CN113957294A - CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- BPJYAXCTOHRFDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetracopper;2,4,6-trioxido-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriarsinane;diacetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.[O-][As]1O[As]([O-])O[As]([O-])O1.[O-][As]1O[As]([O-])O[As]([O-])O1 BPJYAXCTOHRFDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. Aiming at the short plate with poor plasticity and toughness of the particle reinforced Al-based composite material, the invention provides a method for preparing a novel Al-based composite material with high strength and high toughness by using medium entropy alloy CrCoNi particles with high hardness, high strength and excellent plasticity as a reinforcing phase. The composite material breaks through the bottleneck that the plasticity of the Al-based composite material can be obviously reduced by the traditional particle reinforced phase, utilizes the natural combination characteristic between metals to achieve ideal interface combination degree and compatibility, improves the strength on the basis of not seriously damaging the plasticity and toughness of the matrix material, obtains the Al-based composite material with better comprehensive mechanical property, and has extremely wide engineering application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of Al-based composite materials, and particularly relates to a CrCoNi mid-entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Al is a light metal, has good electrical and thermal conductivity and ductility, and has become one of the key materials required for realizing sustainable development lightweight strategy in the fields of transportation, aerospace, national defense science and technology and the like due to low density. However, with the development of science and technology, the requirements of high strength, high toughness and other comprehensive mechanical properties in engineering application are difficult to meet by a single light metal material. The Al (aluminum) based composite material has the characteristics of small density, high specific strength and modulus, good fatigue resistance, high toughness and impact resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, good wear resistance and the like, and is widely applied to various industrial fields. The high-performance particle-reinforced Al-based composite material is one of key parts materials for realizing light weight in the fields of transportation, aerospace and the like. The particle-reinforced Al-based composite material with lower preparation cost and good formability is more concerned. Compared with a fiber reinforced phase, the particle reinforced phase effectively reduces the damage degree and the uneven distribution degree of the reinforcement, and the uniformly distributed reinforcement can play a role in dispersion strengthening, so that the Al-based composite material has isotropic high strength and high rigidity. Currently common particulate reinforcing phases are ceramic particles, graphite particles, and amorphous alloy particles. Ceramic particles such as SiC, A12O3、TiC、TiB2WC, etc. have significant disadvantages when used as a reinforcement phase. On one hand, the ceramic particle phase with stable physical and chemical properties has poor wettability with matrix metal, the interface bonding force is low, defects are easily generated in the material in the processing process, the ceramic particle phase is a high-yield area of a crack source when the subsequent material is loaded, the loading capacity of the material is reduced, and the material is broken and fails. On the other hand, the plastic deformation capability and the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic particles with higher strength and hardness are greatly different from those of the Al matrix, stress concentration is easily caused at an interface, interface cracking is caused, the plasticity and the fracture toughness of the composite material are reduced, and the processing and forming performance of the material is deteriorated. When amorphous particles are used as the strengthening phase, the amorphous phase is unstable, and thus the amorphous phase is liable to cause severe interfacial reaction during high-temperature diffusion, and a brittle phase or brittleness is generated at the interfaceThe layer, which breaks the interfacial uniformity of the composite, makes it susceptible to fracture at the interface. In addition, the amorphous alloy particles, which are also metals, have good wettability with Al base, but are brittle phases as well as ceramic particles. Therefore, in order to overcome the bottleneck that the strength and toughness of the particle-reinforced Al-based composite material cannot be compatible, the development of a novel reinforcement for preparing a high-performance particle-reinforced Al-based composite material is urgently needed.
The high-entropy and medium-entropy alloy has great interest for researchers and engineering technicians at home and abroad due to the excellent performances of high hardness, high strength, excellent plasticity, wear resistance and the like, but the research of taking the medium-entropy alloy CrCoNi as an Al-based composite material reinforcement is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the bottleneck that the plastic toughness of the existing Al-based composite material can be obviously damaged while the strength of the Al-based composite material is improved, the invention aims to provide the CrCoNi mid-entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material with excellent strength and toughness matching degree and strong service reliability and the preparation method thereof, thereby promoting the development of the Al material industry and the corresponding application field thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A preparation method of a CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material comprises the following steps:
1) preparing composite powder: mixing Al powder and the medium-entropy alloy through a wet grinding process, and obtaining a composite powder green body through a vacuum filtration mode; the medium entropy alloy is CrCoNi powder;
2) sintering of composite powder: sintering and molding the composite powder green body by adopting a sintering process;
3) hot rolling and forming the composite material: and carrying out post plastic deformation on the sintered composite material by adopting a hot rolling process to prepare the CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material.
Preferably, the medium entropy alloy in the step 1) is CrCoNi powder with equal atomic ratio.
Preferably, the Al powder and the CrCoNi powder in the step 1) comprise the following ingredients in percentage by mass: 80-95% of Al powder and 5-20% of CrCoNi powder.
Preferably, the Al powder and the CrCoNi powder in the step 1) are respectively ball-milled into sheets and then mixed.
Preferably, ball milling of the Al powder and the CrCoNi powder is carried out under the protection of argon, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300-400 r/min, the ball milling time is 3-4 hours, and the ball-material ratio is 5: 1-20: 1.
Preferably, the wet grinding process mixing in the step 1) is carried out by taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a ball grinding medium, the rotating speed of the ball grinder is 300-500 r/min, the ball-material ratio is 5: 1-8: 1, and the ball grinding time is 4-8 h.
Preferably, the sintering in step 2) is spark plasma sintering, ordinary hot pressing sintering or hot isostatic pressing sintering.
Preferably, the parameters of the spark plasma sintering process are as follows: the sintering temperature is 500-610 ℃, the sintering pressure is 20-40 MPa, the sintering time is 30min, and the sintering atmosphere is vacuum sintering.
Preferably, the hot rolling process parameters in step 3) are as follows: the hot rolling heat preservation temperature is 450-550 ℃, and the rolling reduction is 30-50%.
The CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material prepared by the preparation method.
According to the invention, the CrCoNi alloy particles are used as a reinforcing phase of the Al-based composite material, and a metallurgical bonding interface is formed between a reinforcing body and a matrix by utilizing the natural bonding characteristic between metals, so that the strength of the Al-based is greatly improved, the excellent coordinated deformation capability of the medium-entropy CrCoNi alloy can be exerted, and the material can obtain excellent matching between strength and ductility and toughness.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy particles adopted by the invention have high toughness and strong coordinated deformability, and are easy to form a limited diffusion metallurgical bonding interface with an Al matrix.
(2) The invention can achieve the expected enhancement body sheet shape and uniform distribution in Al powder by conventional ball milling, liquid phase mixing ball milling and vacuum filtration, and has simple preparation method and lower equipment requirement.
(3) The CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy and the Al matrix have good sintering performance, can realize high-efficiency sintering by adopting sintering modes such as spark plasma sintering, common hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing and the like, and has wide sintering equipment selectivity.
(4) Based on the natural metal bonding characteristic between the entropy alloy in the CrCoNi and the Al base, the composite material disclosed by the invention not only has the ductility and toughness equivalent to that of pure Al, but also has the strength remarkably improved, and shows excellent comprehensive mechanical properties of strength and plasticity matching.
(5) The CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material improves the weak bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix interface, improves the strength and avoids the obvious reduction of the plasticity and toughness of the material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope picture of a 5 wt.% CrCoNi reinforced Al-based composite prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a 10 wt.% CrCoNi reinforced Al-based composite prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the results of characterization of the element distribution of the CrCoNi-reinforced Al-based composite material prepared in example 3.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the energy line sweep across the interface region of the CrCoNi enhanced Al-based composite prepared in example 3.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the mechanical properties of a 5 wt.% CrCoNi reinforced Al-based composite prepared in example 1.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the mechanical properties of a 10 wt.% CrCoNi reinforced Al-based composite prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The preparation method is characterized in that the intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material of CrCoNi is prepared by using 95 wt.% of spherical pure Al powder and 5 wt.% of spherical pure CrCoNi powder as raw materials. Weighing raw material powder according to the powder raw material ratio, pre-grinding Al powder into flaky Al powder by argon protection at the rotating speed of 300r/min for 3h and at the ball-milling parameter of ball-material ratio of 8:1, and pre-grinding CrCoNi powder into flaky CrCoNi powder at the rotating speed of 400r/min for 4h and at the ball-milling parameter of ball-material ratio of 20: 1. On the basis, Al powder and flaky CrCoNi powder are mixed in an alcohol medium by ball milling, the mixing parameters are that the rotating speed of a ball mill is 300r/min, the ball-to-material ratio is 5:1, and the ball milling time is 4 hours, and then the mixture is subjected to vacuum filtration at room temperature to form a composite powder green body. And sintering the green body in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 600 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 40MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum. And finally, carrying out heat preservation on the sintered composite material at 450 ℃ for 1h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, so as to obtain the CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al substrate-shaped composite material. The compressive yield strength of the prepared CrCoNi layered particle reinforced Al-based composite material is 239.67 MPa.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and fig. 5, in the composite material prepared in this example, the CrCoNi reinforcing phase particles are uniformly distributed in a flake shape, and the composite material has good toughness matching.
Example 2
The preparation method is characterized in that the intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material of CrCoNi is prepared by using 90 wt.% of spherical pure Al powder and 10 wt.% of spherical pure CrCoNi powder as raw materials. Weighing raw material powder according to the powder raw material ratio, pre-grinding Al powder into flaky Al powder by argon protection at the rotating speed of 300r/min for 3h and at the ball-milling parameter of ball-material ratio of 8:1, and pre-grinding CrCoNi powder into flaky CrCoNi powder at the rotating speed of 400r/min for 4h and at the ball-milling parameter of ball-material ratio of 20: 1. On the basis, Al powder and flaky CrCoNi powder are mixed in an alcohol medium by ball milling, the mixing parameters are that the rotating speed of a ball mill is 300r/min, the ball-to-material ratio is 5:1, and the ball milling time is 4 hours, and then the mixture is vacuum filtered into a green body at room temperature. And sintering the green body in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 610 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 40MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum. And finally, carrying out heat preservation on the sintered composite material at 480 ℃ for 1h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, so as to obtain the CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material. The compressive yield strength of the prepared CrCoNi layered particle reinforced Al-based composite material is 292.24 MPa.
As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 6, the CrCoNi reinforcing phase particles with higher content in the composite material are uniformly distributed in a flaky shape, and the composite material has good toughness matching.
Example 3
The preparation method is characterized in that the intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based flaky composite material of CrCoNi is prepared by using 85 wt.% of spherical pure Al powder and 15 wt.% of spherical pure CrCoNi powder as raw materials. Weighing raw material powder according to the powder raw material ratio, pre-grinding Al powder into flaky Al powder by argon protection at the rotating speed of 300r/min for 3h and at the ball-milling parameter of ball-material ratio of 8:1, and pre-grinding CrCoNi powder into flaky CrCoNi powder at the rotating speed of 400r/min for 4h and at the ball-milling parameter of ball-material ratio of 20: 1. On the basis, Al powder and flaky CrCoNi powder are mixed in an alcohol medium by ball milling, the mixing parameters are that the rotating speed of a ball mill is 300r/min, the ball-to-material ratio is 5:1, and the ball milling time is 4 hours, and then the mixture is vacuum filtered into a green body at room temperature. And sintering the green body in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 600 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 40MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum. And finally, carrying out heat preservation on the sintered composite material at 450 ℃ for 1h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, so as to obtain the CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al substrate-shaped composite material. The compressive yield strength of the prepared CrCoNi layered particle reinforced Al-based composite material is 365.66 MPa.
As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, limited interdiffusion of elements occurs between the Al matrix and the CrCoNi reinforcing phase grains in the composite material, and the two have good interfacial bonding.
Example 4
The preparation method is characterized in that the intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based flaky composite material of CrCoNi is prepared by using 80 wt.% of spherical pure Al powder and 20 wt.% of spherical pure CrCoNi powder as raw materials. Weighing raw material powder according to the powder raw material ratio, pre-grinding Al powder into flaky Al powder by argon protection at the rotating speed of 300r/min for 3h and at the ball-milling parameter of ball-material ratio of 8:1, and pre-grinding CrCoNi powder into flaky CrCoNi powder at the rotating speed of 400r/min for 4h and at the ball-milling parameter of ball-material ratio of 20: 1. On the basis, Al powder and flaky CrCoNi powder are mixed in an alcohol medium by ball milling, the mixing parameters are that the rotating speed of a ball mill is 300r/min, the ball-to-material ratio is 5:1, and the ball milling time is 4 hours, and then the mixture is vacuum filtered into a green body at room temperature. And sintering the green body in a discharge plasma sintering furnace at 600 ℃ for 30min, wherein the mechanical pressure applied during sintering is 40MPa, and the protective atmosphere is vacuum. And finally, carrying out heat preservation on the sintered composite material at 450 ℃ for 1h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the rolling reduction is 50%, so as to obtain the CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al substrate-shaped composite material. The compressive yield strength of the prepared CrCoNi layered particle reinforced Al-based composite material is 519.77 MPa.
The above embodiments are only some specific examples for illustrating the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Scientific research and engineering technicians regulate and control the components of the matrix powder, the preparation process of the composite powder, the sintering process, the rolling process and other parameters on the basis of the embodiment of the invention, and the changes caused by the regulation and control belong to the scope of authority protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing Al powder and the medium-entropy alloy through a wet grinding process, and obtaining a composite powder green body through a vacuum filtration mode; the medium entropy alloy is CrCoNi powder;
2) sintering and molding the composite powder green body by adopting a sintering process;
3) and carrying out post plastic deformation on the sintered composite material by adopting a hot rolling process to prepare the CrCoNi intermediate entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the medium entropy alloy in step 1) is CrCoNi powder with equal atomic ratio.
3. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the Al powder and the CrCoNi powder in step 1) are prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 80-95% of Al powder and 5-20% of CrCoNi powder.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the Al powder and the CrCoNi powder in step 1) are respectively ball-milled into a flake shape and then mixed.
5. The preparation method of claim 4, wherein the ball milling of the Al powder and the CrCoNi powder is carried out under an argon protective atmosphere, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300-400 r/min, the ball milling time is 3-4 hours, and the ball-to-material ratio is 5: 1-20: 1.
6. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the wet milling step mixing in step 1) is carried out by using absolute ethyl alcohol as a ball milling medium, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 300-500 r/min, the ball-material ratio is 5: 1-8: 1, and the ball milling time is 4-8 h.
7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the sintering in step 2) is spark plasma sintering, ordinary hot press sintering or hot isostatic pressing sintering.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the parameters of the spark plasma sintering process are as follows: the sintering temperature is 500-610 ℃, the sintering pressure is 20-40 MPa, the sintering time is 30min, and the sintering atmosphere is vacuum sintering.
9. The method for preparing the alloy steel according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the hot rolling process parameters in step 3) are as follows: the hot rolling heat preservation temperature is 450-550 ℃, and the rolling reduction is 30-50%.
10. A CrCoNi mid-entropy alloy reinforced Al-based composite material produced by the production method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN115194140A (en) * | 2022-07-17 | 2022-10-18 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Al-Mg-Sc-Zr aluminum-based composite powder and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN110273092A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-09-24 | 重庆大学 | A kind of CoCrNi particle reinforced magnesium base compound material and preparation method thereof |
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