CN113896720B - 有机化合物、电子元件及电子装置 - Google Patents
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- CN113896720B CN113896720B CN202111135682.3A CN202111135682A CN113896720B CN 113896720 B CN113896720 B CN 113896720B CN 202111135682 A CN202111135682 A CN 202111135682A CN 113896720 B CN113896720 B CN 113896720B
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本申请属于有机材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种有机化合物、电子元件及电子装置。
背景技术
随着电子技术的发展和材料科学的进步,用于实现电致发光或者光电转化的电子元器件的应用范围越来越广泛。该类电子元器件通常包括相对设置的阴极和阳极,以及设置于阴极和阳极之间的功能层。该功能层由多层有机或者无机膜层组成,且一般包括能量转化层、位于能量转化层与阳极之间的空穴传输层、位于能量转化层与阴极之间的电子传输层。
以有机电致发光器件为例,其一般包括依次层叠设置的阳极、空穴传输层、作为能量转化层的电致发光层、电子传输层和阴极。当阴阳两极施加电压时,两电极产生电场,在电场的作用下,阴极侧的电子向电致发光层移动,阳极侧的空穴也向发光层移动,电子和空穴在电致发光层结合形成激子,激子处于激发态向外释放能量,进而使得电致发光层对外发光。
通常,在高温环境下驱动或保管有机电致发光元件时,有机电致发光元件会产生光颜色的变化、发光效率的降低、驱动电压的升高、发光寿命的缩短等不良影响。为了防止该影响,必须升高空穴传输层材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。目前报道的空穴传输层材料由于分子量普遍较小,材料的玻璃化温度较低;在材料使用过程中,反复充电放电会使材料容易结晶、薄膜的均一性被破坏,从而影响材料使用寿命。
因此,开发稳定、高效的空穴传输层材料,以改善电荷迁移率、降低驱动电压、提高器件发光效率、延长器件寿命具有非常重要的实际应用价值。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种有机化合物、电子元件及电子装置,该有机化合物用于有机电致发光器件中,可以提高器件的性能。
根据本申请的第一方面,提供一种有机化合物,其具有如化学式Ⅰ表示的结构:
其中,X选自O、S、C(R1R2)、Si(R3R4);
Ar1和Ar2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自碳原子数为6~40的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3~30的取代或未取代的杂芳基;
L选自碳原子数为6~30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3~30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基;
L1和L2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6~30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3~30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基;
R1、R2、R3和R4相同或不同,且各自独立地选自碳原子数为1~5的烷基、碳原子数为6~12的芳基;任选地,R1和R2与他们共同的原子形成饱和或不饱和的5~13元环;任选地,R3和R4与他们共同的原子形成饱和或不饱和的5~13元环;
L、L1、L2、Ar1和Ar2中的取代基相同或不同,且各自独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3~12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1~10的烷基、碳原子数为1~10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为6~20的芳基、碳原子数为3~20的杂芳基;任选地,Ar1和Ar2中的任意两个相邻的取代基形成取代或未取代的3~15元环,所述3~15元环中的取代基独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3~6的三烷基硅基、三苯基硅基、碳原子数为1~5的烷基、碳原子数为1~5的卤代烷基。
根据本申请的第二方面,提供一种电子元件,包括相对设置的阳极和阴极,以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层;所述功能层包含上述的有机化合物。
根据本申请的第三方面,提供了一种电子装置,包括第二方面的电子元件。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本申请,但并不构成对本申请的限制。
图1是本申请一种实施方式的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一种实施方式的第一电子装置的结构示意图。
图3是本申请一种实施方式的光电转化器件的结构示意图。
图4是本申请一种实施方式的第二电子装置的结构示意图。
附图标记
100、阳极 200、阴极 300、功能层 310、空穴注入层
320、空穴传输层 321、第一空穴传输层 322、第二空穴传输层 330、有机发光层
340、电子传输层 350、电子注入层 360、光电转化层 400、第一电子装置
500、第二电子装置
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例性实施方式。然而,示例性实施方式能够以多种形式实施,且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的范例;相反,提供这些实施方式使得本申请将更加全面和完整,并将示例性实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施方式中。在下面的描述中,提供许多具体细节从而给出对本申请的实施方式的充分理解。
第一方面,本申请提供了一种有机化合物,其具有如化学式Ⅰ表示的结构:
其中,X选自O、S、C(R1R2)、Si(R3R4);
Ar1和Ar2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自碳原子数为6~40的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3~30的取代或未取代的杂芳基;
L选自碳原子数为6~30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3~30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基;
L1和L2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6~30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3~30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基;
R1、R2、R3和R4相同或不同,且各自独立地选自碳原子数为1~5的烷基、碳原子数为6~12的芳基;任选地,R1和R2与他们共同的原子形成饱和或不饱和的5~13元环;任选地,R3和R4与他们共同的原子形成饱和或不饱和的5~13元环;
L、L1、L2、Ar1和Ar2中的取代基相同或不同,且各自独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3~12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1~10的烷基、碳原子数为1~10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为6~20的芳基、碳原子数为3~20的杂芳基;任选地,Ar1和Ar2中的任意两个相邻的取代基形成取代或未取代的3~15元环,所述3~15元环中的取代基独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3~6的三烷基硅基、三苯基硅基、碳原子数为1~5的烷基、碳原子数为1~5的卤代烷基。
本申请中,“取代或未取代的”这样的术语是指,在该术语后面记载的官能团可以具有或不具有取代基(下文为了便于描述,将取代基统称为Rc)。举例来讲,“取代或未取代的芳基”是指具有取代基Rc的芳基或者没有取代的芳基。其中上述的取代基即Rc例如可以为氘、卤素基团、氰基、杂芳基、芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、卤代烷基等。取代基Rc的个数可以是一个,也可以是多个当同一个原子上连接有两个取代基Rc时,这两个取代基Rc可以独立地存在或者相互连接以与所述原子形成环;当官能团上存在两个相邻的取代基Rc时,相邻的个取代基Rc可以独立地存在或者与其所连接的官能团稠合成环。
“任意两个相邻”可以包括同一个原子上具有两个取代基,还可以包括两个相邻的原子上分别具有一个取代基;其中,当同一个原子上具有两个取代基时,两个取代基可以与其共同连接的该原子形成饱和或不饱和的环;当两个相邻的原子上分别具有一个取代基时,这两个取代基可以稠合成环。
在本申请中,术语“任选”、“任选地”意味着随后所描述的事件或者环境可以但不必发生,该说明包括该事情或者环境发生或者不发生的场合。例如,“任选地,两个相邻的取代基形成环”意味着这两个取代基可以形成环但不是必须形成环,包括:两个相邻的取代基形成环的情景和两个相邻的取代基不形成环的情景。
本申请中,所采用的描述方式“各……独立地为”与“……分别独立地为”和“……独立地选自”可以互换,均应做广义理解,其既可以是指在不同基团中,相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响,也可以表示在相同的基团中,相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响。例如,“其中,各q独立地为0、1、2或3,各R”独立地选自氢、氘、氟、氯”,其含义是:式Q-1表示苯环上有q个取代基R”,各个R”可以相同也可以不同,每个R”的选项之间互不影响;式Q-2表示联苯的每一个苯环上有q个取代基R”,两个苯环上的R”取代基的个数q可以相同或不同,各个R”可以相同也可以不同,每个R”的选项之间互不影响。
本申请中,取代或未取代的官能团的碳原子数,指的是所有碳原子数。举例而言,若L1为碳原子数为12的取代的亚芳基,则亚芳基及其上的取代基的所有碳原子数为12。
本申请中,芳基指的是衍生自芳香碳环的任选官能团或取代基。芳基可以是单环芳基(例如苯基)或多环芳基,换言之,芳基可以是单环芳基、稠环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个单环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的单环芳基和稠环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个稠环芳基。即,除非另有说明,通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个芳香基团也可以视为本申请的芳基。其中,稠环芳基例如可以包括双环稠合芳基(例如,萘基)、三环稠合芳基(例如,菲基、芴基、蒽基)等。芳基中不含有B、N、O、S、P、Se和Si等杂原子。举例而言,在本申请中,联苯基、三联苯基等为芳基。芳基的实例可以包括但不限于,苯基、萘基、芴基、蒽基、菲基、联苯基、三联苯基、苯并[9,10]菲基、芘基、苯并荧蒽基、基等。本申请中,涉及的亚芳基是指芳基进一步失去一个氢原子所形成的二价基团。
本申请中,取代的芳基可以是芳基中的一个或者两个以上氢原子被诸如氘原子、卤素基团、-CN、芳基、杂芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、环烷基、卤代烷基等基团取代。杂芳基取代的芳基的具体实例包括但不限于,二苯并呋喃基取代的苯基、二苯并噻吩基取代的苯基、吡啶基取代的苯基等。应当理解地是,取代的芳基的碳原子数,指的是芳基和芳基上的取代基的碳原子总数,例如碳原子数为18的取代的芳基,指的是芳基和取代基的总碳原子数为18。
本申请中,杂芳基是指环中包含至少一个杂原子的一价芳香环或其衍生物,杂原子可以是B、O、N、P、Si、Se和S中的至少一种。杂芳基可以是单环杂芳基或多环杂芳基,换言之,杂芳基可以是单个芳香环体系,也可以是通过碳碳键共轭连接的多个芳香环体系,且任一芳香环体系为一个芳香单环或者一个芳香稠环。示例地,杂芳基可以包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、联吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、吖啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、吩噁嗪基、酞嗪基、吡啶并嘧啶基、吡啶并吡嗪基、吡嗪并吡嗪基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并咔唑基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、噻吩并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、菲咯啉基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基、苯并噻唑基、吩噻嗪基、硅芴基、二苯并呋喃基以及N-苯基咔唑基、N-吡啶基咔唑基、N-甲基咔唑基等,而不限于此。其中,噻吩基、呋喃基、菲咯啉基等为单个芳香环体系类型的杂芳基,N-苯基咔唑基、N-吡啶基咔唑基为通过碳碳键共轭连接的多环体系类型的杂芳基。本申请中,涉及的亚杂芳基是指杂芳基进一步失去一个氢原子所形成的二价基团。
本申请中,取代的杂芳基可以是杂芳基中的一个或者两个以上氢原子被诸如氘原子、卤素基团、-CN、芳基、杂芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、环烷基、卤代烷基等基团取代。芳基取代的杂芳基的具体实例包括但不限于,苯基取代的二苯并呋喃基、苯基取代的二苯并噻吩基、苯基取代的吡啶基等。应当理解地是,取代的杂芳基的碳原子数,指的是杂芳基和杂芳基上的取代基的碳原子总数。
本申请中,作为取代基的芳基的碳原子数可以为6~20,例如碳原子数可以为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20,作为取代基的芳基的具体实例包括但不限于,苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、基、芴基。
本申请中,作为取代基的杂芳基的碳原子数可以为3~20,例如碳原子数可以为3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20,作为取代基的杂芳基的具体实例包括但不限于,吡啶基、嘧啶基、咔唑基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、异喹啉基。
本申请中,碳原子数为1~10的烷基可以包括碳原子数1至10的直链烷基和碳原子数3至10的支链烷基。烷基的碳原子数例如可以为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10,烷基的具体实例包括但不限于,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、3,7-二甲基辛基等。
本申请中,卤素基团例如可以为氟、氯、溴、碘。
本申请中,三烷基硅基的具体实例包括但不限于,三甲基硅基、三乙基硅基等。
本申请中,卤代烷基的具体实例包括但不限于,三氟甲基。
本申请中,不定位连接键涉及的是从环体系中伸出的单键其表示该连接键的一端可以连接该键所贯穿的环体系中的任意位置,另一端连接化合物分子其余部分。举例而言,如下式(f)中所示地,式(f)所表示的萘基通过两个贯穿双环的不定位连接键与分子其他位置连接,其所表示的含义,包括如式(f-1)~式(f-10)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
再比如,下式(X’)中所示的,式(X’)所表示的菲基通过一个从一侧苯环中间伸出的不定位连接键与分子其他位置连接,其所表示的含义,包括如式(X’-1)~式(X’-4)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
本申请中的不定位取代基,指的是通过一个从环体系中央伸出的单键连接的取代基,其表示该取代基可以连接在该环体系中的任何可能位置。例如,下式(Y)中所示的,式(Y)所表示的取代基R基通过一个不定位连接键与喹啉环连接,其所表示的含义,包括如式(Y-1)~式(Y-7)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
在一些实施方式中,Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自碳原子数为6~33的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为5~20的取代或未取代的杂芳基。例如,Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自碳原子数为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、33的取代或未取代的芳基,碳原子数为5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20的取代或未取代的杂芳基。
可选地,Ar1和Ar2中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、碳原子数为1~5的烷基、碳原子数为1~5的卤代烷基、碳原子数为6~12的芳基、碳原子数为5~12的杂芳基;任选地,Ar1和Ar2中的任意两个相邻的取代基形成取代或未取代的5~13元环,该环中的取代基独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、三苯基硅基、三氟甲基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基。
可选地,Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的菲基、取代或未取代的三亚苯基。
可选地,Ar1和Ar2中的取代基选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、三氟甲基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、咔唑基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基;任选地,Ar1和Ar2中的任意两个相邻的取代基形成环戊烷、环己烷、芴环、或叔丁基取代的芴环。
可选地,Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的基团W,其中未取代的基团W选自以下基团:
其中,取代的基团W中具有一个或两个以上的取代基,取代的基团W中的取代基独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、三氟甲基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、咔唑基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基的取代基所取代而形成的基团,且当基团W上的取代基个数大于1时,各取代基相同或不同。
可选地,Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自以下基团:
进一步可选地,Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自以下基团:
在一种实施方式中,L选自碳原子数为6~12的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为5~12的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。例如,L选自碳原子数为6、7、8、9、10、11、12的取代或未取代的亚芳基,碳原子数为5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。
可选地,L中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、苯基。
可选地,L选自取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基。
可选地,L中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、苯基。
可选地,L1和L2各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6~16的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为5~12的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。例如,L1和L2各自独立地选自单键,碳原子数为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16的取代或未取代的亚芳基,碳原子数为5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。
可选地,L1和L2中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、苯基。
可选地,L1和L2各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基、取代或未取代的亚咔唑基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的亚芴基。
可选地,L1和L2中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、苯基。
可选地,L选自以下基团;L1和L2各自独立地选自单键或以下基团:
进一步可选地,L选自以下基团;L1和L2各自独立地选自单键或以下基团::
在一种实施方式中,R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基;任选地,R1和R2与他们共同的原子形成环戊烷、环己烷、芴环、降冰片、金刚烷;任选地,任选地,R3和R4与他们共同的原子形成环戊烷、环己烷、芴环、降冰片、金刚烷;
可选地,所述有机化合物选自以下化合物所组成的组:
第二方面,本申请提供一种电子元件,包括相对设置的阳极和阴极,以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层;所述功能层包含本申请的有机化合物。
可选地,所述功能层包括空穴传输层,所述空穴传输层包含所述有机化合物
进一步可选地,所述空穴传输层包括第一空穴传输层和第二空穴传输层,相对于所述第二空穴传输层,所述第一空穴传输层更靠近所述阳极,其中,所述第二空穴传输层包含本申请的有机化合物。
在一种实施方式中,电子元件可以为有机电致发光器件。如图1所示,有机电致发光器件可以包括依次层叠设置的阳极100、空穴注入层310、第一空穴传输层321、第二空穴传输层322、有机发光层330、电子传输层340、电子注入层350和阴极200。
可选地,阳极100包括以下阳极材料,其优选地是有助于空穴注入至功能层中的具有大逸出功(功函数,work function)材料。阳极材料具体实例包括:金属如镍、铂、钒、铬、铜、锌和金或它们的合金;金属氧化物如氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化铟锡(ITO)和氧化铟锌(IZO);组合的金属和氧化物如ZnO∶Al或SnO2∶Sb;或导电聚合物如聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚[3,4-(亚乙基-1,2-二氧基)噻吩](PEDT)、聚吡咯和聚苯胺,但不限于此。优选包括包含氧化铟锡(铟锡氧化物,indium tin oxide)(ITO)作为阳极的透明电极。
可选地,第一空穴传输层321包括一种或者多种空穴传输材料,空穴传输材料可以选自咔唑多聚体、咔唑连接三芳胺类化合物或者其他类型的化合物,本申请对此不做特殊的限定。例如,第一空穴传输层321可以由化合物NPB组成,第二空穴传输层322可以含有本申请的化合物。
可选地,有机发光层330可以由单一发光层材料组成,也可以包括主体材料和掺杂材料。可选地,有机发光层330由主体材料和掺杂材料组成,注入有机发光层330的空穴和注入有机发光层330的电子可以在有机发光层330复合而形成激子,激子将能量传递给主体材料,主体材料将能量传递给掺杂材料,进而使得掺杂材料能够发光。
有机发光层330的主体材料可以为金属螯合类化合物、双苯乙烯基衍生物、芳香族胺衍生物、二苯并呋喃衍生物或者其他类型的材料,本申请对此不做特殊的限制。在本申请的一种实施方式中,有机发光层330的主体材料可以为CBP。
有机发光层330的掺杂材料可以为具有缩合芳基环的化合物或其衍生物、具有杂芳基环的化合物或其衍生物、芳香族胺衍生物或者其他材料,本申请对此不做特殊的限制。在本申请的一种实施方式中,有机发光层330的掺杂材料可以为Ir(piq)2(acac)。
电子传输层340可以为单层结构,也可以为多层结构,其可以包括一种或者多种电子传输材料,电子传输材料可以选自但不限于,TPBi、LiQ、苯并咪唑衍生物、噁二唑衍生物、喹喔啉衍生物或者其他电子传输材料。在本申请的一种实施方式中,电子传输层340可以由ET-06和LiQ组成。
本申请中,阴极200可以包括阴极材料,其是有助于电子注入材料至功能层中的具有小逸出功的材料。阴极材料的具体实例包括但不限于,金属如镁、钙、钠、钾、钛、铟、钇、锂、钆、铝、银、锡和铅或它们的合金;或多层材料如LiF/Al、Liq/Al、LiO2/Al、LiF/Ca、LiF/Al和BaF2/Ca。优选包括包含镁和银的金属电极作为阴极。
可选地,如图1所示,在阳极100和空穴传输层321之间还可以设置有空穴注入层310,以增强向空穴传输层321注入空穴的能力。空穴注入层310可以选用联苯胺衍生物、星爆状芳基胺类化合物、酞菁衍生物或者其他材料,本申请对此不做特殊的限制。例如,空穴注入层310可以由F4-TCNQ组成。
可选地,如图1所示,在阴极200和电子传输层340之间还可以设置有电子注入层350,以增强向电子传输层340注入电子的能力。电子注入层350可以包括有碱金属硫化物、碱金属卤化物等无机材料,或者可以包括碱金属与有机物的络合物。例如,电子注入层350可以包括Yb。
按照另一种实施方式,电子元件可以为光电转化器件。如图3所示,该光电转化器件可以包括相对设置的阳极100和阴极200,以及设于阳极100和阴极200之间的功能层300;功能层300包含本申请所提供的有机化合物。
按照一种具体的实施方式,如图3所示,光电转化器件可包括依次层叠设置的阳极100、空穴传输层320、光电转化层360、电子传输层340和阴极200。
可选地,光电转化器件可以为太阳能电池,尤其是可以为有机薄膜太阳能电池。举例而言,在本申请的一种实施方式中,太阳能电池可以包括依次层叠设置的阳极、空穴传输层、有机发光层、电子传输层和阴极,其中,空穴传输层包含有本申请的有机化合物。
可选地,功能层300包括第二空穴传输层,第二空穴传输层可以包含本申请所提供的有机化合物。将本发明的化合物用于器件中的第二空穴传输层,可以保证器件具有较高的空穴迁移率,并且能够有效的阻挡电子、激子进入到空穴传输层中,从而使得器件具有较高的效率和良好的使用寿命。
本申请第三方面提供一种电子装置,包括本申请第二方面提供的电子元件。
按照一种实施方式,如图2所示,所述电子装置为第一电子装置400,该第一电子装置400包括上述有机电致发光器件。第一电子装置400例如可以为显示装置、照明装置、光通讯装置或者其他类型的电子装置,例如可以包括但不限于电脑屏幕、手机屏幕、电视机、电子纸、应急照明灯、光模块等。
按照另一种实施方式,如图4所示,所述电子装置为第二电子装置500,第二电子装置500包括上述光电转化器件。第二电子装置500例如可以为太阳能发电设备、光检测器、指纹识别设备、光模块、CCD相机或则其他类型的电子装置。
下面结合合成实施例来具体说明本申请的有机化合物的合成方法,但是本公开并不因此而受到任何限制。
本申请中未提到的合成方法的化合物的都是通过商业途径获得的原料产品。
合成例
1、中间体IMA-1的合成
向500mL的三口烧瓶中投入咔唑(20g,120mmol)、溶于500mL邻二氯苯中的1-溴-2-氯苯(22.9g,120mmol),然后添加碳酸钾(49.6g,360mmol)、0.7g铜粉、0.2g的18冠醚-6,在氮气氛围下,加热回流过夜。冷却到室温后,加入300mL蒸馏水,分离出有机层。将有机层水洗三遍,用无水硫酸镁干燥后,旋蒸浓缩。柱层析分离纯化,洗脱剂为正庚烷∶二氯甲烷(v/v)=19∶1,得到IMA-1(16g,收率49%)。
参照IMA-1的方法合成表1中所列的IMA-x,不同之处在于,使用原料1代替1-溴-2-氯苯,其中,使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表1所示。
表1
2、中间体IM B-1的合成
向250mL的三口烧瓶中投入IMA-1(16g,57.6mmol)、二苯并呋喃-2-硼酸(18.3g,86.4mmol),溶于100mL甲苯中,再加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.33g,0.29mmol)、K2CO3(15.9g,115mmol)、50mL乙醇、25mL水。在氮气氛围下,加热回流过夜。冷却到室温后,水洗三遍,再用100mL甲苯萃取水相,合并有机相,用无水硫酸镁干燥后,旋蒸浓缩。将获得的固体用乙醇重结晶,得到IM B-1(14.9g,收率63.1%)。
参照IM B-1的方法合成表2所示的中间体,不同之处在于,使用IMA-X代替IMA-1,使用原料2代替二苯并呋喃-2-硼酸,其中使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表2所示。
表2
3、中间体IM C-1的合成
在干燥得250ml三口瓶中,将IM B-1(14.9g,36.4mmo)溶于120mL干燥的THF中,然后冷却至-78℃,滴加n-BuLi(16mL,2.5M,40mmol),反应3h后。在-78℃,滴加碘单质(9.7g,38.2mmol)溶于20mL的THF溶液,保温30min后,升至室温过夜反应。用50mL水猝灭反应,200mL二氯甲烷萃取。无水硫酸镁干燥有机相,过滤,减压浓缩。柱层析分离纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷∶正庚烷(v/v)=1∶9,得到IM C-1(8.2g,收率42.3%)。
参照IM C-1的方法合成表3所列的IM C-X,不同之处在于,使用IM B-X代替IM B-1,其中,使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表3所示。
表3
4、中间体IM D-1的合成
向250mL的三口烧瓶中投入IMC-1(10g,18.7mmol)、4-氯苯硼酸(4.4g,28mmol)、80mL的甲苯,再加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.11g,0.09mmol)、K2CO3(5.2g,37.4mmol)、40mL的乙醇、20mL的水。在氮气氛围下,加热回流过夜。冷却到室温后,水洗三遍,100mL的甲苯萃取水相,合并有机相,用无水硫酸镁干燥后,减压浓缩。将获得的固体用乙醇重结晶,得到IM D-1(6.3g,收率64.5%)。
参照IM D-1的方法合成表4所列的IM D-X,不同之处在于,使用IM C-X代替IM C-1,使用原料3代替4-氯苯硼酸,其中,使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表4所示。
表4
5、中间体IM E-1的合成
在氮气保护下,将4-氨基联苯(7.6g,45mmol)、4-溴联苯(10g,42.9mmol)、8mL的甲苯投入250mL的三口烧瓶中。升温至70℃,依次加入叔丁醇钠(6.2g,64.4mmol)、X-Phos(0.41g,0.86mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(0.39g,0.43mmol),升温回流反应1h。降至室温,50mL水猝灭反应,将分离的有机相水洗三次,10g无水硫酸镁干燥,静置30min,抽滤,高压浓缩。过柱层析色谱柱得到IM E-1(10.4g,收率75.3%)。
参照IM E-1的方法合成表5所示的中间体IM E-X,不同之处在于使用原料4代替4-溴联苯,使用原料5代替4-氨基联苯,其中,使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表5所示。
表5
6、化合物3的合成
在氮气保护下,将IM D-1(5g,9.6mmol)、IM E-1(3.1g,9.6mmol)、50mL的甲苯投入100mL的三口烧瓶中。升温至70℃,依次加入叔丁醇钠(1.4g,14.4mmol)、S-Phos(0.08g,0.19mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(0.088g,0.096mmol),升温回流反应2h。降至室温,水洗三次,无水硫酸镁干燥静置30min,抽滤,浓缩。过柱层析色谱柱得到化合物3(3.8g,收率49.6%);质谱(m/z)=804.31[M+H]+。
参照化合物3的方法合成表6所示的化合物,不同之处在于,使用IM D-X代替IM D-1,使用IM B-X代替IM E-1,其中,使用的原料、合成的化合物及其收率、质谱如表6所示。
表6
化合物3的核磁数据:
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):7.98-7.92(m,4H),7.66(s,1H),7.57-7.50(m,13H),7.42-7.24(m,15H),7.19-7.15(t,1H),6.72-6.70(d,2H),6.51-6.48(d,4H).
化合物30的核磁数据:
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):8.29-8.27(d,1H),8.02-7.90(m,5H),7.56-7.50(m,10H),7.44-7.15(m,23H),7.03(s,1H),6.77-6.75(d,2H),6.38-6.36(d,2H).
有机电致发光器件制备及评估
实施例1:蓝色有机电致发光器件
通过以下过程制备阳极:将厚度为的ITO基板(康宁制造)切割成40mm×40mm×0.7mm的尺寸,采用光刻工序,将其制备成具有阴极、阳极以及绝缘层图案的实验基板,利用紫外臭氧以及O2∶N2等离子进行表面处理,以增加阳极(实验基板)的功函数并清除浮渣。
实施例2~31
除了在形成第二空穴传输层时,以下表8中所示的化合物代替化合物3以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
比较例1~6
除了在形成第二空穴传输层时,以化合物A、化合物B、化合物C、化合物D、化合物E、化合物F替化合物3以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
以上实施例和对比例使用的材料结构如下表7所示:
表7
对如上制得的有机电致发光器件,在20mA/cm2的条件下分析了器件的性能,其结果示于下表8所示:
表8
根据表8的结果可知,作为第二空穴传输层的化合物的实施例1~31与使用已公知的化合物所对应的器件比较例1~6相比,本申请中使用的化合物作发光层制备的上述有机电致发光器件的发光效率至少提高了27.74%,寿命至少提高了18.24%。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,上述各实施方式是实现本发明的具体实施例,而在实际应用中,可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变,而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种有机化合物,其特征在于,所述有机化合物具有如化学式Ⅰ表示的结构:
其中,X选自O、S、C(R1R2);
Ar1和Ar2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的菲基;
Ar1和Ar2中的取代基选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、三氟甲基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基;任选地,Ar1和Ar2中的任意两个相邻的取代基形成芴环;
L选自取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基;
L中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基;
L1和L2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基;
L1和L2中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、苯基;
R1和R2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自碳原子数为1~5的烷基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其中,R1和R2各自独立地选自甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基。
6.一种电子元件,包括相对设置的阳极和阴极,以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层;其中,所述功能层包含权利要求1~5中任一项所述的有机化合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电子元件,其中,所述功能层包括空穴传输层,所述空穴传输层包含所述有机化合物;
所述电子元件为有机电致发光器件或光电转换器件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电子元件,其中,所述电子元件为有机电致发光器件,所述空穴传输层包括第一空穴传输层和第二空穴传输层,所述第一空穴传输层相对所述第二空穴传输层更靠近所述阳极,其中,所述第二空穴传输层包含所述的有机化合物。
9.一种电子装置,包括权利要求6~8中任一项所述的电子元件。
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