CN113852420A - Adaptive filtering optical power detection circuit and method - Google Patents
Adaptive filtering optical power detection circuit and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113852420A CN113852420A CN202111428228.7A CN202111428228A CN113852420A CN 113852420 A CN113852420 A CN 113852420A CN 202111428228 A CN202111428228 A CN 202111428228A CN 113852420 A CN113852420 A CN 113852420A
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-adaptive filtering optical power detection circuit and a self-adaptive filtering optical power detection method. The processor realizes self-adaptive filtering by combining hardware filtering and software filtering, and automatically follows the frequency of incident light, automatically identifies and filters noise under different systems and different environments. The processor analyzes the signal frequency spectrum by using a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) algorithm, identifies the noise frequency band, automatically filters noise by software filtering, modifies the cut-off frequency of a hardware controllable filtering module by I2C communication according to the extracted fundamental frequency, and automatically follows the fundamental frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photoelectric detection technology, in particular to a self-adaptive filtering optical power detection circuit and a method.
Background
The photoelectric detection technology converts the optical signal into an electrical signal which is easier to process, and further extracts the information of the optical signal for analysis and processing. The photoelectric detection technology is widely applied to a plurality of fields such as laser communication, precision measurement, industrial control, biomedicine, aerospace and the like. For example, in laser communication, due to the influence of the communication distance and the environment, the intensity of the collected optical signal is greatly reduced compared with that of the emitted light, and the output current of the photodiode is very small due to weak input light, so that the photodiode is easily interfered by environmental noise, and great difficulty is added to optical power detection.
With the progress of novel material technology and processing technology, the development of photoelectric detection devices is rapidly developed. In a photodetection system, a photodiode is responsible for converting an optical signal into an electrical signal, and the requirements for the photodiode are mainly as follows:
1. enough responsivity and capability of outputting the photocurrent as much as possible;
2. sufficiently fast response speed and bandwidth;
3. the good linearity ensures the accuracy of photoelectric conversion;
4. as low noise as possible;
5. smaller volume, sufficient life, etc.
The photodiodes currently used for photodetection are mainly classified into PIN type and APD avalanche photodiodes. The avalanche photodiode has high sensitivity and high response speed, but requires a high driving voltage, has high noise, and is easy to distort. The PIN photodiode has high response frequency, stable work, low sensitivity to temperature and low power supply voltage, so the InGaAs PIN photodiode is selected in the design. Errors are caused by leakage current of the photodiode, bias current of the amplifier, bias voltage and the like, and the acquisition precision of signals is reduced. Environmental factors and inherent characteristics of the photodiode are easy to introduce noise, the noise is amplified by the amplification module, the signal to noise ratio of the signal is seriously reduced, the difficulty of photoelectric detection is greatly improved, and extremely high requirements are placed on the sensitivity, the precision and the environmental adaptability of a detection circuit. The performance of the detection circuit and the amplification circuit of the photoelectric signal has an important influence on the performance of the whole system.
Disclosure of Invention
On the basis of the prior art, the invention introduces a hardware controllable filtering module and a software self-adaptive filtering algorithm, realizes self-adaptive filtering in a mode of combining hardware filtering and software filtering, and provides a self-adaptive filtering optical power detection circuit and a method, which effectively inhibit noise, improve photoelectric detection precision and improve the environmental adaptability of the detection circuit under different systems and different environments.
A self-adaptive filtering optical power detection circuit comprises a primary photodiode trans-impedance amplification module, a secondary precision amplification module, a hardware controllable filtering module, an analog-to-digital conversion module and a processor module;
the second-stage precise amplification module is connected with the output end of the first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module, the hardware controllable filtering module is connected with the output end of the second-stage precise amplification module, the analog-to-digital conversion module is connected with the output end of the hardware controllable filtering module, and the processor module is connected with the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion module.
Preferably, the first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module comprises a photodiode, a transimpedance amplifier, a first resistor, a first compensation capacitor and a second resistor;
the cathode of the photodiode is connected with a power supply voltage, the anode of the photodiode is connected with the reverse input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the forward input end of the transimpedance amplifier is grounded; one end of the first resistor is connected with the reverse input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the other end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier; one end of the first compensation capacitor is connected with the reverse input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the other end of the first compensation capacitor is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier; one end of the second resistor is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the other end of the second resistor is used as the output end of the first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module.
Preferably, the two-stage precise amplification module comprises a third resistor, a precise operational amplifier, a fourth resistor and a second compensation capacitor;
one end of the third resistor is used as the input of the second-stage precise amplification module, and the other end of the third resistor is connected with the reverse input end of the precise operational amplifier; the positive input end of the precision operational amplifier is grounded; one end of the fourth resistor is connected with the reverse input end of the precision operational amplifier, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the output end of the precision operational amplifier; one end of the second compensation capacitor is connected with the reverse input end of the precision operational amplifier, and the other end of the second compensation capacitor is connected with the output end of the precision operational amplifier.
Preferably, the hardware controllable filtering module comprises a low-pass filtering module, a high-pass filtering module and an I2C communication module;
the input of the low-pass filtering module is used as the input of the hardware controllable filtering module, and the output of the low-pass filtering module is connected with the input of the high-pass filtering module; and the output of the high-pass filtering module is used as the output of the hardware controllable filtering module.
Preferably, the low-pass filtering module comprises a low-pass filter, a first digital potentiometer, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor;
one end of the sixth resistor is used as the input of the low-pass filter module, and the other end of the sixth resistor is connected with the input of the low-pass filter; the output of the low-pass filter is used as the output of the low-pass filtering module; one end of the seventh resistor is connected with the input of the low-pass filter, and the other end of the seventh resistor is grounded; the W end of the first digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 1 end of the low-pass filter, and the L end of the first digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 2 end of the low-pass filter; one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the address end of the first digital potentiometer, and the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded.
Preferably, the high-pass filtering module comprises a high-pass filter, a second digital potentiometer, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor and a tenth resistor;
one end of the ninth resistor is used as the input of the high-pass filter module, and the other end of the ninth resistor is connected with the input of the high-pass filter; the output of the high-pass filter is used as the output of the high-pass filtering module; one end of the tenth resistor is connected with the input of the high-pass filter, and the other end of the tenth resistor is grounded; the W end of the second digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 1 end of the high-pass filter, and the L end of the second digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 2 end of the high-pass filter; one end of the eighth resistor is connected with the address end of the second digital potentiometer, and the other end of the eighth resistor is connected with a power supply.
The invention also provides a detection method of the self-adaptive filtering optical power detection circuit, which specifically comprises the following steps: the processor module analyzes a signal frequency spectrum by utilizing a DFT algorithm, extracts fundamental wave frequency and a noise frequency band and automatically filters noise; the cutoff frequency of the hardware controllable filter module is modified by I2C communication based on the extracted fundamental frequency.
The invention designs a two-stage precise amplifying circuit, introduces a hardware controllable filtering module and a software self-adaptive filtering algorithm, adopts a control mode of combining a digital circuit and an analog circuit, realizes the automatic adjustment of the cutoff frequency of the hardware band-pass filtering according to the frequency change of incident light, realizes the automatic identification and filtering of noise frequency bands, effectively inhibits noise under different systems and different environments, improves the photoelectric detection precision and improves the environmental adaptability of the detection circuit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the first stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the two-stage fine amplification module;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the hardware controllable filtering module;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the low pass filtering module;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the high pass filtering module;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of the adaptive filtering scheme.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a self-adaptive filtering optical power detection circuit specifically includes a first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module, a second-stage precise amplification module, a hardware controllable filtering module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, and a processor module.
The second-stage precise amplification module is connected with the output end of the first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module, the hardware controllable filtering module is connected with the output end of the second-stage precise amplification module, the analog-to-digital conversion module is connected with the output end of the hardware controllable filtering module, and the processor module is connected with the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion module.
Specifically, the first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module is used for converting an optical signal into a voltage signal, and as shown in fig. 2, the first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module includes a photodiode, a transimpedance amplifier, a first resistor, a first compensation capacitor, and a second resistor.
The cathode of the photodiode is connected with a power supply voltage, the anode of the photodiode is connected with the reverse input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the forward input end of the transimpedance amplifier is grounded; one end of the first resistor is connected with the reverse input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the other end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier; one end of the first compensation capacitor is connected with the reverse input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the other end of the first compensation capacitor is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier; one end of the second resistor is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the other end of the second resistor is used as the output end of the first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module.
Specifically, the photodiode is an InGaAs PIN photodiode, and after an input optical signal is incident, a photocurrent is generated on the photodiode.
Optionally, the transimpedance amplifier is in the model of OPA657, and is characterized by having low bias current, low offset voltage, low temperature drift coefficient, and high gain bandwidth, thereby ensuring the requirements of acquisition precision and bandwidth. The transimpedance amplifier functions to convert the photocurrent signal into a voltage signal. The first resistor is used as a feedback resistor of the transimpedance amplification module, and the resistance value of the first resistor is in direct proportion to resolution and noise and in direct inverse proportion to signal bandwidth. On the premise of ensuring gain and resolution, the value of the first resistor cannot be too large for effectively reducing noise and improving signal bandwidth. The parasitic capacitance of the photodiode and the first resistor form a zero point on a noise gain curve, so that the slope of the intersection of an open-loop gain curve and the noise gain curve of the operational amplifier is-40 dB/dec, the operational amplifier is unstable, and self-excitation oscillation is easily caused. Therefore, the compensation design needs to be performed by adopting the first feedback capacitor, and a pole is introduced on a noise gain curve, so that the system meets the phase margin and keeps stable. The second resistor is used for matching with the impedance of the later stage.
Specifically, the two-stage precise amplification module is used for amplifying the voltage, and as shown in fig. 3, includes a third resistor, a precise operational amplifier, a fourth resistor, and a second compensation capacitor.
One end of the third resistor is used as the input of the second-stage precise amplification module, and the other end of the third resistor is connected with the reverse input end of the precise operational amplifier; the positive input end of the precision operational amplifier is grounded; one end of the fourth resistor is connected with the reverse input end of the precision operational amplifier, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the output end of the precision operational amplifier; one end of the second compensation capacitor is connected with the reverse input end of the precision operational amplifier, and the other end of the second compensation capacitor is connected with the output end of the precision operational amplifier.
Optionally, the precision operational amplifier is of an OPA2182 type, the third resistor and the fourth resistor are used for realizing a designed voltage amplification factor, and the second compensation capacitor is used for compensation, so that the system is kept stable.
Specifically, the function of the hardware controllable filtering module is to implement adaptive filtering, as shown in fig. 4, including a low-pass filtering module, a high-pass filtering module, and an I2C communication module.
The input of the low-pass filtering module is used as the input of the hardware controllable filtering module, and the output of the low-pass filtering module is connected with the input of the high-pass filtering module; and the output of the high-pass filtering module is used as the output of the hardware controllable filtering module.
The low-pass filtering module and the high-pass filtering module jointly realize band-pass filtering, the filtering cut-off frequency is adjustable, and the self-adaptive adjustment is realized according to the noise frequency distribution change. The I2C communication module is used for realizing communication with the processor module.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the low-pass filtering module includes a low-pass filter, a first digital potentiometer, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, and a seventh resistor.
One end of the sixth resistor is used as the input of the low-pass filter module, and the other end of the sixth resistor is connected with the input of the low-pass filter; the output of the low-pass filter is used as the output of the low-pass filtering module; one end of the seventh resistor is connected with the input of the low-pass filter, and the other end of the seventh resistor is grounded; the W end of the first digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 1 end of the low-pass filter, and the L end of the first digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 2 end of the low-pass filter; one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the address end of the first digital potentiometer, and the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded.
The first digital potentiometer is used for adjusting the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filtering module, and the processor module adjusts the value of the first digital potentiometer through I2C communication to adjust the filtering cut-off frequency; the fifth resistor is used for determining a communication address of the first digital potentiometer; the sixth resistor is used for adjusting the amplification factor of the low-pass filtering module; the seventh resistor is used for adjusting the quality factor of the low-pass filtering module.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the high-pass filtering module includes a high-pass filter, a second digital potentiometer, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, and a tenth resistor.
One end of the ninth resistor is used as the input of the high-pass filter module, and the other end of the ninth resistor is connected with the input of the high-pass filter; the output of the high-pass filter is used as the output of the high-pass filtering module; one end of the tenth resistor is connected with the input of the high-pass filter, and the other end of the tenth resistor is grounded; the W end of the second digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 1 end of the high-pass filter, and the L end of the second digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 2 end of the high-pass filter; one end of the eighth resistor is connected with the address end of the second digital potentiometer, and the other end of the eighth resistor is connected with a power supply.
The second digital potentiometer is used for adjusting the cut-off frequency of the high-pass filtering module, and the processor module adjusts the value of the second digital potentiometer through I2C communication to adjust the filtering cut-off frequency; the eighth resistor is used for determining a communication address of the second digital potentiometer; the ninth resistor is used for adjusting the amplification factor of the low-pass filtering module; the tenth resistor is used for adjusting the quality factor of the low-pass filtering module.
The processor module analyzes the signal frequency spectrum by using a DFT algorithm, performs discrete Fourier transform on the time domain signal to obtain corresponding frequency spectrum components, extracts fundamental frequency and a noise frequency band, and the self-adaptive filtering scheme is shown in a block diagram in figure 7. According to the frequency domain information of the signals, filtering noise and then utilizing Fourier inversion to obtain filtered effective signals; according to the extracted fundamental wave frequency, the cut-off frequencies of the low-pass filtering module and the high-pass filtering module are modified through I2C communication, and the hardware filtering cut-off frequency is automatically adjusted according to the change of the signal fundamental wave frequency.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, but the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. The invention can be modified, as prescribed, within the scope of the claims and without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, but rather extends to all other methods and applications having the same functionality.
Claims (7)
1. A self-adaptive filtering optical power detection circuit is characterized by comprising a primary photodiode transimpedance amplification module, a secondary precise amplification module, a hardware controllable filtering module, an analog-to-digital conversion module and a processor module;
the second-stage precise amplification module is connected with the output end of the first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module, the hardware controllable filtering module is connected with the output end of the second-stage precise amplification module, the analog-to-digital conversion module is connected with the output end of the hardware controllable filtering module, and the processor module is connected with the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion module.
2. The adaptively filtered optical power detection circuit of claim 1, wherein: the first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module comprises a photodiode, a transimpedance amplifier, a first resistor, a first compensation capacitor and a second resistor;
the cathode of the photodiode is connected with a power supply voltage, the anode of the photodiode is connected with the reverse input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the forward input end of the transimpedance amplifier is grounded; one end of the first resistor is connected with the reverse input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the other end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier; one end of the first compensation capacitor is connected with the reverse input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the other end of the first compensation capacitor is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier; one end of the second resistor is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the other end of the second resistor is used as the output end of the first-stage photodiode transimpedance amplification module.
3. The adaptively filtered optical power detection circuit of claim 1, wherein: the second-stage precise amplification module comprises a third resistor, a precise operational amplifier, a fourth resistor and a second compensation capacitor;
one end of the third resistor is used as the input of the second-stage precise amplification module, and the other end of the third resistor is connected with the reverse input end of the precise operational amplifier; the positive input end of the precision operational amplifier is grounded; one end of the fourth resistor is connected with the reverse input end of the precision operational amplifier, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the output end of the precision operational amplifier; one end of the second compensation capacitor is connected with the reverse input end of the precision operational amplifier, and the other end of the second compensation capacitor is connected with the output end of the precision operational amplifier.
4. The adaptively filtered optical power detection circuit of claim 1, wherein: the hardware controllable filtering module comprises a low-pass filtering module, a high-pass filtering module and an I2C communication module;
the input of the low-pass filtering module is used as the input of the hardware controllable filtering module, and the output of the low-pass filtering module is connected with the input of the high-pass filtering module; and the output of the high-pass filtering module is used as the output of the hardware controllable filtering module.
5. The adaptively filtered optical power detection circuit of claim 4, wherein: the low-pass filtering module comprises a low-pass filter, a first digital potentiometer, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor;
one end of the sixth resistor is used as the input of the low-pass filter module, and the other end of the sixth resistor is connected with the input of the low-pass filter; the output of the low-pass filter is used as the output of the low-pass filtering module; one end of the seventh resistor is connected with the input of the low-pass filter, and the other end of the seventh resistor is grounded; the W end of the first digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 1 end of the low-pass filter, and the L end of the first digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 2 end of the low-pass filter; one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the address end of the first digital potentiometer, and the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded.
6. The adaptively filtered optical power detection circuit of claim 5, wherein: the high-pass filtering module comprises a high-pass filter, a second digital potentiometer, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor and a tenth resistor;
one end of the ninth resistor is used as the input of the high-pass filter module, and the other end of the ninth resistor is connected with the input of the high-pass filter; the output of the high-pass filter is used as the output of the high-pass filtering module; one end of the tenth resistor is connected with the input of the high-pass filter, and the other end of the tenth resistor is grounded; the W end of the second digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 1 end of the high-pass filter, and the L end of the second digital potentiometer is connected with the reference 2 end of the high-pass filter; one end of the eighth resistor is connected with the address end of the second digital potentiometer, and the other end of the eighth resistor is connected with a power supply.
7. The detection method of the adaptive-filtering optical power detection circuit according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the processor module analyzes a signal spectrum by using a DFT algorithm, extracts a fundamental frequency and a noise frequency band, and automatically filters noise; the cutoff frequency of the hardware controllable filter module is modified by I2C communication based on the extracted fundamental frequency.
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| CN118074668A (en) * | 2024-04-19 | 2024-05-24 | 深圳市鸿富胜科技有限公司 | Low-pass filter circuit |
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