Oil well expansion alloy material and expansion pipe device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil well with expansion alloy material and expansion pipe device,, have the material and the expansion process device of excellent strong plasticity in particular for petroleum well workover.
Background technology
Solid expansion pipe SET (Solid Expandable Tubulars) is emerging technology in petroleum drilling, completion and the well workover engineering, the characteristics of method are with sleeve pipe RIH predetermined position, by intervalve slurry conveyed liquid, fill with the clearance space of outside of sleeve, the promotion of awl liquid body pressure, hole enlargement expansion sleeve are from bottom to up expanded in the bottom then; Make caliber that the 10-30% flow take place; Bulged tube technology is optimized hole structure, original protector string is made up of multiple size sleeve pipe, has up big and down small tapered well body structure, for example state inland basin ultra deep well and marine drilling employing sleeve structure series is 30 "-20 "-13 3/8 "-9 5/8 "-7 "-5 ", then oversize, the broken rock moment of torsion of oil well upper bore is big, the low drilling depth of drilling speed is few, so the drilling cost height.And the employing bulged tube technology, the top well is little, and drill footage is big, can adopt small casing, can reduce expenses; Solid expansion pipe is filled with grout in addition, utilizes the expansion pipe extruding can improve consolidation effect, has improved cementing quality at all; New technology has enlarged sleeve pipe work latus rectum simultaneously, makes things convenient for borehole operation, is beneficial to the raising per-well production; Especially can repair the long well section sleeve pipe, exist the sleeve pipe of hole, crackle, bad break defective to repair for long distance in the past, and very effective with expansion pipe solution big section sidetracked hole and deviated borehole casing corrosion problem; Utilize expansion pipe to hang and packing good sealing effect, simple, with low cost, the long service life of operation; Be convenient to the multiple accident of emergency processing bad ground in addition, can properly settle complex hole condition such as saliferous rubble zone, pressure break and presser sensor location and mud stone layer, drift sand formation, storage coal seam, saline bed, change shell of compression, the landslide of sugarcoated haws on a stick well; The entity pipe also significantly is better than conventional pkr as the packing of emergent pipe, and in view of this bulged tube technology is very promising great technological change, and for example, Chinese patent CN1079886C discloses a kind of expandable tubular sleeve.But three problems of current existence: the one, expansion pipe adopts Hi-Stren steel, and expansion hole enlargement plasticity is had a surplus, and deals with the external pressure strength deficiency; The 2nd, adopt special thread to connect between the following casing, processing difficulties, the construction assembling is comparatively loaded down with trivial details; The 3rd, also instrument is too complicated down, for 5 1/2 " well head, the tool part of going into the well surpasses more than 2000 unexpectedly; This device runs into bad ground simultaneously, and the operation of expanding is not steady.
Invention provides oil well expansion alloy material and expansion pipe device for this reason, can overcome the deficiency of prior art.The present invention expand tubing, expansion gear and telescopic joint simple for process, reliable and stable, very practical also can be promoted the use of in others.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of oil well expansion alloy material and expansion pipe device, can overcome the deficiency of prior art.The invention provides phase change expansion pipe with high-ductility and the shape memory method of attachment between bullet-nose expansion gear and sleeve pipe.The present invention expand tubing, expansion gear and telescopic joint simple for process, reliable and stable, very practical also can be promoted the use of in others.
It is as follows that the weight percent of expansion alloy material of the present invention is formed (%):
C:0.03-0.50; Si:0-6.0; Mn:0-15; Cr:0-20; Ni:0-20; N:0.02-0.08; P≤0.03; S≤0.03; Mishmetal R
E: 0.1
*Ti:0-0.8; Zr; 0-1.47; Fe: surplus; In addition, requiring to have the cumulative volume content of carbide TiC and ZrC in the alloy is 0.1-1.5%.(
*Be add-on).
The manufacture method of above-mentioned alloy (universal method) is to add Ti and Zr and the alloy that is smelted into, and ageing treatment is carried out in the processing that homogenizes in 1000-1200 ℃ temperature range then in 400-900 ℃ temperature range, carbide is separated out.
Carbide for example zirconium carbide is separated out as shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 (a) is transmission electron microscope (a 111) ZrC dark field image, and Fig. 1 (b) is an electron diffraction pattern, and wherein blotch is the austenite spot, belong to [1 21] zone axis, speckle is the spot of coordination to coherence zirconium carbide precipitated phase.
Expansion alloy material of the present invention has high-ductility in expansion hole enlargement process, also satisfy the critical external compressive resistance requirement simultaneously, has high strength.In order to express the composite request of unit elongation δ and intensity σ two aspects, available the two product K=σ δ (MPa%) expresses " the strong plasticity " of material.Get σ-δ coordinate as Fig. 2, obviously the function for certain K value is a hyperbolic line, and the different K values curve will be divided into different strong plastic regions among the figure.The figure bottom is a plasticity soft steel preferably, though the unit elongation height, the K value is on the low side.Wherein middle carbon quenched and tempered steel K increases, and the strong plasticity of dual phase steel is better under the contrast, and what the middle part showed is to use the expansion alloy material now, and K=25000MPa% is shown in the figure right middle.Expansion alloy material of the present invention has good strong plasticity K 〉=38000MPa%, shown in the figure upper right corner.
The present invention mainly conceives phase change induction plasticity Trip (Transfomation inducedplasticity) mechanism of having utilized.Material virgin state atomic arrangement is the face-centered cubic fcc austenite structure of A, B, C, A, B, C..... order solid matter stacking, see Fig. 3 left side, work as material load, under stress, generation cycle fault, form A, B, A, B, A, the B.... stacking sequence of the heart, forming cenotype is the ε martensite of hcp, Fig. 3 right side.Deformation has promoted flow in tissue inter-variable's process.General material produces piling up of dislocations in early days, causes stress raisers, aggravates local flow until fracture.The expansion alloy material stacking fault energy of invention is low, and dislocation is handed over slippage easily, so surrender in early days behind the material stand under load, the annealed state yield strength is about 35000MPa.When this material tensile bar stand under load stretches, evenly attenuate on the whole mark lengths, local necking does not take place, annealed state unit elongation δ ≈ 50%.This material multiple strengthening mechanism mainly comprises grain-boundary strengthening, solution strengthening, phase transformation strengthening, fault reinforcement, dislocations strengthening and dispersion-strengthened etc., and intensity can be expressed as follows:
σ=∑ σ
i=σ
Crystal boundary+ σ
Solid solution+ σ
Phase transformation+ σ
Fault+ σ
Dislocation+ σ
DisperseFault and dislocation successively cause early stage surrender, thereby have low yield tensile ratio σ
s/ σ
b=0.4.Because multiple strengthening has big work hardening rate d σ/d ε ≈ 3.Expanding material of the present invention has the characteristics of low surrender, rapid hardening, high strength, wide flow, is fit to very much the requirement of expansion hole enlargement.Relatively comprehensive, material of the present invention possesses following advantage:
1) You Yi strong plasticity needs to be increased to 5000MPa% as reality.
2) the low surrender of annealed state material can the smooth starting dilatational strain.
3) has high cementation index, d σ/d ε 〉=3.
4) composition is convenient to adjust, and can further improve intensity by age hardening.
Expansion pipe device of the present invention is made of guide head, lower seal awl, set screw nut, bullet piston, time expansion pipe, set collar, centralizer, shape memory joint, sealing-ring, last expansion pipe, rubber ring, retaining ring, positional cylinder, hydraulicefficiency pipe, returning spring, hydraulic hold-down, weight-bearing caliper, well heater.Said expansion pipe down and adjacent going up between the expansion pipe or between other expansion pipe and the expansion pipe are held connection tightly with the shape memory joint; Connecting said shape memory joint embeds and is connected the expansion pipe end and docks in the formed annular recesses.Between the said shape memory joint inboard and the expansion pipe outside sealing-ring is arranged; The bullet piston is equipped with on the top of expansion pipe hole enlargement inboard, said bottom, and lower inside is equipped with lower seal awl and guide head; Hydraulicefficiency pipe with being threaded into, is run through bullet piston center, lock with set screw nut again; Said hydraulicefficiency pipe is located with set collar and centralizer, and hydraulicefficiency pipe upper flange cylinder can slide in the positional cylinder post; There is the three pairs of hydraulic hold-downs and the returning spring of circumferential 120 ° of dresses that distribute at said positional cylinder middle part; But said weight-bearing caliper clamping liquid pressure pipe; The well heater that said positional cylinder top has heating shape memory joint to use.Be connected with the high-ductility metal o-ring with the iron-base shape memory joint between the said expansion pipe.
Substantive distinguishing features that the present invention gives prominence to and marked improvement can be embodied from following example.But they can not impose any restrictions the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. the electron microscope picture of zirconium carbide and electron diffraction pattern.
Fig. 2. the strong plasticity distribution plan of material.
Fig. 3. material structure changes synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4. expansion pipe device figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
Expansion pipe device of the present invention as shown in Figure 4, it comprise guide head 1, lower seal awl 2, set screw nut 3, bullet piston 4, down expansion pipe 5, set collar 6, centralizer 7, shape memory joint 8, sealing-ring 9, go up expansion pipe 10, rubber ring 11, retaining ring 12, positional cylinder 13, hydraulicefficiency pipe 14, returning spring 15, hydraulic hold-down 16, weight-bearing caliper 17 and well heater 18 and constitute.
Expansion pipe series is formed by connecting by some expansion pipes, wherein descend between expansion pipe 5 and the adjacent upper expansion pipe 10 or between other expansion pipe and the expansion pipe, with the shape memory joint (iron-base marmem, for example, the chemistry weight percent is formed: C 0.045, Mn 27.8, and Cr 4.98, and Si 5.21, P 0.02, S 0.02, and surplus is Fe) 8 connections, see Fig. 4 right part enlarged view.The shape memory joint embeds when connecting and is connected the expansion pipe end and docks in the formed annular recesses, the shape memory joint inboard with expansion pipe outside between sealing-ring 9 is housed.Shrink through heating shape memory joint, hold expansion pipe tightly and reach the connection purpose.Expansion pipe hole enlargement inside upper part in bottom is equipped with bullet piston 4, and lower inside is equipped with lower seal awl 2 and guide head 1.The hydraulicefficiency pipe 14 that is threaded into is through bullet piston center, with set screw nut 3 lockings.
Above-mentioned said hydraulicefficiency pipe is located with set collar 6 and centralizer 7, and hydraulicefficiency pipe upper flange garden post can slide in positional cylinder 13 post chambeies.At the positional cylinder middle part circumferential 120 ° of three pairs of hydraulic hold-downs 16 and returning spring 15 are housed, but weight-bearing caliper 17 clamping liquid pressure pipes 14, the well heater 18 that its top has the shape memory head to use.
Expansion pipe of the present invention has following characteristics:
Utilize shape memory effect to connect expansion pipe, be about to sealing-ring and be inserted in the small diameter part branch that is connected the expansion pipe end, shrink by heating shape memory joint, the crush seal circle forms the three-dimensional compressive stress state, thereby improves boundary strength, can transmit huge axial force.Sealing ring material is to have high-ductility metal (for example red copper), is subjected to producing small rheology after the strong extruding of shape memory joint, makes slight void up and plays sealing function.Shape-memory material is an iron-base marmem.Sealing ring material is a red copper.
The strong plasticizing process of the timeliness of expansion pipe alloy is: 1000-1200 ℃ of solid solution shrend in 1 hour, 400-900 ℃ of 0.5-10 hour timeliness, improve dispersion-strengthened effect, strengthening the stacking fault energy that has also reduced material matrix simultaneously, produce better phase change induction plasticity effect like this.
The bullet piston should be pressed into the extension diameter section top of bottom expansion pipe in advance, assembles the lower seal awl then, and is unblocked to guarantee the expansion pipe passage.
The power that the bullet piston moves upward is to rely on the bottom hydraulic to promote or the upwards pulling of dependence hydraulicefficiency pipe, perhaps adopts the comprehensive action that not only pushes away but also draw.For preventing the relative sleeve pipe slippage of expansion pipe, expanding begins promptly to pressurize, and to outer process, it is extremely fixing to block the internal surface of sleeve pipe anchor behind the water conservancy anchor pressurized; Under the returning spring effect, the water conservancy anchor is kept in the center automatically during release.
Application Example:
Carry out the well workover construction with bulged tube technology, the solid expansion pipe (SET) of specification φ 107.95mm * 6.35mm is used repaired existence cavity, many places and crackle well section.Former casing: 139.4mm * 7.7mm, the degree of depth: 2884.44 meters, former well internal diameter: 124mm is dark under the expansion pipe: 1666-1882m, at the bottom of the expansion pipe: 1880.66m; Single tube is long: 7.8m, radical: 10; Expansion pipe range: 78.26m; Expansion pipe external diameter: φ 108mm; Internal diameter: φ 95mm; Wall thickness: 6.5mm; Connect: shape memory shrinks (red copper sealing); Well workover is superior in quality, and output is very stable.Concrete construction correlation parameter is with reference to as follows:
Before the installation | After the expansion |
Pressure pipe body critical external compressive resistance in grade of steel yield stress weight external diameter internal diameter latus rectum wall thickness piston footpath body is anti- | SP-08 560MPa(80,000ksi) 16.5Kg/m 108mm(4.25”) 95mm(3.74”) 92mm(3.621”) 6.5mm(0.25”) 112.3mm(4.42”) 55MPa 32MPa | Expansion rate yield stress residue percentage elongation external diameter internal diameter latus rectum wall thickness drives the anti-interior pressure pipe body critical external compressive resistance of hydraulic pressure body | 14.8% 635MPa(90,000ksi) 22% 124mm(4.88”) 112mm(4.41”) 107.5mm(4.23”) 6mm(0.236”) 25MPa 49MPa 29MPa |
SP08 chemical ingredients (weight percent): C 0.30, and Mn 12.0, and Cr 9.0, and Ni 3.0, and Si 2.0, and V 0.30, and P 0.02, and S 0.02, adds mishmetal RE:0.1 in addition, and surplus is Fe.