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CN113831292A - 一种含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料及其应用 - Google Patents

一种含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料及其应用 Download PDF

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CN113831292A
CN113831292A CN202111200908.3A CN202111200908A CN113831292A CN 113831292 A CN113831292 A CN 113831292A CN 202111200908 A CN202111200908 A CN 202111200908A CN 113831292 A CN113831292 A CN 113831292A
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electron transport
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anthracene
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苏艳
王宜凡
周海涛
赵振宏
张大庆
黄珠菊
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Shanghai Chuanqin New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及有机电致发光技术领域,具体涉及一种含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料及其应用。其结构如结构式I所示,
Figure DDA0003302435300000011
其中,Ar1为C6‑C30取代未取代的芳基,C3‑C30取代或者未取代的杂芳基中的一种;Ar2为苯腈基,吡啶基,嘧啶基或喹啉基;L1和L2为苯基,联苯基或萘基;R1‑R12为氢,氘,甲基,三氘代甲基,三氟甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,丁基,叔丁基,异丁基,氰基,氯,氟,溴中的一种。

Description

一种含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料及其应用
技术领域:
本发明涉及有机电致发光技术领域,具体涉及一种含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料及其应用。
背景技术:
有机电致发光器件(OLEDs)作为一种新型的显示技术,每个像素切换自如,且主动发光,使得显示响应时间短,色彩对比度高;驱动电压低可减少能耗;有机材料的使用使得器件更加轻薄,环保;而基板的多元化选择为柔性和透明显示提供可能,广泛应用在手机、平板显示器、电视、照明和车载显示等领域。
一般的有机电致发光器件采用夹层式三明治结构,即有机层夹在两侧阳极和阴极之间,有机层按照各种材料不同的光电特性分为空穴传输层、电子传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层和电子阻挡层等。器件的发光机理主要为:在外界电压驱动下,空穴和电子克服能垒,分别由阳极和阴极注入到空穴传输层和电子传输层,然后在发光层中复合并释放能量,并把能量传递给有机发光物质。发光物质得到能量,并使其从基态跃迁到激发态,当受激发分子重新跃迁到基态,就产生了发光现象。
电子传输材料就是把阴极上的电子传输到发光层的材料,是有机电致发光器件的重要组成部分,有利于降低电子的注入能垒,还可避免阴极与发光层接触,导致发光猝灭。电子传输材料一般要求较好的热稳定性和成膜性,较高的电子迁移率、较大的电子亲和能和较高的激发态能级。
由于大多有机电致发光材料传输空穴的速度要比传输电子的速度快。这就使得电子和空穴在发光层中的数量不平衡,导致器件发光时远离发光层,接近电极,这样就需要较高的驱动电压,也降低了器件的效率和器件的使用寿命。最近的有机电致发光器件尽管已经得到逐渐改良,但仍要求在发光效率,驱动电压,寿命等方面更为优异的材料,因此,需要开发具有良好热稳定性和性能优良的电子传输材料。
苯并咪唑基团很早就开始作为电子传输材料应用在有机电致发光器件上,1998年Shi等在专利US5766779报道了苯并咪唑类电子传输材料,专利WO2004080975报道了苯并咪唑跟蒽结合作为电子传输材料。随着对OLED的要求越来越高,还需要开发更好稳定性和电子传输性能的电子传输材料。
发明内容:
本发明正是针对上述问题,提供了一种含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料及其应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案,在苯明咪唑的2位引入苯腈基或者吡啶基,增强材料电负性,提高化合物的电子传输性能,同时提高化合物的玻璃化温度,改善材料的热稳定性,其结构如结构式I所示,
Figure BDA0003302435280000031
结构式I
其中,Ar1为C6-C30取代未取代的芳基,C3-C30取代或者未取代的杂芳基中的一种;Ar2为苯腈基,吡啶基,嘧啶基或喹啉基;L1和L2为苯基,联苯基或萘基;
R1-R12为氢,氘,甲基,三氘代甲基,三氟甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,丁基,叔丁基,异丁基,氰基,氯,氟,溴中的一种。
Ar1优选为苯基,1-萘基,2-萘基,联苯基,菲基,9,9-二甲基芴基,9,9-二苯基芴基,9,9-螺芴基,苯并菲基,二苯并呋喃基,二苯并噻吩基,苯基萘基,萘基苯基,吡啶基,苯腈基中的一种。
Ar2优选为吡啶基,苯腈基。
L1和L2优选为苯基。
优选地,所述的含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子材料包括并不限于如下化合物1-46中的任意一种,
Figure BDA0003302435280000032
Figure BDA0003302435280000041
Figure BDA0003302435280000051
Figure BDA0003302435280000061
Figure BDA0003302435280000071
Figure BDA0003302435280000081
Figure BDA0003302435280000091
Figure BDA0003302435280000101
上述含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子材料可应用于有机电致发光器件中,其包括阳极、阴极和有机层,有机层包含发光层、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层、电子传输层中的一层以上。
所述的有机层中至少有一层含有上述的有机电子材料。
所述的有机层中的发光层含有上述的有机电子材料。
所述的有机层中的电子传输层或者电子注入层含有上述的有机电子材料。
所述的有机层中的空穴阻挡层含有上述的有机电子材料。
含有上述有机电子材料的电子传输层中,还可加入有机金属络合物,其中金属络合物的含量为20~70%。有机金属络合物可为8-羟基喹啉锂。
所述的有机层的总厚度为1~1000nm;进一步优选地,有机层的总厚度为50~500nm。
所述有机电致发光器件中有机层的每一层,可以通过真空蒸镀法、分子束蒸镀法、溶于溶剂的浸涂法、旋涂法、棒涂法或者喷墨打印的方式制备。对于金属电极可以使用蒸镀法或者溅射法进行制备。
除了有机电致发光器件,上述含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子材料还可应用于有机太阳能电池、有机薄膜晶体管、有机光检测器、有机场效应晶体管、有机集成电路和有机光感受器中。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供了一种含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料,由于含有苯并咪唑基团,使得化合物具有良好的电子传输性能;蒽基团的引入,可以提高材料的热稳定性;同时在苯并咪唑的2位引入苯腈或者吡啶基,可以增强材料的电负性,提高材料的电子传输性能,也可以提高材料的稳定性。作为电子传输材料应用在有机电致发光器件上,可以改善器件高发光效率,延长器件的使用寿命。
附图说明:
图1为实施例1中的化合物1的氢核磁谱图。
图2为实施例2中的化合物3的氢核磁谱图。
图3为有机电致发光器件结构示意图。
其中,110代表为玻璃基板,120代表为阳极,130代表为空穴注入层,140空穴传输层,150代表为阻挡层,160代表为发光层,170代表为电子传输层,180代表为电子注入层,190代表为阴极。
具体实施方式:
下面,结合附图以及具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步描述,但下述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
化合物1的合成
Figure BDA0003302435280000121
中间体1-1的合成
在烧瓶中,加入溴代苯并咪唑化合物(10.00g,26.179mmol),4-氰基苯硼酸(6.89g,31.415mmol),碳酸钾(10.80g,78.142mmol),双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(0.2g),甲苯60mL,乙醇30mL和水30mL置于250mL烧瓶中搅拌,氮气保护,85℃下加热回流5小时。反应完毕后,冷却到25℃抽滤,固体用乙醇洗涤,用甲苯重结晶,得产物8.6g,产率81.29%。
化合物1的合成
在烧瓶中加入中间体1-1(6.5g,16mmol),9-苯基-10-蒽硼酸(5.3g,17.7mmol),碳酸钾(5.67g,41.02mmol),双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(0.10g),X-phos(0.2g),甲苯40mL,乙醇20mL和水20mL,氮气保护,85℃下加热回流5小时。反应完毕后,冷却到25℃,抽滤,粗品用甲苯重结晶得到产物6.6g,产率66.2%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ):7.99-8.01(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.89-7.91(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.36-7.75(m,26H),如图1。
MS(ESI,m/z):[M+H]+:624.19。
实施例2
Figure BDA0003302435280000131
化合物3的合成方法跟实施例1的化合物1不同的是,用9-(2-萘基)-10-苯硼酸代替9-苯基-10-蒽硼酸,产率74%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ):7.90-8.11(m,7H),7.54-7.78(m,18H),7.36-7.45(m,6H),如图2。
MS(ESI,m/z):[M+H]+:674.28。
实施例3
Figure BDA0003302435280000132
中间体39-1的合成
合成方法跟中间体1-1不同的是,用3-吡啶硼酸频纳醇酯代替3-氰基苯硼酸,产率67%。
化合物39的合成
合成方法与化合物1不同的是,所用原料为中间体39-1和9-(2-萘基)-10-苯硼酸,产率54%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ):7.91-8.51(m,6H),7.41-7.83(m,12H),7.26-7.38(m,13H)。
MS(ESI,m/z):[M+H]+:650.30。
以下通过实施例对本发明化合物的效果进行详细说明。
有机电致发光器件的结构见图3,具体器件结构如下:玻璃/阳极(ITO)/空穴注入层(HIL)/空穴传输层(HTL)/电子阻挡层(EBL)/发光层(主体材料BH:蓝色发光材料BD)/电子传输层(电子传输材料:8-羟基喹啉锂)/电子注入层(EIL)/阴极(Mg和Ag的质量比10:1)。
实施例4
使用实施例1的化合物1制备OLED
将透明导电ITO玻璃基板110(上面带有阳极120)(中国南玻集团股份有限公司)在商用清洗剂中超声处理,在去离子水中冲洗,再依次经过乙醇,丙酮和去离子水洗净,在洁净环境下烘烤至完全除去水分,用紫外光合臭氧清洗,再用氧等离子处理30秒。
接着把上述带有阳极的玻璃基片置于真空腔内,抽真空,在ITO上面蒸镀HIL(5nm)作为空穴注入层130,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s。
在空穴注入层上面蒸镀化合物HT1,形成80nm厚的空穴传输层140,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s。在空穴传输层上面蒸镀EB,形成10nm厚的电子阻挡层150,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s。在空穴阻挡层上蒸镀30nm厚的发光层160,其中,BH为主体发光材料,而以2%重量比的BD作为掺杂客体材料,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s。在发光层上蒸镀30nm厚的等质量的化合物1和LiQ作为电子传输层170,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s。在电子传输层上蒸镀1nm厚的LiQ作为电子注入层180。在电子注入层蒸镀100nm厚掺杂比为10:1的镁银作为器件阴极190。
实施例5
与实施例4的区别在于,步骤(6)中的化合物1换成化合物3作为电子传输材料。
实施例6
与实施例4的区别在于,步骤(6)中的化合物1换成化合物39作为电子传输材料。
对比例1
与实施例4的区别仅在于,步骤(6)中的化合物1换成化合物ET作为电子传输材料。
器件中所述结构式如下:
Figure BDA0003302435280000151
Figure BDA0003302435280000161
上述有机材料都是现有的已知材料,由市场采购获得。
所制备的器件用Photo Research PR650光谱仪测得在1000cd/m2下的工作电压,效率,CIE坐标,以及测量在30mA/cm2电流密度下亮度变成初始亮度96%的时间(T96),具体表1所示。
表1器件性能参数
Figure BDA0003302435280000162
Figure BDA0003302435280000171
从表1可以看出,利用本发明电子传输材料制备的有机电致发光器件,电压降低了,效率至少提高17%,电压降低接近20%,同时寿命至少提高34%。本发明的化合物显示出了良好的性能,这是由于苯腈基和吡啶基的引入,有利于增加材料的电负性,提高材料的电子迁移率,帮忙器件空穴和电子的平衡,可以有效地把电子传输到发光层,进而提升器件的性能。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料及其应用,其特征在于,其结构如结构式I所示,
Figure FDA0003302435270000011
其中,Ar1为C6-C30取代未取代的芳基,C3-C30取代或者未取代的杂芳基中的一种;Ar2为苯腈基,吡啶基,嘧啶基或喹啉基;L1和L2为苯基,联苯基或萘基;
R1-R12为氢,氘,甲基,三氘代甲基,三氟甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,丁基,叔丁基,异丁基,氰基,氯,氟,溴中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料及其应用,其特征在于,Ar1为苯基,1-萘基,2-萘基,联苯基,菲基,9,9-二甲基芴基,9,9-二苯基芴基,9,9-螺芴基,苯并菲基,二苯并呋喃基,二苯并噻吩基,苯基萘基,萘基苯基,吡啶基,苯腈基中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料及其应用,其特征在于,Ar2为吡啶基,苯腈基。
4.一种权利要求1所述的含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料的应用,其特征在于,可应用于有机电致发光器件中,其包括阳极、阴极和有机层,有机层包含发光层、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层、电子传输层中的一层以上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料的应用,其特征在于,有机层中至少有一层含有上述的有机电子材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料的应用,其特征在于,所述的有机层中的发光层含有上述的有机电子材料。
7.根据权利要求5所述的含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料的应用,其特征在于,所述的有机层中的电子传输层或者电子注入层含有上述的有机电子材料。
8.根据权利要求5所述的含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料的应用,其特征在于,所述的有机层中的空穴阻挡层含有上述的有机电子材料。
9.根据权利要求7所述的含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料的应用,其特征在于,电子传输层中,还可加入有机金属络合物,其中金属络合物的含量为20~70%。有机金属络合物可为8-羟基喹啉锂。
10.根据权利要求4所述的含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子传输材料的应用,其特征在于,含有苯并咪唑和蒽的有机电子材料还可应用于有机太阳能电池、有机薄膜晶体管、有机光检测器、有机场效应晶体管、有机集成电路和有机光感受器中。
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