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CN113880087A - Method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon from waste disposable medical mask - Google Patents

Method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon from waste disposable medical mask Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113880087A
CN113880087A CN202111317859.1A CN202111317859A CN113880087A CN 113880087 A CN113880087 A CN 113880087A CN 202111317859 A CN202111317859 A CN 202111317859A CN 113880087 A CN113880087 A CN 113880087A
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China
Prior art keywords
disposable medical
mesoporous carbon
medical mask
waste disposable
mask
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Pending
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CN202111317859.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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刘秉国
宇文超
张利波
郭胜惠
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202111317859.1A priority Critical patent/CN113880087A/en
Publication of CN113880087A publication Critical patent/CN113880087A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • C01B32/312Preparation
    • C01B32/318Preparation characterised by the starting materials
    • C01B32/324Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • C01B32/312Preparation
    • C01B32/342Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon by using a waste disposable medical mask, and belongs to the technical field of resource recycling. Crushing the waste disposable medical mask to obtain waste disposable medical mask fragments, adding the waste disposable medical mask fragments into concentrated sulfuric acid containing an additive, reacting in a microwave field for 5-30 min, and washing and drying to obtain multi-element doped waste disposable mask powder; putting the multi-element doped waste disposable mask powder into protective gas with low flow velocity to be pyrolyzed to obtain mesoporous carbon. The invention realizes the conversion from the waste disposable medical mask to the functional mesoporous carbon by a microwave solvothermal method and a low-flow-rate self-activation pyrolysis method, can avoid the use of alkali or other activated metal salts, obtains the mesoporous carbon with high specific surface area, realizes the recycling of the waste disposable medical mask, and has obvious industrial prospect.

Description

Method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon from waste disposable medical mask
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon by using a waste disposable medical mask, and belongs to the technical field of resource recycling.
Background
Since the outbreak of new coronavirus, personal protective articles made of non-biodegradable petroleum-based polymers, such as disposable medical masks, have significantly inhibited the spread of epidemic situations. An independent prediction based on the geography of the country, allThe ball consumes nearly 1290 million disposable medical masks per month, and in asia alone, 18 million disposable medical masks are discarded daily. Disposable medical masks that are improperly stored and discarded are easily carried into the ocean and soil by wind and rain. One study showed that a disposable medical mask that was discarded released approximately 173000 microfibrils into the ocean each day, which are readily ingested and absorbed by organisms and eventually inevitably enter the human food chain. In addition, disposable medical masks exposed to air are also very susceptible to UV radiation, produce micro-plastics and form aerosols that significantly affect the earth's climate by absorbing and scattering radiation, especially since the concentration of micro-plastic particles (MP) is already high at 5650MP m in some locations-3With the increase of the number of disposable medical masks discarded in the environment, many extreme climates may be caused in the future. Unfortunately, the disposable medical masks produced at present are disposable plastic protective devices, have potential virus infection risks, and become a new type of dangerous solid waste. Therefore, the disposable medical mask which is reasonably disposed of is beneficial to the health of human beings and can relieve the environmental pressure.
Currently, most discarded disposable medical masks cannot be recycled or chemically upgraded, even if discarded in the correct manner. They are either sent to landfills or incinerators, which easily lead to the production of toxic secondary pollutants. In this case, chemical heat treatment provides another reliable method for discarding disposable medical masks. It can not only kill potential viruses, but also convert them into valuable materials. Thermal cracking is one of the most common chemical heat treatment recycling processes for waste plastics. The polyolefin accounts for a large proportion in the waste disposable medical mask, and the carbon content of the polyolefin is as high as 85.7 percent. However, thermal cracking of polyolefins is generally of the random cracking type, in which the breaking of chemical bonds is a random production of a certain amount of low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Although thermal cracking of disposable medical masks in the presence of a suitable catalyst produces chain lengths and structures of low molecular weight compounds, such as CO and H, that are limited to specific ranges2. However, obtainThe obtained product has complicated components and wide distribution. Therefore, the preparation of carbon materials with high added value by using the waste disposable medical masks as carbon sources is also a potential recycling way.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon by using a waste disposable medical mask, aiming at the problems that the consumption of the existing disposable medical mask is large, and the waste disposable medical mask causes serious burden to the environment.
A method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon by using a waste disposable medical mask comprises the following specific steps:
(1) crushing the waste disposable medical mask, adding the crushed waste disposable medical mask into concentrated sulfuric acid containing an additive, reacting for 5-30 min under the microwave condition, and washing and drying to obtain multi-element doped waste disposable mask powder; wherein the additive is one or more of organic matter, inorganic matter, metal salt, etc.;
(2) putting the multi-element doped waste disposable mask powder into protective gas with low flow velocity to carry out pyrolysis to obtain a mesoporous carbon material;
the solid-liquid ratio g: mL of the waste disposable mask fragments to concentrated sulfuric acid in the step (1) is 1: 10-50, the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, and the microwave power is 100-;
the additive in the step (1) is one or more of organic substances, inorganic substances and metal salts such as urea, thiourea, dibenzyl disulfide, p-toluenesulfonic acid, sodium phosphate, boric acid and the like;
the mass ratio of the additive to the waste disposable mask fragments is 0-10: 1;
the protective atmosphere in the step (2) is nitrogen or argon, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 1-100 ccm;
the pyrolysis temperature is 700-1200 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 60-180 min;
the concentrated sulfuric acid is commercially available concentrated sulfuric acid.
The principle of preparing functional mesoporous carbon by using the abandoned disposable medical mask is as follows: the content of polypropylene in the waste disposable mask is close to 80 percent, while the carbon content of the polypropylene is over 85.7 percent, but the melting temperature of the polyolefin is low, and almost no carbon residue or semicoke can be generated after pyrolysis; before carbonization, stabilization processes such as oxidation and sulfonation are required to improve carbonization efficiency, based on stronger dehydration property of concentrated sulfuric acid and solubility to organic tissues, inorganic oxides, alloys and the like, the concentrated sulfuric acid is adopted to completely destroy organic compounds, has high dielectric constant and can quickly absorb microwave energy, a microwave solvent (concentrated sulfuric acid) thermal method is adopted to quickly and efficiently convert a waste disposable medical mask into a sulfur-oxygen co-doped carbon material precursor, and in the process of the microwave solvothermal method, additives are added to serve as a sulfur source, a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source and a boron source to achieve the purpose of multi-element doping; in the pyrolysis annealing process, active substances are kept in a pyrolysis system by controlling the flow rate of gas, so that the purposes of activation and etching are achieved, and the preparation of the carbon material with high specific surface area is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides basic conditions for the conversion from the waste disposable medical mask to the functional mesoporous carbon precursor by a microwave solvothermal method, and realizes the doping of multiple elements in mesoporous carbon by the regulation and control of additives;
(2) the method realizes the preparation of the mesoporous carbon with high specific surface area by a low-flow-rate self-activation carbonization method, can avoid the use of alkali or other activated metal salts, obtains the mesoporous carbon with high specific surface area, has simple requirements on equipment, and is easy to realize a continuous and large-scale operation mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of the mesoporous carbon recovered in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the mesoporous carbon recovered in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of BET and pore size distribution (inset) of the mesoporous carbon recovered in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1: a method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon by using a waste disposable medical mask comprises the following specific steps:
(1) crushing the waste disposable medical mask into fragments with the length of 3mm and the width of 2mm, adding the fragments into concentrated sulfuric acid, reacting for 8min under the microwave condition, and washing and drying to obtain sulfur and oxygen co-doped waste disposable mask powder; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio g: mL of the waste disposable mask fragments to concentrated sulfuric acid is 1: 15; the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, and the microwave power is 500W;
(2) putting the sulfur-oxygen co-doped waste disposable mask powder in a protective gas (nitrogen) atmosphere for pyrolysis to obtain sulfur-oxygen co-doped mesoporous carbon, wherein the introduction flow rate of nitrogen is 10ccm, the pyrolysis temperature is 900 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 120 min;
in this example, XRD and SEM of sulfur and oxygen co-doped mesoporous carbon are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, BET and pore size distribution (inset) of S-doped mesoporous carbon are shown in fig. 3, and as can be seen from XRD and SEM (fig. 1 and fig. 2), S-doped mesoporous carbon has no other impurity peaks and exists mainly in the form of sheet or block, and BET and pore size distribution (inset) of S-doped mesoporous carbon is shown in fig. 3, which shows that its specific surface area is 835m2The pore structure is mainly a mesoporous structure.
Example 2: a method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon by using a waste disposable medical mask comprises the following specific steps:
(1) crushing the waste disposable medical mask into waste disposable mask fragments with the length of 1mm and the width of 1mm, adding the waste disposable medical mask fragments into concentrated sulfuric acid containing urea, reacting for 6min under the microwave condition, and washing and drying to obtain sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen co-doped waste disposable mask powder; wherein the solid-liquid ratio g: mL of the waste disposable mask fragments to concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:20, and the mass ratio of the additive (urea) to the waste disposable mask fragments is 1: 2; the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, and the microwave power is 600W;
(2) putting the sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen co-doped waste disposable mask powder in a protective gas (nitrogen) atmosphere for pyrolysis to obtain sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen co-doped mesoporous carbon, wherein the introduction flow rate of the nitrogen is 20ccm, the pyrolysis temperature is 800 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 180 min;
the sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen co-doped mesoporous carbon has no other impurity peaks, mainly exists in a flaky form, and has a specific surface area of 737m2The pore structure is mainly the mesoporous structure.
Example 3: a method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon by using a waste disposable medical mask comprises the following specific steps:
(1) crushing the waste disposable medical mask into waste disposable mask fragments with the length of 2mm and the width of 1mm, adding the waste disposable medical mask fragments into concentrated sulfuric acid containing an additive (thiourea), reacting for 5min under the microwave condition, and washing and drying to obtain sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen co-doped waste disposable mask powder; wherein the solid-liquid ratio g: mL of the waste disposable mask fragments to concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:30, and the mass ratio of the additive (thiourea) to the waste disposable mask fragments is 1: 2; the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, and the microwave power is 800W;
(2) putting the sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen co-doped waste disposable mask powder in a protective gas (nitrogen) atmosphere for pyrolysis to obtain sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen co-doped mesoporous carbon, wherein the introduction flow rate of the nitrogen is 5ccm, the pyrolysis temperature is 1000 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 90 min;
the sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen co-doped mesoporous carbon has no other impurity peaks, mainly exists in a sheet form, and has a specific surface area of 786m2The pore structure is mainly the mesoporous structure.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon by using a waste disposable medical mask is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) crushing the waste disposable medical mask, adding the crushed waste disposable medical mask into concentrated sulfuric acid containing an additive, reacting for 5-30 min under the microwave condition, and washing and drying to obtain multi-element doped waste disposable mask powder;
(2) putting the multi-element doped waste disposable mask powder into protective gas with low flow velocity to carry out pyrolysis to obtain the mesoporous carbon material.
2. The method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon from the discarded disposable medical mask according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the solid-to-liquid ratio g: mL of the waste disposable mask fragments to concentrated sulfuric acid in the step (1) is 1: 10-50, the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, and the microwave power is 100-10000W.
3. The method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon from the discarded disposable medical mask according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the additive in the step (1) is one or more of organic substances, inorganic substances and metal salts such as urea, thiourea, dibenzyl disulfide, p-toluenesulfonic acid, sodium phosphate, boric acid and the like;
4. the method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon from the discarded disposable medical mask according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the additive to the waste disposable mask fragments is 0-10: 1.
5. The method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon from the discarded disposable medical mask according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the protective atmosphere in the step (2) is nitrogen or argon, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 1-100 ccm.
6. The method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon from the discarded disposable medical mask according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pyrolysis temperature is 700-1200 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 60-180 min.
CN202111317859.1A 2021-11-09 2021-11-09 Method for preparing functional mesoporous carbon from waste disposable medical mask Pending CN113880087A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115920851A (en) * 2022-11-14 2023-04-07 南京林业大学 Adsorbent prepared from waste mask and lignin and preparation method thereof
CN116492985A (en) * 2023-05-16 2023-07-28 江南大学 Method for preparing activated carbon adsorbent by using waste mask

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112479207A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-03-12 宁波大学 Method for recycling activated carbon, double-electric-layer capacitor comprising activated carbon recycled by method and preparation method of double-electric-layer capacitor

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112479207A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-03-12 宁波大学 Method for recycling activated carbon, double-electric-layer capacitor comprising activated carbon recycled by method and preparation method of double-electric-layer capacitor

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATRICK J. KIM等: ""Toward High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Upcycling of LDPE Plastic into Sulfonated Carbon Scaffold via Microwave-Promoted Sulfonation"", 《ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES》, vol. 10, no. 17, pages 14828 *
XIANG HU等: ""Transforming waste polypropylene face masks into S-doped porous carbon as the cathode electrode for supercapacitors"", 《IONICS》, vol. 27, no. 5, pages 2170 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115920851A (en) * 2022-11-14 2023-04-07 南京林业大学 Adsorbent prepared from waste mask and lignin and preparation method thereof
CN115920851B (en) * 2022-11-14 2024-09-03 南京林业大学 Adsorbent prepared from waste mask and lignin and preparation method thereof
CN116492985A (en) * 2023-05-16 2023-07-28 江南大学 Method for preparing activated carbon adsorbent by using waste mask

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Application publication date: 20220104