CN1248655A

CN1248655A - Composite building block

Info

Publication number: CN1248655A
Application number: CN 98119659
Authority: CN
Inventors: D·J·西韦特
Original assignee: Anchor Wall Systems Inc
Current assignee: Anchor Wall Systems Inc
Priority date: 1998-09-18
Filing date: 1998-09-18
Publication date: 2000-03-29

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composite brick laying, including a brick body basically made into the form of rectangle. Said described brick body possesses bevel corner surface and an interlocking flange. Said inventionalso relates to the building made of said composite bricks and the production method of said composite brick.

Description

Composite building block

The present invention relates generally to a kind of composite building block that is used for building the gardens structure.More particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of like this composite building block, its die casting on its side, and can be used for building landscape hardwork thing such as stair and retaining wall, and the indentation amount is minimum.

The construction of dwelling house and commercial buildings and the exploitation of free space have been directed at the natural profile that uses various means to overcome the soil.The most welcome place of need building dwelling house or other structure usually is those places with rough topography.Woody valley, slope, the cliff etc. that can look down river and lake all are the physical relieves that often must be overcome before the structure building.Except building building, when in garden, playground, place etc., developing useful plot, also often need manually construct terrain profile.

Though people have used a lot of structure to come the artificially to construct terrain profile or have formed landform,, retaining wall has developed into common means that can be used as supporting, maintenance back or change other orographic condition.Generally, retaining wall is a kind of like this physical arrangement, that is: it is towering on the landform plane of one side with adjacent on the another side of resisting this wall but the higher soil in position.

Retaining wall can be formed by various materials, comprises steel or other alloy, timber or other material block.The material that is widely accepted and adopts in buildings such as retaining wall is the mold pressing building block.The building block that is used for this purpose comprises those that are disclosed in people's such as Risi United States Patent (USP) 4,490,075 and people's such as appearance design 280,042 and Forsberg United States Patent (USP) 4,802,320 and the appearance design 296,007.These building blocks are finalized and increase the weight of, thereby can constitute and a kind ofly can make the stable wall of landform by the shearing weight of building block.Often be that these systems are designed at an angle " indentation ", with the pressure of opposing wall behind soil.Indentation generally is meant the distance that certain one deck brick of wall stretches out than the forward position of the adjacent last layer brick of same wall more.For the fragment of brick of same ratio, can think that also indentation is the distance that stretch out backward with respect to the following rear surface of one deck brick the rear surface of the fragment of brick of higher one deck.In the vertical building such as retaining wall, stability depends on the indentation amount between the deck and the weight of fragment of brick.

For example, disclosed a kind of retaining wall fragment of brick in the U.S. Patent No. 2,313,363 of authorizing Schmitt, it has can be fixing on the throne and can make tongue or the lip that has certain indentation between a brick layer and next the brick layer with fragment of brick.The tongue of locating on fragment of brick soffit plane that Schmitt invented or the thickness of lip have determined the indentation amount of fragment of brick.But the less fragment of brick that is used in dwelling house etc. must be shaped on less tongue or flange, to avoid damaging its structural integrity because of wall has excessive indentation amount.But, utilize the less fragment of brick that has than tonguelet of conventional art manufacturing can not make the tongue of fragment of brick or lip have suitable structural integrity.Simultaneously, the size that reduces tongue or flange can weaken and jeopardize this member, this block layer of described fragment of brick, even jeopardizes whole wall.

When designing for manufacturing simply also can be used for the fragment of brick of dwelling house and commercial market, often also the problem that some other can hinder the manufacturing of fragment of brick can take place.For example, each fragment of brick can be made individually, but this is too expensive for a lot of situations.More generally be that the mode that forms with (promptly with its back side) of putting upside down by brickmaking machine forms lays bricks.In press casting procedure, put on the pressure of wet filler and be present in pressure head and filler between moisture content hinder the bright and clean structure that forms interlocking member through regular meeting because described interlocking member dimension scale is very little of minimum indentation amount to be provided between each layer of wall.Have again, extra indentation amount entail dangers to stability of structure, and do not having to hinder the wall simple structure under the situation of auxiliary supporting system.

As disclosing in the patent of Forsberg, a kind of means that obtain minimum indentation amount are: fixed or stake is on the prepositioned fragment of brick of one deck down with the fragment of brick pin of last layer.Yet, owing to adopt pin fixed system more complicated, need be to the tight supervision of labourer.A kind of like this investment of wasting time and energy usually can not get selling the value of gardens facility and supports.In addition, miss pin or it is mislayed the structural integrity of entail dangers to entire wall in the fragment of brick.

As seen, make at present composite building block technology, design and utilize these fragments of brick to come construction of buildings all to have obvious defects.

The invention provides a kind of method that is used for the die casting composite building block, it can make the indentation amount for minimum can also guarantee to produce simultaneously have fragment of brick minimum dimension and optimum structural integrity, that have flange or locking piece.In preferred embodiment, fragment of brick of the present invention is suitable for being used for building housing construction, provides to have the vertical building that higher stability also has minimum dimension and minimum indentation amount simultaneously.Fragment of brick of the present invention also remains with a flange, with the special construction and the real size of this flange, in case use described fragment of brick that a kind of effective locking mechanism can be provided.In use, fragment of brick of the present invention can provide building such as retaining wall, do not need to use pin between each brick layer, can also make simultaneously minimum indentation amount between each brick layer less than 1 inch.Fragment of brick of the present invention can manufacture various sizes, for the use of house building or commercial buildings.

A first aspect of the present invention is a composite building block, and it has six rectangular basically face brick bodies.Described brick body has an oblique angle face, and described oblique angle face and intersects angle less than 90 degree with respect to described upper surface between the rear surface of described fragment of brick and upper surface and across described fragment of brick width.Described fragment of brick also has one and extends from described fragment of brick rear surface and across the flange of described fragment of brick width, and the described flange that is cast into is to be used to described oblique angle face with an adjacent fragment of brick match and merge interlocking.The present invention has also disclosed and has comprised some buildings retaining wall, that be built into by composite building block of the present invention.

A second aspect of the present invention is the method that becomes the molded composite building block of piece on its side, it comprises that the uncovered upper end by mixture being introduced described fragment of brick mould is full of the fragment of brick mould with mixture, and by to exert pressure at the exposed mixture in the opened type of fragment of brick mould upper end with the mixture in the compression mould on its side with the fragment of brick die cast.

Fig. 1 is the stereogram according to an embodiment of the composite building block of the inventive method manufacturing;

Fig. 2 is the vertical view of composite building block shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 is the lateral view of composite building block shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 4 is the retaining wall that an embodiment of usefulness composite building block of the present invention builds.

Fig. 5 is the sectional view that cuts open the described retaining wall of getting along Fig. 4 center line 5-5.

Fig. 6 is the stereogram that the partial cutaway of the retaining wall of usefulness composite building block construction of the present invention is got.

Fig. 7 is the sectional view that cuts open the described retaining wall of getting along Fig. 6 center line 7-7.

Fig. 8 is the schematic flow sheet of an embodiment of the inventive method.

Fig. 9 is the vertical view of a filling mould of making according to the inventive method.

Therefore, the invention provides a kind of composite building block, and the method that is used for making this fragment of brick and the building member such as the retaining wall of building by this fragment of brick.

Method of the present invention provides a kind of fragment of brick with higher structural integrity economically, when on described block side, it being carried out when molded, can be with some building unit on the fragment of brick, promptly, flange and oblique angle are formed on the described fragment of brick, and in use these fragments of brick can be used to build one and have minimum indentation amount and do not need to use the retaining wall of pin, stake or other fastening devices.

Composite building block

Now see also each accompanying drawing, wherein every identical label is all represented identical parts, and a composite building block 15 is substantially shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3.A first aspect of the present invention is a composite building block, and it has a rectangular substantially body, and described body has a front surface 22 and a rear surface 24, and they are separated by the degree of depth of described fragment of brick.Described fragment of brick also has a upper surface 26 and a lower surface 28, and they are separated by the height of fragment of brick.Described upper and lower surface is by forward and backward surperficial 22 and 24 boundaries, and with described forward and backward surperficial adjacency.At last, described fragment of brick has first side 32 and second side 34, and they are separated by the width of fragment of brick.First side and second side all are rectangle basically.Described fragment of brick also has an oblique angle face 40, and it couples together between rear surface 24 and upper surface 26 and with described rear surface and upper surface.Described oblique angle face 40 is across the width of fragment of brick 15, and with the angle of intersection of described upper surface less than 90 degree.

Described fragment of brick also has one and 24 extends and across the flange 50 of fragment of brick width from the fragment of brick rear surface.Described flange 50 comprises a bottom surface 52 and an interlocking face 54.Described interlocking face between fragment of brick soffit 28 and flange bottom surface 52 and in abutting connection with described soffit and flange bottom surface, and with one with the essentially identical angular orientation of angle of oblique angle face 40.Flange bottom surface 52 has a width w substantially, and when h ' equaled h, the indentation distance between described w and each layer brick was relevant, referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.When h ' was not equal to h, the indentation amount between each layer brick can be decided by various factors, and they comprise the difference between the length of the length of upper surface 26 and soffit 28, the angle of oblique angle face 40 and interlocking face 54.

First member of composite building block is the brick body of fragment of brick 15.The brick body of described fragment of brick provides weight and physical arrangement for the system that uses described fragment of brick, and the gardens structure such as retaining wall must can not only provide the structural obstructions thing to shear weight and build with the structure of bearing these active forces to keep out soil natural and flow and can also provide by those usually.And the brick body of fragment of brick can provide some bearing surfaces, and these bearing surfaces can be used for settling the art pattern such as the comfortable that can find on the front surface 22 of fragment of brick, referring to Fig. 1.At last, the brick body of fragment of brick of the present invention can also provide a substrate that is used for supporting each member, and when in the building that is used in such as wall, described substrate helps to form an interlocking matrix with other fragment of brick.Specifically, described fragment of brick has a beveled edge 40 and a flange 50 that helps the interlocked of fragment of brick to use.

In a word, described fragment of brick can be taked different shape according to the present invention.Described fragment of brick preferably keeps elongated or the cubical shape of rectangle as shown in Figure 1.As from figure, can know see, described fragment of brick has six faces substantially at least.Front surface 22 outside wall faces can be flat, perhaps can have a coarse fragment of brick appearance, to strengthen the aesthetic feeling of its appearance.Front surface 22 can be smooth or coarse, the plane or crooked, and single face facet or multiaspect facet.The degree of depth that rear surface 24 is parallel to front surface and strides across fragment of brick 15 is positioned at the opposite of front surface 22.Upper surface 26 is parallel to soffit 28 and strides across the height of described fragment of brick from soffit 28.Can see that the degree of depth of upper surface 26 is greater than the degree of depth of soffit 28.Difference on the angle of difference on the degree of depth and beveled edge 40 and locking face 54 constitutes the indentation amount between each layer fragment of brick.Described fragment of brick also has one first side 32 and one second side 34 respectively, and they are parallel each other across the width of described fragment of brick.

In its preferred embodiment, fragment of brick of the present invention is suitable for being used for building the similar applications of shelter and other similar construction landscape hardwork thing by the people of householder, dried scrappy odd jobs.In this case, described fragment of brick is to nearly weigh 15 pounds to 50 pounds substantially, and has about 4 to 6 inches height, 7 to 10 inches width, about 10 to 14 inches length.

Between upper surface 26 and rear surface 24 is a beveled edge 40, as shown in figures 1 and 3.Described beveled edge provides such member for described system, and it can make a plurality of composite building block interlockings ground in abutting connection with getting up so that the landscape hardwork thing to be provided.Described beveled edge 40 is convenient to provide and is had fragment of brick minimum indentation amount, less, and an interlocking flange 50 that replenishes with high structural integrity can also be provided simultaneously.Specifically, by beveled edge 40 is set, can remove material from having than the part of the fragment of brick of high structural strength.Simultaneously, for a surface that replenishes can be provided, material can be added on the flange 50 to form surface 54.

In a word, beveled edge 40 can be taked arbitrary shape or form.Beveled edge is the plane preferably, and between fragment of brick upper surface 26 and fragment of brick rear surface 24 and in abutting connection with described upper surface 26 and described rear surface 24, as shown in Figure 3.Perhaps, beveled edge 40 can have a curved surfaces, rather than a flat surface.In this embodiment, the radian of beveled edge is complementary with the radian of the locking face that gradient is arranged basically.This beveled edge 40 has the angles less than 90 degree that form with fragment of brick upper surface 26 and rear surface 24 substantially.Beveled edge 40 is across the whole width of described fragment of brick, and with the network structure that helps to provide each fragment of brick 15 interlocking is got up, described each fragment of brick can pile up in the mode of linear fashion or biasing.

For example, described each composite building block can be mutual align or biasing.Each fragment of brick of biasing especially when building a retaining wall, helps to form a wall with higher structural stability, as shown in Figure 4.The fragment of brick that the whole width of use is provided with beveled edge 40 can allow as shown in Figure 3 the first fragment of brick top become another fragment of brick flange 50 at random or the pedestal of biasing.Therefore, can adopt various bias modes with described fragment of brick of the present invention.

With beveled edge 40 complementations of fragment of brick of the present invention be one from the fragment of brick rear surface 24 flanges 50 that extend downwards, as shown in Figure 2.Flange 50 and beveled edge 40 provide an effective interlocked to use and an indentation amount is minimum mechanism, and it can stablize structure constructed in accordance.And in the present invention, the indentation amount is not equal to the width of the flange in the soffit plane.

The flange that is used on the fragment of brick of the present invention has an additional thickness, and it has at least the extension rear surface 24 of an inclined-plane and fragment of brick soffit 28 and fragment of brick adjacent.Flange 50 provides minimum indentation amount by the inclined-plane on beveled edge 40 and the flange 50 for described fragment of brick, and the contained cement of described flange can be to have the twice of a geometry perpendicular to the contained cement of the flange of the soffit 28 of fragment of brick 15.The interpolation material that uses in the process that forms described flange can improve the intensity of flange, thereby can overcome the problem of the less function bricks of design, described less function bricks has some can build high-strength building thing such as wall and structural member that can excessive indentation.

In a word, the flange 50 that is used in the fragment of brick of the present invention can comprise that the extensional surface and of fragment of brick rear surface 24 is with described fragment of brick locking angled surface on the throne.Described angled surface can be in abutting connection with the rear surface 24 edge and fragment of brick soffit 28, and between this two plane." the locking face " though of described dihedral can and the fragment of brick soffit intersect unspecified angle between 0 ° to 90 °,, locking face must have basically the angle identical angle relevant with beveled edge and fragment of brick soffit 28.Next, from making flange 50 that the major function of optimum intensity and minimum indentation amount can be provided, the angle of the locking face that intersects with fragment of brick soffit 28 is preferably less than 90 °, and more preferably approximately from 30 ° to 60 °, best is approximately from 40 ° to 50 °.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the fragment of brick flange has a locking face 54, and described locking face is the plane basically, and in abutting connection with fragment of brick soffit 28 and flange bottom surface 52.Described locking face is between above two surfaces.Flange locking face 54 is provided with each fragment of brick across the width of described fragment of brick thereby can be offset.

As can see from Figure 3, described flange preferably can comprise a bottom surface 52 (optional) and a locking face 54.These surfaces can be adopted differing heights, the degree of depth and the width of arbitrary numerical value according to the present invention, so that each fragment of brick 15 interlocking are on the throne, and provide stable retaining wall or other landscape hardwork thing.

As can seeing from this preferred embodiment, flange 50 extends out from the rear surface 24 of composite building block 15, and bottom surface 52 is parallel to the plane 28 of fragment of brick soffit but is positioned at its below.Bottom surface 52 is across the width of fragment of brick, and by a common edge in abutting connection with fragment of brick rear surface 24.When the height h of beveled edge 40 equaled the height h ' (referring to Fig. 3) of flange 50, the width w (referring to Fig. 2) of bottom surface 52 had determined the indentation amount between an one deck fragment of brick and the last higher level fragment of brick.W is generally preferably less than 2 inches, be more preferably less than about 1 inch, thereby a kind of like this fragment of brick can be provided, it can not only be settled because of its proper mass is correct, and can make indentation amount between one deck fragment of brick supreme one higher brick layer less than about 1 inch, as Fig. 4-shown in Figure 7.

Composite building block 15 of the present invention can be used for building the landscape hardwork thing of arbitrary quantity.The several examples that can use some buildings of fragment of brick construction of the present invention have been shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 7.As can see from Figure 4, composite building block of the present invention can be used for utilizing each independent brick layer 62 to build a retaining wall 60, and the wall of being built can reach arbitrary desired height.As we can see from the figure, the indentation amount between each brick layer is still measured with w, as shown in Figure 5.No matter highly how the angle of beveled edge 40, flange 50 and flange locking face 54 and, fragment of brick of the present invention can provide one less than 2 inches, preferable indentation amount less than 1 inch.Each fragment of brick can be piled up in the mode of a kind of uniform mode or biasing according to required applicable cases.

In a word, build a building such as retaining wall and carry out like this: at first under ground line, form a trench zone that the first floor fragment of brick is set in it, as shown in Figure 5.In case after forming, partly filling and compacting or flatten described trench.Then, the first floor fragment of brick is placed in the described trench.The first floor fragment of brick can comprise the fragment of brick of placing with its back side usually downwards, and purpose forms a model or retaining layer at the pedestal place of described retaining wall.From Fig. 4-Fig. 7, as seen, then continuous brick layer is piled up on last brick layer top the described retaining wall 66 of backfill simultaneously.Because stability depends on weight and minimum indentation amount, therefore, the minimum indentation amount that is provided by fragment of brick of the present invention is the lighter fragment of brick of stable weight further.This minimum indentation amount can improve the stability of the less fragment of brick of size, can delay the displacement backward of its level because wall constantly increases by its brick layer.

Fragment of brick of the present invention can also be made the wall of convex or spill, as shown in Figure 6.Each fragment of brick can be placed to such an extent that be an angle toward each other, thereby a pattern that crawls with convex and concave surface can be provided.Fig. 7 shows the sectional view of this wall.In this case, in the earth, form a trench once more.The first brick layer of described wall is placed in the described trench, and the described first brick layer will be positioned at below the soil after described wall is carried out backfill.Figure 7 illustrates the sectional view of wall shown in Figure 6.Fragment of brick 15 is placed on one and fixes with on bed course or the basement rock 70, and described fixing is fixed on embankment 66 inside with bed course or basement rock 70 with each bitt 72.Each bitt 72 can play the effect of an auxiliary ballast to described wall, so that additional strength to be provided.Each bitt 72 can on the whole length direction of each brick layer and layer with layer between staggering to determining deviation, thereby provide a general stability for the entire wall structure.In addition, can easily each fragment of brick of the present invention be rived, in retaining wall etc., to form the various buildings such as 90 ° of corners.

Become the molded fragment of brick of piece

Another aspect of the present invention is the method that is used for pouring into a mould or making composite building block of the present invention.This method comprises substantially by fill a stock mould with mixture makes composite building block in its side mold, and by being cast into fragment of brick with the mixture in the compression mould in its side to exerting pressure at the exposed mixture in the opened type upper end of fragment of brick mould.

The formation of fragment of brick of the present invention or cast are to carry out on the side of described fragment of brick.Eliminated the contact between the wet surface of the wet filler that is used for forming flange and mould pressure head and eliminated bonding phenomenon between them thus forming fragment of brick on its side.When required fragment of brick be have on surface and the soffit thereon higher accuracy requirement than primary structural component the time, this method is useful especially.As a result, just have no chance to contact or bond with the wet surface of described pressure head than the wet filler of primary structural component, otherwise, in case just unclamping, pressure head described member may be pulled down from described fragment of brick.Component such as interlocking flange 50 can form in this way, and it can provide minimum physical dimension.

Because those members such as interlocking flange 50 can not be subjected to the direct compression of described pressure head, phenomenon therefore just can not bond between wet filler that compresses described flange and wet pressing head.Therefore, method of the present invention can be used for forming the interlocking flange that has minimum dimension but have higher structural integrity.When forming the brick layer piled up continuously with fragment of brick when building a wall wall or other building, the minimum dimension of interlocking flange can provide minimum indentation amount.Fragment of brick of the present invention is as being used in flange and the beveled edge that the method for pressurizeing on its soffit or the upper surface can not form the structural integrity that the fragment of brick by the inventive method manufacturing has when the die casting.

In flow chart shown in Figure 8, can see the whole process of described method.Generally, this method from the mix concrete filler and.According to intensity, water imbibition, density and amount of contraction and the required other factors of certain given concrete block, can adopt any concrete mix among the present invention.A kind of mixture that has been found that preferably includes cement, flyash, water, sand and gravel or rock.But other composition that comprises plasticizing agent, waterproof agent, crosslinking agent, dyestuff, colorant, pigment etc. also can add in the described mixture, and it is decided on physical characteristic required in the final fragment of brick.

Can design fragment of brick according to the ASTM standard, around a plurality of different physical characteristics, it is decided on the final applicable cases of fragment of brick.For example, it is husky and 75 to 95% the gathering materials of gravel that described filler can comprise, the ratio of husky and gravel can change with the physical characteristic that made fragment of brick institute desire shows.Described filler can comprise also that generally concentration range is at certain cement of 4% to 12%.Other constituent can be added in the described filler with various trace levels then, so that the fragment of brick with required physical characteristic to be provided.

Generally, in case determine just described filler constituent to be put in several the common mixers, comprise those mixers to the frequent employing of mixed cement and concrete technology skilled person institute.In order to mix described filler, before pouring into cement, pour into earlier gather materials, sand and rock.After one to two fen half, can add the plasticizing agent that will adopt.Then, in filler, introduce water with the impulse form in one to two minute cycle.The concentration of water in mixture can be by in process, noting each time the resistance of mixture come in addition electricity monitoring.Though the water yield can be changed to another kind of filler formulation from a kind of filler formulation, its general scope is about 1% to 6%.

In case mix filler, in the hopper of just filler can being packed into, described hopper can be transported to filler in the mould 80 of brickmaking machine intimate, sees Fig. 9.The mode of each fragment of brick die casting on their side can be placed on filler in the described die cavity with a kind of.Mould 80 can be made a brick, perhaps as can be seen from Fig. 9, makes the polylith brick by a kind of die cavity that can unite a large amount of fragments of brick that are shaped.Die cavity 81 can form the special structure of fragment of brick flange 50 by zone 50 '.Though the shape of mould is the comparison key, also can adopt those known brickmaking machines of one skilled in the art.Have found that a kind of machine comparatively useful in making fragment of brick of the present invention is a Besser V-3/12 brickmaking machine.

In case mould is filled, wipe filler off and through shake, the pressing mechanism such as a pressure head focuses on the exposed surface of filler by a device such as the feed box tugger.Pressure head can be to the one sufficiently long period of extruding of the filler in the mould, to form a solid continuous product.Pressure head known to those of ordinary skill in the art, is a kind of like this device, and it has the pattern with fragment of brick and die cavity 81 mirror image symmetries, and with mould 80 complementations.Usually, extrusion time can be between 1/2 to 2 second.In case arrived extrusion time, pressure head combines with the bottom pallet and just fragment of brick 15 can be tripped out from mould 80.At this moment just formed fragment of brick.

Before extruding, can swing die.Usually, be that filler is transported to hopper from batch mixer, recharge mould 80.Subsequently, mould shake reached for 2 or 3 seconds, was that to guarantee that uniform filling is distributed in the entire die necessary during this period of time.Squeezing action by pressure head forms fragment of brick then.

In case fragment of brick forms, can adopt any device known to the those of ordinary skill of present technique field to make it sclerosis.Sclerosis mechanisms such as for example simple air hardening, steaming pressure, steam sclerosis or wet fog sclerosis all are the modes that makes the fragment of brick sclerosis that the present invention can adopt.Air hardening is as long as be put into fragment of brick in the surrounding environment simply, there they will be through after-hardening after a while in open air.Steam and press sclerosis to require fragment of brick is put in the pressurizing chamber, and be maintained at an elevated temperature for a period of time.Then, by in the chamber, producing a stable wet fog pressure in the chamber is increased.After sclerosis is finished, discharge the pressure in the chamber, moisture can be extracted out from fragment of brick like this.

The mode of another kind of sclerosis fragment of brick is to adopt steam.Chamber temp slowly raise within two to three hours, and kept stable at the 4th hour.Steam is closed gradually, and fragment of brick is remained on normally 120 °-200 final temperature, continues two to three hours.Cut off thermal source then, make each fragment of brick cooling.In all cases, before fragment of brick piles up or stores, allow each fragment of brick to place usually 12 to 24 hours.The key of curing operation is to make temperature slowly to raise.If it is too fast that temperature raises, fragment of brick will " case hardening ".Case hardening is to occur in the shell of fragment of brick sclerosis and fixed and inside fragment of brick take place still to keep in uncured and the humidity.

In case sclerosis if each fragment of brick has been " two reconnect " or paired mode by die casting, can separate each fragment of brick.Adoptable separator comprises a manual chisel and a hammer in the inventive method, and the machine for this purpose known to the those of ordinary skill in the technology of the present invention field.Because can pour into a mould fragment of brick more than one in arbitrary preset time, detached job can be saved the cost of production of fragment of brick of the present invention.And each fragment of brick of combination die casting can be made some irregular, as to have aesthetic feeling front surface 24.When paired die casting, fragment of brick 15 (referring to Fig. 9) can be cast with a built-in groove 17 on the upper and lower surface between two bricks.This groove 17 has a pair of recast and uses: it can strengthen the aesthetic property of each fragment of brick appearance; Natural weakness or the tomography of being convenient to centrifugation also are provided simultaneously.In case separate, just each fragment of brick can be piled cube shaped and store.That front surface 22 after each fragment of brick separates can be rendered as is smooth or coarse, single facet or a plurality of faceted, the plane or crooked.

More than description, each example and each embodiment show our present the understanding of the present invention; but; because can also make all variations that does not deviate from its spirit and protection domain to the present invention, therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited by appended claims fully.

Claims

1. the composite building block in the retaining wall that is suitable for being used in the vertical substantially no mortar of building, it comprises:

(a) a brick body, it have general planar, parallel and upper surface spaced apart from each other and soffit substantially; The a pair of side surface that separates each other, each side surface and described upper surface and soffit intersect; And in the front surface and the rear surface at described brick body two ends; And

(b) be used for the means of interlocking and each continuous brick layer of indentation automatically, it comprises: an oblique angle face, and it extends on the width of described fragment of brick and backward-facing, and crossing with the upper surface and the rear surface of described brick body less than the angles of 90 degree with one; One flange, it also extends on the width of described fragment of brick, and also from the rear surface and the downward extension of soffit of described brick body, and comprise a locking face forward-facing that on the width of described brick body, extends and intersect with the soffit of described brick body, described locking face is arranged essentially parallel to described oblique angle face, it is characterized in that, the horizontal survey thickness of the flange in described soffit plane is greater than predetermined indentation amount, therefore, minimum indentation amount can be provided, thereby and the vertical substantially wall of formation, meanwhile can also provide intensity for described flange, thereby make it can sustain load on the described wall, and can prevent in packing, transportation, be damaged in processing and the installation process; And, it is characterized in that,

(c) intersecting lens of described oblique angle face and described brick body upper surface with respect to the intersecting lens of described locking face and described brick body soffit on described brick body by displacement backward,

Therefore, when each fragment of brick with the second brick layer constructed in accordance is placed on each fragment of brick of the first brick layer and makes the locking face of each fragment of brick of the second brick layer be positioned on the oblique angle face of each fragment of brick of the first brick layer, each fragment of brick of the second brick layer will be automatically from the first brick layer indentation, one preset distance, and will with the first fragment of brick interlocking, act on load on the wall rear surface thereby can withstand retaining at the earth behind the wall and water.

2. composite building block as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,

(a) upper surface of described brick body and the distance between soffit are about 4 inches to 6 inches;

(b) each side of described brick body is the plane substantially, and is parallel to each other basically, and is spaced from each other about 7 inches to about 10 inches;

(c) front surface of described brick body and rear surface are the plane substantially, and are parallel to each other basically, and are spaced from each other about 10 to about 14 inches; And

(d) weight of described fragment of brick is between about 15 pounds and about 50 pounds.

3. composite building block as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described flange comprises a bottom surface, it is parallel to described upper surface and described soffit substantially, and across the width of described fragment of brick, and adjacent with described locking face and described rear surface, and between aforementioned two surfaces.

4. composite building block as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described composite parts comprises sand, stone and cement.

5. composite building block as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described locking face becomes angle same basically with described oblique angle face tilt.

6. composite building block as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the width of described bottom surface is less than 1 inch.

7. composite building block as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the width of described bottom surface approximately is 3/4 inch.

8. composite building block as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described front surface is coarse.

9. composite building block as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the angle of described oblique angle face and described flange locking face comprises the angles from extremely about 60 degree of about 30 degree, and this angle is relevant with the upper surface of described brick body.

10. retaining wall fragment of brick as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the predetermined indentation amount between described each brick layer is from about 0.5 inch to about 1.5 inches.

11. retaining wall fragment of brick as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the predetermined indentation amount between described each brick layer is less than about 1 inch.

12. retaining wall fragment of brick as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the predetermined indentation amount between described each brick layer approximately is 3/4 inch.

13. a composite building block, it comprises:

A) a rectangular substantially brick body, it has: a front surface and a rear surface, they comprise that by one the distance institute of the described brick body degree of depth is separated; One upper surface and a lower surface, they comprise that by one the distance of the height of described fragment of brick, described upper surface and described soffit is separated, the degree of depth of described upper surface is greater than the described soffit degree of depth, and described upper and lower surface is by described front surface and described rear surface institute adjacency, and is positioned near described front surface and the rear surface; And first and second side, described first side and second side comprise that by one the distance of described fragment of brick width is separated, described first and second sides have four edges that are 90 degree each other at least, each edge and described front surface, rear surface, upper surface and soffit are adjacent, and described first and second lateral vertical are in described front surface, rear surface, upper surface and soffit;

B) an oblique angle face, it couples together between described rear surface and described upper surface and with them, and described oblique angle face is across the width of described fragment of brick, and is the angles less than 90 degree with respect to described upper surface; And

C) flange, it extends to such an extent that surpass the height of described fragment of brick from the rear surface of described fragment of brick, and across the width of described fragment of brick, described flange comprises bevel locking face, it is between extension of the plane of described fragment of brick soffit and the fragment of brick rear surface in described fragment of brick soffit and described extension, described locking face is oblique angle face trend, and described oblique angle is substantially equal to the angle of described beveled edge.

14. composite building block as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the upper and lower surface of described fragment of brick all is the plane.

15. composite building block as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that described flange comprises a bottom surface, described bottom surface is across described fragment of brick width, and the rear surface of described locking face of adjacency and described extension, described bottom surface is between the rear surface of described locking face and extension.

16. composite building block as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described composite parts comprises sand, stone and cement.

17. composite building block as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described locking face becomes angle same basically with described oblique angle face tilt.

18. composite building block as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the width of described bottom surface is less than 1 inch.

19. composite building block as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the width of described bottom surface is about 3/4 inch.

20. composite building block as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described front surface is coarse.

21. composite building block as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described fragment of brick comprises a retaining wall fragment of brick.

22. composite building block as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the angle of described oblique angle face and described flange locking face equates basically, it comprise one from about 30 degree to 60 degree and the relevant angles of described fragment of brick upper surface.

23. a retaining wall, it comprises the multilayer fragment of brick, has minimum indentation amount between each brick layer, and each described brick layer comprises the polylith composite building block, and each described composite building block comprises:

A) a rectangular substantially brick body, it has: a front surface and a rear surface, they comprise that by one the distance institute of the described brick body degree of depth is separated; One upper surface and a lower surface, they comprise that by one the distance of the height of described fragment of brick is separated; The degree of depth of described upper surface is greater than the degree of depth of described soffit, and described upper and lower surface is by described front surface and described rear surface institute adjacency, and is positioned near described front surface and the rear surface; And first and second side, described first side and second side comprise that by one the distance of described fragment of brick width is separated, described first and second sides have four edges that are 90 degree each other at least, each edge and described front surface, rear surface, upper surface and soffit are adjacent, and described first and second lateral vertical are in described front surface, rear surface, upper surface and soffit;

C) flange, it extends to such an extent that surpass the height of described fragment of brick from the rear surface of described fragment of brick, and across the width of described fragment of brick, described flange comprises bevel locking face, it is between the extension of the plane of described fragment of brick soffit and adjacency and the fragment of brick rear surface in described fragment of brick soffit and described extension, described locking face is the oblique angle trend, and described oblique angle is substantially equal to the angle of described oblique angle face.

24. retaining wall as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, the indentation amount between described each brick layer is from about 0.5 inch to about 1.5 inches.

25. retaining wall as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, the indentation amount between described each brick layer is less than about 1 inch.

26. retaining wall as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, the indentation amount between described each brick layer approximately is 3/4 inch.

27. one kind becomes the method for piece composite building block at block side patrix grave, described fragment of brick comprises a rectangular substantially brick body, and it has: a front surface and a rear surface, and they comprise that by one the distance institute of the described brick body degree of depth is separated; One upper surface and a lower surface, they comprise that by one the distance of the height of described fragment of brick is separated; The degree of depth of described upper surface is greater than the degree of depth of described soffit, and described upper and lower surface is by described front surface and described rear surface institute adjacency, and is positioned near described front surface and the rear surface; And first and second side, described first side and second side comprise that by one the distance of described fragment of brick width is separated, described first and second sides have four edges that are 90 degree each other at least, each edge and described front surface, rear surface, upper surface and soffit are adjacent, and described first and second lateral vertical are in described front surface, rear surface, upper surface and soffit; One oblique angle face, it couples together between described rear surface and described upper surface and with them, and described oblique angle face is across the width of described fragment of brick, and is the angles less than 90 degree with respect to described upper surface; An and flange, it extends to such an extent that surpass the height of described fragment of brick from the rear surface of described fragment of brick, and across the width of described fragment of brick, described flange comprises bevel locking face, it is between the extension of the plane of described fragment of brick soffit and adjacency and the fragment of brick rear surface in described fragment of brick soffit and described extension, described locking face is the oblique angle trend, and described rake angle is substantially equal to the angle of described oblique angle face, and the method for described mold pressing fragment of brick may further comprise the steps:

A) by in the opened type upper end of mixture being introduced described stock mould, thereby described mixture is full of stock mould, the opened type upper end of described mould comprises first or second side of described composite building block; And

B) with mixture exposed on the opened type of fragment of brick mould being exerted pressure with die casting fragment of brick on the next side of the mixture in the compression mould at each fragment of brick.

28. goods made from the described method of claim 27.

29. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, it also comprises: add be pressed into described fragment of brick after, make the sclerosis of described fragment of brick.

30. method as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that, described sclerosis comprises the steam sclerosis.

31. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described polylith fragment of brick is made simultaneously.

32. method as claimed in claim 31 is characterized in that, described fragment of brick Cheng Shuan is made, and after sclerosis they are separated.

33. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described pressure keeps one section from about 0.25 second to 4 seconds time.