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CN113788689A - 一种含钽型高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含钽型高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113788689A
CN113788689A CN202111122477.3A CN202111122477A CN113788689A CN 113788689 A CN113788689 A CN 113788689A CN 202111122477 A CN202111122477 A CN 202111122477A CN 113788689 A CN113788689 A CN 113788689A
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ceramic cup
tantalum
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朱媛媛
杨建�
陈智慧
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Changzhou University
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Abstract

本发明属于耐火材料领域,具体涉及一种含钽型高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料及其制备方法。耐火材料按重量百分含量其组成为:棕刚玉65‑80%,碳化硅5‑25%,片状氧化铝粉2‑10%,结合黏土1‑5%,五氧化二钽1‑4%;另外加入总原料重量2‑4%的结合剂。本发明耐火材料,引入超细氧化钽粉体,该材料在高温、高压和强还原的条件下形成的立方相TaCy均匀分散在制品基质中,且TaCy强的共价键属性和极低的自扩散系数使陶瓷杯制品具有更加优异的耐压强度、荷重软化温度和高温抗热震性能。另外,加入片状氧化铝改善陶瓷杯的断裂韧性。利用碳化钽和片状氧化铝的协同作用,有望明显提高炉体的使用寿命。

Description

一种含钽型高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料领域,具体涉及一种含钽型高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
“陶瓷杯”是在炉底炉缸的炭质炉衬内侧砌筑一定厚度的高荷软、低导热、耐磨损、抗侵蚀的陶瓷质耐火砌体。高炉生产时,由于陶瓷炉衬的隔热、保温作用,渣铁直接接触陶瓷炉衬,既减少了通过炉衬的热损失,又保护了炭砖,使碳砖避开800℃到1100℃的脆性断裂区。陶瓷杯的隔热、保温作用可以减少炉缸热损失,提高渣铁温度,有利于高炉休风后炉况的恢复,并提高炉缸的寿命。为了进一步提高高炉的使用寿命,研究者们对“陶瓷杯”的材料进行了不断地改进。例如,利用β-Sialon结合刚玉砖作为高炉炉缸陶瓷杯的耐火材料,增强刚玉砖的机械性能、抗热震性以及抗铁水熔损性能。另外,对陶瓷杯的维护技术也在不断更新。例如通过引入含钛矿物的方式,使氧化钛在炉内高温还原气氛下,部分生成Ti的碳化物或氮化物固溶体,这些高熔点物质与铁水及铁水中析出的石墨碳混合,沉积于炉缸受侵蚀部位的工作面或砖缝中,起到保护缸体的作用。
但是现有的耐火材料仍存在强度不够,和耐火性能较差的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的高炉陶瓷杯耐火材料及其制备方法,以解决背景技术中提出的问题。利用本发明技术方案使陶瓷杯获得更高的强度和韧性,提高炉体寿命。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种新型的陶瓷杯耐火材料,以重量百分含量表示,所述新型陶瓷杯耐火材料原料组成中含有棕刚玉65-80%,碳化硅5-25%,片状氧化铝粉2-10%,结合黏土1-5%(广西白泥),五氧化二钽1-4%;另外加入上述总原料重量2-4%的结合剂。
根据上述的陶瓷杯耐火材料,所述的棕刚玉的粒度小于5mm;
碳化硅的粒度小于5mm,其中,碳化硅的含量≧90%
根据上述的陶瓷杯耐火材料,所述五氧化二钽的粒度为0.5μm-5μm,优选的五氧化二钽的粒度为0.5μm-2μm。
根据上述的陶瓷杯耐火材料,所述片状氧化铝粉中氧化铝的含量≧99%;片状氧化铝的直径为0.5-5μm,厚度为0.2-0.5μm,径厚比为2.5-20;优选的,径厚比为8-12。
根据上述的陶瓷杯耐火材料,所述结合黏土为广西白泥,其中,氧化铝的含量≧30%;优选的,结合黏土的含量为1-2%。
根据上述的陶瓷杯耐火材料,所述结合剂由磺酸盐和木质素组成,且磺酸盐和木质素的质量比为1:1。
本发明还提供一种上述含钽型高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)、混料:按照上述含钽型高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料的原料组成比例称取原料,将棕刚玉和碳化硅共磨均匀后,加入结合剂混碾5-8分钟;再加入片状氧化铝、五氧化二钽和结合黏土(广西白泥)混碾10-20分钟,制得混合均匀的湿料。
(2)、成型:将步骤(1)所得的成型湿料在200-300MPa压力下压制成砖坯;
(3)、干燥:将步骤(2)所得砖坯至于干燥窑中进行干燥,以3-5℃/min的升温速率升温至110-150℃,保温15-25h;
(4)、烧成:将步骤(3)干燥后的砖坯采用高温隧道窑进行烧成,烧成制度为:初始温度为300℃,保持该温度30-60min后,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,并保温60min,再以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1450℃-1600℃,保温12-18h,烧成后自然冷却至60℃以下出窑。
本发明的有益效果:
1.本发明产品含钽型陶瓷杯制品在传统陶瓷杯的基础上,引入超细氧化钽粉体,超细五氧化二钽在高温、高压和强还原的条件下形成的立方相TaCy(y=0.8-1.0)均匀分散在制品基质中,TaCy强的共价键属性和极低的自扩散系数使陶瓷杯制品具有更加优异的耐压强度、荷重软化温度和高温抗热震性能。
2.本发明将片状氧化铝作为第二相增韧剂加入到陶瓷杯中,当高炉高温运行时,裂纹尖端应力和热膨胀的各向异性张应力相互作用。在裂纹尖端区域产生的微裂纹可以使裂纹沿基体和片状晶粒间的界面发生偏转,消耗了促使裂纹扩展的能量,通过桥连作用产生增韧效果,提高陶瓷杯的断裂韧性,延长炉体的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例进一步阐述本发明,但并不限制本发明的内容。
实施例1:
本发明新型的陶瓷杯耐火材料,以重量百分含量表示,其原料组成为:棕刚玉75%,碳化硅12%,片状氧化铝粉5%,结合黏土4%,五氧化二钽4%;加入上述总重量3%的结合剂。五氧化二钽的粒度为2.0μm-4.0μm。片状氧化铝的粒径为1.0-2.0μm,径厚比为5.0;结合剂由磺酸盐和木质素组成,且磺酸盐和木质素的质量比为1:1。
制备步骤为:
(1)、混料:将棕刚玉和碳化硅共磨均匀后,加入结合剂混碾6分钟;再加入片状氧化铝、五氧化二钽和结合黏土混碾15分钟,制得混合均匀的湿料。
(2)、成型:将步骤(1)所得的成型湿料在200压力下压制成砖坯;
(3)、干燥:将步骤(2)所得砖坯至于干燥窑中进行干燥,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至120℃,保温20h;
(4)、烧成:将步骤(3)干燥后的砖坯采用高温隧道窑进行烧成,烧成制度为:初始温度为300℃,保持该温度45min后,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,并保温60min,再以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1550℃,保温15h,烧成后自然冷却至60℃以下取出。
实施例2:
本发明新型的陶瓷杯耐火材料,以重量百分含量表示,其原料组成为:棕刚玉70%,碳化硅15%,片状氧化铝粉8%,结合黏土4%,五氧化二钽3%;加入上述总重量3%的结合剂。五氧化二钽的粒度为2.0μm-4.0μm。片状氧化铝的粒径为2.0-3.0μm,径厚比为5.0;结合剂由磺酸盐和木质素组成,且磺酸盐和木质素的配比为1:1。
制备步骤为:
(1)、混料:将棕刚玉和碳化硅共磨均匀后,加入结合剂混碾6分钟;再加入片状氧化铝、五氧化二钽和结合黏土混碾15分钟,制得混合均匀的湿料。
(2)、成型:将步骤(1)所得的成型湿料在200压力下压制成砖坯;
(3)、干燥:将步骤(2)所得砖坯至于干燥窑中进行干燥,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至120℃,保温20h;
(4)、烧成:将步骤(3)干燥后的砖坯采用高温隧道窑进行烧成,烧成制度为:初始温度为300℃,保持该温度45min后,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,并保温60min,再以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1550℃,保温15h,烧成后自然冷却至60℃以下取出。
实施例3:
本发明新型的陶瓷杯耐火材料,以重量百分含量表示,其原料组成为:棕刚玉65%,碳化硅20%,片状氧化铝粉10%,结合黏土4%,五氧化二钽1%;加入上述总重量3%的结合剂。五氧化二钽的粒度为1.0μm-2.0μm。片状氧化铝的粒径为3.0-5.0μm,径厚比为15;结合剂由磺酸盐和木质素组成,且磺酸盐和木质素的配比为1:1。
制备步骤为:
(1)、混料:将棕刚玉和碳化硅共磨均匀后,加入结合剂混碾6分钟;再加入片状氧化铝、五氧化二钽和结合黏土混碾15分钟,制得混合均匀的湿料。
(2)、成型:将步骤(1)所得的成型湿料在200压力下压制成砖坯;
(3)、干燥:将步骤(2)所得砖坯至于干燥窑中进行干燥,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至120℃,保温20h;
(4)、烧成:将步骤(3)干燥后的砖坯采用高温隧道窑进行烧成,烧成制度为:初始温度为300℃,保持该温度45min后,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,并保温60min,再以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1550℃,保温15h,烧成后自然冷却至60℃以下取出。
实施例4:
本发明新型的陶瓷杯耐火材料,以重量百分含量表示,其原料组成为:棕刚玉70%,碳化硅15%,片状氧化铝粉8%,结合黏土4%,五氧化二钽3%;另外加入上述总原料重量3%的结合剂。五氧化二钽的粒度为1.0μm-2.0μm。片状氧化铝的粒径为2.0-3.0μm,径厚比为10;结合剂由磺酸盐和木质素组成,且磺酸盐和木质素的配比为1:1。
制备步骤为:
(1)、混料:将棕刚玉和碳化硅共磨均匀后,加入结合剂混碾6分钟;再加入片状氧化铝、五氧化二钽和结合黏土混碾15分钟,制得混合均匀的湿料。
(2)、成型:将步骤(1)所得的成型湿料在200压力下压制成砖坯;
(3)、干燥:将步骤(2)所得砖坯至于干燥窑中进行干燥,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至120℃,保温20h;
(4)、烧成:将步骤(3)干燥后的砖坯采用高温隧道窑进行烧成,烧成制度为:初始温度为300℃,保持该温度45min后,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,并保温60min,再以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1550℃,保温15h,烧成后自然冷却至60℃以下取出。
实施例5:
本发明新型的陶瓷杯耐火材料,以重量百分含量表示,其原料组成为:棕刚玉70%,碳化硅15%,片状氧化铝粉8%,结合黏土4%,五氧化二钽3%;另外加入上述总原料重量3%的结合剂。五氧化二钽的粒度为1.0μm-2.0μm。片状氧化铝的粒径为2.0-3.0μm,径厚比为10;结合剂由磺酸盐和木质素组成,且磺酸盐和木质素的配比为1:1。
制备步骤为:
(1)、混料:将棕刚玉和碳化硅共磨均匀后,加入结合剂混碾6分钟;再加入片状氧化铝、五氧化二钽和结合黏土混碾15分钟,制得混合均匀的湿料。
(2)、成型:将步骤(1)所得的成型湿料在200压力下压制成砖坯;
(3)、干燥:将步骤(2)所得砖坯至于干燥窑中进行干燥,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至120℃,保温20h;
(4)、烧成:将步骤(3)干燥后的砖坯采用高温隧道窑进行烧成,烧成制度为:初始温度为300℃,保持该温度45min后,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,并保温60min,再以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1450℃,保温15h,烧成后自然冷却至60℃以下取出。
对照例1
本发明新型的陶瓷杯耐火材料,以重量百分含量表示,其原料组成为:棕刚玉73%,碳化硅15%,片状氧化铝粉8%,结合黏土4%,;另外加入上述总原料重量3%的结合剂。片状氧化铝的粒径为2.0-3.0μm,径厚比为10;结合剂由磺酸盐和木质素组成,且磺酸盐和木质素的配比为1:1。
制备步骤与本发明实施例4相同。
对照例2
本发明新型的陶瓷杯耐火材料,以重量百分含量表示,其原料组成为:棕刚玉75%,碳化硅18%,结合黏土4%,五氧化二钽3%;另外加入上述总原料重量3%的结合剂。五氧化二钽的粒度为1.0μm-2.0μm。片状氧化铝的粒径为2.0-3.0μm,径厚比为10;结合剂由磺酸盐和木质素组成,且磺酸盐和木质素的配比为1:1。
制备步骤与本发明实施例4相同。
对照例3
本发明新型的陶瓷杯耐火材料,以重量百分含量表示,其原料组成为:棕刚玉70%,碳化硅15%,片状氧化铝粉8%,结合黏土4%,五氧化二钽3%;另外加入上述总原料重量3%的结合剂。五氧化二钽的粒度为100nm-400nm。片状氧化铝的粒径为2.0-3.0μm,径厚比为10;结合剂由磺酸盐和木质素组成,且磺酸盐和木质素的配比为1:1。
制备步骤与本发明实施例4相同。
本发明实施例1-5以及对照例1-3所得产品陶瓷杯的性能技术指标,详见表1。
表1本发明实施例1-5和对照例所得产品陶瓷杯的性能技术指标
Figure BDA0003277455440000081

Claims (6)

1.一种含钽型高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料,其特征在于,所述耐火材料按重量百分含量其组成为:棕刚玉65-80%,碳化硅5-25%,片状氧化铝粉2-10%,结合黏土1-5%,五氧化二钽1-4%;另外加入上述总原料重量2-4%的结合剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料,其特征在于,所述五氧化二钽的粒度为0.5μm-5μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料,其特征在于,所述片状氧化铝粉中氧化铝的含量≧99%;氧化铝的粒径为0.5-5μm,厚度为0.2-0.5μm,径厚比为2.5-20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料,其特征在于,所述结合剂由磺酸盐和木质素组成,且磺酸盐和木质素的质量比为1:1。
5.一种根据权利要求1所述的高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法步骤如下:
(1)、混料:按照配比称取原料,将棕刚玉和碳化硅共磨均匀后,加入结合剂混碾5-8分钟;再加入片状氧化铝、五氧化二钽和结合黏土混碾10-20分钟,制得混合均匀的湿料;
(2)、成型:将步骤(1)所得的成型湿料在200-300MPa压力下压制成砖坯;
(3)、干燥:将步骤(2)所得砖坯置于干燥窑中进行干燥,以3-5℃/min的升温速率升温至110-150℃,保温15-25h;
(4)、烧成:将步骤(3)干燥后的砖坯采用高温隧道窑进行烧成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高炉陶瓷杯用耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述烧成制度为:初始温度为300℃,保持该温度30-60min后,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,并保温60min,再以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1450℃-1600℃,保温12-18h,烧成后自然冷却至60℃以下出窑。
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