A kind of medical waste method for innocent treatment and equipment thereof
One. technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method and equipment thereof of rubbish, especially a kind of medical waste method for innocent treatment and equipment thereof.
Two. background technology
Medical waste contains a large amount of bacteriums, viral and virulent chemicals, plastics and woman produce high-moisture percentage discarded object etc., the disease that the people holds common trouble constantly appears especially in recent years, as rabid ox disease, deadly infectious diseases such as disease that infectiousness such as bird flu are extremely strong and atypical pneumonia, because of its pathogenic microorganism time-to-live long, reproduction speed is fast, with hospital's routine 132 ℃ of high temperature, disinfection is to have dealt with problems under the condition of high pressure 205KPa and 2~10 minutes, prion as rabid ox disease, study under the condition that needs 134~138 ℃ of high temperature and 18 minutes through scientist and just can kill, the medical circle regulation: sterilization is the bacterial number critical value Log of medical waste afterwards
10≤ 5, sterilization is just calculated thoroughly, even general a spot of medical waste can be sterilized thoroughly, but also cause the mistake feel on the sense organ and be difficult to further processing because of the medical waste moisture content after the sterilization is high, so medical waste is if sneak into house refuse without special destroying, with serious environment pollution, human health is produced harm greatly.
At present, medical waste generally all is that the incinerator with fuel oil burns, owing to burn in the waste gas that produces and contain a large amount of flue dust, sour gas, heavy metal substance, toxic organic compound matter and dioxin etc., so can cause " secondary pollution ", add that equipment investment is big, operating cost is high, be restricted in some developed countries.In September, 2003, " clinical waste system for pyrolyzing and burning technology and the new product " developed by units such as Chinese Radiation Protection Research Insts passes through relevant department's assessment of result, the final technology or the medical wastes incineration of this achievement.The World Health Organization (WHO) also points out at recent a survey report: " there is the drawback that produces harmful substance in waste incineration ".For addressing this problem, Canada moral technology company of association (Shred-Tech) introduces it in March, 2002 and develops a kind of " medical waste HTHP pulverization process complete set of equipments (Medical Waste Autoclave and ShreddingSystem) " on the Email:mailto:shred@shred-tech.com webpage, " secondary pollution " that this equipment should be able to avoid waste incineration to cause, but do not see that it discloses concrete technical scheme.
Three. summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of medical waste method for innocent treatment and equipment thereof, make the medical waste of processing innoxious, processing procedure does not produce " secondary pollution ", and equipment investment is little, operating cost is low.
For reaching this purpose, the present invention mainly finishes in the following way:
1. the medical waste method for innocent treatment comprises the following steps:
A. the air displacement of pulsing, push in the bactericidal unit with the medical waste entrucking and with car and to seal, in bactericidal unit, alternately vacuumize and feed steam then, be used to get rid of the cold air and the part moisture of medical waste in the bactericidal unit, promote sterilization effect, the pulsation number of times is 1~10, its vacuumize pulsation be limited to down-~65-85KPa, feed steam and be limited to 65~85KPa on pulsing;
B. increasing temperature and pressure makes in the bactericidal unit temperature rise to 134~175 ℃, pressure with steam and rises to 210~800KPa;
C. sterilization in 2~30 minutes is carried out in sterilization under the described temperature and pressure of above-mentioned steps b;
D. steam discharge is reduced to normal pressure with the pressure in the bactericidal unit;
E. vacuum drying reduces the moisture content of aseptic rubbish, and be 5~30 minutes drying time;
F. normal temperature and pressure, bubbling air are opened the bactericidal unit hermatic door to normal temperature and pressure, pull out aseptic rubbish with car.
2. be used to realize the equipment of medical waste method for innocent treatment, this equipment comprises:
A bactericidal unit, it by internal layer, skin and front and back altogether 1~2 road hermatic door constituted, form an interlayer between internal layer and the skin, interlayer is communicated with a safety valve, a drain valve, a pressure controller and an interlayer inlet valve respectively, internal layer is communicated with a safety valve, pressure transmitter, an evacuation valve, a check valve that is communicated with the pneumatic operated valve of air, an internal layer inlet valve and a control internal layer inlet valve respectively, described bactericidal unit is used for making the medical waste sterilization, produces aseptic rubbish;
A vavuum pump, its import is communicated with a condenser successively by pipeline, an evacuation valve, its outlet connects check valve steam-water pipe that runs in again by pipeline, its water seal mouth connects a condensation water intaking valve successively by pipeline, one stop valve, one filter is to the water source, connect a drain valve successively with pipeline, one stop valve also is communicated with an evacuation valve and otherly connects a platinum resistance thermometer sensor, and lead directly to into sterilization device internal layer, drain valve one an end pipeline leads directly to sterilization device skin to interlayer, the carbonated drink outlet of condenser connects the steam discharge waterpipe, the water inlet pipeline connects a pump water inlet valve and is communicated with filter to the water source with the stop valve pipeline, described vavuum pump is used for getting rid of the cold air and the part moisture of medical waste in the bactericidal unit, promotes sterilization effect;
A boiler, its steam (vapor) outlet connects a filter, a pressure regulator valve and an interlayer inlet valve successively with pipeline and branches into one the tunnel and lead directly to into sterilization device skin to interlayer, another road connects an inlet valve and leads directly to into sterilization device internal layer, and described boiler is used for providing steam to bactericidal unit.
Particular content of the present invention also comprises:
1. the method for medical waste harmless treatment:
The pulsation number of times of the pulsation air displacement among a. described step a is 2~6;
B. the sterilization time among the described step c is 2~20 minutes;
C. the vacuum drying time among the described step e is 8~20 minutes.
2. the medical waste method for innocent treatment further comprises the aseptic refuse classification processing that above-mentioned steps is pulled out, and as the metal extruding, glass, plastics are separately broken, and fibre object is made fuel etc.
3. described bactericidal unit is horizontal column type or vertical square, and its two ends are provided with the hermatic door that 1~2 fan adopts mechanical-hydraulic or electronic self-locking mechanism altogether, and outer field outside is provided with heat-insulation layer.
4. described medical waste harmless treatment equipment, further comprise an auto-controller and a platinum resistance thermometer sensor,, platinum resistance thermometer sensor, connects check valve, evacuation valve to the bactericidal unit internal layer, auto-controller connects pressure regulator valve, internal layer inlet valve and the interlayer inlet valve of boiler respectively, the evacuation valve, condensation water intaking valve, pump water inlet valve, check valve and the platinum resistance thermometer sensor, that connect vavuum pump, connect pressure controller, pressure transmitter, described auto-controller can dynamically show and control technological parameters such as technological process and pressure, temperature, time.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. adopt the pulsation air displacement to handle, the air of medical waste in the bactericidal unit can be got rid of more than 99%, help penetrating sterilization and reduce sterilization time, sterilization thoroughly;
2. adopt the steam autoclave sterilization to handle, do not produce flue gas " secondary pollution ".
3. employing vacuum drying treatment can alleviate about 20~40% rubbish weight, the rubbish moisture content of minimizing 70~90%.
4. adopt the auto-controller contact device, can dynamically show technological parameters such as modulation process flow process and pressure, temperature, time.
Low equipment investment, good reliability, the disposal of refuse amount is big, operating cost is low.
Four. description of drawings
The concrete grammar and the equipment of invention are provided by the following drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the medical waste method for innocent treatment that proposes according to the present invention penetrates the sterilization process flow diagram.
The medical waste harmless treatment equipment bactericidal unit structural representation that Fig. 2 proposes according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is medical waste method for innocent treatment and the equipment action two-dimensional curve schematic diagram thereof that proposes according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the medical waste harmless treatment equipment automatic control block diagram that proposes according to the present invention.
Each sign expression in the accompanying drawing:
1. the outer 12. auto-controller F1. interlayer inlet valve F2. internal layer inlet valve F3. evacuation valve F4. pneumatic operated valve F5. pump water inlet valve F6. condensation water intaking valve f1. pressure regulator valve f2. safety valve f3. drain valve f4. check valve f5. stop valve GL. filter YK. pressure controller YP. pressure transmitter BR. platinum resistance thermometer sensor, LN. condensation B. vavuum pumps of 10. boilers, 11. bactericidal unit 11a. internal layer 11b. interlayer 11c. are processed in 8. aseptic rubbish 9. classification of medical waste 2. pulsation air displacement 3. increasing temperature and pressure 4. sterilizations 5. steam discharges 6. vacuum drying 7. normal temperature and pressures
Five. the specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the medical waste method for innocent treatment penetrate the sterilization sequential steps be:
(1) pulsation air displacement 2, push in the bactericidal unit with medical waste 1 entrucking and with car and to seal, in bactericidal unit, alternately vacuumize and feed steam then, be used to get rid of the cold air and the part moisture of medical waste 1 in the bactericidal unit 11, promote sterilization (4) effect;
(2) increasing temperature and pressure 3, make bactericidal unit 11 interior temperature, pressures raise with steam;
(3) sterilization 4 sterilizes 4 under above-mentioned steps 2 described temperature and pressures;
(4) steam discharge 5, and the pressure in the bactericidal unit 11 is reduced to normal pressure;
(5) vacuum drying 6, reduce the moisture content of aseptic rubbish 8;
(6) normal temperature and pressure 7, and bubbling air is opened bactericidal unit 11 hermatic doors to normal temperature and pressure, pulls out aseptic rubbish 8 with car.
Further comprise the aseptic rubbish 8 classification processing that above-mentioned steps is pulled out.
Referring to Fig. 2, realize that the equipment of medical waste method for innocent treatment comprises:
A bactericidal unit 11, it by internal layer 11a, outer 11c and front and back altogether 1~2 road hermatic door constituted, form interlayer 11b between internal layer 11a and the outer 11c, interlayer 11b is communicated with a safety valve f2, drain valve f3, a pressure controller YK and an interlayer inlet valve F1 respectively, and internal layer 11a is communicated with a safety valve f2, a pressure transmitter YP who is communicated with the pneumatic operated valve F4 of air, an internal layer inlet valve F2 and a control internal layer inlet valve F2 respectively.Safety valve f2 is used for the excess load release, pressure controller YK is used for controlling interlayer inlet valve F1, outside being used for, advances pneumatic operated valve F4 air, evacuation valve F3 is used for aspirating carbonated drink, check valve f4 is used for limiting carbonated drink flow direction, described bactericidal unit 11 is the high-pressure bottles that are used for making medical waste 1 sterilization 4, produces aseptic rubbish 8;
A vavuum pump B, its import is communicated with a condenser LN successively, evacuation valve F3 is to the internal layer 11a of bactericidal unit 11, its outlet is communicated with a check valve f4 to the steam discharge waterpipe, its water seal mouth is communicated with a condensation water intaking valve F6, one stop valve f5, one filter GL is to the water source, the steam discharge waterpipe is communicated with a drain valve f3, check valve f4 is to the internal layer 11a of bactericidal unit 11, condenser LN also is communicated with the steam discharge waterpipe respectively, evacuation valve F3 is to the internal layer 11a of bactericidal unit 11, pump water inlet valve F5 to filter GL to the water source, another drain valve f3 is communicated with the interlayer 11b of steam discharge waterpipe and bactericidal unit 11.Condenser LN be used for cooling steam, produce distilled water, evacuation valve F3 is used for aspirating carbonated drink, check valve f4 is used for limiting carbonated drink flow direction, condensation water intaking valve F6 is used for controlling vavuum pump B, stop valve f5 is used for regulating the water source flow, and filter GL is used for cleaning the water source, prevents that vavuum pump B from blocking, and drain valve f3 is used for draining, described vavuum pump B is used for getting rid of the cold air and the part moisture of medical waste 1 in the bactericidal unit 11, promotes sterilization 4 effects.
A boiler 10, its steam (vapor) outlet is communicated with behind a filter GL, pressure regulator valve f1 and the interlayer inlet valve F1 one the tunnel and branches to bactericidal unit 11 interlayer 11b, another road is to the internal layer 11a of bactericidal unit 11, and described boiler 10 is used for providing steam to bactericidal unit 11.
Be opposite to the medical waste 1 in the bactericidal unit 11 as shown in Figure 3, by curve from left to right sequential steps carry out: a. early-stage preparations, pulsation air displacement 2, promptly vacuumizing and feed the steam pulsation hockets, the pulsation number of times is 1~10, its vacuumize pulsation be limited to down-65~-85KPa, feed in the steam pulsation and be limited to 65~85KPa, with the air eliminating of medical wastes 1 in the bactericidal unit 13 more than 99%; B. increasing temperature and pressure makes vapor (steam) temperature rise to 134~175 ℃, and pressure rises to 210~800KPa; C. sterilize 4, under described vapor (steam) temperature of above-mentioned steps (2) and pressure, carry out sterilization 4 in 2~30 minutes; D. steam discharge 5, and vapor (steam) temperature and pressure are reduced; E. vacuum drying 6, and be 5~30 minutes drying time, make the moisture content of aseptic rubbish 8 reduce to 5~10%, are convenient to the further classification processing 9 of aseptic rubbish 8; F. normal temperature and pressure 7, finish, and are convenient to open bactericidal unit 11 and pull out aseptic rubbish 8.Whole process flow needs 30~60 minutes.In described sequential steps, internal layer inlet valve F2 is in pulsation air displacement 2 when boosting and increasing temperature and pressure 3, press sterilization to open steam supply at 4 o'clock, evacuation valve F3 opens the water that draws gas when vacuum drying 6 finishes, pneumatic operated valve F4 opens bubbling air when vacuum drying 6 finishes, condensation water intaking valve F6 opens work at pulse air displacement 2 and steam discharge 5, when vacuum drying 6 finishes, vavuum pump B and pump water inlet valve F5 open work when pulsation air displacement 2 and vacuum drying 6, interlayer inlet valve F1 opens steam supply all the time in whole process flow.
Referring to Fig. 4, bactericidal unit 11 connects boiler 12, vavuum pump B, in order dynamically to show, control technological process and technological parameter vacuum, pressure, temperature, time, also should establish auto-controller 12.Auto-controller 12 connects the pressure regulator valve f1 of boiler 10 shown in Figure 2 respectively, the interlayer inlet valve F1 of bactericidal unit 11 and pressure controller YK, internal layer inlet valve F2 and pressure transmitter YP, the evacuation valve F3 of vavuum pump B, condensation water intaking valve F6, pump water inlet valve F5, evacuation valve F3, check valve f4 and platinum resistance thermometer sensor, BR, auto-controller 12 preferred PLC system and devices.
The following example will further specify the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Medical waste 1 entrucking pusher is gone into to sterilize device 11 passes behind the door, be limited to under pulsing continuously-85KPa vacuumize with pulse on be limited to 85KPa pressure and feed steam and hocket three times, the cold air of medical waste 1 in the bactericidal unit 11 can be got rid of 99.2%, follow increasing temperature and pressure 3, make temperature in the bactericidal unit 11 reach 160 ℃, when pressure reaches 520KPa, carry out sterilization in 3 minutes, steam discharge 5, take out the bacterial number critical value Log of the 4 back medical wastes 1 of sterilizing after testing through vacuum drying 6 back pullout (BPO)s in 10 minutes
10≤ 5, sterilization is thorough, and aseptic rubbish 8 moisture content are 6%.
Embodiment 2
In the same bactericidal unit 11, carry out repetition embodiment 1 by identical step, but regulating pulsation being limited to down-65KPa vacuumize with pulse on be limited to 65KPa pressure feeding steam and hocket six times, cold air in the bactericidal unit 11 can be got rid of 99.9%, regulate sterilising temp to 135 ℃, pressure to 215KPa, carry out 5 minutes sterilization 4, steam discharge 5, take out through vacuum drying 6 back pullout (BPO)s in 6 minutes, after testing the bacterial number critical value Log of sterilization back medical waste 1
10≤ 6, it is 4 thorough to sterilize, and aseptic rubbish 8 moisture content are 15%.
Embodiment 3
In the same bactericidal unit 11, carry out repetition embodiment 1 by identical step, but regulating pulsation being limited to down-75KPa vacuumize with pulse on be limited to 75KPa pressure feeding steam and hocket four times, cold air in the bactericidal unit 11 can be got rid of 99.6%, regulate sterilising temp to 150 ℃, pressure to 390KPa, carry out 5 minutes sterilization 4, steam discharge 5, take out through vacuum drying 6 back pullout (BPO)s in 15 minutes, after testing the bacterial number critical value Log of sterilization back medical waste 1
10≤ 4, it is 4 thorough to sterilize, and aseptic rubbish 8 moisture content are 5%.
Embodiment 4
At the same bactericidal unit 11, carry out repetition embodiment 1 by identical step, but when regulating sterilising temp to 130 ℃, pressure to 170KPa, sterilize 2, steam discharge 5, vacuum drying 6 back pullout (BPO)s are taken out, and the polybag of parcel medical waste 1 does not break, medical waste 1 is fully not exposed, after testing bacterial number critical value Log in Bao Guo the medical waste 1
10≤ 50, sterilization 4 is not thorough.
Embodiment 5
In the same bactericidal unit 11, carry out repetition embodiment 3 by identical step, but when regulating sterilising temp to 175 ℃, pressure to 800KPa, the plastic cement organic matters such as polyvinyl chloride in the medical waste 1 decompose, and produce irritative gas, stop to test.
Embodiment 6
In the same bactericidal unit 11, carry out repetition embodiment 1 by identical step, but do not pulse air displacement 2, directly feed steam, temperature to 150 ℃, pressure is to 390KPa, after sterilization 4 in 16 minutes, and steam discharge 5, normal temperature and pressure 7 taking-up of opening the door, the bacterial number critical value Log of sterilization back medical waste 1 after testing
10≤ 20, sterilization 4 is not thorough, and medical waste 1 moisture content is 25%.
Embodiment 7
In the same equipment, carry out repetition embodiment 1 by identical step, but medical waste 1 is moisture more, the bacterial number critical value Log of the 4 back medical wastes 1 of sterilizing after testing
10≤ 5, sterilization is thorough, and aseptic rubbish 8 moisture content reach 35%, being unfavorable for that further classification handles 9.