CN113906857A

CN113906857A - Saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting

Info

Publication number: CN113906857A
Application number: CN202111325186.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 石英杰; 李建新; 杨利; 高博; 张孟韬
Original assignee: Hebei Construction Group Garden Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Hebei Construction Group Garden Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-10
Filing date: 2021-11-10
Publication date: 2022-01-11

Abstract

The invention discloses a saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a soil conditioner, wherein the soil conditioner comprises a mixture of turfy soil and organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1, and 200-300g of volcanic ash and 1200-1800g of desulfurized gypsum are added into per cubic meter of soil; s2, mixing the soil conditioner with the bottom soil, and uniformly stirring to prepare planting soil; s3, moving the seedling soil balls into tree holes for planting, backfilling with planting soil and filling in layers; s4, watering and dissolving, watering the nursery stock, infiltrating by watering, and fully fusing the soil conditioner dissolved with the bottom soil. The saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting can solve the problems that the existing soil improvement method causes great harm to soil and cannot effectively improve the soil.

Description

Saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting.

Background

The saline-alkali soil is formed because the salt content in the soil is too high, thereby having great influence on the growth and development of plants and even influencing the construction of urban gardens. Soil in northern China mostly consists of brown soil and loess, the brown soil is brown to brown yellow, neutral to alkaline reaction is shown, the fertility is low, and the capability of keeping water and soil is poor due to loose loess soil. The current improvement method adopted by most garden companies is to mix turfy soil on the original soil, but the effect is not ideal.

Many garden industry workers now gradually realize that the promotion of plant growth in saline-alkali soil, the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers like drinking \40489andthe thirst quenching cause great harm to the physicochemical properties of the soil. The appropriate soil improvement method can not only adjust the pH value of the soil and increase the granular structure of the soil, but also effectively improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and has higher popularization and application values.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting, which solves the problems that the existing soil improvement method causes great harm to soil and cannot effectively improve the soil.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting, comprising the steps of:

s1, preparing a soil conditioner, wherein the soil conditioner comprises a mixture of turfy soil and organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1, and 200-300g of volcanic ash and 1200-1800g of desulfurized gypsum are added into per cubic meter of soil;

s2, mixing the soil conditioner with the bottom soil, and uniformly stirring to prepare planting soil;

s3, moving the seedling soil balls into tree holes for planting, backfilling with planting soil and filling in layers;

s4, watering and dissolving, watering the nursery stock, infiltrating by watering, and fully fusing the soil conditioner dissolved with the bottom soil.

Preferably, the step S1 includes the steps of:

s11, uniformly mixing the turfy soil and the organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1 to form a mixture, wherein the mass of the turfy soil in each cubic meter of soil is 10Kg, and the mass of the organic fertilizer in each cubic meter of soil is 10 Kg;

s12, adding volcanic ash into the mixture, and uniformly mixing; 250g of volcanic ash is mixed in each cubic meter of soil;

s13, adding desulfurized gypsum into the mixture, and uniformly mixing; 1500g of desulfurized gypsum were mixed per cubic meter of soil.

Preferably, the organic fertilizer is cow dung.

The saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting, provided by the invention, can improve the micro-ecological environment of soil, improve the activity of microorganisms and beneficial bacteria in the soil, eliminate soil hardening, adjust the acid-base balance of the soil, enhance the fertilizer retention and supply capability and buffer capability of the soil, create good soil conditions for the growth of seedlings and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by combining the drawings and the embodiments in the specification.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a comparison of soil porosity before and after improvement in examples 1 to 6 of a method for improving saline-alkaline soil for landscape planting according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a comparison of pH values before and after improvement in examples 1 to 6 of a saline-alkaline soil improvement method for landscape planting according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a comparison of nitrogen contents before and after improvement in examples 1 to 6 of a method for improving saline-alkaline soil for landscape planting according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a comparison of phosphorus contents before and after improvement in saline-alkaline soil improvement method for landscape planting according to examples 1 to 6 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a comparison of potassium contents before and after improvement in examples 1 to 6 of a method for improving saline-alkali soil for landscape planting according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a comparison of organic matter content before and after improvement in saline alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting according to examples 1 to 6 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a comparison of EC values before and after improvement in examples 1 to 6 of a saline-alkaline soil improvement method for landscape planting according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a comparison of the breast diameters of seedlings before and after improvement in examples 1 to 6 of a method for improving saline-alkaline soil for garden planting according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

A saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing a soil conditioner, wherein the soil conditioner comprises 1:1 mass percent of turfy soil and organic fertilizer, 10Kg of turfy soil and 10Kg of organic fertilizer are added in each cubic meter of soil, and 200-300g of volcanic ash and 1200-1800g of desulfurized gypsum are added in each cubic meter of soil.

The turfy soil has the organic matter content of more than 30 percent, is soft in texture and easy to break, is natural and sterile, can retain water and ventilate, and can effectively improve the air permeability of the soil conditioner. The pH value of the turfy soil is 5.5-6.5, the turfy soil is slightly acidic, and alkaline soil can be effectively neutralized. The mineral substances in the turfy soil can provide necessary nutrient substances for the growth of the nursery stocks.

Volcanic ash is fine volcanic debris, consists of rocks, minerals and organic matters, and can improve the water retention and nutrients of soil. And the volcanic ash can generate calcium hydroxide with bactericidal effect after meeting water, and plays a role in inhibiting and killing most reproductive pathogenic bacteria.

The main component of the desulfurized gypsum is CaSO₄And a small amount of CaSO₃The nature of the gypsum is similar to that of natural gypsum, and the gypsum contains abundant mineral nutrients such as S, Ca, Si and the like which are necessary or beneficial to plants, and after the desulfurized gypsum is added into soil, Ca in the gypsum²⁺And the fertilizer reacts with free sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate in soil to generate calcium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate, so that the alkalinity of the soil is reduced, and an environment suitable for the growth of green crops is provided.

Step S1 includes the following steps:

s11, uniformly mixing the turfy soil and the organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1 to form a mixture, wherein the mass of the turfy soil in each cubic meter of soil is 10Kg, and the mass of the organic fertilizer in each cubic meter of soil is 10 Kg. The organic fertilizer is cow dung which contains a large amount of medium and trace nutrient elements, substances capable of stimulating root growth and beneficial soil microorganisms, can improve soil structure, promote formation of soil granular structure, enable soil to become soft, improve soil moisture and air conditions, facilitate root growth and increase soil fertility and water retention performance. Therefore, the turfy soil and the cow dung are mixed, so that the acid-base property and soil property conditions of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved.

S12, adding volcanic ash into the mixture, and uniformly mixing; 250g of volcanic ash was mixed in each cubic meter of soil.

And S2, mixing the soil conditioner with the bottom soil, and uniformly stirring to prepare the planting soil. The subsoil is a layer of soil with compact texture below the soil layer, and the subsoil is slightly influenced by the surface climate, is compact and is suitable for being used as filling of seedlings. The soil conditioner is mixed with the bottom soil, the pH of the soil near the seedlings is adjusted, the fertility and the water storage capacity of the soil near the seedlings are improved, the air permeability is good, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved.

And S3, moving the seedling soil balls into the tree holes for planting, backfilling with planting soil, and filling in layers. Before the nursery stock is placed in the planting hole, the specification of the planting hole is firstly checked, after the nursery stock is placed in the planting hole, the root of the nursery stock is fully stretched, the planting soil is firstly filled in layers, and then the surface soil is backfilled. The soil is not trampled after backfilling, so that the phenomenon of root retting caused by too small soil gaps during watering is prevented; and the support is needed to be well made to prevent the trees from lodging.

S4, watering and dissolving, watering the nursery stock, infiltrating by watering, and fully fusing the soil conditioner dissolved with the bottom soil. And fully watering thoroughly to ensure that water is fully fused with the bottom soil, and fully fusing the bottom soil and the soil conditioner together after entering to fully modify the soil near the nursery stock. The irrigation water can not adopt harmful sewage, and attention is paid to protect the soil at the root of the tree from being washed, so that water leakage or water leakage is caused.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, wherein the following embodiments are based on the technical solution, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

The composition ratios of the soil improvement agents of examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 ingredient ratios of soil improvement agents in examples 1-6

In the month of 4, the soil layer depth at the same place is 5-10cm, 6 soil samples are selected, each soil sample is divided into 10 groups, the detection is respectively carried out, and then the average value is taken. The results of testing the soil quality index of 6 soil samples corresponding to examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 quality index of original soil sample

The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the original soil sample is lower, and the pH value and the EC value are higher.

The test nursery stock is Acer truncatum with diameter at breast height of 13 cm. Acer truncatum Bunge is divided into six groups, which correspond to examples 1-6. The breast diameter of the monadic maple is 13.05cm in the embodiment, and the breast diameter of the binary maple is 13.04cm in the embodiment; the diameter of the breast of the three-element maple is 13.04 cm; example four-element maple has a breast diameter of 13.06 cm; the diameter of the chest of the five-membered maple is 13.05 cm; example the diameter of chest of six-element maple is 13.03 cm.

The acer truncatum bunge is planted by adopting the method and corresponding to the position of the soil sampling point.

In the same year in 10 months, the soil of examples 1 to 6 with the soil depth of 5 to 10cm was examined, and the soil was air-dried naturally. The following method is adopted to detect the quality index of the soil.

1. The soil porosity is measured by adopting a cutting ring method:

and (3) excavating a soil section at a sampling point, layering or mechanically layering the excavated soil according to the soil on a static surface, and sampling 3-5 soil sections by using a cutting ring on each layer. The soil porosity determination procedure is as follows.

(1) The top cover, the bottom net and the bottom cover are taken down by the cutting ring and then vertically placed on the ground surface, soil is gently cut along the periphery of the outer wall of the cutting ring by a soil cutter or a sharp blade, the cutting ring is gently pressed to enable the cutting ring to slowly enter the soil, and if the cutting ring meets the obstruction of a root system, the root system is cut by scissors. After the cutting ring enters the soil by 1-2 cm, soil around the cutting ring is removed by a soil shovel, then the soil is gently cut along the periphery of the outer wall of the cutting ring by a soil knife or a sharp blade, and the cutting ring is gently pressed to enable the cutting ring to slowly enter the soil until the cutting ring is full of the soil. If twisting occurs during the pressing of the ring cutter, cracks may develop in the ring cutter, which will increase the measured porosity, and therefore the twisted ring cutter should be discarded and re-sampled.

(2) After the ring cutter is completely filled with soil, the excess soil is scraped off gently along the upper edge of the ring cutter by using a soil cutter or a sharp blade, so that the soil surface in the ring cutter is flush with the upper edge of the ring cutter. The scraping process is not too urgent so as to avoid taking out soil in the cutting ring, and particularly when plant roots exist, the roots are cut off by scissors and then scraped by a blade. If soil in the cutting ring is inadvertently carried away by the root system during the scraping process, the soil should be resampled. And after the scraping, covering filter paper and a top cover on the cutting ring.

(3) Digging out the cutting ring with the filter paper and the top cover from the soil by using a soil shovel, enabling the bottom surface of the cutting ring to be upward, slightly scraping off redundant soil by using a soil knife, and covering the filter paper, a bottom net and a bottom cover after the soil surface in the cutting ring is level to the lower edge of the cutting ring. And (5) wrapping the cutting ring by using a wide adhesive tape to prevent the cutting ring cover from falling off. In the sampling process, the cutting ring is forbidden to shake left and right or to smash the cutting ring into the soil by a heavy object. Taking 3-5 cutting ring samples on each layer.

(4) The sampling level and the cutting ring number are recorded in the record table.

(5) Removing the adhesive tape from the cutting ring brought back in the field, and weighing the wet weight of the cutting ring as W₁And recording the wet weight in a corresponding layer according to the ring cutter number in a recording table.

(6) Removing the upper cover and the bottom cover (the bottom net is required to be reserved) of the weighed cutting ring, placing the weighed cutting ring in a flat-bottom plastic basin or other containers, adding water in the container to the upper edge of the cutting ring (the water surface cannot exceed the upper edge of the cutting ring), carefully adding water to keep the water level, placing for several hours, taking the cutting ring out of the container after the soil in the cutting ring fully absorbs water until the cutting ring is saturated, quickly wiping off the water outside the cutting ring, and then covering the top cover and the bottom cover, wherein the saturation weight is W₂And recording the data in the corresponding layer according to the cutting ring number in the recording table.

(7) The top cover and the bottom cover of the cutting ring (a bottom net is required to be reserved) are opened, the cutting ring is placed on the support to allow gravity water in soil to be discharged, the top cover of the cutting ring is covered on the cutting ring in a virtual mode in the process to prevent evaporation of water in the cutting ring, and the top cover cannot be covered tightly. After standing for 12h, the caps were covered with a top cap and a bottom cap and weighed as W₃And recording the data in the corresponding layer according to the cutting ring number in the recording table.

(8) Opening the top cover and the bottom cover of the cutting ring after weighing, putting the cutting ring and the bottom cover together into a 105 ℃ oven for drying until the weight is constant, opening the oven after drying until the temperature in the oven is reduced to room temperature, taking out the cutting ring, covering the top cover and the bottom cover, and weighing the dry weight W₄And recording the data in the corresponding layer according to the cutting ring number in the recording table.

Setting the cutting weight of the cutting ring as W₀And if the volume of the cutting ring is V, the volume weight and the porosity of the soil are calculated by the following formula:

volume weight of soil (W)₄-W₀)/V

Total porosity of soil (W ═₂-W₄)/V×100％

Porosity of soil capillary (W ═₃-W₄)/V×100％

Porosity of soil non-capillary (W)₂-W₃)/V×100％

Total porosity of capillary soil-non-capillary porosity

2. Determination of soil pH

After the air-dried soil passes through a sieve pore of 1mm, 10g of the air-dried soil is weighed and placed in a 25mL beaker, 10mL of distilled water is added for shaking up, the mixture is kept stand for 30min, and the pH value of the supernatant of the suspension is measured by a pH meter.

3. Determination of Nitrogen ion value

Weighing 2g of soil sample of an air-dried sample passing through a 2mm pore size sieve in an outer ring of a diffusion vessel, adding 2mL of boric acid indicator in an inner ring, then adding 10mL of sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1mol/L in the outer ring, coating glycerol, covering a wool sheet, placing for 24 hours after trapping a rubber band, taking blank solution (10.00 mL of sodium bicarbonate lixiviant instead of soil leaching liquor) as a reference, carrying out color comparison at the wavelength of 700nm by using a 1cm light diameter cuvette, and measuring absorbance.

4. Determination of the phosphorus ion value

Weighing 2.50g of air-dried sample passing through a 2mm pore size sieve, placing the sample in a 200mL plastic bottle, adding 1g of phosphorus-free activated carbon, adding 50.0mL of sodium bicarbonate extractant at 25 +/-1 ℃, shaking the mixture evenly, oscillating the mixture on an oscillator at the temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃ for 30 +/-1 min at the frequency of 180 +/-20 r/min, and immediately filtering the mixture in a dry 150mL triangular bottle by using phosphorus-free filter paper.

Sucking 10.00mL of filtrate into a 25mL cuvette, adding 5.00mL of color developing agent, slowly shaking, and discharging CO₂Adding water to constant volume, and shaking thoroughly. Standing at room temperature above 20 deg.C for 30min, taking blank solution (10.00 mL sodium bicarbonate lixiviant instead of soil leaching solution) as reference, and performing colorimetry with 1cm light diameter cuvette at wavelength of 700nm to measure absorbance.

5. Determination of Potassium ion value

Weighing 5.00g of air-dried sample passing through a 2mm pore size sieve, putting the air-dried sample into a 200mL plastic bottle, adding 50.00mL of ammonium acetate solution, tightly covering a bottle stopper, shaking up, oscillating for 30min at 15-25 ℃ on an oscillator at 150-180 r/min, and carrying out dry filtration. The filtrate is measured directly on a flame photometer or after appropriate dilution with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

6. Determination of organic content

Accurately weighing 0.1-0.5g of air-dried soil sample passing through No. 60 sieve, placing into a dry hard test tube, accurately adding 5ml of 0.1333mol/L potassium dichromate solution by a pipette, adding 5ml of concentrated sulfuric acid by a graduated cylinder, and carefully shaking. Inserting the test tube into an iron wire cage, putting the test tube into an oil bath pan preheated to 185-plus-190 ℃, controlling the temperature between 170-plus-180 ℃, starting timing when a large amount of bubbles appear in the test tube, keeping the solution boiling for 5min, taking out the iron wire cage, wiping the oil outside the test tube with grass paper after the test tube is cooled slightly, and cooling. After cooling, the content of the test tube is washed into a 250ml triangular flask, the total volume of the solution reaches 60-80ml, the acidity reaches 2-3mol/L, and 3-5 drops of an o-phenanthroline indicator are added and uniformly shaken. Titrating with a standard ferrous sulfate solution, and changing the color of the solution from orange (or yellow-green) to brownish-red through green and grey-green to obtain the end point. Two blanks must be run at the same time as the titration of the sample. Taking the average value, replacing the soil sample with quartz sand or burnt soil in the blank test, and performing the same operation for the rest of the tests.

In the formula: c represents the consumption molar concentration (mol/L) of ferrous sulfate; v₀Blank test consumes volume (ml) of ferrous sulfate solution; v, titrating the volume (ml) of ferrous sulfate consumed by the soil sample to be tested; from 0.003 to 1/4 g of carbon mmol; 10724 conversion coefficient of organic carbon in soil into organic matter; 1.1-correction factor (oxidation rate 90% in this way).

7. Determination of soil EC value

EC values are used to measure the concentration of soluble salts in solution. After the air-dried soil passes through a sieve pore of 1mm, 10g of the air-dried soil is weighed and placed in a 25mL beaker, 10mL of distilled water is added for shaking up, and the mixture is filtered by filter paper after being shaken for 5 minutes. The filtrate was measured for EC with an EC meter.

8. The chest diameter was measured at 1.3m from the surface at the beginning of the 4 month trial and at the end of the 10 month trial.

As shown in the test results of the attached figures 1 to 7, the different soil conditioners have the effect of improving the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil, wherein in example 6, the test results comprise turfy soil, desulfurized gypsum, volcanic ash and cow dung (turfy soil)：10Kg/m³And cow dung: 10Kg/m³Volcanic ash: 250g/m³And desulfurization gypsum: 1.5kg/m³) The soil improvement substance prepared by the formula has the best effect.

Therefore, the saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting can solve the problems that the existing soil improvement method causes great harm to soil and cannot effectively improve the soil.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A saline-alkaline soil improvement method for garden planting is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The saline alkali soil improvement method for garden planting according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises the steps of:

3. The saline alkali soil improvement method for garden planting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the organic fertilizer is cow dung.