CN113832461A

CN113832461A - Nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding, ceramic particle reinforced composite powder and application

Info

Publication number: CN113832461A
Application number: CN202111113860.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 翁子清; 史金光; 金霞; 刘平; 金莹; 张腾辉; 丁洪波; 金叶挺
Original assignee: Zhejiang Asia General Soldering & Brazing Material Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Asia General Soldering & Brazing Material Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-23
Filing date: 2021-09-23
Publication date: 2021-12-24
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-23
Also published as: CN113832461B

Abstract

The invention discloses nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding, ceramic particle reinforced composite powder and application. The alloy elements of the nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding comprise Cu, Cr, Mo, Fe, C, Si, B and Ni; wherein, the mass of Cu, Si and B respectively accounts for 10-15%, 0.02-1% and 0.01-0.5% of the total mass of the nickel-based alloy powder; the composite powder can be independently used for laser cladding, can also be mixed with high-proportion (50-75%) of hard ceramic powder to form ceramic particle reinforced composite powder, and increases the hardness and the wear resistance of a laser cladding coating on the premise of ensuring that the laser cladding coating does not crack.

Description

Nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding, ceramic particle reinforced composite powder and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding materials, and particularly relates to nickel-based alloy powder and ceramic particle reinforced composite powder for laser cladding and application thereof.

Background

Laser cladding is a new surface modification technology, and is characterized by that it adds cladding material on the surface of base material, and utilizes high-energy laser beam to make it and a thin layer of base material surface be simultaneously molten, and quickly solidifies to form cladding layer which is metallurgically combined with base material. The main application directions of the laser cladding technology are (1) laser remanufacturing: the strengthening and remanufacturing of the parts are realized by cladding the wear-resistant alloy coating at the key position of the parts; (2) the high-performance material is cladded on the surface of the common material, so that the high-performance material is adopted instead of the whole material, and the effects of reducing the cost and saving resources are achieved.

The most troublesome problem in laser cladding is that the powder material is selected without fixed marks and standard references, and the cladding layer has poor forming performance and is easy to generate defects such as inclusion cracks, and the application of the technology is limited to a great extent. The cracking of the cladding layer is closely related to the composition and the performance of the selected laser cladding powder material. At present, laser cladding powder materials are mainly divided into alloy powder, ceramic powder, composite powder and the like. For the cracking problem of laser cladding by using alloy powder, a great deal of research is carried out at home and abroad, and some achievements are obtained; for laser cladding with composite powder, the influence factors become more complicated and the crack rate is greatly increased due to the addition of the hard ceramic phase. In particular, when the content of the ceramic phase in the composite powder is high (50% or more), cracking is more likely.

On the premise of ensuring that the laser cladding layer is not cracked, the hardness of the cladding layer is improved as much as possible, the design of the laser cladding powder material is very important, and the method has important significance for expanding the application of laser cladding in strengthening, remanufacturing and wearing of high-end parts.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems, the invention provides nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding, ceramic particle reinforced composite powder and application. The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding can be used for laser cladding alone, and can also be mixed with high-proportion (50-75%) of hard ceramic powder to form ceramic particle reinforced composite powder, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of a laser cladding coating are improved on the premise of ensuring that the laser cladding layer is not cracked.

The specific scheme of the invention is as follows:

one of the purposes of the invention is to provide nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding, wherein the alloy elements comprise Cu, Cr, Mo, Fe, C, Si, B and Ni; wherein, the mass of Cu, Si and B respectively accounts for 10-15%, 0.02-1% and 0.01-0.5% of the total mass of the nickel-based alloy powder.

According to the invention, the nickel-based alloy powder is added with the Si, B and Cu in the proportion, the Cu content is high, and the Si and B content is low, so that the alloy elements and the content are regulated, on one hand, the deoxidation and slagging in the laser cladding process are facilitated, and the process forming requirement of laser cladding is met; on the other hand, when the nickel-based alloy powder is mixed with high-proportion (50-75%) hard ceramic powder and then subjected to laser cladding, the cladding layer has high hardness and wear resistance, and the generation of cracks is reduced.

In the alloy powder system, Cu and Ni in a specific ratio form a proper amount of solid solution to play a role in solid solution strengthening, and the solid solution strengthening role of Cu is cooperated with the lubricating role of Cu, so that the nickel-based alloy powder can be independently used for 20 steel, 45 steel, 35CrMo, 42CrMo and 60Si₂The laser cladding strengthening or remanufacturing of Mn-based carbon steel and base materials such as 304, 316L, 1Cr13, 2Cr13 stainless steel and the like, ensures that a cladding layer does not crack, and has more proper hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance。

Preferably, the paint comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu 10-15%, Cr 5-10%, Mo 2-5%, Fe 2-5%, C0.01-0.2%, Si 0.02-1%, B0.01-0.5%, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.

Preferably, the paint comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu 10%, Cr 10%, Mo 4%, Fe 4%, C0.15%, Si 0.5%, B0.4%, and the balance of Ni.

The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the invention is not particularly limited, and the nickel-based alloy powder can be prepared by a conventional method, such as, but not limited to, a vacuum atomization method.

The invention also aims to provide ceramic particle reinforced composite powder, which comprises the nickel-based alloy powder and hard ceramic powder, wherein the mass of the hard ceramic powder accounts for 50-75% of the total mass of the composite powder.

Preferably, the hard ceramic powder is selected from WC, SiC, TiC or B₄C; preferably WC.

Preferably, in the nickel-based alloy powder, the mass of Si is in the range of 0.02-0.4%, and the mass of B is in the range of 0.01-0.1%.

Preferably, the mass of Cu in the nickel-base alloy powder is in the range of 12-15%.

In the preferable scheme, the contents of Si, B and Cu in the nickel-based alloy powder are further controlled to be in a specific proportion, so that the cladding layer formed by mixing the nickel-based alloy powder and 75% of high-content hard ceramic powder for laser cladding can not crack, and the hardness and the wear resistance of the cladding layer obtained by laser cladding of the composite powder can be further improved.

Preferably, the nickel-based alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu 14%, Cr 5%, Mo2.5%, Fe 5%, C0.05%, Si 0.4%, B0.1%, and the balance of Ni.

The invention also aims to provide application of the nickel-based alloy powder or the ceramic particle reinforced composite powder for laser cladding in laser surface strengthening or laser repair remanufacturing of parts.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding according to example three;

FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a ceramic particle-reinforced composite powder according to example six;

FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a bonding site of a laser cladding coating and a substrate after laser cladding of the ceramic particle reinforced composite powder according to example six;

fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the middle of the laser cladding coating after laser cladding of the ceramic particle reinforced composite powder according to example six.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail by specific examples, but these examples should be explicitly proposed for illustration, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding in the embodiment of the invention is prepared by adopting a vacuum atomization method, but is not limited to the method, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) charging the initial raw materials (pure copper, micro-carbon ferrochrome, micro-carbon ferromolybdenum, pure iron, ferroboron, ferrosilicon and pure nickel) into a crucible in a smelting chamber of vacuum gas atomization equipment according to the proportion; wherein, ferroboron and ferrosilicon are arranged at the lower part of the crucible, and the rest materials are sequentially arranged in the crucible;

(2) vacuum smelting: vacuumizing a smelting chamber and an atomizing chamber of vacuum atomizing equipment when the vacuum degree is less than 10^-1When Pa is needed, high-purity nitrogen is filled in the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber until the pressure reaches 0.11-0.15 MPa; heating the raw materials by adopting a medium-frequency induction heating mode, detecting the temperature of the alloy melt when the raw materials in the crucible are melted, and refining and deslagging for 4-15 minutes when the temperature reaches 1500-;

(3) atomizing: starting atomization after refining and deslagging, slowly pouring the alloy melt in the crucible into a leaky bag of vacuum atomization equipment, wherein the leaky bag is connected with an atomizer, the melt flows into a liquid guide pipe of the atomizer and is crushed and atomized into powder by high-speed gas, the atomized gas medium is nitrogen, and the atomization pressure is 2-8 Mpa;

(4) and (3) collecting powder: and (5) after atomization is finished for 1h, removing powder, and screening the powder with minus 100 to plus 325 meshes for storage and standby. Here, the particle size range means that the nickel alloy powder of the present invention can leak through a 100 mesh and cannot leak through a 325 mesh.

When the ceramic particle reinforced composite powder is prepared, nickel-based alloy powder and hard ceramic powder are mixed in a V-shaped mixer for 1-3 hours according to the proportion, and the ceramic particle reinforced composite powder is obtained.

Example 1

The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 10%, Cr: 10%, Mo: 4%, Fe: 4%, C: 0.15%, Si: 0.5%, B: 0.4% and the balance of Ni.

Example 2

The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 11%, Cr: 8%, Mo: 3%, Fe: 2%, C: 0.1%, Si: 0.2%, B: 0.2% and the balance of Ni.

Example 3

The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 14%, Cr: 5%, Mo: 2.5%, Fe: 5%, C: 0.05%, Si: 0.4%, B: 0.1% and the balance of Ni.

FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the nickel-base alloy powder obtained in the present example.

Example 4

The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 15%, Cr: 10%, Mo: 5%, Fe: 5%, C: 0.2%, Si: 1%, B: 0.5 percent, and the balance being Ni.

Example 5

The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu: 10%, Cr: 7%, Mo: 2%, Fe: 2%, C: 0.01%, Si: 0.02%, B: 0.01 percent, and the balance being Ni.

Example 6

A ceramic particle reinforced composite powder comprising, in mass percent, 30% of the nickel-based alloy powder of example 3 and 70% of a WC ceramic powder.

Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the ceramic particle-reinforced composite powder obtained in this example.

Example 7

A ceramic particle reinforced composite powder comprising, in mass percent, 25% of the nickel-based alloy powder of example 3 and 75% of WC ceramic powder.

Example 8

A ceramic particle reinforced composite powder comprising, in mass percent, 30% of the nickel-based alloy powder of example 1 and 70% of WC ceramic powder.

Example 9

A ceramic particle-reinforced composite powder comprising, by mass, 50% of the nickel-based alloy powder described in example 3 and 50% of SiC ceramic powder.

Performance testing

1. The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding described in examples 1 to 5 was subjected to laser cladding coating preparation according to the following steps, and performance tests were performed, specifically as follows

1) Respectively selecting 316L, 45 steel, 35CrMo and 60Si₂Cutting the Mn steel plate into samples with the dimensions of length, width and thickness being 100 multiplied by 50 multiplied by 15mm, polishing the surface of a matrix by an angle grinder, and cleaning the matrix by alcohol;

2) the nickel-based alloy powder described in the embodiments 1 to 5 is respectively adopted to carry out laser cladding on the substrate, and the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power P is 2.2kW, the cladding speed V is 6mm/s, the spot size D is 5mm, and the powder feeding amount q is 10 g/min; the powder feeding gas is nitrogen, and the protective gas is argon;

and (4) carrying out dye check treatment on the coating after laser cladding is finished, and testing the hardness of the coating. The test results are shown in table 1 below.

Table 1, examples 1-5, laser cladding test results for the nickel-base alloy powders

2. The ceramic particle reinforced composite powder described in example 6 was laser clad, and the selected matrix material was H13 steel. The laser cladding process parameters are as follows: a semiconductor optical fiber coupling laser is adopted, the laser power P is 2.2kW, the cladding speed V is 6mm/s, the spot size D is 5mm, the powder feeding amount q is 16g/min, the powder feeding gas is nitrogen, and the shielding gas is argon.

Carrying out dye check treatment on the coating after laser cladding is finished, and checking that the coating does not crack; and cutting the sample along a line perpendicular to the scanning direction of laser cladding, and observing the microstructure, wherein the scanning electron microscope image of the combined part of the coating and the matrix is shown in figure 3, and the scanning electron microscope image of the middle part of the coating is shown in figure 4.

The hardness and the wear resistance of an H13 steel matrix and a coating are respectively tested by adopting a microhardness tester and a frictional wear tester, and the testing conditions of frictional wear are as follows: testing by using HT-600 type friction and wear testing machine at normal temperature, wherein the grinding material is Si₃N₄And (5) testing the abrasion volume of the sample after the ball rotates at the speed of 450r/min and the abrasion time is 1 h. The test results are shown in table 2 below.

Table 2 hardness and abrasion resistance test comparison data

Material	Hardness of	Sample wear volume V_m/mm³
			H13 steel	467HV_0.3	2.134×10^-3
70% WC coating	453-628HV_0.3	0.072×10^-3

The above data show that: the hardness of the 70% WC coating fluctuated because the grain size was high in the microstructure of the coating near the WC grains, and the hardness was the lowest in the Ni-based alloy phase region between the hard phases of the WC grains because the WC grain boundary portion was decomposed into C, and W₂C is diluted into the coating, thereby increasing the hardness. The detection result shows that the coating has very high wear resistance, and is improved by orders of magnitude compared with the H13 steel as the base material.

3. The ceramic particle reinforced composite powder described in example 8 was subjected to laser cladding, and the process parameters and the test method of the matrix material and the laser cladding were the same as those in the above performance test 2. The hardness and wear resistance test results of the H13 steel substrate and the coating are shown in table 3 below.

Table 3 hardness and abrasion resistance test comparative data

Material	Hardness of	Sample wear volume V_m/mm³
			H13 steel	467HV_0.3	2.134×10^-3
70% WC coating	518-724HV_0.3	0.047×10^-3

In addition, when the coating was subjected to dye penetrant inspection after laser cladding was completed, a small amount of microcracks were observed on the coating.

4. The bearing part of a high-temperature fan shaft of a certain model in a certain factory is worn, and the nickel-based alloy powder prepared in the embodiment 2 is selected as the base material of 42CrMo for laser repair. The operation is as follows:

1) fixing a high-temperature fan shaft on a rotary support, and cleaning the worn surface;

2) fixing a high-temperature fan shaft on a rotary support, detecting whether the shaft is bent or not, and detecting whether the inside of the shaft has defects such as cracks or the like by using ultrasonic waves;

3) the nickel-based alloy powder of the embodiment 2 is adopted for laser repair, and the laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the laser power P is 2.2kW, the cladding speed V is 6mm/s, the spot size D is 5mm, and the powder feeding amount q is 10 g/min; the powder feeding gas is nitrogen, and the protective gas is argon.

After the repair is finished, flaw detection treatment is carried out on the coating, and no crack is found; and performing metal processing treatment on the repaired part. The laser repairing work is completed, and the repaired workpiece is stable in running, safe and reliable through a machine-turning test. The nickel-based alloy powder adopted by the repair part meets the laser cladding process and requirements.

5. The grinding disc of a certain type of cement ball in a certain factory is abraded, and the base material is 60Si₂Mn, the nickel-base alloy powder prepared in example 3 was selected for laser repair remanufacture by the following operations:

1) cleaning and turning the abraded surface of the cement nodular graphite disk to remove a fatigue layer on the surface layer;

2) inspecting whether the nodular graphite disk mill has crack defects by flaw detection; if the cracks are locally polished and then repaired by laser cladding, the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power P is 2.2kW, the cladding speed V is 6mm/s, the spot size D is 5mm, and the powder feeding amount q is 10 g/min; the powder feeding gas is nitrogen, and the protective gas is argon;

3) after the nodular graphite disk is detected to be crack-free, multilayer laser cladding is carried out on the nodular graphite disk by using the powder material obtained in the embodiment 3 until the difference between the molding size and the forming size is 0.3-0.5 mm. The laser cladding process parameters are the same as above;

4) carrying out laser cladding on the last layer of the cement nodular cast iron by adopting the ceramic particle reinforced composite powder in the embodiment 7, wherein the laser cladding process parameters are that the laser power P is 2.2kW, the cladding speed V is 6mm/s, the spot size D is 5mm, and the powder feeding amount q is 16 g/min; the powder feeding gas is nitrogen, and the protective gas is argon.

After the repair is finished, flaw detection treatment is carried out on the coating, no large-area crack is found, and the use requirement is met; and (5) carrying out gold processing treatment on the spherical ink disk to recover the required size. The repaired cement nodular cast iron disc is stable in running, safe and reliable through a machine-rotating test, and the service life of the cement nodular cast iron disc is prolonged by more than 10 times.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding is characterized in that the alloy elements comprise Cu, Cr, Mo, Fe, C, Si, B and Ni; wherein, the mass of Cu, Si and B respectively accounts for 10-15%, 0.02-1% and 0.01-0.5% of the total mass of the nickel-based alloy powder.

2. The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: cu 10-15%, Cr 5-10%, Mo 2-5%, Fe 2-5%, C0.01-0.2%, Si 0.02-1%, B0.01-0.5%, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities.

3. The nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: cu 10%, Cr 10%, Mo 4%, Fe 4%, C0.15%, Si 0.5%, B0.4%, and the balance of Ni.

4. A ceramic particle reinforced composite powder comprising the nickel-based alloy powder according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a hard ceramic powder, wherein the hard ceramic powder is present in an amount of 50 to 75% by mass based on the total mass of the composite powder.

5. The ceramic particle reinforced composite powder of claim 4, wherein the hard ceramic powder is selected from WC, SiC, TiC or B₄C; preferably WC.

6. The ceramic particle reinforced composite powder according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the mass of Si in the nickel-based alloy powder is in the range of 0.02 to 0.4%, and the mass of B is in the range of 0.01 to 0.1%.

7. The ceramic particle reinforced composite powder of claim 6, wherein the mass of Cu in the nickel-based alloy powder is in the range of 12-15%.

8. The ceramic particle reinforced composite powder according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the nickel-based alloy powder comprises the following components in mass percent: cu 14%, Cr 5%, Mo2.5%, Fe 5%, C0.05%, Si 0.4%, B0.1%, and the balance of Ni.

9. Use of the laser-clad nickel-based alloy powder according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the ceramic particle-reinforced composite powder according to any one of claims 4 to 8 for laser surface strengthening or laser repair remanufacturing of parts.