifiers amplify.
6. measure the method for the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously according to each described two Magnetic Sensors of claim 3 to 5, it is characterized in that, the method that adopts less radio-frequency output is with the data output that collects, single-chip microcomputer will be gathered the data that obtain and give wireless radio frequency modules every 5 minutes, node sends to the radio base station nodes in roadside by wireless radio frequency mode with the data that collect, and radio base station nodes is sent to the transport information processing enter with data by wired mode again and handles.
7. two Magnetic Sensors according to claim 6 are measured the method for the magnitude of traffic flow and car speed simultaneously, it is characterized in that, wireless radio frequency modules is operated on the frequency of 915MHz, and bandwidth is 38.4KHz.
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100458867C (en) * | 2007-04-17 | 2009-02-04 | 中国科学院计算技术研究所 | Method and device for implementing classification of vehicle and bicycle |
| CN101344987B (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2010-06-02 | 同济大学 | Vehicle detection device and detection method |
| CN103050014A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-04-17 | 武汉智慧城市研究院股份有限公司 | Traffic speed detection system and detection method |
| CN103398731B (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-09-23 | 南昌航空大学 | Based on the Mach-Ze De Fibre Optical Sensor localization method of DSP time difference measurements |
| CN106023600B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2019-05-21 | 广州地理研究所 | A kind of vehicle speed detection method and device based on vehicle electron identifying |
| CN106097728B (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-07-31 | 东莞理工学院 | Vehicle checking method, apparatus and system |
| CN108288389B (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2020-09-18 | 山东大学 | A device and method suitable for rapid detection of position information of high-speed vehicles |
| CN110120157A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-13 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of magnetic guidance pavement structure |
| CN111681428B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2023-03-28 | 阿波罗智联(北京)科技有限公司 | Overflow detection method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN114495504B (en) * | 2022-01-30 | 2023-04-21 | 中控未来智能技术江苏有限公司 | Wisdom traffic monitoring system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5999877A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1999-12-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Traffic flow monitor apparatus |
| CN1373616A (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-10-09 | 日本电气株式会社 | System and method for determining traffic flow |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5999877A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1999-12-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Traffic flow monitor apparatus |
| CN1373616A (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-10-09 | 日本电气株式会社 | System and method for determining traffic flow |
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