CN113802382A - 一种抗菌剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种抗菌剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113802382A CN113802382A CN202111114491.9A CN202111114491A CN113802382A CN 113802382 A CN113802382 A CN 113802382A CN 202111114491 A CN202111114491 A CN 202111114491A CN 113802382 A CN113802382 A CN 113802382A
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- antibacterial agent
- quaternary ammonium
- ammonium salt
- chitosan quaternary
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- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium sulfate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 44
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000005308 Juniperus chinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 2
- NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag] NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940095731 candida albicans Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002795 guanidino group Chemical group C(N)(=N)N* 0.000 description 2
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- OMRXVBREYFZQHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine Chemical class ClC1=NC=NC(Cl)=N1 OMRXVBREYFZQHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123208 Biguanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000306301 Caesalpinia sappan Species 0.000 description 1
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- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000721662 Juniperus Species 0.000 description 1
- BWKZWWVOAKQPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Cl-].C(CC)[N+](OC)(OC)OC Chemical compound [Cl-].C(CC)[N+](OC)(OC)OC BWKZWWVOAKQPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IDWOCGJHKZFFKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)(O)[O-].[Cu].[Ag] Chemical compound [N+](=O)(O)[O-].[Cu].[Ag] IDWOCGJHKZFFKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004283 biguanides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PUVAFTRIIUSGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1CO1 PUVAFTRIIUSGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
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- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
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Abstract
本发明属于抗菌产品技术领域,涉及一种抗菌剂及其制备方法和应用,所述抗菌剂的原料包括以下质量份数的组分:壳聚糖季铵盐30~60份、聚丙烯酸2.5~10份、硫酸铜/硝酸银0.5~1份和纳米二氧化钛颗粒10~30份;所述壳聚糖季铵盐接枝有羧基基团。本发明所述抗菌剂应用于纺织品领域具有杀菌效果好、耐水洗等优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗菌产品技术领域,涉及一种抗菌剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
人的日常生活环境中存在各种各样的细菌、真菌等微生物,这些微生物可在纺织品上大量繁殖,分解人体分泌物,产生氨等带有异味的物质,或在织物上生成菌斑,以致在穿着或应用过程中,对人体产生不适或不良影响。抗菌纺织品因其对抑制细菌、真菌等微生物的生长繁殖,在人体健康保护和医疗保健方面受到广泛关注。
专利202011232809.9公开了一种纺织品抗菌剂及其应用。将桧柏加入氯化钠溶液中蒸馏得到桧柏油,将苏木的干燥心材捣碎煎煮,再用乙醇溶液进行提取;提取后离心分离,将上清液浓缩后得到苏木提取物。最后将水溶性壳聚糖混入水中,然后加入桧柏油和苏木提取物,搅拌均匀后加入pH调节剂;在室温下搅拌均匀即得到纺织品抗菌剂。这种抗菌剂能够广谱抗菌,不易产生抗药性。但壳聚糖类天然抗菌剂抗菌活性低,并且不能直接溶于水和普通有机溶剂,使其应用范围受到很大限制。
专利201610843665.8公开了壳聚糖季铵盐抗菌剂、抗菌液及其制备工艺。将壳聚糖和环氧丙基三甲氧基氯化铵制备成具有取代度的壳聚糖季铵盐,而后将壳聚糖季铵盐用甲乙酮肟封闭的异氰酸酯与之反应,即可得反应性壳聚糖季铵盐抗菌剂。该抗菌剂水溶性提高,取代度提高,抗菌性能好远高于壳聚糖,与织物交联效果好。但是季铵盐壳聚糖作为一种有机高分子材料,本身热性能不足,其抗菌应用受到限制。
专利202011232809.9公开了一种高效复合无机抗菌剂及其制备方法。以多孔道结构的坡缕石为载体,将其与石墨烯进行微观纳米复合,使坡缕石载体和石墨烯均能够在加工和使用过程中保持高度分散状态,同时加入了具有抗菌作用的光催化材料、金属氧化物和金属盐类,制备成具有光催化作用、电子迁移破壁、金属离子抗菌多种功能协同增效的新型复合无机抗菌材料。可以通过其良好的分散性,提高抗菌活性成分与细菌接触面积,通过各抗菌成分协同发挥抗菌作用,从而达到杀灭细菌以及高效抑制细菌繁殖的作用。但该抗菌剂中含石墨烯,成本较高,含有大量金属离子,长期使用影响人体健康。
专利201911396305.8公开了一种胍基壳聚糖季铵盐抗菌剂的制备方法,通过壳聚糖和环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵反应制成壳聚糖季铵盐,而后将壳聚糖季铵盐和聚氨丙基双胍取代的二氯均三嗪反应,超滤浓缩即可得到胍基壳聚糖季铵盐抗菌剂。合成的胍基壳聚糖季铵盐抗菌剂的水溶性好,抑、抗菌活性高,高于壳聚糖和壳聚糖季铵盐,该制备方法简单,原料来源方便,易于工业化生产。但是该胍基壳聚糖季铵盐抗菌剂对皮肤有刺激性,安全性较低,且抗菌耐久性差。
专利202010808444.3公开了一种银铜金属胶体活性炭抗菌剂的制备方法及其有机人造石。先配制含有硝酸银和硝酸铜的水溶液,制得银铜硝酸溶液,随后加入活性炭微粉搅拌均匀,制得活性炭微粉吸附溶液随后进行烘干,将其装入石墨匣钵中送入还原烧结炉,加入氢气,进行还原反应,制得活性炭微粉吸附焙烧粉;最后将活性炭微粉吸附焙烧粉过筛,制得银铜金属胶体活性炭抗菌剂。该抗菌剂具有耐热性好、广谱抗菌和缓释性优良等特点。但该抗菌剂使用银,铜抗菌剂成本较高,抗菌效果迟效且存在有重金属污染的风险。
抗菌剂是决定抗菌纺织品性能的关键因素。目前市场上使用的抗菌剂主要包括有机抗菌剂、无机抗菌剂和天然抗菌剂三大类。有机抗菌剂价格便宜、易于改性,应用广泛,但往往存在耐洗性差,易溶、毒性、耐药性等局限性。无机抗菌剂主要是以金属离子和金属氧化物为主,其具有毒性低,不易产生耐药性。但因不能与纤维形成牢固的结合状态,耐洗性差且长期应用可能对人体造成危害。天然抗菌剂具有化学性质稳定、良好的生物相容性、可生物降解、无毒等优点,但抗菌作用有限,耐热性较差,杀菌率低,不能广谱长效使用。现有的抗菌剂研究表明,无论哪一种抗菌材料,其单独使用时都存在不足之处。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷和不足,因此亟待发明一种能够长效抗菌且耐洗性优异对人体无害的抗菌剂。为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种抗菌剂及其制备方法和应用,具有杀菌效果好、耐水洗等优势。
本发明提供的技术方案如下:
一种抗菌剂,所述抗菌剂的原料包括以下质量份数的组分:壳聚糖季铵盐30~60份、聚丙烯酸2.5~10份、硫酸铜/硝酸银0.5~1份和纳米二氧化钛颗粒10~30份;所述壳聚糖季铵盐接枝有羧基基团。
进一步的,接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐、聚丙烯酸、硫酸铜/硝酸银、纳米二氧化钛颗粒的质量比为45:5:0.8:20。
本发明还提供一种抗菌剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐加入去离子水中,再加入聚丙烯酸,然后超声处理,随后加入硫酸铜或硝酸银搅拌均匀,并加入纳米二氧化钛颗粒,搅拌后最终得到抗菌剂。
进一步的,加入纳米二氧化钛颗粒后,在50℃下搅拌30~40min。
进一步的,所述纳米二氧化钛颗粒由以下质量份数的原料制备而成:
130~150份混合溶剂、30~50份钛酸四丁酯、20~23份水、18~22份混合单体、10~12份添加颗粒、9~12份辅助剂、6~9份引发剂;所述混合溶剂为无水乙醇、油酸按体积比12:2~4混合而成;所述混合单体为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、马来酸酐按质量比7:1~3混合而成;所述添加颗粒为硫酸锶、碳酸钠按质量比7:3~5混合而成;所述辅助剂为碳酸氢钠,碳酸氢铵中的任意一种;所述引发剂为过硫酸钠,过硫酸铵中的任意一种。
进一步的,所述纳米二氧化钛颗粒由以下质量份数的原料制备而成:
140份混合溶剂、40份钛酸四丁酯、22份水、20份混合单体、11份添加颗粒、10份辅助剂、8份引发剂;所述混合溶剂为无水乙醇、油酸按体积比12:3混合而成;所述混合单体为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、马来酸酐按质量比7:2混合而成;所述添加颗粒为硫酸锶、碳酸钠按质量比7:4混合而成;所述辅助剂为碳酸氢钠,碳酸氢铵中的任意一种;所述引发剂为过硫酸钠,过硫酸铵中的任意一种。
进一步的,所述纳米二氧化钛颗粒的制备方法为:
将混合溶剂、钛酸四丁酯、添加颗粒放入反应釜中,使用氮气保护,在50~60℃预热30~40min;
加入混合单体和引发剂,升温至133~140℃,搅拌反应4~6h,降温至45~48℃,再加入辅助剂,混合均匀,静置3~5h,出料,冷冻干燥,收集干燥物;
将冷冻干燥物放入煅烧炉中在400~550℃进行煅烧2h,充分研磨,收集研磨颗粒得到纳米二氧化钛颗粒。
进一步的,预热温度为50~60℃之间的具体点值,如50℃、55℃或60℃等。
进一步的,煅烧温度为400~550℃之间的具体点值,如400℃、410℃、420℃、430℃、440℃或450℃等。
进一步的,所述接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐制备方法为:将坡缕石和壳聚糖季铵盐混合粉体加入去离子水中配成水悬浮液,随后加入引发剂搅拌后滴加聚丙烯酸或丙烯酸,超声处理并调节pH值,用过量乙醇沉淀,将沉淀过滤洗涤,干燥后恒重,得到接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐。
进一步的,坡缕石、壳聚糖季铵盐和聚丙烯酸/丙烯酸的质量比为1:1:2。
进一步的,水悬浮液的配置方法为:将2~8份坡缕石和2~8份壳聚糖季铵盐混合粉体加入到100份去离子水中配成水悬浮液。
进一步的,冷却并调节pH值至6~7后;用过量乙醇沉淀,过滤洗涤,将沉淀用去离子水溶解后用乙醇沉淀,过滤洗涤,重复数次至干燥后恒重,得到接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐。
本发明还提供上述抗菌剂在纺织面料中的应用。
现有的抗菌剂研究表明,无论哪一种抗菌材料,其单独使用时都存在不足之处。针对现有技术中存在的缺陷和不足,本发明利用甲基丙烯酸甲酯,马来酸酐,过硫酸钠,油酸,乙醇,碳酸氢钠,碳酸钠,钛酸四丁酯、壳聚糖季铵盐、坡缕石,硫酸铜/硝酸银,聚丙烯酸制得有机/无机复合抗菌剂,存在一定的协同作用,具有长效抗菌耐水洗的优点。该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)取140份混合溶剂(混合溶剂为无水乙醇、油酸按体积比12:3混合而成)、40份钛酸四丁酯、22份水、20份混合单体(甲基丙烯酸甲酯、马来酸酐按质量比7:1~3混合而成)、11份添加颗粒(硫酸锶、碳酸钠按质量比7:3~5混合而成)、10份辅助剂(碳酸氢钠,碳酸氢铵中的任意一种)、8份引发剂(过硫酸钠,过硫酸铵中的任意一种),首先将混合溶剂、钛酸四丁酯放入反应釜中,使用氮气保护,在50~60℃预热30~40min。
(2)待预热结束后,加入混合单体、添加颗粒及引发剂(过硫酸钠或过硫酸铵中的任意一种),升温至133~140℃,搅拌反应4~6h,降温45℃~48℃,加入辅助剂(碳酸氢钠,碳酸氢铵中的任意一种),混合均匀,静置3~5h,出料,冷冻干燥,收集干燥物。
(3)将冷冻干燥物放入煅烧炉中在400~550℃进行煅烧2h,粉碎,充分研磨,收集研磨颗粒即制得高活性纳米二氧化钛颗粒。
(4)壳聚糖季铵盐接枝羧基基团:分别将2~8份坡缕石和2~8份壳聚糖季铵盐混合粉体加入到100份去离子水中配成水悬浮液,在65℃下搅拌30~40min,随后加入引发剂(过硫酸钠,过硫酸铵中的任意一种)搅拌10min后,缓缓滴加2.5~10份聚丙烯酸或丙烯酸任意一种,采用超声处理2~4小时;冷却后,用质量分数为10%的NaOH溶液调节产物pH值至6~7;用过量乙醇沉淀,过滤洗涤,将沉淀用去离子水溶解后用乙醇沉淀,过滤洗涤,重复数次至干燥后恒重,得到接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐。
(5)将30~60份步骤(4)制备的接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐加入100份去离子水中,再加入3份聚丙烯酸分散剂超声30~40min,随后加入0.5~1份硫酸铜或硝酸银搅拌均匀,最后加入步骤(3)制备的10~30份高活性纳米二氧化钛颗粒,在50℃下搅拌30~40min后最终制备出长效抗菌耐水洗抗菌剂。
本发明首先利用以混合单体作为原料,在引发剂的作用下,进行聚合,形成微球,使用钛酸四丁酯作为基础料,在一定作用下,反应形成纳米二氧化钛沉积在微球表面,再利用油酸进行包裹,提高分散性,随后通过煅烧,使其形成表面多孔,内部中空的高活性二氧化钛颗粒。其次利用聚丙烯酸或丙烯酸接枝壳聚糖季铵盐,使壳聚糖季铵盐表面富含有羧基基团,同时以聚丙烯酸作为分散剂将其与高活性二氧化钛颗粒和硝酸银或硫酸铜混合溶液搅拌均匀,制备得出长效抗菌耐水洗抗菌剂。
有益效果
本发明首先通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯,马来酸酐,过硫酸钠,油酸,乙醇,碳酸氢钠,碳酸钠,纳米二氧化钛制备出表面多孔,内部中空的高活性二氧化钛颗粒,提高了该抗菌剂的附着吸附性和抗菌性能。然后壳聚糖季铵盐接枝聚丙烯酸负载铜离子,提高了该抗菌剂的抗菌性能。坡缕石具有优良的胶体性能、吸附性能和催化性能可大大提高硫酸铜的吸附能力以及抗菌性能。聚丙烯酸是胶状具有优异的粘附性能,富含有大量羧基可以提高二氧化钛的附着力,同时可作为二氧化钛和硝酸银或硫酸铜良好的分散剂,提高抗菌性能以及耐水洗性能。
将所制备的抗菌剂按添加量5-10%,加入至混纺中,进行制备纺织面料,参照纺织行业FZ/T73023-2006《抗菌针织品》标准进行抗菌检测,水洗50次后对大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,白色念珠菌抗菌率均可达到99%。
具体实施方式
实施例1~3
一种抗菌剂,所述抗菌剂的原料包括以下质量份数的组分:
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
聚丙烯酸 | 2.5 | 5 | 10 |
硫酸铜/硝酸银 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1 |
高活性纳米二氧化钛颗粒 | 15 | 20 | 30 |
其制备方法如下:
(1)按重量份数计,取140份混合溶剂、40份钛酸四丁酯、22份水、20份混合单体、11份添加颗粒、10份辅助剂、8份引发剂。首先将混合溶剂、钛酸四丁酯放入反应釜中,使用氮气保护,在55℃预热35min。
(2)待预热结束后,加入混合单体、添加颗粒及引发剂(过硫酸钠或过硫酸铵中的任意一种),升温至133℃,搅拌反应5h,降温至48℃,加入辅助剂(碳酸氢钠,碳酸氢铵中的任意一种)碳酸氢钠,混合均匀,静置4h,出料,冷冻干燥,收集干燥物。
(3)将冷冻干燥物放入煅烧炉中在450℃进行煅烧2h,粉碎充分研磨,收集研磨颗粒即制得高活性纳米二氧化钛颗粒。
(4)壳聚糖季铵盐接枝羧基基团:分别将2~8份坡缕石和2~8份壳聚糖季铵盐混合粉体加入到100份去离子水中配成水悬浮液,在65℃下搅拌30~40min,随后加入引发剂(过硫酸钠,过硫酸铵中的任意一种)搅拌10min后,缓缓滴加2.5~10份聚丙烯酸或丙烯酸任意一种,采用超声处理2~4小时;冷却后,用质量分数为10%的NaOH溶液调节产物pH值至6~7;用过量乙醇沉淀,过滤洗涤,将沉淀用去离子水溶解后用乙醇沉淀,过滤洗涤,重复数次至干燥后恒重,得到接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐。
(5)将30~60份步骤(4)制备的接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐加入100份去离子水中,再加入2.5~10份聚丙烯酸分散剂超声30~40min,随后加入0.5~1份硫酸铜或硝酸银搅拌均匀,最后加入步骤(3)制备的10~30份高活性纳米二氧化钛颗粒,在50℃下搅拌30~40min后最终制备出长效抗菌耐水洗抗菌剂。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种抗菌剂的制备方法,除了去掉步骤(4)中的壳聚糖季铵盐接枝羧基基团步骤,并将步骤(5)中添加的“接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐”替换为“壳聚糖季铵盐”,其他条件和实施例1完全相同。
对比例2
本对比例提供了一种抗菌剂的制备方法,除了去掉步骤(4)中的壳聚糖季铵盐接枝羧基基团步骤,并将步骤(5)中添加的“接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐”替换为“壳聚糖”,其他条件和实施例1完全相同。
对比例3
本实施例提供了一种抗菌剂的制备方法,除了步骤(5)中未添加硫酸铜/硫酸银,其他条件和实施例1完全相同。
对比例4
本实施例提供了一种抗菌剂的制备方法,除了步骤(5)中未采用聚丙烯酸作为分散剂,其他条件和实施例1完全相同。
对比例5
本实施例提供了一种抗菌剂的制备方法,除了步骤(4)中未采用坡缕石,其他条件和实施例1完全相同。
对比例6
本实施例提供了一种抗菌剂的制备方法,除了去掉步骤(1)~(3),步骤(5)中添加的“高活性纳米二氧化钛颗粒”改为市售普通的25nm“纳米二氧化钛”,其他条件和实施例1完全相同。
对比例7
本实施例提供了一种抗菌剂的制备方法,除了去掉步骤(1)~(3),步骤(5)中未采用纳米二氧化钛颗粒,其他条件和实施例1完全相同。
将上述实施例和对比例所述抗菌剂按照添加量5%加入纺织面料中,并按照纺织行业FZ/T73023-2006《抗菌针织品》标准进行抗菌检测,结果如下:
将上述实施例和对比例所述抗菌剂按照添加量5%加入纺织面料中,水洗50次后,并按照纺织行业FZ/T73023-2006《抗菌针织品》标准进行抗菌检测,结果如下:
由上述数据可知,本发明所述抗菌剂加入纺织面料中,水洗50次后对大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,白色念珠菌抗菌率均可达到99%。
由实施例1~3与对比例1~4对比可知,接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐相对于壳聚糖季铵盐,壳聚糖季铵盐接枝聚丙烯酸负载铜/银离子,提高了该抗菌剂的抗菌性能。坡缕石具有优良的胶体性能、吸附性能和催化性能可大大提高硫酸铜的吸附能力以及抗菌性能。聚丙烯酸是胶状具有优异的粘附性能,富含有大量羧基可以提高二氧化钛的附着力,提高抗菌性能以及耐水洗性能。采用本发明所述的原料及步骤可以使水洗后的纺织产品抗菌效果达到最好的效果。由实施例1~3与对比例6~7对比可知,采用本发明的制备方法可以得到内部中空的高活性二氧化钛颗粒,提高了该抗菌剂的附着吸附性和抗菌性能,从而在多次水洗的条件下,本发明所述的抗菌剂依然具有较好的吸附性,从而获得持久的抗菌效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗菌剂,其特征在于,所述抗菌剂的原料包括以下质量份数的组分:壳聚糖季铵盐30~60份、聚丙烯酸2.5~10份、硫酸铜/硝酸银0.5~1份和纳米二氧化钛颗粒10~30份;所述壳聚糖季铵盐接枝有羧基基团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌剂制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐加入去离子水中,再加入分散剂聚丙烯酸,然后超声处理,随后加入硫酸铜或硝酸银搅拌均匀,并加入纳米二氧化钛颗粒,搅拌后得到该抗菌剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的抗菌剂制备方法,其特征在于,加入纳米二氧化钛颗粒后,在50℃下搅拌30~40min。
4.根据权利要求2所述的抗菌剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米二氧化钛颗粒由以下质量份数的原料制备而成:
130~150份混合溶剂、30~50份钛酸四丁酯、20~23份水、18~22份混合单体、10~12份添加颗粒、9~12份辅助剂、6~9份引发剂;所述混合溶剂为无水乙醇、油酸按体积比12:2~4混合而成;所述混合单体为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、马来酸酐按质量比7:1~3混合而成;所述添加颗粒为硫酸锶、碳酸钠按质量比7:3~5混合而成;所述辅助剂为碳酸氢钠,碳酸氢铵中的任意一种;所述引发剂为过硫酸钠,过硫酸铵中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗菌剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米二氧化钛颗粒的制备方法为:
将混合溶剂、钛酸四丁酯放入反应釜中,使用氮气保护,在50~60℃预热30~40min;
加入混合单体、添加颗粒和引发剂,升温至133~140℃,搅拌反应4~6h,降温至45~48℃,再加入辅助剂,混合均匀,静置3~5h,出料,冷冻干燥,收集干燥物;
将冷冻干燥物放入煅烧炉中在400~550℃进行煅烧2h,充分研磨,收集研磨颗粒得到纳米二氧化钛颗粒。
6.根据权利要求2所述的抗菌剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐制备方法为:将坡缕石和壳聚糖季铵盐混合粉体加入去离子水中配成水悬浮液,随后加入引发剂搅拌后滴加聚丙烯酸或丙烯酸,超声处理并调节pH值,用过量乙醇沉淀,将沉淀过滤洗涤,干燥后恒重,得到接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐。
7.根据权利要求6所述的抗菌剂制备方法,其特征在于,坡缕石、壳聚糖季铵和聚丙烯酸/丙烯酸的质量比为1:1:2。
8.根据权利要求6所述的抗菌剂制备方法,其特征在于,水悬浮液的配置方法为:将2~8份坡缕石和2~8份壳聚糖季铵盐混合粉体加入到100份去离子水中配成水悬浮液。
9.根据权利要求6所述的抗菌剂制备方法,其特征在于,冷却并调节pH值至6~7后;用过量乙醇沉淀,过滤洗涤,将沉淀用去离子水溶解后用乙醇沉淀,过滤洗涤,重复数次至干燥后恒重,得到接枝有羧基基团的壳聚糖季铵盐。
10.权利要求1所述的抗菌剂在纺织面料中的应用。
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