CN1263207A - Guiding piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The guide piston engine is characterized by that its piston does not bear side pressure, the piston has no wear, and the abrasion of piston ring is also reduced radically so as to improve service durability of engine. After having been strengthened it features small volume, light weight, lowfuel consumption, high efficiency, strong power and reliable work etc..

Description

Guiding piston engine

After German in 1886 had invented first automobile, the mankind entered into the automobile civilization rapidly.Automobile plays an important role to the national product of a country, the industrial technology development level of a country of the good and bad reflection of the performance of an automobile, and the significance of automobile is no longer discussed.The power of automobile---motor, technical very ripe through constantly improving to today, yet, mill morning of motor, leakage of oil, gas blowby, remaining is born from automobile one is difficult to the object for appreciation disease of capturing over 100 years.Guiding piston engine is that the motor to present use undergoes technological transformation according to this specification or redesigns, and will prolong at double the working life of motor, and will improve the Economy of fuel oil, reduce oil consumption, reduce the pollution that exhaust emissions causes.

Piston is that the motor pulsatile heart is dirty, the reciprocating operation mechanism that motor traditionally is made up of piston, connecting rod, bent axle.The working condition of piston mainly is discussed here, and it is the most serious assembly of operating conditions in the reciprocating engine.The reliability and the useful life longevity of piston set (mainly referring to piston, piston ring) working condition decision engine operation.The characteristics of piston set working condition are that operating temperature is very high, and under very high mechanical load high-speed slide, insufficient lubrication simultaneously, this has just determined them to suffer strong wearing and tearing, and may produce faults such as the pulling of slidingsurface, ablation.

Show that by the motion force analysis to piston it is that the power that connecting rod is swung piston causes that the pistons work situation is caused the main cause of unfavorable factor, the power of this swing applies a very big side pressure P to piston _c(Fig. 1), side pressure is to cause the main cause of piston, piston ring scuffing, and maximum side pressure is 1/10 of maximum gas pressure power approximately.The wearing and tearing that viewable side pressure causes piston are very serious, and another unfavorable factor is that piston moves under the effect of connecting rod swing power uneven, the poor stability of motion, lead by self and cylinder wall friction, piston one has wearing and tearing, easily causes vibration, and the engine operation situation further worsens again.In high-power reinforcement motor, the such working condition of piston has limited the reinforcement potentiality of motor.

The side pressure P of piston _c: because the swing of connecting rod acts on the power P on the piston _h(connecting rod strength P when passing to connecting rod _I) between piston and cylinder, cause a side pressure P _c(Fig. 1)

That is: P _h=P _c+ P _I $P_c=P_h\mathrm{tgB}{=P}_h\mathrm{\λ}\sin a/\sqrt{1-{\mathrm{\λ}}^2{\sin }^{2}a}$

The estimation formula:

P _cmax＝0.1P _qmax＝8×10 ^-4P _zD ²(kg)

λ=r/l in the formula---connecting rod ratio

A-crank angle

B---angle of connecting rod $\cos B=\sqrt{1-{\mathrm{\λ}}^2\mathrm{Si}{n}^2}a$

P _q---atmospheric pressure (kg)

P _q＝(D/2) ²πP _z

P _z---the maximum combustion pressure (kg/cm) in the cylinder

P _zBig I draws from indicated diagram of engine, general P _z=30-50 (petrol engine); 60-90 (high-speed diesel engine); 80-120 (supercharged diesel engine)

Is example with the cylinder diameter for the 8cm motor: general maximum side pressure 150-250kg (petrol engine); 300-450kg (high-speed diesel engine); 400-600kg (supercharged diesel engine)

The motion of reciprocating-piston engine in the past is to wave connecting rod the to-and-fro motion of piston is become rotatablely moving of bent axle, this motion itself is very unfavorable to the working condition of piston, since automobile comes out, this mechanism uses till today, and people constantly inquire into, test, and attempt to capture automobile early mill, leakage of oil, this object for appreciation of gas blowby disease, still, there is not breakthrough eventually, because people more just start with from test material.Desire is improved engine performance, need improve the working condition of piston.

Guiding piston engine (hereinafter to be referred as the guiding motor) is to transform on the motor motion, the transformation way is that guide mechanism (guiding group) is set in the cylinder lower end, and the guiding group is formed (Fig. 2, Fig. 7) by guide link, slide block, slide rail, supporting base.This will be the revolution on the engine technology, and this guiding group will make engine performance be greatly improved.Guiding motor motion is that the guiding group remains piston linear reciprocating motion, and becomes rotatablely moving of bent axle by waving connecting rod.The guiding group improves the working condition of piston, the piston non-lateral pressure, and stressed motion obtains balance, the wearing for piston eliminating, the wear of piston-rings that seals is fundamentally alleviated, and is less because the wearing and tearing that the elasticity of self causes are compared with the wearing and tearing that side pressure causes.Piston is also greatly simplified on structural design.Guiding group sliding friction surface is better lubricated, and frictional force is little, and transports out of high temperature, and slide block structure is light and handy, so the minimizing of the mechanical energy of loss, and the mechanical efficiency of motor will increase, and this creates conditions for reducing oil consumption.Because the working condition of piston improves, the reinforcement potentiality of guiding motor will obtain performance, strengthen the guiding motor and have characteristics such as volume is little, in light weight, oil consumption is low, efficient is high, horsepower is powerful, function admirable.

One, guiding engine piston motion situation (Fig. 2)

The power F (F power is making a concerted effort of atmospheric pressure and inertial force) and the reaction force N of guide link along the cylinder-bore axis effect are equilibrant on two on same straight line, (such piston motion meets the rule of nature all things on earth moving equilibrium, just Newton's law)

Two, guiding group working principle and technical requirements in design:

The guide link of guiding group, and remains piston center of circle line and does not depart from cylinder center of circle line all the time on the line of the center of circle of piston (on the axis) the direction of the active force N of piston when the piston high-speed motion.

Three, the reciprocal inertia force of guiding motor and requirement in design:

When Chinese piston is positioned at upper dead center, the reciprocal inertia force maximum, through calculating (the reckoning process is slightly) maximum reciprocal inertia force:

P _ah＝-G _hrω ²(1+λ)/g(kg)

G _h---reciprocating part weight (piston set+guide link+slide block quality)

R---crank radius, r=s/2 s is a piston stroke

The angular velocity of ω---crankshaft rotating, ω=2n/60=0.105n (radian per second)

G---gravity accleration (9.8)

N---engine speed (rev/min)

Calculate as can be known, the reciprocating part maximum inertia force on present high speed level, has reached 1000-2000 times (petrol engine) and 300-600 times (diesel engine) of weight own

The cycle of reciprocal inertia force changes, may cause the vibration of motor, make wave connecting rod, bent axle group part particularly its bearing load increase the weight of, cause Engine Durability to descend, be very harmful, therefore require when design: 1, piston set and guiding group movement parts structure are light and handy, adopt the high material of proportion small intensity.2, do not take unrestrictedly to improve rotating speed and improve power, back and forth inertia loading is no more than certain degree.

Four, guiding group

Second heart of motor is formed (as Fig. 3) by guide link, slide block, slide rail, supporting base.Main effect is to keep piston linear reciprocating motion all the time, it can make the stressed motion of piston obtain balance, and piston move through guide link, slide block becomes rotatablely moving of bent axle by waving connecting rod, thereby improve the pistons work situation, the non-lateral pressure effect, then piston does not have wearing and tearing, and wear of piston-rings also greatly alleviates, and then has improved engine operation reliability and useful life longevity.

Guiding group working condition is directly connected to the working condition of piston.This requires guiding group sliding friction surface is that extremely wear-resisting material is made, the material that slide block is little with proportion, intensity is high, and the positioning tolerance on body all has strict requirement, keeps the guide link center line when requiring to accomplish the slide block high-speed motion on the line of the cylinder center of circle.

The working environment of guiding group is than good many of piston, lubricated good (this slide-block mechanism adapts to splash lubrication), away from high-temperature gas, can not consider the heat bloated factor of splashing during design.

Guide link is fixedlyed connected with slide block with piston and is integral and adopts anti-loose way.

Five, piston set (piston, piston ring)

1, mainly to act on be to bear gas pressure and it is passed to guide link simultaneously to cooperate cylinder seal with piston ring to piston.Piston is because of the non-lateral pressure effect, and by piston skirt and cylinder wall friction guiding, structural design is not greatly simplified yet, and the skirt section is removed entirely, only keeps piston crown, just encircles bank and annular groove part, and shape is a right cylindrical, the light and handy (see figure 4) of structure.Do not allow during high-speed motion and the cylinder wall contact friction.In high-power reinforcement motor, the heat load of piston is particularly serious, under the necessary situation, oil nozzle is set, and piston is taked to force cooling method.

The piston crown design is determined with reference to the piston technical standard.

Key points in design: guarantee that it has enough mechanical strengths and rigidity; Temperature is not too high, has a narrow range of temperature, and prevents to produce excessive thermal distortion, for the proper functioning of piston ring is created good condition; Structure is light and handy, and is in light weight.

2, piston ring

The sealing of piston is finished jointly by piston ring and annular groove, and piston ring is divided into compression ring and oil ring two classes.The main effect of compression ring is sealing, and another effect is to conduct heat, and when contacting with cylinder wall, takes away a part of heat by circulating water, but sealing is the top priority of compression ring, also is the precondition of motor proper functioning.

Sealing mechanism such as Fig. 5 of piston ring analyzed in examination

At first, ring should be with certain elastic force P _oCompress with cylinder wall, form so-called primary sealing area, also be primary sealing area (as Fig. 5), under such condition, gas can not by primary sealing area just pierce the ring and annular groove between the space, the annular groove lateral surface compressing is formed secondary sealing area, and just side sealing face acts on the atmospheric pressure P that ring is carried on the back simultaneously _cStrengthened primary sealing area again.But inertial force may be greater than encircling the atmospheric pressure P that is born when high-speed motion owing to encircle _AWith bear atmospheric pressure P _ABe unbalanced, under certain conditions, ring can be in annular groove bob repeatedly, petrol engine generally has the twice compression ring, is, diesel engine has three road compression rings, second road, the 3rd road compression ring ring back of the body atmospheric pressure P _cLess again, ring is when beating, if the oil film on the cylinder wall is too thick, the dynamic pressure of machine oil impels ring to float sometimes, causes flutter, and when flutter was serious, gas leakage increased, the motor cisco unity malfunction.So by ring back of the body atmospheric pressure P _cEnhanced leaktightness is unreliable sometimes.

Job requirement to compression ring is to rub in the hot environment lower slider for a long time, can keep reliable sealing all the time, is the sealing that improves ring, takes following measure:

(1), the applying of ring side and annular groove will get well, the gap is little.

(2), increase the elastic force of ring, the sealing of primary sealing area is to keep by self elasticity to a great extent, ring side and annular groove are fitted preferably under the situation, the reliable sealing of primary sealing area can be satisfied basically to its seal operation requirement.If ring can have bigger and an amount of elastic force and casing wall tightly to fit all the time, then sealing and shelves oil are with guaranteed, and the guiding type motor will adopt new-type Combined gaseous ring for this reason.This Combined gaseous ring adds that by a common compression ring elastic ring forms, elastic ring by circular retainer and on retainer fixing a plurality of arc spring steel plates constitute (Fig. 6-1).The big I of the total elastic force of elastic ring determines according to the pistons work situation, the 3-5 that total elastic force can be compression ring elastic force doubly, elastic ring by the ring compression, forms the biaxial tension (Fig. 6-2) to ring and piston in annular groove.This Combined gaseous ring has been strengthened the elastic packing ability and the oily ability of retaining of ring, and can prevent that stop ring produces flutter, alleviate impact wear to annular groove, again because piston does not touch casing wall, may cause the vibration of piston during high-speed motion, this Combined gaseous ring also plays stable plunger, can prevent the vibration of piston.Adopting the distortion Combined gaseous ring also is that non-distortion Combined gaseous ring remains to be discussed definite.

(3), compression ring must lubricate good and adopt the Wear-resistant, high-temperature resistant material to make.

Modern engine speed is higher, and the instantaneous maximum temperature in the cylinder can be crossed more than the 2500k, and Maximum operating pressure is crossed 9mpa.The petrol engine maximum speed reaches more than the 5000r/min, under this rotating speed, and piston per minute more than 10000 stroke of will passing through, piston ring is high-speed slide under such high temperature, in case lack lubricating oil, very piece wearing and tearing.For making compression ring lubricated good, be to be coated with layer of even machine oil oil film (in fact, the machine oil oil film also plays the effect of auxiliary envelope gas) all the time on the cylinder wall upper berth and to strike off unnecessary machine oil to the requirement of oil ring.Often too much emphasize the knife-type oil stripping action of oil ring traditionally, think that such machine oil that can block penetrates the firing chamber, practical experience proves that compression ring is in case wear and tear, leak gas, oil ring can't stop machine oil and scurries into the firing chamber, and its oil-blocking action just blocks and wipe off the too much machine oil that splashes on the casing wall.Because piston, piston ring bear very high heat load, the reinforcing stimulus heat load is even more serious, and top compression ring (firepower ring) directly contacts high-temperature gas, and requirement is that heat-resistant material is made, and mainly plays heat-blocking action by it; Two roads, that three road rings are compared temperature is low, and the annular groove thermal distortion is little, can adopt Combined gaseous ring, and requirement is that wear-resisting, heat-resistant material is made envelope gas, the main Kao Erdao of retaining oil, three road compression rings.

Six, guiding type engine design explanation

To the transformation way of the internal-combustion engine of existing performance comparative maturity is reasonably to determine the guidance set physical dimension earlier and fixing way on body, corresponding more definite cabinet size, adjust matching mechanism, particularly existing highly supercharged diesel engine is provided with guide mechanism will better good property.

The Modern Internal-Combustion Engine rotating speed improves day by day, the mean velocity height of piston, because improve rotating speed is effective measures that improve power, but the increase of inertia loading, working condition to bent axle is very unfavorable, useful life longevity on the whole considers that the measure that the guiding motor improves power is suitably to improve rotating speed, but back and forth inertia loading is no more than the limit that the bent axle group can bear; Supercharging air system (see figure 7) is set, increases cylinder operation pressure and improve power.High-power reinforcement motor can be provided with oil injecting nozzle piston positive is cooled off, and the machine for casing-in or applying cover to book oil radiator.

The similar supercharged diesel engine of the reinforcement of petrol engine also can be provided with air pressurizing unit.And to the Carburetor transformation, or resemble the diesel engine direct toward the in-cylinder injection fuel oil.For advancing the power that may improve petrol engine, do more perfect improvement to the petrol engine of strengthening, for example, increase the rigidity and the intensity of movement parts, adjust matching mechanism and cooperate phase place, change fuel oil supply system etc., then petrol engine power can increase about 1 times.

In addition, might manufacture experimently that to become be the also double fuel guiding type motor of burning diesel oil of burning gasoline, this is significant on strategy, be used for battlebus, under a kind of situation of fuel supply deficiency, can select another kind of fuel for use, its premium properties is galloped a thousand li and is not worried and can break down.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of reciprocating-piston engine of function admirable, it is characterized in that: be provided with guide mechanism (guiding group) in the cylinder lower end, this guiding group can keep piston linear reciprocating motion, and piston does not bear side pressure and does, piston does not have wearing and tearing, and wear of piston-rings also greatly alleviates.

2, motor vehicle, boats and ships, aircraft adopt the described motor of claim 1 to do power.

3, the mechanical electric apparatus product adopts the described motor of claim 1 to do power.

4, a kind of guide mechanism (guiding group) that can keep piston linear reciprocating motion, it is characterized in that: the guiding group is made up of guide link, slide block, slide rail, supporting base.

5, the light and handy engine piston of a kind of structure is characterized in that: this piston has only ring bank and annular groove part.

6, a kind of multiple-piece piston-ring is characterized in that: this piston ring is made up of a compression ring and an elastic ring.

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