CN113875773B - Nanometer preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a nano preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew, which relates to the technical field of prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew, and is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1 per mill-1% (m/v) of loss control regulator, 1 per mill-30% (v/v) of simethicone, 1 per mill-1% (m/v) of gamma-irradiated nano montmorillonite, and the balance of water. The invention also provides a preparation method of the nano preparation. The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the wheat powdery mildew prevention and control effect is enhanced, the incidence rate of wheat powdery mildew can be reduced by more than 99% after wheat is treated, the normal field growth and propagation of the wheat are not influenced, and the safety and stability of the yield and the quality of the wheat are ensured. The invention has the advantages that: the powdery mildew inhibitor is natural, green, environment-friendly and efficient, and can be used for large-area field prevention and control of powdery mildew.

Description

A nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew and its preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew, in particular to a nano-preparation for prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Wheat is the most widely grown food crop in the world, second only to corn in yield, and provides more than 20% of the total energy and protein in the human diet. Wheat powdery mildew is a leaf disease caused by wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici), which is prevalent in warm and humid regions of the world. Wheat powdery mildew is a worldwide disease that seriously affects wheat yield and quality. Powdery mildew damages all organs of wheat aboveground plants, but mainly damages wheat leaves and leaf bundles. When powdery mildew infects wheat, powdery mildew spores cover the surface of wheat leaves, resulting in degradation of wheat chlorophyll, reduction of photosynthetic area, photosynthetic efficiency, and disease. The output loss is 5%-34%.

At present, the occurrence of wheat powdery mildew is mainly controlled by breeding resistant varieties and using chemical fungicides. The expression of pathogenicity-related (PR) proteins is closely related to the improvement of plant disease resistance. Induction of PR gene expression in Arabidopsis, rice and soybean confers resistance to different pathogens. This means that PR genes can be used as candidate genes for wheat resistance improvement. However, due to changes in the physiological species of pathogenic bacteria, the resistance of varieties is easy to lose, and the production varieties generally lose resistance after 3-5 years. Therefore, spraying fungicides is still an effective measure to prevent and control the occurrence of powdery mildew. The control of powdery mildew in my country is mainly based on triadimefon. With the increase of fungicide dosage, the quality of wheat deteriorated, the protein content decreased, the quantity decreased, and the bread volume decreased. The use of fungicides is accompanied by the increase of pesticide residues, which has an impact on environmental safety. Therefore, people are eager to develop a green, efficient and harmless product to prevent and treat powdery mildew in wheat production.

The patent with the publication number CN107371913A discloses a wheat powdery mildew inhibitor and a preparation method thereof. The inhibitor includes a loss control agent, modified silicone oil, nano-selenium, and water; wherein, the loss control agent consists of aminated attapulgite and Micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon is mixed according to the mass ratio (3-5): (1-2), but after the inhibitor treatment, the inhibitory effect of wheat powdery mildew still needs to be improved.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the inhibitory effect of wheat powdery mildew in the prior art still needs to be improved, and a nano-isolation film for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew and a preparation method thereof are provided.

The present invention realizes solving above-mentioned technical problem by following technical means:

A nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew. The nano-preparation is mainly made of the following percentages of raw materials: loss of control agent 1‰-1% (m/v), simethicone 1‰-30% (v /v), 1‰-1% (m/v) of nano-montmorillonite after γ-irradiation, and the balance is water;

The preparation method of the disorder control agent comprises the following steps:

(1) Using oxygen and ammonia as gas sources, using a plasma with a temperature of 500-1000°C and a power of 1-3KW to perform intermittent irradiation treatment on 100-1500 mesh adsorption grade attapulgite powder under vacuum conditions, Treat for 1-20 minutes, stop for 1-20 minutes, and the total effective irradiation time reaches 60-120 minutes to prepare aminated attapulgite;

(2) Under anaerobic conditions protected by nitrogen, use a muffle furnace to pyrolyze rice straw at 500-800°C for 50-100 minutes to obtain micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon;

(3) Aminated attapulgite and micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 3-5:1-2 to obtain the disorder control agent.

Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention can enhance the effect of preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew. After spraying, the incidence of powdery mildew can be reduced by more than 99%, while the cost is reduced to half, and it is more friendly to the environment.

In the present invention, the material of simethicone and nano-montmorillonite is sprayed on wheat leaves to form an isolation film on the surface of wheat leaves, and the uniformity and performance of the isolation film can be improved after adding γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite. Persistence, improve the effect of nano-isolation film, effectively block the recognition of wheat powdery mildew fungal spores and wheat surface waxy layer, inhibit the spore germination process of wheat powdery mildew, can effectively prevent wheat powdery mildew, and ensure food security.

When the percentage of each raw material is lower than the above range, there is no significant control effect. When the percentage of each raw material exceeds the above range, the control effect will not increase, but the control cost will be increased, and the use of too high a concentration will cause the leaves to Yellowing affects the normal growth of wheat.

The quality of montmorillonite will not change significantly after γ-irradiation, but after γ-ray irradiation, the interlamellar space of montmorillonite is changed, which enhances the bactericidal effect of montmorillonite. Dimethicone and γ-ray irradiation The latter nano-montmorillonite has a synergistic effect, which can reduce the combined infection of powdery mildew bacteria on the leaves. The loss control agent has the effect of controlling loss, improving the action time of the nano-isolation film, and enhancing the control effect on powdery mildew.

Preferably, the volume ratio of oxygen and ammonia is 1:1-5.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew comprises the following steps:

(1) irradiating the nano-montmorillonite with a high-energy electron beam accelerator with a dose of 10-400kGy for 1-24h to obtain the nano-montmorillonite after gamma irradiation;

(2) The loss control agent, simethicone oil, γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite, and water are shaken and mixed to obtain a nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew.

Beneficial effects: the preparation method of the nano-preparation in the present invention is simple, convenient, green and safe, and can be operated on a large scale, and the cost is low. Compared with the prior art, the prepared nano-preparation has an enhanced effect of preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew, and the cost is reduced to half, and more environmentally friendly.

Preferably, in the step (2), the loss control agent is first mixed with water to prepare a nano-suspension, and then the nano-suspension is mixed with dimethyl silicone oil and γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite.

Preferably, in the step (2), the vibration treatment is carried out at 400-6000 rpm for 5-60 min.

Preferably, the nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew is sprayed on wheat leaves to form a nano-isolation film.

The advantages of the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the present invention has enhanced effects of preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew, can reduce the incidence of powdery mildew by more than 99% after spraying, reduces the cost to half, and is more friendly to the environment.

In the present invention, the material of simethicone and nano-montmorillonite is sprayed on wheat leaves to form an isolation film on the surface of wheat leaves, and the uniformity and performance of the isolation film can be improved after adding γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite. Persistence, improve the effect of nano-isolation film, effectively block the recognition of wheat powdery mildew fungal spores and wheat surface waxy layer, inhibit the spore germination process of wheat powdery mildew, can effectively prevent wheat powdery mildew, and ensure food security.

When the percentage of each raw material is lower than the above range, there is no significant control effect. When the percentage of each raw material exceeds the above range, the control effect will not increase, but the control cost will be increased, and the use of too high a concentration will cause the leaves to Yellowing affects the normal growth of wheat.

The quality of montmorillonite will not change significantly after γ-irradiation, but after γ-ray irradiation, the interlamellar space of montmorillonite is changed, which enhances the bactericidal effect of montmorillonite. Dimethicone and γ-ray irradiation The latter nano-montmorillonite has a synergistic effect, which can reduce the combined infection of powdery mildew bacteria on the leaves. The loss control agent has the effect of controlling loss, improving the action time of the nano-isolation film, and enhancing the control effect on powdery mildew.

The preparation method of the nano-preparation in the present invention is simple, convenient, green and safe, and can be operated on a large scale, and the cost is low. Compared with the prior art, the prepared nano-preparation has an enhanced effect of preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew, and the cost is reduced to half, and It is more friendly to the environment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the result figure that nano-preparation handles wheat seedling stage blade in comparative example 1 of the present invention and embodiment 1;

Fig. 2 is the germination electron micrograph of the powdery mildew spore on the leaf surface after the nano-preparation is processed in the comparative example 1 of the present invention and embodiment 1 blade of wheat seedling stage;

Fig. 3 is the result figure of the wheat seedling stage leaves treated by nano-preparation in comparative example 1-comparative example 3 and embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the result figure of measuring the disease index of wheat treated with nano-preparation in comparative example 1-comparative example 3 and embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Among the figure: a is comparative example 1, b is comparative example 2, c is comparative example 3, and d is embodiment 1.

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the present invention Examples, not all examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The test materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

Those that do not indicate specific techniques or conditions in the examples can be carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the documents in this field or according to the product instructions.

Example 1

The nano-preparation for the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew is composed of the following percentages of raw materials: loss control agent 1‰ (m/v), simethicone 2% (v/v), γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite 1 ‰(m/v), the balance is water.

A method for preparing a nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) Using oxygen and ammonia (oxygen:ammonia (v/v) = 1:5) as the gas source, use plasma (500°C, 2kw) to absorb attapulgite powder (800 mesh, level) intermittent irradiation treatment (treatment 10 minutes, stop 10 minutes), the total effective irradiation time reaches 60 minutes, then amino groups can be connected to the surface of attapulgite rod crystals to obtain aminated attapulgite clay;

(2) Under anaerobic conditions protected by nitrogen, use a muffle furnace to pyrolyze rice straw (800 degrees Celsius) for 50 minutes to obtain micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon;

(3) Aminated attapulgite and micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon are evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain the loss-controlling agent;

(4) irradiating the nano-montmorillonite with a high-energy electron beam accelerator with a dose of 300kGy for 24 hours to obtain the nano-montmorillonite after gamma irradiation;

(5) Fully shake the loss control agent of the above percentage with water (treat at 3000rpm for 10 minutes) and mix to obtain a nano-suspension, then mix the nano-suspension with dimethyl silicone oil and γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite Stone mixing and fully shaking (3000rpm rotating speed under the treatment of 20 minutes) mixing made nano preparations.

Pot Wheat Treatment:

(1) Spray the leaves of potted wheat evenly once with a fine mist, and the dosage is subject to the wetness of the sprayed parts.

(2) Cultivate a large amount of powdery mildew spores (Blumeria graminis f.sp.Tritici) in a laboratory incubator. The original strain is provided by the laboratory of Professor Wang Xiu'e of Nanjing Agricultural University. Two members of TaRLKfamily confer powdery mildew resistance in common wheat .BMC Plant Biology (2016) 16:27), diluted into 1000U/mL powdery mildew spore suspension for the inoculation of field powdery mildew spores.

(3) Spray and inoculate powdery mildew spores (50 L per mu) to the sprayed wheat.

其中i发病级别(0-100％)，Xi为发病级别为i的叶片数，Si为发病级别i的严重程度值，I为发病率。(4) The incidence of the potted wheat was counted 7-15 days after the treatment. (every processing counts fifty blades, disease index DI,

Wherein, the disease level of i (0-100%), Xi is the number of leaves with the disease level i, Si is the severity value of the disease level i, and I is the incidence rate.

According to statistics, this embodiment can reduce the incidence of wheat powdery mildew by more than 99%, effectively reducing the harm caused by powdery mildew to wheat yield and quality.

Example 2

The nano-preparation for the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew is composed of the following percentages of raw materials: loss control agent 1‰ (m/v), simethicone 5% (v/v), γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite 1 ‰(m/v), the balance is water.

A method for preparing a nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) Using oxygen and ammonia (oxygen:ammonia (v/v) = 1:5) as the gas source, use plasma (500°C, 2kw) to absorb attapulgite powder (800 mesh, level) intermittent irradiation treatment (treatment 10 minutes, stop 10 minutes), the total effective irradiation time reaches 60 minutes, then amino groups can be connected to the surface of attapulgite rod crystals to obtain aminated attapulgite clay;

(2) Under anaerobic conditions protected by nitrogen, use a muffle furnace to pyrolyze rice straw (800 degrees Celsius) for 50 minutes to obtain micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon;

(3) Aminated attapulgite and micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon are evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain the loss-controlling agent;

(4) irradiating the nano-montmorillonite with a high-energy electron beam accelerator with a dose of 400kGy for 20h to obtain the nano-montmorillonite after gamma irradiation;

(5) Fully shake the loss control agent and water (10 minutes at 3000rpm) and mix to obtain a nanosuspension, then mix the nanosuspension with dimethyl silicone oil and γ-irradiated nanomontmorillonite and fully Vibrate (treat at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes) and mix to prepare the nano-preparation.

Field wheat green leaf treatment:

(1) Spray the wheat leaves in the field in the green leaf stage evenly once with a fine mist, and the dosage is subject to the wetness of the sprayed parts.

(2) Cultivate a large number of powdery mildew spores in a laboratory incubator, and dilute them into 1000 U/mL powdery mildew spore suspension for inoculation of powdery mildew spores in the field.

(3) The sprayed wheat is sprayed with powdery mildew spores, and the amount of spraying is the same as in Example 1.

(4) The field wheat morbidity is counted 15-45 days after the treatment, and the statistical method is the same as that of Example 1.

According to statistics, this embodiment can reduce the incidence of wheat powdery mildew by more than 99%, effectively reducing the harm caused by powdery mildew to wheat yield and quality.

Example 3

The nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew is composed of the following percentages of raw materials: loss control agent 5‰ (m/v), simethicone 8% (v/v), nano-montmorillonite after gamma irradiation 5 ‰(m/v), the balance is water.

A method for preparing a nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) Using oxygen and ammonia (oxygen:ammonia (v/v) = 1:5) as the gas source, use plasma (500°C, 2kw) to absorb attapulgite powder (800 mesh, level) intermittent irradiation treatment (15 minutes of treatment, 15 minutes of rest), the total effective irradiation time reaches 70 minutes, and then amino groups can be connected to the surface of attapulgite rod crystals to obtain aminated attapulgite clay;

(2) Under anaerobic conditions protected by nitrogen, use a muffle furnace to pyrolyze rice straw (800 degrees Celsius) for 50 minutes to obtain micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon;

(3) Aminated attapulgite and micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon are evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain the loss-controlling agent;

(4) irradiating the nano-montmorillonite with a high-energy electron beam accelerator with a dose of 350kGy for 22 hours to obtain the nano-montmorillonite after gamma irradiation;

(5) The out-of-control agent is fully shaken with water (15 minutes at 3500rpm) and mixed to obtain a nano-suspension, then the nano-suspension is mixed with dimethyl silicone oil and γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite and fully Vibrate (process at 4000rpm for 30 minutes) and mix well to prepare the nano-preparation.

Field wheat green leaf treatment:

(1) Spray the wheat leaves in the field in the green leaf stage evenly once with a fine mist, and the dosage is subject to the wetness of the sprayed parts.

(2) Cultivate a large number of powdery mildew spores in a laboratory incubator, and dilute them into 1000 U/mL powdery mildew spore suspension for inoculation of powdery mildew spores in the field.

(3) The sprayed wheat is sprayed with powdery mildew spores, and the amount of spraying is the same as in Example 1.

(4) The field wheat morbidity is counted 15-45 days after the treatment, and the statistical method is the same as that of Example 1.

According to statistics, this embodiment can reduce the incidence of wheat powdery mildew by more than 99%, effectively reducing the harm caused by powdery mildew to wheat yield and quality.

Example 4

The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew is mainly made of the following percentages of raw materials: loss control agent 1% (m/v), simethicone 15% (v /v), 1% (m/v) of nano-montmorillonite after γ-irradiation, and the balance is water.

Comparative example 1

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew was sprayed.

Comparative example 2

The difference between this comparative example and comparative example 1 is that the nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew only contains γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite 1‰ (m/v) and water.

Comparative example 3

The difference between this comparative example and comparative example 1 is that the nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew only contains 2% (v/v) of simethicone and water.

Fig. 1 is the result figure of wheat seedling stage leaves treated with nano-preparation in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1. The control was not sprayed with nano-isolation film for prevention and control. After seven days, the surface of the leaves was covered with powdery mildew colonies, with obvious plaques and powdery mildew growth exuberant. The wheat in the treatment group was sprayed with nano-isolation film for prevention and control, which effectively blocked the contact germination of powdery mildew spores and the waxy layer of wheat leaves, and significantly inhibited the germination and differentiation of wheat powdery mildew. plaque.

Fig. 2 is the germination electron micrograph of the powdery mildew spores on the leaf surface of the wheat seedling stage leaves treated with nano-preparations in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1. It can be seen that the control group shows that the powdery mildew spores on the wheat leaf surface are abundant and vigorous in germination. The scanning electron micrographs of the treatment group showed that the spores of powdery mildew on the surface of wheat leaves were rare, and their germination and growth were inhibited.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the result graphs and disease index measurement results graphs of wheat seedling leaves treated with nano-preparations in Comparative Example 1-Comparative Example 3 and Example 1, respectively. The disease index of the control group was 95.8; the disease index of the treated nano-montmorillonite after gamma irradiation was 54.33; A reduction of 99.46%. It can be seen that the combination of simethicone and γ-ray-irradiated nano-montmorillonite can reduce the combined infection of powdery mildew bacteria on leaves, and the two have a synergistic effect.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be described in the foregoing embodiments Modifications are made to the recorded technical solutions, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An application of a nano-preparation in the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew, characterized in that: the nano-preparation is mainly made of the following percentages of raw materials: loss of control agent mass volume ratio is 1‰-1%, dimethyl The volume ratio of silicone oil is 1‰-30%, the mass volume ratio of nano-montmorillonite after gamma irradiation is 1‰-1%, and the balance is water; The preparation method of the disorder control agent comprises the following steps: (1) Using oxygen and ammonia as gas sources, use plasma at a temperature of 500-1000°C and a power of 1-3KW to perform intermittent irradiation treatment on 100-1500 mesh adsorption grade attapulgite powder under vacuum conditions, Treat for 1-20 minutes, stop for 1-20 minutes, and the total effective irradiation time reaches 60-120 minutes to prepare aminated attapulgite; (2) Under anaerobic conditions protected by nitrogen, use a muffle furnace to pyrolyze rice straw at 500-800°C for 50-100 minutes to obtain micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon; (3) Aminated attapulgite and micro-nano bio-silicon/carbon are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 3-5:1-2 to obtain the disorder control agent. 2. the application of nano preparation according to claim 1 in the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew, is characterized in that: the volume ratio of described oxygen and ammonia is 1: 1-5. 3. The application of the nano-preparation according to claim 1 in the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the aminated attapulgite to micro-nano biological silicon/carbon is 3:1. 4. according to the application of the nano-preparation described in any one of claim 1-3 in the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described nano-preparation comprises the following steps: (1) Irradiating nano-montmorillonite with a high-energy electron beam accelerator with a dose of 10-400 kGy for 1-24 hours to obtain nano-montmorillonite after γ-irradiation; (2) The loss control agent, simethicone oil, γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite, and water were shaken and mixed to obtain a nano-preparation for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew. 5. The application of the nano-preparation according to claim 4 in the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew, characterized in that: in the step (2), the loss-controlling agent is first mixed with water to prepare a nano-suspension, and then the nano- The suspension was mixed with simethicone and γ-irradiated nano-montmorillonite. 6. The application of the nano-preparation according to claim 4 in the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew, characterized in that: in the step (2), the vibration treatment is carried out at 400-6000 rpm for 5-60 minutes. 7. The application of the nano-preparation according to claim 4 in the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew, characterized in that: the nano-preparation obtained for the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew is sprayed on wheat leaves to form a nano-isolation film.

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