CN113710643A - 含硼的改性离子液体 - Google Patents
含硼的改性离子液体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113710643A CN113710643A CN201980091091.5A CN201980091091A CN113710643A CN 113710643 A CN113710643 A CN 113710643A CN 201980091091 A CN201980091091 A CN 201980091091A CN 113710643 A CN113710643 A CN 113710643A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- aryloxy
- metal salt
- cation
- containing compound
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- -1 onium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical group COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002373 5 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004070 6 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical group C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical group C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical group C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepane Chemical group C1CCCNCC1 ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005684 open-chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical group [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical group [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims 2
- ODPYDILFQYARBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-thiabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC2=C1 ODPYDILFQYARBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Substances C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LOOCNDFTHKSTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloropropyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)OP(O)(O)=O LOOCNDFTHKSTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZKXDEWNLDOXQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphinine Chemical compound N1=PN=PN=P1 DZKXDEWNLDOXQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KANZWHBYRHQMKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylpyrazine Chemical compound C=CC1=CN=CC=N1 KANZWHBYRHQMKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTYXUWCJYMNDQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylpyridazine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CN=N1 DTYXUWCJYMNDQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PILOAHJGFSXUAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F PILOAHJGFSXUAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrostilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZDUKJFITJDKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(ethenylamino)cyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound C=CNC1(O)CCCCC1 IZDUKJFITJDKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methylpyrrole Chemical compound CN1C=CC=C1 OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCCC1=O JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVKPOEIKEBFDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazetidin-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCC1=O SVKPOEIKEBFDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZXUXGOZWYSJTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) carbonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZXUXGOZWYSJTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UJBMYRVRCINZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enyl furan-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C=CCCOC(=O)c1ccco1 UJBMYRVRCINZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJBYUPBUSUVUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;carbonic acid Chemical compound C=CC=C.OC(O)=O CJBYUPBUSUVUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGBRNKNLPWBBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;sulfuric acid Chemical compound C=CC=C.OS(O)(=O)=O CGBRNKNLPWBBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001914 chlorine tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HEOKFDGOFROELJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetal Natural products COc1ccc(C=C/c2cc(O)cc(OC3OC(COC(=O)c4cc(O)c(O)c(O)c4)C(O)C(O)C3O)c2)cc1O HEOKFDGOFROELJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- IYNRVIKPUTZSOR-HWKANZROSA-N ethenyl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC=C IYNRVIKPUTZSOR-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFYWKOUKJFCBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC=C FFYWKOUKJFCBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC=C BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDJQBKJWCBEDAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl furan-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CO1 UDJQBKJWCBEDAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YTHRBPGWYGAQGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YTHRBPGWYGAQGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SACILZPKPGCHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SACILZPKPGCHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVERQDOCMNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ARUVERQDOCMNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIQAXIMIQJNOKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F NIQAXIMIQJNOKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(O)(O)=O ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002946 graphitized mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- GZJQAHYLPINVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F GZJQAHYLPINVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQOUFURVFJFHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WQOUFURVFJFHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(O)=O CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCAOGXRUJFKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-5-nitropyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 UCAOGXRUJFKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZREFDEBAZWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyloxetan-2-amine Chemical compound C=CNC1CCO1 FUZREFDEBAZWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBLXJASFPJBDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyloxolan-2-amine Chemical compound C=CNC1CCCO1 KBLXJASFPJBDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- URUUZIAJVSGYRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxan-3-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCOC1 URUUZIAJVSGYRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical compound OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WTGUYKZOYRADER-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxy-bis(propylsulfanyl)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCOP(=S)(SCCC)SCCC WTGUYKZOYRADER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNRWTCZXQWOWIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(trimethylsilyl) silicate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C VNRWTCZXQWOWIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYIKUOULKCEZDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NYIKUOULKCEZDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVYKQOAMZCAHRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F AVYKQOAMZCAHRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQQKTCBMKQQOSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylsulfanylbenzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)SC1=CC=CC=C1 YQQKTCBMKQQOSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LINXHFKHZLOLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LINXHFKHZLOLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCOP(=O)(OCCC)OCCC RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDOOXJCSVYVMQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZDOOXJCSVYVMQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEVFLQDDNUQKRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-methylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)OC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 FEVFLQDDNUQKRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZNDMMGBXUYFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(dodecylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSP(SCCCCCCCCCCCC)SCCCCCCCCCCCC JZNDMMGBXUYFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) borate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OB(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/022—Boron compounds without C-boron linkages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/04—Esters of boric acids
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
本公开内容涉及硼改性的离子液体化合物、其合成以及包含所述硼改性的离子液体化合物的电化学电池电解质。
Description
交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年12月21日提交的美国临时专利申请序列No.62/783,380的提交日的权益,将其全部通过引用由此引入。
技术领域
本公开内容涉及其阳离子包括硼部分的离子液体和包含所述离子液体的用于电化学电池的电解质。
背景技术
室温离子液体(IL)的合成和电化学分析方面的最新进展确立了这类独特材料作为下一代锂离子电池的电解质的前景。IL是熔点低于100℃的有机盐,并且通常由大体积阳离子和无机阴离子组成。大的阳离子尺寸允许电荷的离域和屏蔽,导致晶格能的降低和由此熔点或玻璃化转变温度的降低。IL具有独特的物理化学性质,例如可忽略的蒸气压、不可燃性、良好的室温离子传导性、宽的电化学窗口、以及有利的化学和热稳定性。这些性质对于提供用于锂电池的基于IL的电解质是理想的。
然而,在滥用条件下或者甚至在正常条件下仍存在锂离子电池的安全性挑战诸如可燃性。Yoon等的美国专利No.8,304,118教导了包含基于硼的非水溶剂的电解质组合物的使用,但没有提到使用离子液体或共价键合至包含硼的部分的离子液体。因此,需要将具有阻燃能力的新型离子液体引入锂离子电池中。此外,需要扩展工作电压以从Li离子正极提取更多容量。然而,当前一代电解质在4.2V以上是不稳定的。
发明内容
本公开内容涉及离子液体,其包括阴离子和阳离子,其中所述阳离子具有至少一个硼部分。
根据本公开内容的一方面,提供用于电存储装置中的电解质,所述电解质包括非质子有机溶剂、金属盐、添加剂和包含至少一个硼部分的离子液体化合物,其中所述金属盐的阳离子是铝或镁或者碱金属盐,例如锂或钠。
根据本公开内容的另一方面,提供电存储装置中的电解质,所述电解质包括非质子有机溶剂、金属盐、添加剂和包含至少一个硼部分的离子液体化合物,其中所述有机溶剂为开链或环状碳酸酯、羧酸酯、亚硝酸酯、醚、砜、亚砜、酮、内酯、二氧戊环、甘醇二甲醚、冠醚、硅氧烷、磷酸酯、磷酸酯(盐)(phosphate)、亚磷酸酯、单或多磷腈/或其混合物,其中所述金属盐的阳离子是铝或镁或者碱金属盐,例如锂或钠。
根据本公开内容的另一方面,提供电存储装置中的电解质,所述电解质包括非质子有机溶剂、金属盐、添加剂和包含至少一个磷部分的离子液体化合物,其中所述金属盐的阳离子是铝或镁或者碱金属盐,例如锂或钠。
根据本公开内容的另一方面,提供电存储装置中的电解质,所述电解质包括非质子有机溶剂、金属盐、添加剂和包含至少一个磷部分的离子液体化合物,其中所述添加剂包括含硫化合物、含磷化合物、含硼化合物、含硅化合物、含有至少一个不饱和碳-碳键的化合物、羧酸酐或其混合物,其中所述金属盐的阳离子是铝或镁或者碱金属盐,例如锂或钠。
本公开内容的这些和其他方面在阅读以下的详细描述和所附的权利要求时将变得明晰。
具体实施方式
本公开内容涉及包括至少一种阳离子和至少一种阴离子的离子液体化合物,其中所述至少一种阳离子与至少一个硼部分共价结合。
在实施方式中,电存储装置电解质包括:a)非质子有机溶剂体系;b)金属盐;c)添加剂;和d)包含至少一种阳离子和至少一种阴离子的离子液体化合物,其中所述至少一种阳离子与至少一个硼部分共价结合,其中所述金属盐的阳离子是铝或镁或者碱金属盐,例如锂或钠。
在实施方式中,离子液体化合物包括:阴离子;和根据下式连接至硼部分的阳离子:
其中:CAT+是吡咯烷鎓、哌啶鎓、氮杂环庚烷鎓、鎓、锍、鏻、咪唑鎓、吡啶或具有1至3个杂原子作为环成员的5-或6-元杂环,所述杂原子包括氮、氧、硅或硫;R1和R2独立地为CAT+、甲基、或C2-C8烷基、烯基、烷氧基、芳基、炔基、烷基甲硅烷氧基、苯基、苄基、甲硅烷基、硫醚、亚砜、偶氮、氨基或硅烷基团,其中,其中的任何碳原子或氢原子任选地进一步被以下取代:卤化物(卤素)、烷基、烯基、烷氧基、芳基、炔基、烷基甲硅烷氧基、苯基、苄基、甲硅烷基、硫醚、亚砜、偶氮、氨基或硅烷;并且X1、X2和X3独立地为(a)连接体,包括亚甲基、C2-C8烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、酯、羰基、苯基、硫醚、亚砜、偶氮或芳基,其中,其中的任何碳原子或氢原子任选地进一步被卤化物(卤素)取代;(b)O、S、N或C;或者(c)连接至所述连接体的O、S、N或C。
根据本公开内容的合适的阴离子包括,但不限于,卤根(例如Cl、Br)、硝酸根(例如NO3)、磷酸根(例如PF6、TFOP)、酰亚胺(例如TFSI、BETI)、硼酸根(例如,BOB、BF4)、铝酸根、砷根(arsenide)、氰根、硫氰酸根、亚硝酸根、苯甲酸根、碳酸根、氯酸根、亚氯酸根、铬酸根、硫酸根、亚硫酸根、硅酸根、硫代硫酸根、硫族根(硫属根)、磷族根(磷属根,pnictogenide)、草酸根、乙酸根、甲酸根或氢氧根。
本公开内容还包括用于合成硼阳离子的方法、以及这样的官能化的阳离子在用于电化学电池的离子液体中的用途。这些化合物为电解质提供更大的热稳定性。
在一些实施方式中,除了所述离子液体之外,电解质还包括锂盐。可使用多种锂盐,包括,例如,Li[CF3CO2];Li[C2F5CO2];Li[ClO4];Li[BF4];Li[AsF6];Li[PF6];Li[PF2(C2O4)2];Li[PF4C2O4];Li[CF3SO3];Li[N(CP3SO2)2];Li[C(CF3SO2)3];Li[N(SO2C2F5)2];烷基氟磷酸锂;Li[B(C2O4)2];Li[BF2C2O4];Li2[B12Z12-jHj];Li2[B10X10-j'Hj’];或其任意两种或更多种的混合物,其中Z在每次出现时独立地为卤素,j为0至12的整数且j'为1至10的整数。
在本发明电解质的一些应用中,例如用于锂离子电池的配制物,将非质子溶剂与本发明离子液体组合以降低电解质的粘度并增加其传导性。最合适的非质子溶剂缺乏可交换的质子,包括环状碳酸酯、线性碳酸酯、磷酸酯、低聚醚取代的硅氧烷/硅烷、环状醚、链状醚、内酯化合物、链状酯、腈化合物、酰胺化合物、砜化合物、硅氧烷、磷酸酯、磷酸酯(盐)、亚磷酸盐、单或多磷腈等。这些溶剂可单独地使用,或者它们中的至少两种混合使用。用于形成电解质体系的非质子溶剂或载体的实例包括,但不限于,碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸乙丙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸双(三氟乙基)酯、碳酸双(五氟丙基)酯、碳酸三氟乙基甲基酯、碳酸五氟乙基甲基酯、碳酸七氟丙基甲基酯、碳酸全氟丁基甲基酯、碳酸三氟乙基乙基酯、碳酸五氟乙基乙基酯、碳酸七氟丙基乙基酯、碳酸全氟丁基乙基酯等、氟化的低聚物、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丁酯、二甲氧基乙烷、三甘醇二甲醚、碳酸二甲基亚乙烯酯、三缩四乙二醇、二甲醚、聚乙二醇、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三丁酯、六氟环三膦腈、2-乙氧基-2,4,4,6,6-五氟-1,3,5,2-5,4-5,6-5三氮杂三膦(环三磷腈)、亚磷酸三苯酯、环丁砜、二甲亚砜、乙基甲基砜、乙基乙烯基砜、烯丙基甲基砜、二乙烯基砜、氟苯基甲基砜和γ-丁内酯。
在一些实施方式中,所述电解质进一步包括添加剂以保护电极免于劣化。因此,本技术的电解质可包括在负极的表面上还原或聚合以在负极的表面上形成钝化膜的添加剂。同样,电解质可包括可在正极的表面上氧化或聚合以在正极的表面上形成钝化膜的添加剂。在一些实施方式中,本技术的电解质进一步包括所述两种类型添加剂的混合物。
在一些实施方式中,添加剂是取代或未取代的直链、支链或环状烃,其包括至少一个氧原子和至少一个芳基、烯基或炔基。由这样的添加剂形成的钝化膜也可由取代的芳基化合物或者取代或未取代的杂芳基化合物形成,其中添加剂包括至少一个氧原子。替代地,可使用两种添加剂的组合。在一些这样的实施方式中,一种离子和另一种添加剂对于钝化负极表面以防止或减少金属离子在负极处的还原可为选择性的。
代表性的添加剂包括乙二醛双(二烯丙基缩醛)、三缩四(乙二醇)二乙烯基醚、1,3,5-三烯丙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、1,3,5,7-四乙烯基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷、2,4,6-三烯丙氧基-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,2-二乙烯基糠酸酯、1,3-丁二烯碳酸酯、1-乙烯基氮杂环丁烷-2-酮、1-乙烯基氮杂环丙烷-2-酮、1-乙烯基哌啶-2-酮、1乙烯基吡咯烷-2-酮、2,4-二乙烯基-1,3-二烷、2-氨基-3-乙烯基环己酮、2-氨基-3-乙烯基环丙酮、2-氨基-4-乙烯基环丁酮、2-氨基-5-乙烯基环戊酮、2-芳氧基-环丙酮、2-乙烯基-[1,2]氧氮杂环丁烷、2乙烯基氨基环己醇、2-乙烯基氨基环丙酮、2-乙烯基氧杂环丁烷、2-乙烯基氧基-环丙酮、3-(N-乙烯基氨基)环己酮、3,5-二乙烯基糠酸酯、3-乙烯基氮杂环丁烷-2-酮、3乙烯基氮杂环丙烷-2-酮、3-乙烯基环丁酮、3-乙烯基环戊酮、3-乙烯基氧氮杂环丙烷、3-乙烯基氧杂环丁烷、3-乙烯基吡咯烷-2-酮、2-乙烯基-1,3-二氧戊环、丙烯醛二乙缩醛、丙烯醛二甲缩醛、4,4-二乙烯基-3-二氧戊环-2-酮、4-乙烯基四氢吡喃、5-乙烯基哌啶-3-酮、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、一氧化丁二烯、丁基-乙烯基-醚、二氢吡喃-3-酮、碳酸二乙烯基丁基酯、碳酸二乙烯基酯、巴豆酸二乙烯基酯、二乙烯基醚、碳酸二乙烯基亚乙酯、硅酸二乙烯基亚乙酯、硫酸二乙烯基亚乙酯、亚硫酸二乙烯基亚乙酯、二乙烯基甲氧基吡嗪、磷酸二乙烯基甲基酯、碳酸二乙烯基亚丙酯、磷酸乙酯、甲氧基-邻三联苯、磷酸甲酯、氧杂环丁烷-2-基-乙烯基胺、环氧乙烷基乙烯基胺、碳酸乙烯基酯、巴豆酸乙烯基酯、乙烯基环戊酮、2-糠酸乙烯基乙酯、碳酸乙烯基亚乙酯、硅酸乙烯基亚乙酯、硫酸乙烯基亚乙酯、亚硫酸乙烯基亚乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙烯基酯、磷酸乙烯基酯、2-糠酸乙烯基酯、乙烯基环丙酮、乙烯基环氧乙烷、β-乙烯基-γ-丁内酯或其任意两种或更多种的混合物。在一些实施方式中,添加剂可为被F、烷氧基、烯氧基、芳氧基、甲氧基、烯丙氧基或其组合取代的环三磷腈。例如,添加剂可为(二乙烯基)(甲氧基)(三氟)环三磷腈、(三乙烯基)(二氟)(甲氧基)环三磷腈、(乙烯基)(甲氧基)(四氟)环三磷腈、(芳氧基)(四氟)(甲氧基)环三磷腈或(二芳氧基)(三氟)(甲氧基)环三磷腈化合物或者两种或更多种这样的化合物的混合物。在一些实施方式中,添加剂是碳酸乙烯基亚乙酯、碳酸乙烯基酯或1,2-二苯基醚、或者任意两种或更多种这样的化合物的混合物。
其他代表性添加剂包括具有苯基、萘基、蒽基、吡咯基、唑基、呋喃基、吲哚基、咔唑基、咪唑基、噻吩基、氟化的碳酸酯、磺内酯、硫化物、酸酐、硅烷、甲硅烷氧基、磷酸酯或亚磷酸酯基团的化合物。例如,添加剂可为苯基三氟甲基硫醚、碳酸氟代亚乙酯、1,3,2-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物、1-丙烯1,3-磺内酯、1,3-丙烷磺内酯、1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮、4-[(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)甲基],1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮、4-[[2,2,2-三氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙氧基]甲基]-,甲基2,2,2-三氟乙基碳酸酯、九氟己基三乙氧基硅烷、八甲基三硅氧烷、甲基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷、四(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷、(十三氟-1,1,2,2-四氢辛基)三乙氧基硅烷、三(1H.1H-七氟丁基)磷酸酯、3,3,3-三氟丙基三(3,3,3-三氟丙基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷、(3,3,3-三氟丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、三氟甲磺酸三甲基甲硅烷基酯、硼酸三(三甲基甲硅烷基)酯、磷酸三丙酯、双(三甲基甲硅烷基甲基)苄基胺、苯基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷、1,3-双(三氟丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三(三甲基甲硅烷基)酯、磷酸三(1H.1H,5H-八氟戊基)酯、亚磷酸三苯酯、三硫代亚磷酸三月桂酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三对甲苯基酯、磷酸三(2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基)酯、琥珀酸酐、1,5,2,4-二氧二噻烷2,2,4,4-四氧化物、三硫代磷酸三丙基酯、芳氧基吡咯、硫酸芳氧基亚乙酯、芳氧基吡嗪、芳氧基-咔唑三乙烯基磷酸酯、2-糠酸芳氧基乙基酯、芳氧基-邻三联苯、芳氧基-哒嗪、丁基-芳氧基-醚、二乙烯基二苯基醚、(四氢呋喃-2-基)-乙烯基胺、二乙烯基甲氧基联吡啶、甲氧基-4-乙烯基联苯、乙烯基甲氧基咔唑、乙烯基甲氧基哌啶、乙烯基甲氧基吡嗪、碳酸乙烯基甲基酯-烯丙基苯甲醚、乙烯基哒嗪、1-二乙烯基咪唑、3-乙烯基四氢呋喃、二乙烯基呋喃、二乙烯基甲氧基呋喃、二乙烯基吡嗪、乙烯基甲氧基咪唑、乙烯基甲氧基吡咯、乙烯基四氢呋喃、2,4-二乙烯基异唑、3,4二乙烯基-1-甲基吡咯、芳氧基氧杂环丁烷、碳酸芳氧基-苯基酯、芳氧基-哌啶、芳氧基-四氢呋喃、2-芳基-环丙酮、2-二芳氧基-糠酸酯、4-烯丙基苯甲醚、芳氧基-咔唑、芳氧基-2-糠酸酯、芳氧基-巴豆酸酯、芳氧基-环丁烷、芳氧基-环戊酮、芳氧基-环丙酮、芳氧基-环磷腈、硅酸芳氧基-亚乙酯、硫酸芳氧基-亚乙酯、亚硫酸芳氧基-亚乙基酯、芳氧基-咪唑、芳氧基-甲基丙烯酸酯、芳氧基-磷酸酯、芳氧基-吡咯、芳氧基喹啉、二芳氧基环三磷腈、碳酸二芳氧基亚乙酯、二芳氧基呋喃、磷酸二芳氧基甲基酯、碳酸二芳氧基-丁基酯、二芳氧基-巴豆酸酯、二芳氧基-二苯基醚、硅酸二芳氧基-乙基酯、硅酸二芳氧基-亚乙酯、硫酸二芳氧基-亚乙酯、亚硫酸二芳氧基-亚乙酯、碳酸二芳氧基-苯基酯、碳酸二芳氧基-亚丙酯、碳酸二苯酯、二苯基二芳氧基硅酸酯、二苯基二乙烯基硅酸酯、二苯基醚、硅酸二苯基酯、二乙烯基甲氧基二苯基醚、碳酸二乙烯基苯基酯、甲氧基咔唑、或2,4-二甲基-6-羟基-嘧啶、乙烯基甲氧基喹啉、哒嗪、乙烯基哒嗪、喹啉、乙烯基喹啉、吡啶、乙烯基吡啶、吲哚、乙烯基吲哚、三乙醇胺、1,3-二甲基丁二烯、丁二烯、碳酸乙烯基亚乙酯、碳酸乙烯基酯、咪唑、乙烯基咪唑、哌啶、乙烯基哌啶、嘧啶、乙烯基嘧啶、吡嗪、乙烯基吡嗪、异喹啉、乙烯基异喹啉、喹喔啉、乙烯基喹喔啉、联苯、1,2-二苯醚、1,2-二苯基乙烷、邻三联苯、N-甲基吡咯、萘或任意两种或更多种这样的化合物的混合物。
在一些其他实施方式中,本技术的电解质包括非质子凝胶聚合物载体/溶剂。合适的凝胶聚合物载体/溶剂包括聚醚、聚环氧乙烷、聚酰亚胺、聚磷嗪、聚丙烯腈、聚硅氧烷、聚醚接枝的聚硅氧烷、上述的衍生物、上述的共聚物、上述的交联和网络结构体、上述的共混物等,向其添加合适的离子电解质盐。其他凝胶聚合物载体/溶剂包括由得自以下的聚合物基体制备的那些:聚环氧丙烷、聚硅氧烷、磺化聚酰亚胺、全氟化膜(Nafion树脂)、二乙烯基聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇-双-(丙烯酸甲酯)、聚乙二醇-双(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、上述的衍生物、上述的共聚物以及上述的交联和网络结构体。
本发明的功能性离子液体和含有盐的电解质溶液在导电性和在有机溶剂中的溶解性方面是高的,并因此适合于用作用于电化学装置的电解质溶液。电化学装置的实例是双电层电容器、二次电池、颜料敏化剂类型的太阳能电池、电致变色装置和容电器(聚光器,冷凝器),并且该列表不是限制性的。特别适合作为电化学装置的是双电层电容器和二次电池,例如锂离子电池。
在又一方面中,提供电化学装置,其包括正极、负极和电解质,所述电解质包括如本文中所述的离子液体。在一种实施方式中,电化学装置是锂二次电池。在一些实施方式中,二次电池为锂电池、锂离子电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池、钠离子电池或镁电池。在一些实施方式中,电化学装置是电化学电池,例如电容器。在一些实施方式中,电容器是不对称电容器或超级电容器。在一些实施方式中,电化学电池是原电池。在一些实施方式中,原电池是锂/MnO2电池或Li/聚(碳一氟化物(氟化石墨,carbon monoxide))电池。在一些实施方式中,电化学电池是太阳能电池。
合适的正极包括,例如,但不限于如下的那些:锂金属氧化物、尖晶石、橄榄石、碳包覆的橄榄石、LiFePO4、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiNi1xCoyMetzO2、LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2、LiMn0.3Co0.3Ni0.3O2、LiMn2O4、LiFeO2、Li1+x'NiαMnβCoγMet'δO2-z'Fz'、An'B2(XO4)3(NASICON)、氧化钒、过氧化锂、硫、多硫化物、锂碳一氟化物(也称为LiCFx)或其任意两种或更多种的混合物,其中Met为Al、Mg、Ti、B、Ga、Si、Mn或Co;Met'为Mg、Zn、Al、Ga、B、Zr或Ti;A为Li、Ag、Cu、Na、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu或Zn;B为Ti、V、Cr、Fe或Zr;X为P、S、Si、W或Mo;和其中0≤x≤0.3,0≤y≤0.5,0≤z≤0.5,0≤x'≤0.4,0≤α≤1,0≤β≤1,0≤γ≤1,0≤δ≤0.4,0≤z'≤0.4和0≤h'≤3。根据一些实施方式,尖晶石是具有式Li1+xMn2-zMet”'yO4-mX'n的尖晶石锰氧化物,其中Met”'为Al、Mg、Ti、B、Ga、Si、Ni或Co;X'为S或F;以及其中0≤x≤0.3,0≤y≤0.5,0≤z≤0.5,0≤m≤0.5和0≤n≤0.5。在其它实施方式中,橄榄石具有式Li1+xFe1zMet”yPO4-mX'n,其中Met”为Al、Mg、Ti、B、Ga、Si、Ni、Mn或Co;X'为S或F;以及其中0≤x≤0.3,0 0≤y≤0.5,0≤z≤0.5,0≤m≤0.5和0≤n≤0.5。
合适的负极包括诸如以下的那些:锂金属、石墨材料、无定形碳、Li4Ti5O12、锡合金、硅合金、金属间化合物或任意两种或更多种这样的材料的混合物。合适的石墨材料包括天然石墨、人造石墨、石墨化的中间相碳微球(MCMB)和石墨纤维、以及任何无定形碳材料。在一些实施方式中,负极和正极通过多孔隔板彼此隔开。
用于锂电池的隔板经常是微孔聚合物膜。用于形成膜的聚合物的实例包括:尼龙、纤维素、硝化纤维素、聚砜、聚丙烯腈、聚偏氟乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚丁烯、或任意两种或更多种这样的聚合物的共聚物或共混物。在一些情况下,隔板是电子束处理的微孔聚烯烃隔板。电子处理可改善隔板的变形温度,且可因此提高隔板的高温性能。另外地或替代地,隔板可为关闭隔板(shut-down separator)。关闭隔板可具有约130℃以上的触发温度以允许电化学电池在最高达约130℃的温度下运行。
尽管本文中已经详细地描述并阐述多种实施方式,但是对于相关领域的技术人员来说明晰的是,在不脱离本公开内容的精神的情况下可进行多种修改、添加、替换等,且因此这些被认为在所附权利要求限定的本公开内容的范围内。
参照以下具体实施例对本公开内容进一步说明。将理解,该实施例是作为说明给出的并且不意味着限制本公开内容或所附权利要求。
实施例-(甲基羟乙基吡咯烷-碘化物)3-硼酸酯的合成
将在DS2-54中制备的三乙基吡咯烷硼酸酯溶解在200ml二氯甲烷中并装入配备有氮气入口、加料漏斗和热电偶的1000ml三颈圆底烧瓶中。将反应磁力搅拌并用3当量的甲基碘(34.5克)逐滴地处理。在添加过程中,温度从22升至40.7℃,导致发生轻度回流,其在添加过程中持续。在添加过程中,澄清溶液也变得混浊。将混合物磁力搅拌3小时,或直到温度降至室温。
在3小时后停止搅拌。产物已从二氯甲烷中出油,形成两层。将反应转移到分液漏斗中并分离两层。
将底层置于旋转蒸发器上并浓缩以除去任何仍然存在的溶剂。获得83克淡橙色油(仍然存在溶剂,因为量超过理论值)。
NMR与预期结构一致。
H+NMR:(CDCl3)δppm 3.83(b,2H)3.50(m,4H)3.43(t,2H)3.05(s,2H)2.08(m,4H),加上一些溶剂和少量杂质。
尽管在本文中已经详细地描述并阐述多种实施方式,但是对于相关领域的技术人员来说明晰的是,在不脱离本公开内容的精神的情况下可进行多种修改、添加、替换等,且因此这些被认为在所附权利要求限定的本公开内容的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.离子液体化合物,包括:
阴离子;和
根据下式连接至硼部分的阳离子:
其中CAT+为吡咯烷鎓、哌啶鎓、氮杂环庚烷鎓、鎓、锍、鏻、咪唑鎓、吡啶或具有1至3个杂原子作为环成员的5或6元杂环,所述杂原子包括氮、氧、硅或硫;
R1和R2独立地为CAT+、甲基、或C2-C8烷基、烯基、烷氧基、芳基、炔基、烷基甲硅烷氧基、苯基、苄基、甲硅烷基、硫醚、亚砜、偶氮、氨基或硅烷基团,其中,其中的任何碳原子或氢原子任选地进一步被以下取代:卤化物、烷基、烯基、烷氧基、芳基、炔基、烷基甲硅烷氧基、苯基、苄基、甲硅烷基、硫醚、亚砜、偶氮、氨基或硅烷;
X1、X2和X3独立地为(a)连接体,其包括亚甲基、或C2-C8亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基、烷氧基、酯、亚羰基、亚苯基、硫醚、亚砜、偶氮或亚芳基,其中,其中的任何碳原子或氢原子任选地进一步被卤化物取代;(b)O、S或C;或者(c)连接至所述连接体的O、S、N或C。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述阴离子包括卤根、铝酸根、砷根、氰根、硫氰酸根、亚硝酸根、苯甲酸根、氯酸根、亚氯酸根、铬酸根、硫酸根、亚硫酸根、硅酸根、硫代硫酸根、草酸根、乙酸根、甲酸根、氢氧根、硝酸根、磷酸根、酰亚胺或硼酸根。
3.电能存储装置电解质,包括:
a)非质子有机溶剂体系;
b)金属盐;
c)添加剂;和
d)根据权利要求1的离子液体化合物。
4.权利要求3的电解质,其中所述阴离子包括卤根、铝酸根、砷根、氰根、硫氰酸根、亚硝酸根、苯甲酸根、氯酸根、亚氯酸根、铬酸根、硫酸根、亚硫酸根、硅酸根、硫代硫酸根、草酸根、乙酸根、甲酸根、氢氧根、硝酸根、磷酸根、酰亚胺或硼酸根。
5.权利要求3的电解质,其中所述非质子有机溶剂包括开链或环状碳酸酯、羧酸酯、亚硝酸酯、醚、砜、酮、内酯、二氧戊环、甘醇二甲醚、冠醚、硅氧烷、磷酸酯、磷酸盐、亚磷酸酯、单或多磷腈或其混合物。
6.权利要求3的电解质,其中所述金属盐的阳离子包括铝或镁。
7.权利要求3的电解质,其中所述金属盐的阳离子包括碱金属盐。
8.权利要求7的电解质,其中所述碱金属盐的阳离子包括锂或钠。
9.权利要求3的电解质,其中所述添加剂包括含硫化合物、含磷化合物、含硼化合物、含硅化合物、含氟化合物、含氮化合物、含有至少一个不饱和碳-碳键的化合物、羧酸酐或其混合物。
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