CN113996328A - 一种催化剂及其在氢化柠檬醛制备香叶醇中的应用 - Google Patents
一种催化剂及其在氢化柠檬醛制备香叶醇中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Geraniol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N geranial Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
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- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=S)(OC)OC MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- DQZWMOWSTWWMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-diphenylphosphanylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CCCN)C1=CC=CC=C1 DQZWMOWSTWWMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- DZDGRVHIUYIMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ditert-butylphosphanylethanamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)CCN DZDGRVHIUYIMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- RVKSUPMPCDJZRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-di(propan-2-yl)phosphanylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)CCCN RVKSUPMPCDJZRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QLNAVQRIWDRPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminophosphane Chemical compound P=N QLNAVQRIWDRPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- BFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) iodide Chemical compound I[Ni]I BFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型催化剂,所述催化剂包含四部分:杂原子掺杂的氮化硼材料、多孔型分散助剂、金属活性中心以及膦胺类配体。本发明所述新型催化剂适用于催化柠檬醛进行加氢反应,尤其适用于催化柠檬醛生成不同牌号的香叶醇产品,具有催化活性高、选择性高、产品牌号可调控的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型催化剂及其在氢化柠檬醛领域的应用。
技术背景
香叶醇,又名牻牛儿醇或香天竺葵醇,是一种无环单萜类化合物,具有温和的玫瑰花气息,被广泛应用于花香型日用香精,是玫瑰系香精的主剂,同时也是各种花香型香精不可缺少的调香原料,除此之外,香叶醇还可用于抗菌和驱虫领域,在日常生活中有广泛的应用。
香叶醇产品的牌号有很多种,但目前市面上流行的主要是两种,一种为香叶醇60(即产品中香叶醇含量为60wt%),一种为香叶醇98(即产品中香叶醇含量为98wt%),其中又以香叶醇60为主要产品。
多年来,化学界一直致力于研究香叶醇的合成方法,其中一种主流的方法即为以柠檬醛为原料,通过加氢反应制备香叶醇,而更进一步地,获得不同牌号香叶醇产品的方法均依赖于精馏分离过程。第一种方法为对原料柠檬醛进行精馏,获得不同香叶醛含量的原料,进而进行加氢反应得到不同牌号的香叶醇;第二种方法为对柠檬醛加氢的产物(橙花醇与香叶醇比例接近50:50)进行精馏,通过切分获得不同牌号的香叶醇。
专利CN201811516330.0公开了一种通过制备均相催化剂同时添加有机胺与膦配体两种助剂的方法来制备不同比例橙花醇与香叶醇的方法,但该方法易产生带有难闻气味的有机胺,对产品的气味有严重的影响,此外,均相的反应体系也不利于催化剂的套用。
因此,针对目前工艺技术中的缺陷,本发明提供一种新型的解决方案,通过本发明所述催化剂的催化作用,可以灵活高效的调控产物中香叶醇的比例,具有催化活性高、选择性高、产品牌号可调控的优点。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新型催化剂的制备方法,借助于本发明所述催化剂,可以高选择性的由柠檬醛直接进行加氢反应获得不同牌号的香叶醇产品,本发明所述催化剂具有催化活性高、选择性高、产品牌号可调控的优点。
本发明为达到其目的,提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种新型催化剂,该新型催化剂包含如下四部分:以杂原子掺杂的氮化硼材料、多孔型分散助剂、金属活性中心以及膦胺类配体。
本发明所述杂原子为Al、Cu、Fe中的一种或几种,优选为Al,Al元素可来源于一切含Al的化合物;
所述杂原子在氮化硼上的掺杂量为1wt%-15wt%,优选为5wt%-10wt%,所谓的掺杂量意为杂原子占氮化硼的质量分数;
本发明所述的掺杂方法为高温气相化学沉积法,气相沉积温度为400-1200℃,优选为700-1000℃。
本发明所述的多孔型分散助剂为活性炭、分子筛、多孔陶瓷、蒙脱石中的一种或几种,优选为分子筛,所述分子筛可以是β分子筛、ZSM系列分子筛、MCM系列分子筛中的一种或几种,更优选为β分子筛。多孔分散助剂与氮化硼的质量用量比例为1:1-5:1,优选为2:1-4:1。
本发明所述的金属活性中心为Pd、Co、Ru、Ni中的一种或几种,优选为Ni,Ni可来源于一切含Ni的化合物。金属活性中心的用量为2wt%-15wt%,优选为5wt%-10wt%,所谓的用量意为金属元素占多孔型分散助剂的质量百分比。
本发明所述的膦胺类配体优选为3-(二苯基膦基)丙胺、3-(二异丙基膦基)丙胺、2-(二-叔丁基膦基)乙基胺中的一种或几种,更优选为3-(二苯基膦基)丙胺。膦胺类配体的用量为金属活性中心用量的40%-120%,优选为60%-100%,这里的用量意为膦胺类配体的mol量占金属活性中心mol量的百分比。
本发明提供所述新型催化剂的制备方法如下:
将一定量的氮化硼放于瓷舟中,称量一定量的含有待掺杂元素的化合物,覆盖于氮化硼表面,将瓷舟放入石英管中,然后将石英管放入马弗炉中,瓷舟置于马弗炉中心恒温位置,向石英管中通入氩气,缓慢升温至400℃-1200℃,优选700℃-1000℃,维持3h-5h后,自然降温至100℃以下,取出瓷舟,获得杂原子掺杂的氮化硼材料,记为A;
将一定量的多孔型分散助剂与含有金属活性中心的化合物置于烧杯中混合均匀,逐滴滴入乙醇至液面刚好没过固体表面,以保鲜膜包覆烧杯口,静置24h以上,获得金属活性中心负载的多孔型分散助剂,记为B;
将上述获得的杂原子掺杂氮化硼材料与金属活性中心负载的多孔型分散助剂置于研钵中,混合均匀后加入拟薄水铝石,拟薄水铝石的用量为杂原子掺杂前氮化硼材料与金属活性中心负载前多孔型分散助剂总质量的3wt%-5wt%,以1wt%-3wt%的稀硝酸混捏成型,之后在80℃-100℃下烘干,在300℃-400℃下焙烧,之后将所得研磨为50-100目的固体颗粒,记为C;
向C中加入膦胺配体,之后加入3-5倍固体体积的溶剂,溶剂任选自正己烷、乙醇、乙酸乙酯中的一种或几种,这里的固体体积意指上一步所得50-100目固体颗粒的体积,室温下搅拌1h-3h,之后过滤、洗涤、干燥,至此获得成品催化剂,记为D。
本发明还涉及所述催化剂在柠檬醛加氢制备香叶醇中的应用。
将一定量的催化剂置于高压反应釜中,之后加入一定量的柠檬醛,然后先后以氮气与氢气对反应釜进行置换,之后充氢气至1MPa(G)-2MPa(G),升温至40℃-50℃,进行反应;催化剂的加入量范围为底物柠檬醛的1wt%-3wt%。
以本发明所述催化剂进行柠檬醛加氢反应,可以通过调控催化剂中掺杂金属与膦胺配体的用量,使催化剂具备不同程度的异构化能力,从而满足生产不同牌号香叶醇产品的目的。
本发明所述的原料柠檬醛中橙花醛与香叶醛的比例可以为40:60-70:30,含量比例范围涵盖市面上大部分市售柠檬醛的组成比例。
采用本发明的技术方案有以下有益效果:
选用氮化硼作为基体材料,由于氮化硼骨架中包含两种电负性不同元素,造成氮化硼中的化学键既有共价键,又有离子键的特点,这种特点赋予氮化硼特殊的电子云结构特点;通过向氮化硼中掺入杂原子的方式形成杂质能级,一方面,缩小氮化硼的禁带宽度,增大响应波长,增强了催化剂的光催化活性,另一方面,造成不同于表面负载的新活性位点,可以对柠檬醛分子中与碳氧双键共轭的碳碳双键产生选择性的异构化催化作用,促使橙花醛向香叶醛发生转化。
引入金属活性中心与多孔型分散助剂。其中,金属活性中心、氮化硼上掺杂的金属元素以及氮化硼材料三者产生协同作用,可以显著增强催化剂的加氢活性;多孔型分散助剂的引入,可以有效防止金属活性中心团簇现象的发生,起到提高催化剂稳定性的作用。
向催化剂中引入膦胺配体,配体中的膦元素可以与负载金属活性中心配位,一方面起到抑制金属活性中心团簇的作用,另一方面,将配体中的胺基引至金属活性中心附近,在金属活性中心发挥催化作用的同时,起到异构的作用,促进橙花醛转化为香叶醛,或者促进橙花醇转化为香叶醇。
具体实施方式
氮化硼,纯度99.5%,粒径≤45μm,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
碘化铝,纯度95%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
碘化亚铜,纯度98%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
碘化镍,纯度98%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
醋酸钯,纯度98%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
正己烷,纯度>99%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
乙醇,纯度>99%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
乙酸乙酯,纯度>99%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
3-(二苯基膦基)丙胺,纯度97%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
2-(二-叔丁基膦基)乙基胺,纯度97%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
活性炭,100目,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
β分子筛,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
Ru/C,钌含量为5%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司
柠檬醛,总纯度≥98%,橙花醛:香叶醛=40:60,湖北巨龙堂医药化工有限公司
柠檬醛,总纯度≥98%,橙花醛:香叶醛=50:50,湖北巨龙堂医药化工有限公司
柠檬醛,总纯度≥98%,橙花醛:香叶醛=70:30,湖北巨龙堂医药化工有限公司
分析方法
气相色谱仪:Agilent 7890,色谱柱DB-5,进样口温度:300℃;分流比50:1;载气流量:50ml/min;升温程序:120℃下保持15min,以10℃/min的速率升至250℃,保持10min,检测器温度:280℃。
实施例1
将5g的氮化硼放于瓷舟中,称量3.8g碘化铝,覆盖于氮化硼表面,将瓷舟放入石英管中,然后将石英管放入马弗炉中,瓷舟置于马弗炉中心恒温位置,向石英管中通入氩气,缓慢升温至700℃,维持3h后,自然降温至100℃以下,取出瓷舟,获得Al原子掺杂的氮化硼材料,记为A1。
将10gβ分子筛与5.3g碘化镍混合均匀后,置于烧杯中,逐滴滴入乙醇至液面刚好没过固体表面,以保鲜膜包覆烧杯口,静置24h,获得金属活性中心Ni负载的多孔型分散助剂,记为B1。
将A1与B1置于研钵中,混合均匀后加入0.45g拟薄水铝石,以1wt%的稀硝酸混捏成型,之后在100℃下烘干,在300℃下焙烧,之后将所得产物研磨为50-100目的固体颗粒,记为C1。
向C1中加入3.3g的3-(二苯基膦基)丙胺,之后加入3倍固体体积的正己烷,室温下搅拌1h,之后过滤、洗涤、干燥,获得成品催化剂,记为D1。
实施例2
将5g的氮化硼放于瓷舟中,称量1.2g碘化亚铜,覆盖于氮化硼表面,将瓷舟放入石英管中,然后将石英管放入马弗炉中,瓷舟置于马弗炉中心恒温位置,向石英管中通入氩气,缓慢升温至900℃,维持3h后,自然降温至100℃以下,取出瓷舟,获得Cu原子掺杂的氮化硼材料,记为A2。
将20gβ分子筛与5.3g碘化镍混合均匀后,置于烧杯中,逐滴滴入乙醇至液面刚好没过固体表面,以保鲜膜包覆烧杯口,静置24h,获得金属活性中心Ni负载的多孔型分散助剂,记为B2。
将A2与B2置于研钵中,混合均匀后加入1.00g拟薄水铝石,以2wt%的稀硝酸混捏成型,之后在100℃下烘干,在300℃下焙烧,之后将所得产物研磨为50-100目的固体颗粒,记为C2。
向C2中加入3.6g的2-(二-叔丁基膦基)乙基胺,之后加入5倍固体体积的乙酸乙酯,室温下搅拌1h,之后过滤、洗涤、干燥,至此获得成品催化剂,记为D2。
实施例3
将5g的氮化硼放于瓷舟中,称量7.6g碘化铝,覆盖于氮化硼表面,将瓷舟放入石英管中,然后将石英管放入马弗炉中,瓷舟置于马弗炉中心恒温位置,向石英管中通入氩气,缓慢升温至1000℃,维持3h后,自然降温至100℃以下,取出瓷舟,获得Al原子掺杂的氮化硼材料,记为A3。
将15g活性炭与6.4g碘化镍混合均匀后,置于烧杯中,逐滴滴入乙醇至液面刚好没过固体表面,以保鲜膜包覆烧杯口,静置24h,获得金属活性中心Ni负载的多孔型分散助剂,记为B3。
将A3与B3置于研钵中,混合均匀后加入1.00g拟薄水铝石,以2wt%的稀硝酸混捏成型,之后在100℃下烘干,在300℃下焙烧,之后将所得产物研磨为50-100目的固体颗粒,记为C3。
向C3中加入3.0g的3-(二苯基膦基)丙胺,之后加入3倍固体体积的正己烷,室温下搅拌1h,之后过滤、洗涤、干燥,至此获得成品催化剂,记为D3。
实施例4
将5g的氮化硼放于瓷舟中,称量6.0g碘化铝,覆盖于氮化硼表面,将瓷舟放入石英管中,然后将石英管放入马弗炉中,瓷舟置于马弗炉中心恒温位置,向石英管中通入氩气,缓慢升温至800℃,维持3h后,自然降温至100℃以下,取出瓷舟,获得Al原子掺杂的氮化硼材料,记为A4。
将15gβ分子筛与2.5g醋酸钯混合均匀后,置于烧杯中,逐滴滴入乙醇至液面刚好没过固体表面,以保鲜膜包覆烧杯口,静置24h,获得金属活性中心Pd负载的多孔型分散助剂,记为B4。
将A4与B4置于研钵中,混合均匀后加入0.80g拟薄水铝石,以3wt%的稀硝酸混捏成型,之后在100℃下烘干,在300℃下焙烧,之后将所得产物研磨为50-100目的固体颗粒,记为C4。
向C4中加入1.6g的3-(二苯基膦基)丙胺,之后加入4倍固体体积的乙醇,室温下搅拌1h,之后过滤、洗涤、干燥,至此获得成品催化剂,记为D4。
实施例5
将5g的氮化硼放于瓷舟中,称量7.6g碘化铝,覆盖于氮化硼表面,将瓷舟放入石英管中,然后将石英管放入马弗炉中,瓷舟置于马弗炉中心恒温位置,向石英管中通入氩气,缓慢升温至800℃,维持3h后,自然降温至100℃以下,取出瓷舟,获得Al原子掺杂的氮化硼材料,记为A5。
将20gβ分子筛与8.5g碘化镍混合均匀后,置于烧杯中,逐滴滴入乙醇至液面刚好没过固体表面,以保鲜膜包覆烧杯口,静置24h,获得金属活性中心Ni负载的多孔型分散助剂,记为B5。
将A5与B5置于研钵中,混合均匀后加入1.00g拟薄水铝石,以1wt%的稀硝酸混捏成型,之后在100℃下烘干,在300℃下焙烧,之后将所得产物研磨为50-100目的固体颗粒,记为C5。
向C5中加入6.6g的3-(二苯基膦基)丙胺,之后加入3倍固体体积的正己烷,室温下搅拌1h,之后过滤、洗涤、干燥,至此获得成品催化剂,记为D5。
催化剂活性评价结果:
将2g上述实施例制备的催化剂置于高压反应釜中,之后加入100g的柠檬醛,然后先后以氮气与氢气对反应釜进行置换,之后充氢气至1MPa(G),升温至50℃,反应4h后取样分析。
催化剂活性评价结果如下:
对比例
将2g Ru/C催化剂(Ru含量为5wt%)置于高压反应釜中,之后加入100g的柠檬醛,然后先后以氮气与氢气对反应釜进行置换,之后充氢气至1MPa(G),升温至50℃,反应4h后取样分析。催化剂活性评价结果如下:
Claims (10)
1.一种催化剂,包含如下四部分:以杂原子掺杂的氮化硼材料、多孔型分散助剂、金属活性中心以及膦胺类配体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述杂原子为Al、Cu、Fe中的一种或多种;
优选地,所述杂原子在氮化硼上的掺杂量为1wt%-15wt%,优选为5wt%-10wt%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述的多孔型分散助剂为活性炭、分子筛、多孔陶瓷、蒙脱石中的一种或多种;
优选地,多孔型分散助剂与氮化硼的质量比为1:1-5:1。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述的金属活性中心为Pd、Co、Ru、Ni中的一种或多种;
优选地,金属活性中心的用量为多孔型分散助剂的2wt%-15wt%。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述的膦胺类配体为3-(二苯基膦基)丙胺、3-(二异丙基膦基)丙胺、2-(二-叔丁基膦基)乙基胺中的一种或多种;
优选地,膦胺类配体的用量为金属活性中心摩尔量的40%-120%。
6.制备权利要求1-5任一项所述的催化剂的方法,包括:
含有杂原子的化合物覆盖于氮化硼表面,在马弗炉中,缓慢升温至400℃-1200℃,优选700℃-1000℃,维持3h-5h后,自然降温至100℃以下,获得杂原子掺杂的氮化硼材料,记为A;
将多孔型分散助剂与含有金属活性中心的化合物混合均匀,加入乙醇至液面没过固体表面,静置,获得金属活性中心负载的多孔型分散助剂,记为B;
将A与B置于研钵中,混合均匀后加入拟薄水铝石,以稀硝酸混捏成型,之后烘干、焙烧,将所得产物研磨为50-100目的固体颗粒,记为C;
向C中加入膦胺类配体,之后加入溶剂,之后过滤、洗涤、干燥,获得成品催化剂,记为D。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,在制备C时,拟薄水铝石的用量为杂原子掺杂前氮化硼材料与金属活性中心负载前多孔型分散助剂总质量的3wt%-5wt%;烘干温度为80℃-100℃,焙烧温度为300℃-400℃。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,其中,制备D时,溶剂选自正己烷、乙醇、乙酸乙酯中的一种或几种,用量为3-5倍固体C的体积。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的催化剂在柠檬醛加氢制备香叶醇中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,包括:将一定量的催化剂置于高压反应釜中,加入一定量的柠檬醛,然后先后以氮气与氢气对反应釜进行置换,之后充氢气至1MPa(G)-2MPa(G),升温至40℃-50℃,进行反应;催化剂的加入量为底物柠檬醛的1wt%-3wt%。
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CN110922298A (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-27 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种柠檬醛制备香叶醇的方法 |
CN112844317A (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-28 | 南京工业大学 | 一种高分散金属或金属氧化物掺杂吸附剂、制备方法及其应用 |
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