CN1252451C - Particle field total-field measurement process and apparatus based on laser sheet optical image-forming - Google Patents
Particle field total-field measurement process and apparatus based on laser sheet optical image-forming Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a whole particle field measuring method and a measuring device on the basis of laser sheet laser imaging. The present invention is characterized in that particles in a test flow field are illuminated with orthogonal laser sheet lasers; two CCD cameras are used for respectively obtaining images of particles in a cross section vertical to a direction of the flow field and motion locus images of particles in a plane parallel to a direction of the flow field; the sizes of the equivalent diameters of particles are determined by particle image distinction and statistical analysis of pixels occupied by the particles; the motion speeds and the motion directions of the particles are determined by the distinction and the analysis of particle motion locus images, and a size spectrum and speed field distribution of the particles in the imaging plane are obtained. In the present invention, just particles in the flow field are used as imaging objects without trace particles manually added, and interference caused by the addition of trace particles in the flow field is avoided; the present invention can be widely used for measuring multiple parameters of a flow field and a whole field dynamic state in two-phase and multi-phase flow researches field, and can have a wide application prospect in the fields of energy sources, environment, national defense, machinery, chemical industry, metallurgy, medicines, food, etc.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the measuring method and the device thereof of particle diameter and speed in two-phase or multiphase stream.
Background technology:
The 15th fire safety evaluating research international conference collection of thesis (15th meeting of the UJNR panel on fire researchand safety, March 1-7,2000, pp.471-481.) and the 8th liquid and spraying system international conference collection of thesis (8thInternational Conference on Liquid and Spray Systems, Pasadena, USA, 2000,886-892.) point out, the digital molecular matter image that development in recent years is got up (the Digital Particle Image Velocimetry that tests the speed, be called for short DPIV) though but the method stream field is done dynamic measurement of full field, but because its speed that adopts the cross-correlation technique of particle image to rebuild the flow field, thereby require the laser sheet optical must be parallel with flow field direction, and requirement must apply followability and light scattering characteristic trace particle preferably in the flow field to test, and the two-dimension speed that can only obtain the flow field usually distributes; Stereoscopic particle image (the StereoscopicPIV that tests the speed, be called for short SPIV) though technology is carried out the three-dimensional measurement that stereoscopic imaging has realized flow field velocity by adopting two CCD cameras, but it still requires the laser sheet optical must be parallel with flow field direction, and requirement must apply followability and light scattering characteristic trace particle preferably in the flow field to test, can only obtain the speed in flow field and characterisitic parameters such as particle size of particle in the energy measurement flow field not.In addition, concerning two-phase or multiphase flow field (as spray field etc.), because wherein Particle Density often will be much smaller than the density of trace particle in DPIV method and the SPIV method, thereby in its flow field image particle can not satisfy in DPIV and the SPIV method cross correlation algorithm to the requirement of population density in the query window as density, promptly concerning the measurement of two-phase or multiphase flow field velocity, said method also is difficult to realize.
In two-phase or multiphase stream research, in the performance design as spraying cooling, fine mist fire-fighting and the spraying system thereof of hot surface in spray burning, the micromachined process, very be concerned about the instantaneous measurement of flow field velocity and the real-time diagnosis of particle size.Particularly in the performance design of aircraft such as aircraft and the test of taking a flight test, usually need the measurement that experimentizes of distribution rule to flow field in the wind-tunnel and particle thereof; In the research of fuel engines, for energy savings, raise the efficiency and reduce pollution, usually need research firing chamber internal combustion oil atomization and diffusion process and measure the particle diameter and the velocity distribution thereof of oil droplet, thereby provide experimental basis for correct design fuel nozzle and chamber configuration, the suitable oil gas mixing ratio of selection; In various blast researchs, need the number of particles of the aerosol particles in the research blast process, spectrum to distribute and Diffusion Law; In the spraying Study on Cooling of fine mist fire-fighting and hot surface, need the characterisitic parameters such as velocity distribution, size distribution and atomizing cone angle of measurement droplet etc.But as previously mentioned, what prior art had can only carry out spot measurement by stream field, and velocity distribution of flow field is obtained in can only measuring of having, and can not satisfy in two-phase or multiphase stream research the requirement to multiparameter, whole audience kinetic measurement.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention proposes a kind of flow field multiparameter measurement of full field method and measurement mechanism of handling based on laser sheet optical image-forming and digital image analysis thereof, can only obtain the limitation of flow field velocity in flow field survey with the deficiency that solves existing spot measurement technology and DPIV and SPIV technology.
Particle field total-field measurement mechanism based on laser sheet optical image-forming of the present invention comprises laser sheet optical system 1, digital imaging system 2 and image data obtaining system 3; It is characterized in that: described laser sheet optical system 1 is made of laser power supply 4, laser instrument 5, two post lens 6 and 7, beam splitter 8 and catoptrons 9, wherein beam splitter 8 places on the laser beam axis, catoptron 9 places on the optical axis of branch light beams, the first post lens 6 place laser on the optical axis of transmitted light beam behind the beam splitter 8, and the second post lens 7 place the laser beam splitter light beam on the optical axis of the light beam after completely reflecting mirror 9 reflections; Described digital imaging system 2 adopts two CCD cameras 10 and 11, and wherein a CCD camera 10 is perpendicular to the sheet light that is produced through post lens 6 by the laser-transmitting light beam, and the 2nd CCD camera 11 is perpendicular to the sheet light that is produced through post lens 7 by minute light beams; Described image data obtaining system 3 comprises computing machine 14 and the image card 13 that is inserted on the computer motherboard; Image card 13 is connected with 11 output terminal with two CCD cameras 10 respectively by video transmission line; Two CCD cameras 10 are connected with same controller 12 by the Data Control line respectively with 11; Two bundle laser sheet opticals are in the flow field regions 16 of two-phase or multiphase flow field generating means 15 generations, and wherein beam of laser sheet light face is parallel with flowing to of flow field 16, and another bundle is vertical with the flow direction in flow field 16.
LASER Light Source 5 of the present invention can be the Ar+ laser instrument, also can be semiconductor laser or other pulsed laser light source; Two post lens 6 and 7 can directly be placed on the laser beam optical axis, also can increase by a collimation lens combination between the first post lens 6 and the beam splitter 8 and between the second post lens 7 and the catoptron 9, so that the thickness of laser sheet optical approaches (less than 1 millimeter or littler) as far as possible; Two post lens 6 and 7, beam splitter 8 and catoptron 9 put positions apart from the distance of laser exit according to the size in experiment test space and the requirement of laser sheet optical thickness is come fixed; Two CCD cameras 10 and 11 can be the subassemblies of CCD and optics pick-up lens (fixed focal length or adjustable focal length), also can be digital camera or digital gamma camera; For to tens micron diameters or more small particle carry out blur-free imaging, also can add micro-imaging lens at the entrance pupil place of CCD camera; Two CCD cameras 10 and 11 respectively apart from the distance of the laser sheet optical that produces by the first post lens 6 and the second post lens 7 can according to the size of particle in the flow field, exposure and the requirement of imaging region size is come fixed; Two-phase or multiphase flow field generating means 15 does not have specific (special) requirements apart from the position of two laser sheet opticals, as long as regulate the position of flow field generating means 15 or the incoming position of laser sheet optical, the flow field regions of laser sheet optical energy adequate illumination imaging is got final product.
The measuring object of measuring method of the present invention and device thereof can be by the gas-solid of two-phase or multiphase flow field generating means 15 generations or the solid particles in the gas-liquid two-phase flow field, as the powder dust particle in the dust explosion, solid particle in the food processing process and the flue gas particle in the early fire detection etc., also can be liquid particle in gas-liquid two-phase or the heterogeneous flow field, as the droplet of spray cooling system in the thin water smoke droplet in various liquid fuel spraying droplets, the fine water mist fire-extinguishing system in the spray burning process, spray droplets in the spraying process and the little process etc.
The present invention is based on the particle field total-field measurement of laser sheet optical image-forming, it is characterized in that by the particle in the laser sheet optical illumination test flow field of mutually orthogonal, utilize two CCD cameras to obtain respectively perpendicular to the picture of particle in the flow field direction cross section and the movement locus image that is parallel to particle in the flow field direction plane, what of the identification picture of particle and its shared pixel of statistical study to determine the size of its equivalent diameter by, the movement locus figure that analyzes the identification particle determines the size and the direction thereof of particle movement speed, and the yardstick spectrum that provides particle in the imaging plane distributes and the velocity field distribution.
Compared with prior art, because the present invention has taked the quadrature arrangement of laser sheet optical incident direction, be that the laser sheet optical face both can be parallel to the flow field and flows to incident, also can flow to incident perpendicular to the flow field, therefore both can carry out blur-free imaging to the particle in the plane that flows to perpendicular to the flow field, also can obtain the movement locus of particle in the plane that is parallel to the flow field flow direction, and then the particle size that obtains particle by Direct Recognition and statistical study to the single particle image and yardstick spectrum thereof distribute, and movement velocity and the distribution thereof of determining particle in the flow field by the identification and the statistical study of particle movement track image, thereby both solved the deficiency of spot measurement method in the flow-field test, solved the DPIV/SPIV method simultaneously and can only measure the limitation of obtaining flow field velocity, made it have multiparameter, the advantage of whole audience kinetic measurement.
Because among the present invention is imaging object with the particle in the flow field only, thereby need not the people for applying any trace particle, this had both been avoided in the DPIV/SPIV technology trace particle followability and analysis of light Scattering and requirement, the more important thing is the interference problem of having avoided because of trace particle that stream field causes that applies, also avoided because of preparation of tracer particles simultaneously and apply technology and the funding problems that is faced.
Based on above advantage, the present invention can be widely used in two-phase or multiphase stream research (as in the spraying cooling of hot surface in spray burning, the micromachined process, the early fire detection to the identification of smoke particle and the performance design of analysis, fine mist fire-fighting and spraying system thereof) multiparameter, the whole audience kinetic measurement of middle stream field.Therefore, the particle field total-field measurement that the present invention developed has very wide application prospect and scientific value in research fields such as energy and environment, national defence, machinery, chemical industry, metallurgy, medicine and food.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is Particle Field measuring method and the device synoptic diagram thereof that the present invention is based on laser sheet optical image-forming;
Fig. 2 is the measurement mechanism synoptic diagram of standard glass spherule seed footpath and speed among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the experimental provision synoptic diagram of thin water smoke droplet characteristic among the embodiment 2;
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with description of drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: to the measurement of solid particles particle diameter and velocity distribution in the Two-Phase Flow Field
In the present embodiment, laser sheet optical system 1 is that the semiconductor laser 5 of 650nm, two post lens 6 and 7, beam splitter 8 and catoptrons 9 constitute by laser power supply 4, wavelength, beam splitter 8 is placed about 200mm place on the optical axis of laser instrument 5, the first post lens 6 place laser about 150mm place on the optical axis of transmitted light beam behind the beam splitter 8, catoptron 9 places about 250mm place on the optical axis of laser through dividing light beams behind the beam splitter 8, and the second post lens 7 place branch light beams about 250mm place on the beam optical axis after catoptron 9 reflections; Two resolution of digital imaging system 2 employings are 1024 * 768 CCD camera 10 and 11, wherein a CCD camera 10 is perpendicular to the sheet light that is produced through the first post lens 6 by the laser-transmitting light beam, and the 2nd CCD camera 11 is perpendicular to the sheet light that is produced through the second post lens 7 by minute light beams, and the CCD camera is about 100mm respectively apart from the distance of laser sheet optical; Image data obtaining system 3 comprises computing machine 14 and the image card 13 that is inserted on the computer motherboard; Image card 13 is connected with 11 output terminal with two CCD cameras 10 respectively by video transmission line; Two CCD cameras 10 are connected with same controller 12 by the Data Control line respectively with 11; Two-phase or multiphase flow field generating means 15 places the below of two laser sheet opticals, its the flow field that produces 16 vertical with the laser sheet optical plane that is produced by the first post lens 6, and with plane parallel by the second post lens 7 sheet light that produces, and it is placed apart from the about 100mm of the latter.
The glass tube container that two-phase or multiphase flow field generating means 15 in the present embodiment is a both ends open, the diameter of glass tube interlude are 5 to 6 times of two open section diameters; Normal glass spherolite that is placed in the known mean grain size at lower open end place is in advance produced uniform Particle Field at the upper open end place under the effect of fan blower 17; Support 22 is fixed on the level table, and the glass tube container of flow field generating means 15 is fixed on the support 22; Fan blower 17 is connected by plastic flexible pipe 18 with glass container.
During measurement, open the power supply of fan blower, laser instrument, CCD camera and computing machine, start the image that the image card obtains normal glass spherolite; Determine its area sizes, determine the equivalent diameter of single particle to provide its size distribution by statistical study again by what of the shared pixel of number single particles image then all particle diameters in the imaging region according to area of a circle computing method; According to the length of single particle movement locus and the first movement velocity of determining single particle of time shutter of imaging system, provide the distribution of whole field particle movement velocity then by statistical study to all particle movement speed in the imaging region.
As the experimental verification of apparatus of the present invention and method, having adopted mean grain size in the present embodiment is 115 microns normal glass spherolite; Adopting in the measurement result of said apparatus and method maximum particle diameter is that 121 microns, minimum grain size are that 78 microns, mean grain size are 111.6 microns; The speed of the air-flow that adopts in the experiment is 0.22m/s, and the mean value of experimental measurements is 0.21m/s.The above results explanation the present invention is that its relative error is no more than 3% and 5% respectively reliably to the measurement result of solid particles particle diameter and speed in the Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid field.
Embodiment 2: the measurement of liquid particle diameter in gas-liquid two-phase flow field (thin water smoke droplet flow field)
The formation of measurement mechanism and layout are substantially the same manner as Example 1 in the present embodiment, and different is: the sheet parallel light that is produced by the first post lens 6 in the present embodiment is in flow field direction, and the sheet light that is produced by the second post lens 7 is perpendicular to flow field direction; In the present embodiment on the transmitted light path of the second post lens 7 about 200mm to have laid at the place diameter be the collimation lens 21 of 300mm, purpose is to be parallel plate light with the fanning strip optical alignment, so that the light distribution of laser sheet optical is even as far as possible.
The combined system that two-phase or multiphase flow field generating means 15 is a water storage device and fine mist spray head 19 in the present embodiment, connect by stainless-steel tube 20 between them, Two-Phase Flow Field is the thin water smoke droplet flow field 16 that spray produces from the about 1 meter fine mist spray head 19 in the top of laser sheet optical.
During measurement, open the power supply of laser instrument, CCD camera and computing machine, open the water storage device switch, start the image that the image card obtains thin water smoke droplet; Determine its area sizes, determine the equivalent diameter of single particle to provide its size distribution by statistical study again by what of the shared pixel of number single particles image then all particle diameters in the imaging region according to area of a circle computing method; According to the length of single particle movement locus and the first movement velocity of determining single particle of time shutter of imaging system, provide the distribution of whole field particle movement velocity then by statistical study to all particle movement speed in the imaging region.
The working pressure of water system is regulated in 0.1～1.0MPa scope in the present embodiment, utilize above-mentioned measurement mechanism can obtain under the different pressures condition image and the movement locus image thereof of thin water smoke droplet respectively, can obtain size distribution and mean grain size, velocity distribution polar plot and the average velocity of thin water smoke droplet then according to said method; It is to apply under the situation of any probe material that present embodiment illustrates simultaneously nobody, utilizes apparatus of the present invention and method to measure simultaneously to obtain the size of mist droplet particle size and speed in the thin water smoke mist field and distributes.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of particle field total-field measurement mechanism based on laser sheet optical image-forming comprises laser sheet optical system (1), digital imaging system (2) and image data obtaining system (3); It is characterized in that: described laser sheet optical system (1) is by laser power supply (4), laser instrument (5), two post lens (6,7), beam splitter (8) and catoptron (9) constitute, wherein beam splitter (8) places on the laser beam axis, catoptron (9) places on the optical axis of branch light beams, the first post lens (6) place laser on the optical axis of transmitted light beam behind the beam splitter (8), and the second post lens (7) place the laser beam splitter light beam on the optical axis of the light beam after completely reflecting mirror (9) reflection; Described digital imaging system (2) adopts two CCD cameras (10,11), wherein a CCD camera (10) is perpendicular to the sheet light that is produced through the first post lens (6) by the laser-transmitting light beam, and the 2nd CCD camera (11) is perpendicular to the sheet light that is produced through the second post lens (7) by minute light beams; Described image data obtaining system (3) comprises computing machine (14) and is inserted in image card (13) on the computer motherboard; Image card (13) is connected with the output terminal of a CCD camera (10) and the 2nd CCD camera (11) respectively by video transmission line; The one CCD camera (10) is connected with same controller (12) by the Data Control line respectively with the 2nd CCD camera (11); Two bundle laser sheet opticals are in the flow field regions (16) of two-phase or multiphase flow field generating means (15) generation, and wherein beam of laser sheet light face is parallel with flowing to of flow field (16), and another bundle is vertical with the flow direction of flow field (16).
2, a kind of particle field total-field measurement based on laser sheet optical image-forming, it is characterized in that taking the particle in the laser sheet optical illumination test flow field of mutually orthogonal, adopt two CCD cameras to obtain respectively perpendicular to the picture of particle in the flow field direction cross section and the movement locus image that is parallel to particle in the flow field direction plane, what of the identification picture of particle and its shared pixel of statistical study to determine the size of its equivalent diameter by, the movement locus figure that analyzes the identification particle determines the size and the direction thereof of particle movement speed, and the yardstick spectrum that provides particle in the imaging plane distributes and the velocity field distribution.
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