CN1258281A - 液态苯并异喹啉衍生物 - Google Patents
液态苯并异喹啉衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及适用作荧光染料的式(Ⅰ)所表示的1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺衍生物,其中R1和R2分别选自含7至8个碳原子的支链烷基和含4至24个碳原子的烷氧(基烷)基。
Description
发明背景
1、发明领域
本发明涉及用在润滑剂中作为荧光检漏染料的烷氨基/亚胺基苯并异喹啉衍生物。
2、相关技术描述
1H-苯并异喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮,有时也称为1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺的衍生物己早为人所熟知(如参见第2,006,017和2,385,106号美国专利),它们主要用在天然和人造纺织品中作为荧光增白剂或亮黄色荧光染料。在所有这些应用中,要求化合物具有一定程度的水溶性。而水不溶的化合物也己被建议用作某些热塑性塑料如聚苯己烯的荧光染料,而且从美观或液体检漏角度来说,也可利用这些水不溶性化合物使来源于石油烃的燃料和润滑剂具有荧光效应。最近应用的一个实例在第4,758,366号美国专利中己被描述。泄漏发生时,润滑剂组合物中的染料就沉积在容器泄漏区域的周围。在长波长紫外光,也称为“黑光”的照射下,染料发出荧光。通过照射容器的外部,利用荧光响应就可目测出泄漏的存在及其位置。这种方法可十分方便地确定小泄漏的存在及其位置。
这种方法对于汽车、家用和工业空调及制冷系统的检漏特别有价值,因为这时泄漏意味着卤代致冷气体的损失。从环境角度看,这些气体的泄漏己引起广泛的关注,因为它们有可能破坏地球上层大气中吸收紫外线的臭氧层。在该项技术中商业上占绝对优势的染料是N-丁基-4-丁氨基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺,这是一种被Chemical AbstractsServices称为1H-苯并异喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮,2-丁基-6-(丁氨基),被“颜色指数”系统分类为C.I.Solvent Yellow 43(以后称为“Solvent Yellow 43”)的化合物。该化合物是一种干粉状染料,熔点为127℃。其直接溶解性相对较低,在当前的烃类制冷用油中溶解度不超过1%,而在最近期开发出的制冷用润滑剂如聚亚烷基二醇及其酯中溶解度更低。由于在制冷用油中的直接溶解度低,而且在工厂中采用干粉状染料操作不方便,所以Solvent Yellow 43通常采取可倾倒的粘稠浓溶液形式,其中按重量计将高达20%的染料溶于有机溶剂如芳烃中。这些浓溶液相对好处理,可直接稀释进制冷用油中。
但是对于新开发出的润滑剂来说,它们与现今所要求的非CFC致冷剂可混溶,此时采用Solvent Yellow 43就有困难。更具体而言,SolventYellow 43在使用过程中易于从润滑剂组合物中结晶析出。沉淀出的晶体可堵塞制冷装置中的多种部件,如细喷嘴等,从而造成制冷系统的关停。因此,实际上在新型制冷用润滑剂中不采用Solvent Yellow 43。
另一种在制冷用润滑剂中作检漏用的染料为N-(异)壬基-4-(异)壬氨基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺。这种染料与Solvent Yellow 43一样,对于常规润滑剂如矿物油来说是十分适宜的,但用在较新型的润滑剂中则有困难。由于润滑剂、特别是那些较新型的聚亚烷基二醇酯型润滑油吸收少量水,使得染料在使用过程中以焦油状形式沉淀出来。因此,实际上不能用这种染料替代Solvent Yellow 43而应用于新型制冷用润滑剂中。
因此,有必要开发出一种荧光染料,它能适应于宽范围的润滑剂组合物和润滑油中,并且在宽的操作温度、时间和条件下不从溶液中结晶或析出。本发明提供了用于致冷剂的荧光染料化合物和润滑剂组合物,可进行荧光检漏。此外,为配制润滑剂组合物,本发明的荧光染料不需芳烃或其它共溶剂。
发明简述
根据本发明,通过仔细选取1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺环结构上的取代基R1和R2,可以获得在制冷循环环境下在润滑剂组合物中具有优良稳定性、并同时又具有足够荧光效能的染料。R1和R2是“分别选取的”,这是指它们可以相同或不同。R1和R2所代表的取代基为含7至8个碳原子的支链烷基或者含4至24个碳原子的烷氧基烷基。支链烷基包括单支链和多支链的。典型的支链烷基包括2-乙基己基、2-甲基己基、2-甲基庚基、1-乙基己基、1-甲基己基、1-甲基庚基、4-乙基己基、2,5-二甲基己基等。烷氧基烷基优选在烷氧基部分中含有含1至15个碳原子,更优选含6至10个碳原子。烷氧基烷基中的烷基部分优选含2至8个碳原子,更优选为含3个碳原子。为明确起见,“烷氧基部分”是烷氧基烷基的末端部分,而“烷基部分”则是处于氮原子和(烷氧基)氧原子之间的两价连接部分。烷氧基部分中的烷基可为支链的或直链的。烷氧基烷基也可含有重复基团,如多重醚型连接。烷氧基烷基的典型实例包括2-乙基己氧基丙基、十三烷氧基丙基、甲氧基丙基、丙氧基丙基、4-乙基己氧基乙基、甲氧基己氧基丙基等。
式(I)所代表的化合物为液体,这意味着这些化合物在室温和常压下为液态。优选化合物的熔点或凝固点为-5°F或更低。典型地,这些化合物是非常粘稠的。由于是液体,这些染料可直接进行处理,并将其加至润滑剂组合物中,而不需事先将其溶在一种载体溶剂中。通常液体染料与润滑剂组合物是完全互溶的,甚至在高用量下情况也是如此。如果有必要,染料的液体性质也使得可加入少量的适当溶剂构成更易倾倒的粘度。事实上,本发明的优选化合物(作为一种反应产物)可直接与适当的溶剂混合而不需其它步骤。
与之相反,在与溶剂混合构成液体浓溶液之前,Solvent Yellow 43必需经过滤分离、干燥和粉碎。干燥、研磨、以及处理多粉尘的粉末染料是不方便、费时和对环境不友好的。本发明的优选化合物不需这些附加操作步骤,因此,与Solvent Yellow 43相比效率更高,而且是环境友好的。
本领域的技术人员可采用常规易于得到或易于衍生得到的原料通过文献详细记录的方法顺利地合成出式(I)所代表的化合物。典型地,合成包括烷基或烷基醚一级胺与4位(或5位)取代的萘二甲酸或萘二甲酸酐进行缩合,其中所述取代基是胺可取代的。适用的取代基包括硝基或磺酸基或氯或溴原子。其中后者为特别优选,这是因为它具有相对较高的反应性而且容易得到。针对式(I)所代表的化合物,也可采取较不方便的方法,通过还原烷化4-硝基萘二甲酸或酸酐,然后构成酰亚胺环制得。反应可在水性或非水介质中,在常规温度和条件下进行。
式(I)所代表的化合物可用在多种油和润滑剂组合物中作为用于鉴定、修饰、或检漏用的染料。该染料优选用在制冷用润滑剂中,这包括常规基于矿物油或其它烃类化合物的制冷用润滑剂和新型制冷用润滑剂。术语“新型制冷用润滑剂”是指适用于非含氯致冷剂的润滑剂组合物。优选地,该新型制冷用润滑剂为“R-134a润滑剂”,这是指润滑剂在-20℃至50℃温度区间、以及基本上所有的混合比例(如1/99至99/1)范围内均与制冷剂R-134a(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)完全混溶和相容(无相分离)。
制冷用润滑剂主要或完全由天然和/或合成油组成。油包括萘基油如烷基萘;石蜡油;烷化苯基油;聚烷基硅油;聚二醇如聚亚烷基二醇,聚氧亚烷基二醇及其醚化或多元醇加成物;酯如多元醇酯,二元酸酯,和聚酯;聚醚多元醇;聚乙烯基醚,聚碳酸酯;氟化硅氧烷如氟代聚硅氧烷;全氟醚;和氟代烷氧基或氟代烷硫基取代的芳香化合物。这些润滑油在下列美国专利及其参考文献中有描述:5,447,647、5,512,198、5,486,302、5,616,812、5,565,129、5,378,385、和5,547,593。具体的油包括聚乙二醇酯如Castrol Industnal North America,Inc.出售的RETRO 100(一种聚乙二醇酯的混合物)。润滑剂可以是二种或更多种润滑油的混合物,也可含有本领域其它常规添加剂。
式(I)所代表的液体化合物易与制冷用油或润滑剂组合物混溶,并可直接进行添加。本发明润滑剂中式(I)化合物的含量依据所需荧光响应值而定。一舰来说染料化合物的含量约为100ppm至800ppm,优选为150ppm至600ppm,最优选为250ppm至400ppm。如果染料浓度太低,总荧光响应将不够明显,从而难于目测检漏。染料浓度过高则造成浪费,并大大增加染料在低温时从溶液中析出的机会。染料在润滑剂组合物中应是稳定的,而且优选在-25℃以上不从液体润滑剂组合物中结晶或冷冻析出。
尽管式(I)所代表的染料化合物为液状,并因此可直接加到润滑油或润滑剂组合物中,但如上所述有时需要采用适当溶剂,如高沸点有机溶剂,将纯液体化合物稀释。稀释式(I)所代表化合物的一个原因是为方便操作和/或处理起见,向配方设计师提供一种SolventYellow 43浓溶液相似的产品。如上所述,由于Solvent Yellow 43为固体且溶解很不理想,一般采用高沸点有机溶剂将Solvent Yellow 43溶解配成20%w/w的浓溶液。
用于稀释式(I)化合物的高沸点有机溶剂为那些沸点(或闪点)高于65℃、且对致冷剂组合物或系统无负作用(即惰性)的有机溶剂。尽管上述润滑油都可作为稀释溶剂,但典型采用芳烃作为稀释溶剂。优选的稀释溶剂有萘基油、石蜡油、烷化苯基油、和聚烷基硅油。烷基萘为特别优选的稀释溶剂。
稀释量部分地依赖于染料化合物或染料化合物们的荧光效能。本发明的典型稀释量应使荧光响应与10至50%(w/w)、更优选为20至40%的Solvent Yellow 43浓溶液的荧光响应相当。也就是说,稀释溶液中的染色组分,包括一种或多种式(I)所代表的化合物,其含量使得荧光的总发光量等于Solvent Yellow 43在相同溶剂中指定含量(如10%)下的荧光总发光量。式(I)所代表化合物的典型实际用量在15至70%w/w之间。这些稀释溶液易于处理和运输,并且具有优良的抗结晶性,甚至在0°F(-18℃)下贮存至12月时也不析出结晶。此外,它们可立即和快速地与其它致冷剂液体互溶,甚至有痕量水存在时也无结晶析出的迹象。
在油/润滑剂组合物或稀释溶剂中采用式(I)化合物的混合物在某些场合下是有好处的。优选的混合物包含不超过50mol%的含烷氧基烷基的式(I)化合物,这些化合物的烷氧基部分的碳原子少于6个。例如,优选组合物中含50mol%或更少的式(I)化合物,其中R1为甲氧基丙基(含一个碳原子)。
润滑剂组合物可按常规方式与致冷剂混合,并用在制冷系统中。致冷剂包括氟烃(指全氟或氢氟烃)如R-134a,以及氯氟烃如1,1-二氯-1,1-二氟甲烷。考虑到环境因素,氟烃为优选。
上述所有美国专利被全文引用作为参考。以下实施例仅起描述作用,而不用于界定本发明的范围。实施例1
在搅拌和加热下,在500ml玻璃反应瓶中加入28g 4-溴代萘二甲酸酐、75g 1-氨基-2-乙基己烷和10g无水乙酸钠,并将内容物加热至回流。回流反应约20小时直至取样后经薄层色谱检测证明4-溴代萘二甲酸酐全部转化为N-(2′-乙基己基)-4-(2′-乙基己基氨基)-萘二甲酰亚胺为止。将烧瓶内容物置于真空中,于150℃下将所有未反应的1-氨基-二乙基己烷和反应中少量的水除去。将反应器内容物冷却,采用吸收分光光度计将该产品与C.I.Solvent Yellow 43的样品做比较,结果发现具有约60%的吸光值。该产品为非常粘稠的液体,甚至在0°F(-18℃)也不结晶。实施例2
重复实施例1中的合成操作,只是在真空除去所有未反应胺后,将制冷用润滑油加到烧瓶中构成一种自由流动的产品溶液,其色度与20%Solvent Yellow 43在相同油中的色度相当。这种浓溶液实际含有约27.2%的活性染料,将其置于在0°F至80°F(-18℃至27℃)之间变化的温度中。在整个温度范围内溶液易于倾倒并且不析出任何结晶。实施例3
在搅拌和加热下,在500ml玻璃反应瓶中加入28g 4-溴代萘二甲酸酐、70g 2-氨基庚烷和15g无水乙酸钾。将混合物加热至回流,并使含水乙酸蒸出直至所有4-溴代萘二甲酸酐全部反应。将烧瓶内容物冷却,加入75ml甲苯和50ml水。搅拌混合物同时加入乙酸,将混合物的pH降至5.5。此时混合物成为两相,分离除去含有溴化钾和2-氨基庚烷乙酸盐的下部水相。将上部非水相置于真空中,于120℃下将所有挥发性物质除去。产品用聚乙二醇酯润滑剂稀释构成染料溶液,其色度与40%Solvent Yellow 43的溶液相当。该溶液产品甚至在0°F(-18℃)下长期储存时仍为液态并且不析出结晶。实施例4
在500ml玻璃反应瓶中加入28g 4-溴代萘二甲酸酐、13g 1-氨基-2-乙基己烷、19g 3-(2′-乙基己氧基)-1-丙胺、9g 3-甲氧基-1-丙胺、和12g无水乙酸钾。将混合物加热至回流,保持回流直至所有4-溴代萘二甲酸酐全部反应。通过蒸馏将乙酸、水、和未反应的胺除去,随后加入100g Aromatic 200(Exxon Corp.的注册商标)。将所得悬浮物过滤以除去溴化钾。合并滤液及少量的清洗用溶剂,并将色度调整为与20%Solvent Yellow 43的溶液相当。所得溶液在0°F(-18℃)下可以倾倒并且不产生结晶。此时R1和R2选自2′-乙基己氧基丙基、甲氧基丙基、和2-乙基己基,该溶液含有所有9种组合方式的化合物。实施例5
重复实施例1中的合成操作,不同之处在于,将1-氨基-2-乙基己烷用其直链异构体1-胺基辛烷替代。终产品在室温下为液体,在0°F(-18℃)下贮藏24小时后变稠并部分结晶。当冷冻的样品置于室温时,这种己发生结晶的产品并不能完全熔化而构成清亮的溶液。实施例6
重复实施例4中的合成操作,用1-氨基庚烷或1-氨基壬烷替代1-氨基辛烷。所得的染料产品在0°F(-18℃)下均易结晶。实施例7
重复实施例2中的合成操作,不同之处在于,用75g 2-氨基辛烷替代70g 2-氨基庚烷。终产品也为冷冻稳定的、可倾倒的液体。实施例8
重复实施例3中的合成操作,不同之处在于,用155g 3-(十三烷氧基)-1-丙胺替代70g 2-氨基庚烷。得到冷冻稳定的、可流动的染料浓溶液。实施例9
将50mg实施例1所得的产品用1kg聚乙二醇酯稀释。构成一种含有500ppm产品的润滑油,其色度相当于100ppm的Solvent Yellow43。该溶液的样品在0°F(-18℃)下储存三个月,荧光剂的色度不损失。将一滴溶液涂在黑漆盘上。当用长波长紫外光照射时,涂抹区域立即可见,发出嫩黄-绿色荧光。实施例10
用10W30烃类润滑油将实施例4所得的产品制成500ppm的溶液。这种润滑油具有特征的黄色荧光,甚至在日光下也很明显。用长波长紫外光照射可明显增强荧光。染料所诱发出的荧光可容易地与未染色润滑油所发出的弱的蓝荧光相区别。
至此本发明己被描述,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不背离下述权利要求所界定的本发明的精神或范围的条件下,很明显本发明可进行多种变化。
Claims (19)
1、一种由式(I)表示的化合物:其中R1和R2分别选自含7至8个碳原子的支链烷基和含4至24个碳原子的烷氧基烷基。
2、如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,R1为含7或8个碳原子的支链烷基。
3、如权利要求2所述的化合物,其中,R2为含7或8个碳原子的支链烷基。
4、如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,R2为含7或8个碳原子的支链烷基。
5、如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,R1和R2代表相同基团。
6、如权利要求5所述的化合物,其中,R1和R2均为2-乙基己基。
7、如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,所述烷氧基烷基中的烷氧基部分含有1至15个碳原子,所述烷氧基烷基中的烷基部分含有2至8个碳原子。
8、如权利要求7所述的化合物,其中,所述烷氧基部分含有6至10个碳原子。
9、如权利要求8所述的化合物,其中,所述烷基部分含有3个碳原子。
10、如权利要求9所述的化合物,其中,所述烷氧基烷基选自2-乙基己氧基丙基和十三烷氧基丙基。
12、如权利要求11所述的组合物,其中,所述高沸点有机溶剂选自芳烃。
13、如权利要求12所述的组合物,其中,所述高沸点有机溶剂是烷基萘。
14、如权利要求11所述的组合物,其中,所述染色成份的含量与10至50wt%的Solvent Yellow 43溶液相当。
15、一种用于致冷剂的润滑剂组合物,其包含油和由式(I)所代表的化合物:其中R1和R2分别选自含7至8个碳原子的支链烷基和含4至24个碳原子的烷氧基烷基。
16、如权利要求15所述的润滑剂,其中,所述油选自萘基油、石蜡油、烷化苯基油、聚烷基硅油、聚二醇、酯、聚醚多元醇、聚乙烯基醚、聚碳酸酯、氟化硅氧烷、全氟醚、氟代烷氧基或氟代烷硫基取代的芳香化合物、以及它们的混合物。
17、如权利要求16所述的润滑剂,其中,所述润滑剂包含亚烷基二醇或其酯。
18、如权利要求17所述的润滑剂,其中,所述润滑剂包含聚乙二醇酯。
19、如权利要求16所述的润滑剂,其中,所述染料的含量在约100至800ppm之间。
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JP2001504547A (ja) | 2001-04-03 |
HK1023772A1 (en) | 2000-09-22 |
EA199901047A1 (ru) | 2000-06-26 |
KR100387996B1 (ko) | 2003-06-18 |
WO1998054150A1 (en) | 1998-12-03 |
DK0984942T3 (da) | 2004-01-19 |
BR9809507A (pt) | 2000-06-20 |
EA002741B1 (ru) | 2002-08-29 |
CN1181060C (zh) | 2004-12-22 |
US5858930A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
ATE249440T1 (de) | 2003-09-15 |
ID28097A (id) | 2001-05-03 |
EP0984942A1 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
PL337083A1 (en) | 2000-07-31 |
CA2291619C (en) | 2005-01-18 |
BR9809507B1 (pt) | 2008-11-18 |
JP3760473B2 (ja) | 2006-03-29 |
DE69818042D1 (de) | 2003-10-16 |
RU2234499C2 (ru) | 2004-08-20 |
AU728127B2 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
DE69818042T2 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
ES2205497T3 (es) | 2004-05-01 |
CA2291619A1 (en) | 1998-12-03 |
AU7708398A (en) | 1998-12-30 |
TR199902897T2 (xx) | 2000-05-22 |
EP0984942B1 (en) | 2003-09-10 |
KR20010012974A (ko) | 2001-02-26 |
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