CN113899672A - Automatic measuring system and method for soil percolation rate - Google Patents
Automatic measuring system and method for soil percolation rate Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003711 image thresholding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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Abstract
An automatic soil percolation rate measuring system is characterized by comprising a water inlet pipe, a cutting ring and a funnel which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the cutting ring is arranged on the funnel, the lower end of the funnel is provided with a measuring cylinder rotating device, the upper end of the measuring cylinder rotating device is provided with a plurality of measuring cylinder support arms with equal length, a measuring cylinder is arranged at the tail end of the measuring cylinder support arm, the measuring cylinder rotating device is provided with a rotating mechanism, so that the measuring cylinder support arm drives the measuring cylinder to sequentially rotate to an outlet at the lower end of the funnel, a camera platform is arranged on one side of the measuring cylinder at the lower end of the funnel, the camera platform captures images of the scale of the measuring cylinder and the internal liquid level, the measuring cylinder rotating device and the camera platform are electrically connected with the control cabinet, the measuring cylinder can be automatically replaced within a set measuring time interval through the measuring cylinder rotating device, the percolation speed in the next time interval is recalculated, and judging whether the soil infiltration coefficient k reaches a stable condition or not by comparing the infiltration speeds, thereby further calculating the soil infiltration coefficient k.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic determination of soil test parameters, in particular to an automatic determination system and a determination method for soil percolation rate.
Background
At present laboratory survey soil percolation rate adopts the dicyclo sword method usually, nevertheless lacks a fixed device and steadily places the dicyclo sword, and under the comparatively loose condition of soil texture, experiment operator not only needs the inflow of control graduated flask in time to change the graduated flask, the moisturizing of going up the cutting ring again, the condition of often can appearing the hand and foot in disorder. Therefore, a device capable of fixing the double-ring cutter and automatically adding water is needed, so that triple workload of adding water to the ring cutter and replacing the measuring cylinder by an experimental operator and recording infiltration rate is reduced.
Meanwhile, in the process of determination, because the moisture in the soil is not saturated in the early test, the percolation rate of the soil needs to be determined when the water seepage is stable, and the time for reaching the stability is usually 1 hour later, if water is added by a tester all the time, a beaker or a measuring cylinder is replaced, the time is counted, the percolation rate is recorded, whether the water seepage reaches a stable state or not is checked, and finally the percolation rate after the stability is calculated, firstly, the actions of test operators are too much and tedious, misoperation is easy to generate, the previous work is abandoned, and great tests are also carried out on the tolerance and the concentration degree of the tester, so that equipment capable of conveniently determining the percolation rate is needed.
In the prior art, equipment for measuring the soil infiltration rate is also provided, for example, chinese patent document CN 104568693 a describes an indoor soil infiltration rate measuring device and method, which can determine whether the soil reaches a stable state in time by determining whether the reading increase rate of a water collection measuring device is stable, the time interval for observing the reading change is much smaller and more accurate than that of the prior art, and the reading increment of the water collection measuring device within a few seconds can be used as a determination condition for the soil reaching the stable state, thereby solving the problem that the prior art has large errors in determining the soil reaching the stable infiltration time, measuring the infiltration time and the infiltration amount, but because the infiltrated water generally contains soil fines, the density of the water body is changed, and the density of the water body is also linked with the temperature and the purity of the water body, the weight of the water body which is infiltrated is converted into the volume of the water body has fundamental defects, and because the measuring tool needs to be changed according to the experiment progress in the experiment, the upper water surface of the cutting ring needs to be added to the original height again after the cutting ring is changed, and the device adopts the electronic balance, so that the changing operation difficulty is increased, and the parameter measurement cannot be automatically carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for automatically measuring the soil infiltration rate, which can automatically carry out all steps of soil infiltration in the whole process and automatically obtain a set soil infiltration coefficient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an automatic soil percolation rate measuring system comprises a water inlet pipe, a cutting ring and a funnel which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the cutting ring is arranged on the funnel, the lower end of the funnel is provided with a measuring cylinder rotating device, the upper end of the measuring cylinder rotating device is provided with a plurality of measuring cylinder support arms with equal length, a measuring cylinder is arranged at the tail end of the measuring cylinder support arm, the measuring cylinder rotating device is provided with a rotating mechanism, so that the measuring cylinder support arm drives the measuring cylinder to sequentially rotate to an outlet at the lower end of the funnel, a camera platform is arranged on one side of the measuring cylinder at the lower end of the funnel, the camera platform captures images of the scale of the measuring cylinder and the internal liquid level, the measuring cylinder rotating device and the camera platform are electrically connected with a control cabinet, the control cabinet is electrically connected with an operation platform, the measuring cylinder is controlled by the control cabinet to rotate to sequentially take water seeped from soil in the cutting ring, and then processing the shot measuring cylinder image to obtain the internal seepage water amount, thereby judging whether the stable condition is achieved and subsequently calculating the soil seepage coefficient.
Be equipped with water flow control valve on foretell inlet tube, level sensor has been inlayed on cutting ring upper portion, and funnel lower extreme exit is equipped with the shutoff valve, is equipped with rotating electrical machines and position sensor on the graduated flask rotary device, and level sensor and position sensor are connected with the controller input electricity in the switch board, and the controller output is connected with water flow control valve, shutoff valve and rotating electrical machines electricity.
An image processing device is arranged in the control cabinet, the image processing device is connected with a camera on the camera shooting table, and the image processing device is in communication connection with the controller;
the operating platform is provided with a human-computer interaction HMI and an operating button, the human-computer interaction HMI is in communication connection with the controller, and the operating button is electrically connected with the input end of the controller.
The structure of the measuring cylinder rotating device is as follows: including the motor cabinet, the terminal surface is equipped with fixed connection's rotating electrical machines under the motor cabinet, and rotating electrical machines's motor shaft is connected with the rotation support axle, and the back shaft top is equipped with rotatory flexible lid, and the graduated flask support arm covers evenly distributed at rotatory flexible, and the graduated flask is placed on the terminal support ring of graduated flask support arm, and the back shaft drives rotatory flexible lid and rather than sliding contact.
The connecting structure of the supporting shaft and the rotary telescopic cover comprises the following components: the back shaft upper end is equipped with the spacing axle of slip, the spacing axle radius of slip is less than its lower extreme, the spacing axle of slip stretches into in the rotatory flexible lid and rather than sliding contact, the terminal both sides of the spacing axle of slip are equipped with spacing slider, spout sliding contact in spacing slider and the rotatory flexible lid, be equipped with reset spring around the spacing axle axial of slip, the reset spring both ends support respectively rotatory back shaft up end and rotatory flexible lid down terminal surface, the rotatory back shaft is equipped with solenoid on the terminal surface that the terminal surface corresponds under with rotatory flexible lid, solenoid is connected with the controller output, graduated flask up end is higher than the export of funnel lower extreme when the flexible rotary device of graduated flask is in the extended position.
The video camera is characterized in that a video guide platform is arranged on the video camera platform, the video guide platform is just opposite to measuring cylinder scales below the funnel, a shrinkage-shaped image collecting window is arranged at the rear of the video guide platform, the video camera is fixedly connected with the rear end of the image collecting window, the camera is just opposite to the measuring cylinder, a light supplementing platform is arranged on the other side of the video camera platform on the measuring cylinder below the funnel, and an LED light supplementing lamp distributed along the vertical direction of the measuring cylinder is arranged on the light supplementing platform.
Foretell graduated flask bottom is equipped with the drain valve, and the drain valve is connected through wireless and controller communication, is equipped with on the drain valve to fill can receiving coil and energy storage power, is equipped with wireless electric pile that fills in graduated flask rotary device's rotatory route one side, and wireless electric pile upper end that fills is equipped with horizontal wireless horizontal pole that charges, and wireless horizontal pole lower extreme that charges is equipped with wireless charging coil, and wireless charging coil is just to filling the rotatory route that can receiving coil.
Foretell funnel upper end opening part is equipped with the cutting ring and supports end net, and the cutting ring is placed on cutting ring support end net, and the cutting ring supports end net and is netted rigid support frame, and its edge corresponds the matching with the inboard cambered surface in funnel upper end, is equipped with the cutting ring standing groove on the cutting ring support end net, and the cutting ring lower extreme imbeds the cutting ring standing groove.
Foretell motor cabinet and base fixed connection, the platform of making a video recording is located the base, and base one side is equipped with branch, is equipped with funnel support and water pipe staple bolt on the branch, and the funnel prevents in funnel support end, water pipe staple bolt and inlet tube fixed connection.
In a preferred scheme, a plurality of positioning lugs are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the supporting shaft, a proximity switch is adopted as a position sensor, and the vertical positions of the positioning lugs correspond to the position sensor;
in the preferred scheme, the side wall of the cutting ring is provided with a sensor mounting groove, the sensor mounting groove is communicated with the inside of the cutting ring, and the liquid level sensor is embedded into the sensor mounting groove.
The automatic determination method using the automatic determination system for the soil percolation rate comprises the following specific steps:
step one, inputting parameters including initial water inflow, water inflow adjustment strategy parameters, cutting ring liquid level height, measurement interval time before percolation stabilization, percolation stabilization condition parameters, measurement interval and measurement times after percolation stabilization in a human-computer interaction HMI (human machine interface), and initializing each control component: the shutoff valve is controlled to be opened, the water flow regulating valve is controlled to be closed,
Step two, starting automatic measurement, injecting water into the upper empty cutting ring by the controller according to a set initial water inlet flow control water flow control valve, and adjusting the liquid level of the water flow empty cutting ring to reach the set cutting ring liquid level height according to water inlet adjusting strategy parameters;
thirdly, a water injection camera captures a measuring cylinder image, the measuring cylinder image is sent to an image processing device for judgment, timing is started when water enters the measuring cylinder image, the image processing device processes the captured measuring cylinder image in real time, graying is carried out on the image, color information and surface texture information of the image are removed, outline information, edge information and inner liquid surface line edge information of the measuring cylinder are highlighted, then the image is subjected to median filtering algorithm with minimum absolute error to remove noise interference, then an image threshold segmentation is adopted to segment a target area in a door seam, other information of edge target accidents is eliminated, edge discrete points of the measuring cylinder outline, the edge and the inner liquid surface line are obtained, thinning nursing is carried out after edge pixels are carried out, edge pixel gray value is subdivided, edge information is obtained, Hough changing straight line fitting is carried out on discrete points of the bottom of the measuring cylinder and the liquid surface line after edge detection and edge pixel thinning, obtaining a straight line L1 at the bottom of the measuring cylinder and a straight line L2 of the inner liquid level line, obtaining a distance D between the two lines in the image, and obtaining a distance D = D/K between the two actual straight lines according to a proportional relation K between the shot image and the actual position;
the image processing device sends the value of the distance d to a controller, then the controller obtains the current real-time seepage water amount through calculation according to the inner diameter of the measuring cylinder, and the seepage water rate in the current time interval is obtained according to the set measuring time interval and the calculated seepage water amount in the interval time;
step five, after the set time interval is reached, the measuring cylinder is replaced: firstly, controlling a shut-off valve to be closed, then controlling an electromagnetic coil to be electrified, rotating a telescopic cover to enable the upper end face of a downward retractable measuring cylinder to be lower than an outlet of a funnel, then rotating a rotating motor to drive an unused empty measuring cylinder to rotate to the lower part of the funnel, judging whether the empty measuring cylinder rotates to the position or not through a signal of a detection position sensor, stopping the motor when the empty measuring cylinder rotates to the position, controlling the electromagnetic coil to lose power, extending the rotary telescopic cover out, replacing the measuring cylinder in place, firstly opening the shut-off valve, discharging water accumulated in the measuring cylinder during replacement of the measuring cylinder in the funnel into the empty measuring cylinder, calculating the accumulated water amount through the third step, then re-performing water injection operation in the second step to enable the liquid level of the empty annular knife to reach the set annular knife liquid level height, calculating the water seepage speed at the next time interval, and discharging liquid in the previously used measuring cylinder through opening a drain valve;
step six, comparing the water seepage speed change rate calculated by the time interval before and after with a built-in stable condition, judging whether the water seepage speed reaches a stable state, if not, continuing to measure according to a set time interval until the water seepage speed reaches the stable state, if so, entering the step seven;
and step seven, when the soil infiltration coefficient is judged to reach the stable state, measuring the soil infiltration coefficient for multiple times according to the set stable measurement time interval and the set stable measurement times, then averaging to obtain the final soil infiltration coefficient, and finishing the measurement.
The on-line monitoring device and method for the oil-immersed power transformer provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. automatic water injection is provided to a specified height, a measuring cylinder is automatically replaced, automatic calculation is carried out, one-stop work is carried out, and automatic determination of the soil percolation rate can be completed without manual intervention;
2. the supporting bottom net of the cutting ring is used for providing reliable support for the cutting ring, so that the distraction caused by multiple operations of timing, recording measurement parameters, replacing a measuring cylinder and the like during testing can be avoided when the water inflow is required to be adjusted, whether the liquid level of the cutting ring is flush with a port or not is concerned, whether the cutting ring is stable or not is required to be observed during manual testing;
3. the liquid volume in the measuring cylinder is obtained through processing the liquid level image of the measuring cylinder shot by the camera and the image processing device, real-time operation can be performed, the accuracy is high, the measurement result of the soil percolation rate can be obtained immediately when the measurement is performed for the last time, and manual checking calculation is not needed;
4. the whole measuring process reaches more than 1 hour, the device only needs to measure parameters, and unmanned operation can be realized in the measuring process, so that manpower is liberated.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of an automatic soil percolation rate measuring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the automatic soil percolation rate measuring system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the automatic soil percolation rate measuring system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of an automatic soil percolation rate measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial schematic view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged partial schematic view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the combination of the cutting ring, the cutting ring support bottom net and the funnel;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a cutting ring support base net;
FIG. 10 is an electrical schematic of an automatic soil percolation rate determination system;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connections of the controller;
FIG. 12 is a view of a measuring cylinder taken by a camera;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a graduated cylinder image thresholding process;
FIG. 14 is a schematic representation after a graduated cylinder image detection and edge pixel thinning process;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram after line fitting.
Wherein: the device comprises a base 1, a support rod 2, a funnel support 3, a water pipe hoop 4, a water inlet pipe 5, a water flow regulating valve 51, a cutting ring 6, a sensor mounting groove 61, a funnel 7, a measuring cylinder rotating device 8, a measuring cylinder support arm 81, a motor base 82, a rotating motor 83, a rotating support shaft 84, a limit slide block 841, a sliding limit shaft 842, a rotating telescopic cover 85, a chute 851, an electromagnetic coil 86, a reset spring 87, a measuring cylinder 9, a cutting ring support bottom net 10, a cutting ring placement groove 101, a position sensor 11, a positioning lug 12, a shut-off valve 13, a light supplementing table 14, an LED light supplementing lamp 141, a camera table 15, a camera 151, a video receiving window 152, a video guide table 153, a control cabinet 16, a controller 161, an analog quantity module 162, an image processing device 163, an operation table 17, a human-computer interaction HMI171, an operation mode knob 172, a shut-off valve button 173, a rotating motor button 174, an emergency stop switch 175, a liquid level sensor 18, a sensor mounting groove 61, a measuring groove 7, a measuring groove measuring, The drain valve 19, fill and to receive coil 191, wireless electric pile 20, wireless horizontal pole 201 that charges.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following by combining the drawings and the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the automatic soil percolation rate measuring system comprises a water inlet pipe 5, a ring cutter 6 and a funnel 7 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the ring cutter 6 is placed on the funnel 7, a measuring cylinder rotating device 8 is arranged at the lower end of the funnel 7, a plurality of measuring cylinder support arms 81 with equal length are arranged at the upper end of the measuring cylinder rotating device 8, a measuring cylinder 9 is placed at the tail end of the measuring cylinder support arm 81, the measuring cylinder rotating device 8 is provided with a rotating mechanism, the measuring cylinder support arm 81 drives the measuring cylinder 9 to rotate to an outlet at the lower end of the funnel 7 in sequence, a camera platform 15 is arranged at one side of the measuring cylinder 9 at the lower end of the funnel 7, the camera platform 15 takes images of the scales and the internal liquid level of the measuring cylinder, the measuring cylinder rotating device 8 and the camera platform 15 are electrically connected with a control cabinet 16, the control cabinet 16 is electrically connected with an operation platform 17, the measuring cylinder 9 is controlled by the control cabinet 16 to rotate to take water percolating and leaching out soil in the ring cutter 6 in sequence, then the images of the measuring cylinder are processed to obtain the percolating and draining amount, thereby judging whether the stable condition is achieved and subsequently calculating the soil infiltration coefficient.
The measuring cylinder rotating device 8 can automatically replace the measuring cylinder within the set measuring time interval to recalculate the infiltration speed within the next time interval, and judge whether the stable condition is achieved or not through the comparison of the infiltration speeds, thereby further calculating the soil infiltration coefficient K.
As shown in fig. 2, 5 and 8, the water inlet pipe 5 is provided with a water flow regulating valve 51, the upper part of the cutting ring 6 is embedded with a liquid level sensor 18, the outlet of the lower end of the funnel 7 is provided with a shut-off valve 13, the measuring cylinder rotating device 8 is provided with a rotating motor 83 and a position sensor 11, the liquid level sensor 18 and the position sensor 11 are electrically connected with the input end of a controller 161 in the control cabinet 16, and the output end of the controller 161 is electrically connected with the water flow regulating valve 51, the shut-off valve 13 and the rotating motor 83.
As shown in fig. 10, an image processing device 163 is disposed in the control cabinet 16, the image processing device 163 is connected to the camera 151 on the camera platform 15, and the image processing device 163 is connected to the controller 161 in a communication manner;
the operating platform 17 is provided with a human-computer interaction HMI171 and operating buttons, the human-computer interaction HMI171 is in communication connection with the controller 161, and the operating buttons are electrically connected with the input end of the controller 161.
As shown in fig. 1 and 11, the operating platform 17 is provided with a human-machine interaction HMI171 for setting test parameters, and the operating buttons include an operating mode knob 172, a valve closing button 173, a rotating motor button 174 and an emergency stop switch 175, so that the equipment can be operated either fully automatically or manually in steps, thereby facilitating the maintenance and repair, or in steps.
As shown in fig. 11, the water flow control valve 51 is controlled by analog quantity, so that the water flow can be controlled in real time, when water is injected into the cutting ring, when the liquid level reaches the upper end surface, the water flow is gradually reduced, so that the liquid level is controlled more accurately, the liquid level sensor 18 adopts analog quantity, the input of the liquid level sensor 18 is connected to the analog quantity module 162, and the water flow signal of the analog quantity module 162 is output to the water flow control valve 51 through the output end.
The image processing device 163 employs an ANPV0262ADP type image processor manufactured by Panasonic corporation, and the controller 161 employs an S7 series PLC of SIEMENS, which can directly communicate with each other through an Ethernet interface.
As shown in fig. 5, the measuring cylinder rotating device 8 is configured as follows: including motor cabinet 82, the terminal surface is equipped with fixed connection's rotating electrical machines 83 under motor cabinet 82, and the motor shaft and the rotatory back shaft 84 of rotating electrical machines 83 are connected, are equipped with rotatory flexible lid 85 above back shaft 84, and graduated flask support arm 81 evenly distributed is covered 85 in rotatory flexible, and graduated flask 9 places on the terminal support ring of graduated flask support arm 81, and back shaft 84 drives rotatory flexible lid 85 rotatory and rather than sliding contact.
As shown in fig. 5, the above-described connection structure of the support shaft 84 and the rotary telescopic cover 85 is: the upper end of the supporting shaft 84 is provided with a sliding limiting shaft 842, the radius of the sliding limiting shaft 842 is smaller than that of the lower end of the sliding limiting shaft 842, the sliding limiting shaft 842 extends into the rotary telescopic cover 85 and is in sliding contact with the rotary telescopic cover 85, two sides of the tail end of the sliding limiting shaft 842 are provided with limiting sliders 841, the limiting sliders 841 are in sliding contact with chutes 851 in the rotary telescopic cover 85, a return spring 87 is axially arranged around the sliding limiting shaft 842, two ends of the return spring 87 respectively abut against the upper end face of the rotary supporting shaft 84 and the lower end face of the rotary telescopic cover 85, the end face of the rotary supporting shaft 84 corresponding to the lower end face of the rotary telescopic cover 85 is provided with an electromagnetic coil 86, the electromagnetic coil 86 is connected with the output end of the controller 161, the upper end face of the measuring cylinder 9 is higher than the outlet at the lower end of the funnel 7 when the measuring cylinder 8 is in an extending position, when the measuring cylinder 9 needs to fall, the electromagnetic coil 86 is electrified to generate an axial magnetic field to attract the lower end face of the rotary telescopic cover 85 to be attached to the rotary supporting shaft 84, when the measuring cylinder 9 needs to be lifted, the electromagnetic coil 86 is de-energized, and the return spring 87 returns the rotary telescopic cover 85.
As shown in fig. 5, a guide platform 153 is disposed on the above-mentioned camera platform 15, the guide platform 153 is just opposite to the scale of the measuring cylinder 9 below the funnel 7, a retractable image-receiving window 152 is disposed behind the guide platform 153, the camera 151 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the image-receiving window 152, and the camera is just opposite to the measuring cylinder 9, a light supplement platform 14 is disposed on the other side of the measuring cylinder 9 below the funnel 7, and the light supplement platform 14 is provided with LED light supplement lamps 141 distributed along the vertical direction of the measuring cylinder 9, normal operation of the device depends on clear images of the measuring cylinder, and the panorama of the measuring cylinder is transmitted to the camera through the structures of the light supplement platform 14 and the guide platform 153, so that the device can still normally operate under the condition of dim light.
As shown in fig. 1, the bottom of the measuring cylinder 9 is provided with a drain valve 19, the drain valve 19 is in communication connection with the controller 161 through wireless, the drain valve 19 is provided with an energy charging receiving coil 191 and an energy storage power supply, one side of a rotating path of the measuring cylinder rotating device 8 is provided with a wireless charging pile 20, the upper end of the wireless charging pile 20 is provided with a transverse wireless charging cross rod 201, the lower end of the wireless charging cross rod 201 is provided with a wireless charging coil, the wireless charging coil is just opposite to the rotating path of the energy charging receiving coil 191, through the drain valve 19 and a wireless charging structure, the water in the measuring cylinder can be automatically discharged, and the water is circulated and repeatedly measured below the funnel, and subsequent measurement is not influenced.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, a cutting ring supporting bottom net 10 is disposed at an opening at the upper end of the funnel 7, the cutting ring 6 is placed on the cutting ring supporting bottom net 10, the cutting ring supporting bottom net 10 is a net-shaped rigid supporting frame, the edge of the cutting ring supporting bottom net corresponds to and matches with the inner arc surface of the upper end of the funnel 7, a cutting ring placing groove 101 is disposed on the cutting ring supporting bottom net 10, the lower end of the cutting ring 6 is embedded into the cutting ring placing groove 101, and the cutting ring can be stably placed on the funnel by matching the cutting ring placing groove and the edge with the inner side of the funnel.
As shown in fig. 1, the motor base 82 is fixedly connected with the base 1, the camera platform 15 is located on the base 1, the supporting rod 2 is arranged on one side of the base 1, the funnel support 3 and the water pipe hoop 4 are arranged on the supporting rod 2, the funnel 7 is prevented from being arranged at the tail end of the funnel support 3, the water pipe hoop 4 is fixedly connected with the water inlet pipe 5, and the funnel support 3 and the water pipe hoop 4 are provided with fastening knobs in contact with the supporting rod 2 for adjusting the upper position and the lower position of the water inlet pipe 5 and the funnel 7.
The position sensor 11 adopts an encoder, which can sense the angle of the rotating support shaft 84 in real time, and the positioning is more accurate, and the preferable scheme is as shown in fig. 1 and 4, a plurality of positioning lugs 12 are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the support shaft 84, the position sensor 11 adopts a proximity switch, and the vertical positions of the positioning lugs 12 correspond to the position sensor 11;
the preferable scheme is as shown in fig. 8, a sensor mounting groove 61 is formed in the side wall of the cutting ring 6, the sensor mounting groove 61 is communicated with the inside of the cutting ring 6, the liquid level sensor 18 is embedded into the sensor mounting groove 61, and the sensor does not occupy the inner space of the cutting ring, so that the detection is more accurate.
The automatic determination method using the automatic determination system for the soil percolation rate comprises the following specific steps:
inputting parameters including initial water inflow, water inflow adjustment strategy parameters, cutting ring liquid level height, measurement interval time before percolation stabilization, percolation stabilization condition parameters, measurement interval and measurement times after percolation stabilization in a human-computer interaction HMI171, and initializing each control component: the shutoff valve 13 is controlled to be opened, the water flow regulating valve 51 is controlled to be closed,
Step two, starting automatic measurement, injecting water into the upper empty cutting ring 6 by the controller 161 according to a set initial water inlet flow control water flow regulating valve 51, and regulating the liquid level of the water flow empty cutting ring to reach the set cutting ring liquid level height according to water inlet regulation strategy parameters;
step three, as shown in fig. 12-15, the water injection camera 151 captures the image of the measuring cylinder 9, and sends the image to the image processing device 163 for judgment, when it is judged that water enters, the image processing device 163 processes the captured image of the measuring cylinder 9 in real time, firstly graying the image, removing the color information and surface texture information of the image, highlighting the contour information, edge information and inner liquid surface line edge information of the measuring cylinder 9, then adopting a median filtering algorithm with minimum absolute error to filter noise interference, then adopting image threshold segmentation to segment the target area in the door seam, eliminating other unexpected information of the edge target, obtaining edge discrete points of the contour, edge and inner liquid surface line of the measuring cylinder 9, carrying out post-nursing after edge pixel thinning, carrying out subdivision processing on the edge pixels, obtaining edge gray value, carrying out Hough change method straight line fitting on discrete points of the bottom of the measuring cylinder and the liquid surface line after edge detection and edge pixel thinning processing to obtain a straight line L1 of the bottom of the measuring cylinder and a straight line L2 of the liquid surface line inside the measuring cylinder, obtaining a distance D between the two lines in the image, and obtaining a distance D = D/K between the two actual straight lines according to a proportional relation K between the shot image and an actual position;
step four, the image processing device 163 sends the value of the distance d to the controller 161, then the controller 161 obtains the current real-time seepage water amount through calculation according to the inner diameter of the measuring cylinder, and obtains the seepage water rate in the current time interval according to the set measurement time interval by combining the calculated seepage water amount in the interval time;
step five, after the set time interval is reached, the measuring cylinder 9 is replaced: firstly, the shut-off valve 13 is controlled to be closed, then the electromagnetic coil 86 is controlled to be electrified, the upper end surface of the downward retractable measuring cylinder of the rotary retractable cover 85 is lower than the outlet of the funnel 7, then the rotary motor 83 rotates to drive the unused empty measuring cylinder to rotate to the lower part of the funnel 7, whether the empty measuring cylinder rotates in place is judged by detecting the signal of the position sensor 11, when the measuring cylinder is rotated to the right position, the motor is stopped, the electromagnetic coil 86 is controlled to lose power, the rotary telescopic cover 85 extends out, the measuring cylinder is replaced to the right position, the shutoff valve 13 is opened firstly, the water accumulated in the funnel 7 during the period of replacing the measuring cylinder is discharged into the empty measuring cylinder, the accumulated water amount is calculated through the third step, then, the water injection operation in the step two is carried out again, so that the liquid level of the empty cutting ring reaches the set liquid level height of the cutting ring, the water seepage speed calculation of the next time interval is carried out, and the liquid in the used measuring cylinder 9 is discharged by opening the drain valve 19;
step six, comparing the water seepage speed change rate calculated by the time interval before and after with a built-in stable condition, judging whether the water seepage speed reaches a stable state, if not, continuing to measure according to a set time interval until the water seepage speed reaches the stable state, if so, entering the step seven;
and step seven, when the soil infiltration coefficient is judged to reach the stable state, measuring the soil infiltration coefficient for multiple times according to the set stable measurement time interval and the set stable measurement times, then averaging to obtain the final soil infiltration coefficient, and finishing the measurement.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic soil percolation rate measuring system is characterized by comprising a water inlet pipe (5), a cutting ring (6) and a funnel (7) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the cutting ring (6) is placed on the funnel (7), a measuring cylinder rotating device (8) is arranged at the lower end of the funnel (7), a plurality of measuring cylinder support arms (81) with equal length are arranged at the upper end of the measuring cylinder rotating device (8), a measuring cylinder (9) is placed at the tail end of the measuring cylinder support arm (81), the measuring cylinder rotating device (8) is provided with a rotating mechanism, the measuring cylinder support arms (81) drive the measuring cylinder (9) to sequentially rotate to an outlet at the lower end of the funnel (7), a camera platform (15) is arranged on one side of the measuring cylinder (9) at the lower end of the funnel (7), the camera platform (15) performs image shooting on the scale of the measuring cylinder and the internal liquid level, the measuring cylinder rotating device (8) and the camera platform (15) are electrically connected with a control cabinet (16), and the control cabinet (16) is electrically connected with an operation platform (17), the measuring cylinder (9) is controlled by the control cabinet (16) to rotate to sequentially take water seeped from the soil in the cutting ring (6), and then the taken measuring cylinder image is processed to obtain the internal seepage water amount, so that whether a stable condition is achieved or not is judged, and the soil seepage coefficient is subsequently calculated.
2. The automatic soil percolation rate measuring system according to claim 1, characterized in that a water flow regulating valve (51) is arranged on the water inlet pipe (5), a liquid level sensor (18) is embedded at the upper part of the cutting ring (6), a shut-off valve (13) is arranged at the outlet of the lower end of the funnel (7), a rotary motor (83) and a position sensor (11) are arranged on the measuring cylinder rotating device (8), the liquid level sensor (18) and the position sensor (11) are electrically connected with the input end of a controller (161) in the control cabinet (16), and the output end of the controller (161) is electrically connected with the water flow regulating valve (51), the shut-off valve (13) and the rotary motor (83).
3. The automatic soil filtration rate measuring system according to claim 2, wherein an image processing device (163) is arranged in the control cabinet (16), the image processing device (163) is connected with the camera (151) on the camera table (15), and the image processing device (163) is in communication connection with the controller (161);
the operating platform (17) is provided with a human-computer interaction HMI (171) and an operating button, the human-computer interaction HMI (171) is in communication connection with the controller (161), and the operating button is electrically connected with the input end of the controller (161).
4. The automatic soil filtration rate measuring system according to claim 3, wherein said measuring cylinder rotating means (8) is constructed as: including motor cabinet (82), terminal surface is equipped with fixed connection's rotating electrical machines (83) under motor cabinet (82), and the motor shaft and the rotation support axle (84) of rotating electrical machines (83) are connected, and back axle (84) top is equipped with rotatory flexible lid (85), graduated flask support arm (81) evenly distributed on rotatory flexible lid (85), place on the support ring at graduated flask support arm (81) end graduated flask (9), back axle (84) drive rotatory flexible lid (85) rotatory and rather than sliding contact.
5. The automatic soil filtration rate measuring system according to claim 4, wherein the connecting structure of the support shaft (84) and the rotary telescopic cover (85) is: support shaft (84) upper end is equipped with slip spacing axle (842), slip spacing axle (842) radius ratio is less than its lower extreme, slip spacing axle (842) stretch into in rotatory flexible lid (85) and rather than sliding contact, slip spacing axle (842) end both sides are equipped with spacing slider (841), spout (851) sliding contact in spacing slider (841) and rotatory flexible lid (85), be equipped with reset spring (87) around slip spacing axle (842) axial, reset spring (87) both ends support respectively rotatory support shaft (84) up end and rotatory flexible lid (85) lower extreme face, rotatory support shaft (84) are equipped with solenoid (86) on the terminal surface that corresponds with rotatory flexible lid (85) lower extreme face, solenoid (86) are connected with controller (161) output, graduated flask (9) up end is higher than funnel (7) lower extreme export when graduated flask flexible rotary device (8) are in the extended position.
6. The automatic soil percolation rate measuring system according to claim 5, wherein a video guide table (153) is arranged on the video camera (15), the video guide table (153) is just opposite to the scales of the measuring cylinder (9) below the funnel (7), a contraction-shaped video collecting window (152) is arranged behind the video guide table (153), the camera (151) is fixedly connected with the rear end of the video collecting window (152), the camera is just opposite to the measuring cylinder (9), a light supplementing table (14) is arranged on the other side of the measuring cylinder (9) below the funnel (7) which is just opposite to the video camera (15), and LED light supplementing lamps (141) which are distributed along the vertical direction of the measuring cylinder (9) are arranged on the light supplementing table (14).
7. The automatic soil percolation rate measuring system according to claim 6, wherein a drain valve (19) is arranged at the bottom of the measuring cylinder (9), the drain valve (19) is in communication connection with a controller (161) through wireless communication, an energy charging receiving coil (191) and an energy storage power supply are arranged on the drain valve (19), a wireless charging pile (20) is arranged on one side of a rotating path of the measuring cylinder rotating device (8), a transverse wireless charging cross rod (201) is arranged at the upper end of the wireless charging pile (20), a wireless charging coil is arranged at the lower end of the wireless charging cross rod (201), and the wireless charging coil is opposite to the rotating path of the energy charging receiving coil (191).
8. The automatic soil filtration rate measuring system according to claim 7, wherein a cutting ring supporting bottom net (10) is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the funnel (7), the cutting ring (6) is placed on the cutting ring supporting bottom net (10), the cutting ring supporting bottom net (10) is a net-shaped rigid supporting frame, the edge of the cutting ring supporting bottom net is correspondingly matched with the inner arc surface of the upper end of the funnel (7), a cutting ring placing groove (101) is arranged on the cutting ring supporting bottom net (10), and the lower end of the cutting ring (6) is embedded into the cutting ring placing groove (101).
9. The automatic soil filtration rate measuring system according to claim 6, wherein the motor base (82) is fixedly connected with the base (1), the camera platform (15) is positioned on the base (1), one side of the base (1) is provided with a support rod (2), the support rod (2) is provided with a funnel support (3) and a water pipe hoop (4), the funnel (7) is prevented from being arranged at the tail end of the funnel support (3), and the water pipe hoop (4) is fixedly connected with the water inlet pipe (5).
10. An automatic measuring method using the automatic soil filtration rate measuring system according to claim 8, characterized in that the measuring steps are as follows:
inputting parameters including initial water inflow, water inflow adjusting strategy parameters, the liquid level height of a cutting ring, measurement interval time before infiltration stabilization, infiltration stabilization condition parameters, measurement interval and measurement times after stabilization after infiltration in a human-computer interaction HMI (171), and initializing each control component: the shutoff valve (13) is controlled to be opened, the water flow regulating valve (51) is controlled to be closed,
Step two, starting automatic measurement, injecting water into the upper empty cutting ring (6) by a controller (161) according to a set initial water inlet flow control water flow regulating valve (51), and regulating the liquid level of the water flow empty cutting ring to reach the set cutting ring liquid level height according to water inlet regulating strategy parameters;
step three, the water injection camera (151) captures the image of the measuring cylinder (9), the image is sent to an image processing device (163) for judgment, when the water is judged to enter, timing is started, the image processing device (163) processes the captured image of the measuring cylinder (9) in real time, the image is firstly subjected to gray processing, color information and surface texture information of the image are removed, outline information, edge information and inner liquid surface line edge information of the measuring cylinder (9) are highlighted, then the image is subjected to noise interference filtering by adopting a median filtering algorithm with minimum absolute error, then an image threshold segmentation is adopted to segment a target area in a door seam, other unexpected information of an edge target is removed, edge discrete points of the outline, the edge and the inner liquid surface line of the measuring cylinder (9) are obtained, nursing is carried out after edge pixel thinning, the gray value of the edge pixel is subjected to subdivision processing, and edge information is obtained, carrying out Hough change method straight line fitting on discrete points of the bottom of the measuring cylinder and the liquid surface line after edge detection and edge pixel thinning processing to obtain a straight line L1 of the bottom of the measuring cylinder and a straight line L2 of the liquid surface line inside the measuring cylinder, obtaining a distance D between the two lines in the image, and obtaining a distance D = D/K between the two actual straight lines according to a proportional relation K between the shot image and an actual position;
step four, the image processing device (163) sends the value of the distance d to the controller (161), then the controller (161) obtains the current real-time seepage water amount through calculation according to the inner diameter of the measuring cylinder, and the seepage water rate in the current time interval is obtained according to the set measuring time interval and the calculated seepage water amount in the interval time;
and step five, after the set time interval is reached, replacing the measuring cylinder (9): firstly, the shut-off valve (13) is controlled to be closed, then the electromagnetic coil (86) is controlled to be electrified, the upper end surface of the downward contraction type measuring cylinder of the rotary telescopic cover (85) is lower than the outlet of the funnel (7), then the rotary motor (83) rotates to drive the unused air measuring cylinder to rotate to the lower part of the funnel (7), whether the air measuring cylinder rotates in place is judged by detecting the signal of the position sensor (11), when the measuring cylinder rotates to the right position, the motor stops, the electromagnetic coil (86) is controlled to lose power, the rotary telescopic cover (85) extends out, the measuring cylinder is replaced to the right position, the shutoff valve (13) is opened firstly, water accumulated in the funnel (7) during the period of replacing the measuring cylinder is discharged into an empty measuring cylinder, the accumulated water amount is calculated through the third step, then, the water injection operation in the step two is carried out again, so that the liquid level of the empty cutting ring reaches the set liquid level of the cutting ring, the water seepage speed at the next time interval is calculated, and the liquid in the used measuring cylinder (9) is discharged by opening a drain valve (19);
step six, comparing the water seepage speed change rate calculated by the time interval before and after with a built-in stable condition, judging whether the water seepage speed reaches a stable state, if not, continuing to measure according to a set time interval until the water seepage speed reaches the stable state, if so, entering the step seven;
and step seven, when the soil infiltration coefficient is judged to reach the stable state, measuring the soil infiltration coefficient for multiple times according to the set stable measurement time interval and the set stable measurement times, then averaging to obtain the final soil infiltration coefficient, and finishing the measurement.
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| CN202111063798.0A CN113899672B (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2021-09-10 | Automatic soil infiltration rate measuring system and measuring method |
| CN202410747204.5A CN118483138A (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2021-09-10 | Automatic determination method for soil infiltration rate |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106033046A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-10-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | A soil saturated hydraulic conductivity automatic measuring apparatus |
| CN207074157U (en) * | 2017-07-01 | 2018-03-06 | 云南师范大学 | A kind of observation soil process of osmosis simultaneously measures the device of seepage velocity |
| US10809175B1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-10-20 | Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University | Device and method for soil hydraulic permeability measurement |
| CN215985655U (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-03-08 | 上海市园林科学规划研究院 | Device for measuring soil percolation rate in laboratory |
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2021
- 2021-09-10 CN CN202410747204.5A patent/CN118483138A/en active Pending
- 2021-09-10 CN CN202111063798.0A patent/CN113899672B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106033046A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-10-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | A soil saturated hydraulic conductivity automatic measuring apparatus |
| CN207074157U (en) * | 2017-07-01 | 2018-03-06 | 云南师范大学 | A kind of observation soil process of osmosis simultaneously measures the device of seepage velocity |
| US10809175B1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-10-20 | Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University | Device and method for soil hydraulic permeability measurement |
| CN215985655U (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-03-08 | 上海市园林科学规划研究院 | Device for measuring soil percolation rate in laboratory |
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