CN1281457A - 合成氯嘌呤中间体的方法 - Google Patents
合成氯嘌呤中间体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 title description 11
- JBMBVWROWJGFMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-7h-purine Chemical compound ClC1=NC=C2NC=NC2=N1 JBMBVWROWJGFMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomethyl Chemical compound O=[CH] CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 carbocyclic purine nucleoside analogue Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MCGSCOLBFJQGHM-SCZZXKLOSA-N abacavir Chemical compound C=12N=CN([C@H]3C=C[C@@H](CO)C3)C2=NC(N)=NC=1NC1CC1 MCGSCOLBFJQGHM-SCZZXKLOSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960004748 abacavir Drugs 0.000 description 6
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- MWBWWFOAEOYUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopurine Chemical compound NC1=NC=C2N=CNC2=N1 MWBWWFOAEOYUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005019 2-aminopurines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- HWSJQFCTYLBBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diamino-4-hydroxy-1h-pyrimidin-6-one Chemical compound NC1=NC(O)=C(N)C(O)=N1 HWSJQFCTYLBBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031886 HIV Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037357 HIV infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700721 Hepatitis B virus Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001941 cyclopentenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000033519 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000955 prescription drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002212 purine nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
- C07D473/40—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with halogen atoms or perhalogeno-alkyl radicals directly attached in position 2 or 6
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及制备式(Ⅰ)碳环嘌呤核苷类似物、其盐和可药用衍生物的方法,包括在酸存在下将式(Ⅳ)化合物水解,在碱存在下将所形成的式(Ⅴ)化合物就地与式(Ⅵ)化合物缩合,然后将所形成的中间体闭环,其中P是保护基。
Description
本发明涉及制备式(Ⅰ)碳环嘌呤核苷类似物、其盐和可药用衍生物的方法。
GB-A-2217320已经公开了对映异构的纯的式(Ⅰ)化合物,
据EP 0434450公开,abacavir具有很强的抗人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的活性。
在本领域中,需要合成大量abacavir来进行临床试验,一旦国家药物管理机构批准abacavir上市,也需要出售大量abacavir来作为处方药治疗HIV感染。
在PCT出版物WO91/15490、WO95/21161、EP0434450和《四面体:不对称》(Tetrahedron:Asymmetry)第4卷,第1117页,(1993)中描述了使用对映异构的纯的式(Ⅲ)化合物、经由式(Ⅰ)2-氨基嘌呤中间体来合成abacavir的方法,
然而,对于式(Ⅰ)2-氨基嘌呤衍生物,该方法提供的路线不令人满意,这是因为其需要分离和纯化很多中间体,不但使得成本增加,还导致合成产率很低。
我们已经开发出了用式(Ⅳ)N-保护-4-氨基环戊烯制备式(Ⅰ)中间体的方法,
其中P是保护基,
该方法的产率很高,并且成本更低廉。保护基P优选为酰基或取代的氧羰基。
一方面,本发明包括将式(Ⅳ)环戊烯就地容易地转化成式(Ⅰ)2-氨基嘌呤衍生物,并方便地无需分离任何中间体。在本发明方法中,无需成本昂贵的后处理操作,就将式(Ⅳ)原料就地脱保护以获得所需所需氨基醇,并且因为直接的偶合和环化也无需后处理或分离中间体,本发明方法的总产率提高了。
另一方面,本发明提供了制备可任选地以盐或络合物形式存在的式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法,
其中R代表CHO或H,
其中R代表CHO或H,
可选择性地将所得式(Ⅰ)化合物与酸或络合剂反应以生成盐或络合物。
如上所述,在式(Ⅳ)化合物中,优选的保护基是酰基或取代的氧羰基。优选的酰基包括甲酰基或低级烷酰基(在烷基部分具有例如1-4个碳原子),尤其是乙酰基。优选的取代的氧羰基是式R’OC(O)-所示基团,其中R’可以是烷基或芳烷基。优选的烷基是叔丁基;优选的芳烷基是苄基。
水解步骤优选在有机溶剂例如链烷醇、环醚或氯代烃中通过弱酸催化水解来完成。优选可选择地在水存在下、在烷醇溶剂例如工业用甲基化酒精(IMS)中使用有机酸或无机酸例如三氟乙酸或盐酸。
然后不用任何分离式(Ⅴ)水解产物就进行缩合步骤。该缩合反应优选在至少能将水解步骤所用的酸和缩合过程中所生成的酸全部中和的足量碱存在下、在极性溶剂例如醇如乙醇或丁醇、或水或乙腈、或它们的混合物中、于回流条件下进行。一般情况下,按式(Ⅳ)化合物的量计,至少用2当量碱。碱优选为三烷基胺或碱金属碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐,例如碳酸钾或碳酸钠,更优选为碳酸氢钠。优选的组合是在IMS中的三乙胺或碳酸氢钠。在式(Ⅳ)化合物中,R优选代表CHO。
然后,同样不用将式(Ⅶ)化合物的任一在前中间体分离,就进行闭环反应。该闭环反应可这样方便地进行:在浓的无机酸水溶液或无水无机酸存在下,选择性地在一种或多种非水溶剂例如四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯或IMS存在下,用原甲酸三烷基酯来进行。将未分离的式(Ⅶ)产物加到酸和原甲酸三烷基酯混合物中是合适的。优选的组合包括,在原甲酸三烷基酯中使用约1.5-3摩尔当量、优选约2摩尔当量的盐酸,这导致生成式(Ⅰ)9-取代-2-氨基嘌呤盐酸盐沉淀。如果需要的话,通过用碱处理可释放出游离碱。
已经发现,采用本发明方法,用式(Ⅳ)化合物作原料制备式(Ⅰ)化合物的产率超过80%。在其中需要分离中间体的早期分步法中,当使用式(Ⅲ)化合物作原料时,产率一般为约56%,当使用在WO95/21161中描述的方法,用式(Ⅴ)化合物作原料时,产率为约75%,与这些现有技术相比,本发明方法的产率很好。
可依据在WO95/21161中描述的方法来合成式(Ⅵ)化合物。通过将可方便获得的2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶与式(Ⅷ)Vilsmerier试剂反应,以生成式(Ⅸ)化合物,然后进行水解,可制得式(Ⅵ)化合物,
其中在式(Ⅷ)和(Ⅸ)中,R1和R2的定义同WO95/21161所述,即:R1和R2可相同或不同,并选自C1-8直链烷基、C1-8支链烷基、C3-8环烷基、和芳基(例如苯基或萘基),所述基团可任选地被例如C1-4烷基或卤素(例如Cl)取代。在本发明优选的实施方案中,R1和R2都是甲基。
通过将多种仲胺的甲酰胺与多种酰卤例如三氯氧化磷、五氯化磷、亚硫酰氯、光气、和草酰氯反应可制得式(Ⅷ)化合物,例如可如C.M.Marson,《四面体》(Tetrahedron)1992,48:3660-3720的综述及其参考文献所述进行制备。
通过加入可与水混溶的共溶剂例如乙醇,将式(Ⅸ)化合物在酸性溶液例如pH为3±0.5的酸性溶液中水解,可制得其中R是氢的式(Ⅵ)化合物。通过将式(Ⅸ)化合物在具有上述pH的最少量水中还原,也可以制得其中R是CHO的式(Ⅵ)化合物。在这些条件下,其中R是CHO的式(Ⅵ)化合物沉淀出来,并且可被滤出。
式(Ⅳ)化合物可通过与《四面体:不对称》(Tetrahedron:Asymmetry)第4卷,第1117页,(1993)中描述的方法相类似的方法制得。
下述实施例只是为了举例说明,并不是以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例A
制备(1S,4R)-顺式-4-[2-氨基-6-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-2-环戊烯-1-甲醇盐酸盐
将(1R,4S)-顺式-[4-(羟基甲基)-2-环戊烯-1-基]氨基甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(100g)在工业用甲基化酒精(IMS)(600ml)中的混悬液用浓盐酸(48ml,1.2摩尔当量)处理,用约0.5小时把所得溶液加热至沸。将该溶液加热回流约2.5小时。把该溶液冷却至20-25℃,用IMS(600ml)稀释。加入三乙胺(170ml),然后加入N-(2-氨基-4,6-二氯-5-嘧啶基)甲酰胺(WO95/21161)(97g)。将所得混悬液加热回流约17小时以获得澄清溶液,待其冷却至25-30℃,加入碳酸钾精细粉末(169g)。将所得混悬液在该温度下搅拌约0.5小时,然后冷却至0-5℃,把固体滤出。用IMS(3×180ml和1×140ml)洗涤该固体,合并滤液和洗涤液,减压浓缩至红色胶状物。把该胶状物再溶于IMS(1000ml),将该溶液减压浓缩至胶状物。将稀释和再浓缩再重复两次,把最终所得胶状物再溶于IMS(350ml)。
其间,制备原甲酸三乙酯(900ml)和四氢呋喃(THF)(400ml)的混合物,并冷却至0-5℃。加入浓盐酸(80ml),同时将温度维持在0-10℃,然后再加入THF(100ml)。将用IMS(100ml)洗涤的上述制备的IMS浓缩物加到该混合物中。将所得混合物温热至20-25℃,加入被证实的(1S,4R)-顺式-4-[2-氨基-6-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-2-环戊烯-1-甲醇盐酸盐晶种,继续搅拌约20小时。将结晶浆液过滤,用叔丁基甲基醚和IMS的混合物(9/1,3×300ml)洗涤所得固体,在40-45℃真空干燥,获得了本标题化合物(117g,82%),为浅黄褐色固体。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:8.38(B,l,purine CH),7.50(br m,ca 5,NH3+,
OH,HOD),6.20(m,l,=CH) 5.94(m,l,=CH),5.49(m,l,
NCH),3.46(m,2,OCH2),2.91(br m,l,CH),2.70-2.60(m,
l,CH),1.75-1.66(m,l,CH).
实施例B
制备(1S,4R)-顺式-4-[2-氨基-6-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-2-环戊烯-1-甲醇盐酸盐
将(1R,4S)-顺式-[4-(羟基甲基)-2-环戊烯-1-基]氨基甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(100g)在工业用甲基化酒精(IMS)(600ml)中的悬浮液用浓盐酸(48ml,1.2摩尔当量)处理,用约0.5小时把所得溶液加热至沸。将该溶液加热回流约3小时。把该溶液冷却至20-25℃,加入碳酸氢钠(103.4g),然后加入N-(2-氨基-4,6-二氯-5-嘧啶基)甲酰胺(WO95/21161)(97g)和IMS(600ml)。将所得悬浮液加热回流约4小时,冷却至约-5℃。在该温度下搅拌约1小时后,把固体滤出并用IMS(2×100ml)洗涤。合并滤液和洗涤液,减压浓缩至剩余约400ml。把剩余物再溶于IMS(1000ml),将该溶液减压浓缩至胶状物。将稀释和再浓缩再重复两次,把最终所得胶状物再溶于IMS(350ml)。
其间,将原甲酸三乙酯(900ml)冷却至0-5℃,加入浓盐酸(80ml),同时将温度维持在0-10℃。将用IMS(600ml)洗涤的上述制备的IMS浓缩物加到该混合物中。将所得混合物温热至20-25℃,加入被证实的(1S,4R)-顺式-4-[2-氨基-6-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-2-环戊烯-1-甲醇盐酸盐晶种,继续搅拌约7小时。将结晶浆液过滤,用IMS(2×150ml)洗涤所得固体,在40-45℃真空干燥,获得了本标题化合物(114g,81%),为浅黄褐色固体,其光谱数据与实施例A产物相同。
实施例C
制备(1S,4R)-顺式-4-[2-氨基-6-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-2-环戊烯-1-甲醇盐酸盐
将(1R,4S)-顺式-[4-(羟基甲基)-2-环戊烯-1-基]氨基甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(72.5kg)在工业用甲基化酒精(IMS)(435L)和水(约200L)中的悬浮液用浓盐酸(36.5 1,1.2摩尔当量)处理,用约1.5小时把所得溶液加热至沸。将该溶液加热回流约2小时。把该溶液冷却至20-25℃,加入碳酸氢钠(75kg),然后加入N-(2-氨基-4,6-2氯-5-嘧啶基)甲酰胺(WO95/21161)(70kg)和IMS(435L)。将所得悬浮液加热回流约4小时,冷却至约-5℃。在该温度下搅拌约1小时后,把固体滤出并用IMS(2×144L)洗涤。合并滤液和洗涤液,减压浓缩至剩余约290L。把剩余物用IMS(约300L)稀释,将该溶液减压浓缩至剩余约290L。将稀释和再浓缩再重复两次,把最终浓缩物用IMS(610L)稀释,并加热至约35-40℃。把所得混合物过滤,将固体用IMS(2×144L)洗涤。合并滤液和洗涤液,减压浓缩至剩余约290L,然后用IMS(217L)稀释。
其间,在0-8℃制备原甲酸三乙酯(660L)、浓盐酸(58L)和IMS(72L)的混合物。将用IMS(2×72L)洗涤的上述制备的IMS浓缩物加到该混合物中。将所得混合物温热至20-25℃,加入被证实的(1S,4R)-顺式-4-[2-氨基-6-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-2-环戊烯-1-甲醇盐酸盐晶种,继续搅拌约7小时。将结晶浆液冷却至18-21℃,过滤,用IMS(72L和217L)洗涤所得固体,在40-45℃真空干燥,获得了本标题化合物(81.7kg,79.5%),为浅黄褐色固体,其光谱数据与实施例A产物相同。
实施例D
制备(1S,4R)-顺式-4-[2-氨基-6-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-2-环戊烯-1-甲醇盐酸盐
将(1R,4S)-顺式-[4-(羟基甲基)-2-环戊烯-1-基]氨基甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(10g)在工业用甲基化酒精(IMS)(60ml)中的悬浮液用浓盐酸(5ml,1.2摩尔当量)处理,用约0.5小时把所得溶液加热至沸。将该溶液加热回流约3小时。把该溶液冷却至20-25℃,并称重(45.7 g)。将一部分该溶液(14g)用IMS(14ml)稀释,加入碳酸氢钠(3.1g),然后加入2,5-二氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶(WO95/21161)(2.0g)。将所得悬浮液加热回流约7小时,冷却至约-5℃。将固体滤出,合并滤液和洗涤液,减压浓缩至胶状物,把所得胶状物再溶于IMS(17ml)。
其间,将原甲酸三乙酯(21.4ml)冷却至0-5℃,加入浓盐酸(1.9ml),同时将温度维持在0-10℃。将用IMS(2×2.5ml)洗涤的上述制备的IMS溶液加到该混合物中。将所得混合物温热至20-25℃,加入被证实的(1S,4R)-顺式-4-[2-氨基-6-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-2-环戊烯-1-甲醇盐酸盐晶种,继续搅拌约19小时。将结晶浆液过滤,用IMS(2×4.5ml)洗涤所得固体,在40-45℃真空干燥,获得了本标题化合物(2.06g,61%),为浅黄色固体,其光谱数据与实施例A产物相同。
Claims (14)
2.权利要求1的方法,其中R是CHO。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中P是酰基或取代的氧羰基。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中P是甲酰基或C1-4烷酰基,或式R’OC(O)所示氧羰基,其中R’是烷基或芳烷基。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中P是乙酰基或R’是叔丁基或苄基。
6.前述任一项权利要求的方法,其中所述水解步骤是在有机酸或无机酸存在下、在烷醇、环醚或氯代烃中进行的。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述水解步骤是在IMS中进行的,并且所用酸是三氟乙酸或盐酸。
8.前述任一项权利要求的方法,其中所述缩合反应是在碱存在下、在极性溶剂中、于回流条件下进行的。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述极性溶剂是醇、水或乙腈,并且碱是三烷基胺或碱金属碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述碱是碳酸钾或碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠。
11.前述任一项权利要求的方法,其中所述闭环反应是在无机酸存在下、选择性地在一种或多种非水溶剂存在下、使用原甲酸三烷基酯进行的。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述闭环反应是在盐酸存在下用原甲酸三乙酯进行的。
13.权利要求11的方法,其中所述非水溶剂是四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯或IMS。
14.参考实施例的、基本上如前述任一项权利要求所述的方法。
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GBGB9721780.6A GB9721780D0 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 1997-10-14 | Process for the synthesis of chloropurine intermediates |
GB9721780.6 | 1997-10-14 |
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CN100465174C (zh) * | 2006-06-13 | 2009-03-04 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | 制备光学纯阿巴卡韦的方法 |
CN104672239A (zh) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-03 | 上海迪赛诺化学制药有限公司 | 一种采用一锅法制备阿巴卡韦式v中间体的工艺 |
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SK284595B6 (sk) | 1997-11-27 | 2005-07-01 | Lonza Ag | Spôsob výroby (1S,4R)-4-(2-amino-6-chlór-9H-purín-9-yl)-2- cyklopentén-1-metanolu alebo jeho solí |
FR2849030A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-06-25 | Isochem Sa | Procede de preparation des n-(2-amino-4, 6-dihalogenopyrimidin-5-yl) formamides |
GB0320738D0 (en) | 2003-09-04 | 2003-10-08 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Novel process |
KR101109476B1 (ko) * | 2009-06-26 | 2012-01-31 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 실린더 교체용 지그장치 |
RS54123B1 (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2015-12-31 | Viiv Healthcare Company | THERAPEUTIC COMBINATION CONTAINING DOLUTEGRAVIR, ABACAVIR AND LAMIVUDINE |
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US4268672A (en) * | 1977-02-09 | 1981-05-19 | The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Adenosine deaminase resistant antiviral purine nucleosides and method of preparation |
JPS6175A (ja) * | 1984-03-06 | 1986-01-06 | ブリストル−マイア−ズ コムパニ− | 神経弛緩剤、1‐フルオロフェニルブチル‐4‐(5‐ハロ‐2‐ピリミジニル)ピペラジン誘導体 |
US5631370A (en) * | 1988-01-20 | 1997-05-20 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Optically-active isomers of dideoxycarbocyclic nucleosides |
PT89482B (pt) * | 1988-01-20 | 1994-02-28 | Univ Minnesota | Processo para a preparacao de derivados de nucleosidos disesoxi-didesidro-carboxilico |
NZ229453A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1991-08-27 | Univ Minnesota & Southern Rese | A pharmaceutical composition containing purine derivatives with nucleosides such as azt, as antiviral agents |
GB8815265D0 (en) * | 1988-06-27 | 1988-08-03 | Wellcome Found | Therapeutic nucleosides |
MY104575A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1994-04-30 | The Wellcome Foundation Ltd | Therapeutic nucleosides. |
US5126452A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1992-06-30 | Glaxo Inc. | Synthesis of purine substituted cyclopentene derivatives |
US5329008A (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1994-07-12 | Glaxo Inc. | Synthesis of a 3,4-dihydroxy-1-cyclopentanylpurinone |
GB9402161D0 (en) * | 1994-02-04 | 1994-03-30 | Wellcome Found | Chloropyrimidine intermediates |
SK284810B6 (sk) * | 1997-05-13 | 2005-12-01 | Lonza Ag | Spôsob výroby (1S,4R)- alebo (1R,4S)-4-(2-amino-6-chlór-9-H- purín-9-yl)-2-cyklopentén-1-metanolu |
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CN100465174C (zh) * | 2006-06-13 | 2009-03-04 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | 制备光学纯阿巴卡韦的方法 |
CN104672239A (zh) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-03 | 上海迪赛诺化学制药有限公司 | 一种采用一锅法制备阿巴卡韦式v中间体的工艺 |
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