CN113718208A - Multi-arc ion plating cavitation-corrosion-resistant nickel-based metal coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-arc ion plating cavitation-corrosion-resistant nickel-based metal coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 49.5-80% of Ni, 10-30% of Cr, 10-20% of Al and 0-0.5% of Y. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, high in controllability and low in cost, the phase composition prepared by the multi-arc ion plating technology is a gamma/gamma' nanocrystalline coating, the hardness of the coating is greatly improved by grain boundary strengthening and precipitation strengthening, and can reach 9.88GPa, so that the capacity of resisting plastic deformation is improved; and the nano pores in the coating have elastic deformation capacity, so that the energy of cavitation erosion impact is partially dissipated to reduce self damage, the initiation and the expansion of cavitation erosion cracks are restrained, the cavitation erosion rate is reduced, the cavitation erosion resistance is excellent, in addition, the application range is wide, the coating is suitable for being deposited on materials such as iron-based materials, nickel-based materials, copper-based materials, aluminum-based materials and the like, and the coating has good economical efficiency and application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy coatings, in particular to a multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cavitation erosion is a difficult problem in engineering and academia due to its wide occurrence range, serious damage and complex mechanism. The severe economic loss is caused to a plurality of industries such as water conservancy and hydropower, chemical engineering, mechanical manufacturing and the like every year due to cavitation damage, for example, the economic loss caused by unit maintenance of a large hydropower station every year due to cavitation is ten million yuan per day, but no good solution is provided for the problem till now.
The cavitation erosion is caused because if the pressure of the micro-bubbles formed in the low-pressure area of the liquid rises, the bubbles collapse to form high-speed micro-jet or shock waves to strike the surface of the material to cause mechanical damage, and the bubbles continuously impact the surface of the material to cause severe mechanical damage. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the material surface are critical for protection against cavitation. Stainless steel is a commonly used structural material of a flow passage component, but the poor mechanical property of the stainless steel has weak cavitation erosion resistance, and a hard coating such as WC-Co, Fe-based amorphous, TiN ceramic coating and the like is usually applied on the surface of the stainless steel in engineering to perform cavitation erosion protection. However, the poor toughness of the coating easily causes cavitation cracks to rapidly grow and expand, and the protection life of the coating is greatly reduced. Therefore, it is of no doubt important to prepare a coating excellent in cavitation resistance to extend the service life of the component.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention aims to provide a multi-arc ion plating cavitation corrosion resistant nickel-based metal coating with good cavitation corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the technical scheme that:
the multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating is formed by depositing on the surface of a substrate by utilizing a multi-arc ion plating process technology, and has the advantages of nanocrystalline and nano-microporous structures and excellent toughness. The multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 49.5-80% of Ni, 10-30% of Cr, 10-20% of Al and 0-0.5% of Y.
The multi-arc ion plating technology is an ion plating technology adopting a cathode arc evaporation source. By using the phenomenon of cathode arc discharge, micro arc spots are formed on the surface of the target material, and the current density is very high and can reach 10^5～10^7A/cm2. The energy density can make the surface emit metal vapor flow with the speed of 10^ s8m/s, and the bias applied near the substrate further accelerates the vapor flow after reaching the vicinity of the substrate, so that the coating prepared has an excellent bonding force with the substrate. The vapor stream condenses and crystallizes upon reaching the surface, and the resulting coating typically has a nanocrystalline structure due to the low temperature of the matrix and the atomic or molecular level of the vapor stream species. A large number of crystal boundaries in the coating undoubtedly play a role in strengthening the crystal boundaries, and the strength of the coating is improved. In addition, nano gamma' -Ni is easy to precipitate under the condition of the component3The Al intermetallic compound and the matrix gamma phase form a stable coherent structure, and the strength of the coating is further improved.
However, the problem of "large particle" contamination, so-called macroparticle, inevitably arises during deposition, since the locally rather high energy density of the arc spot not only provides the target with local phase transition conditions from solid to fully ionized plasma, but also allows some droplets to be ejected directly from the cathode surface, transported to the substrate surface by means of accelerated ions and plasma pressure. The formation of large particles results in a small amount of residual nanopores in the coating, and the uniformly distributed pores reduce the elastic modulus of the coating. During cavitation erosion impact, the loose coating generates larger elastic displacement, dissipates more cavitation erosion energy and improves the cavitation erosion resistance of the coating. Although the density of the coating is reduced to a certain extent by the pores, the damage of the cavitation erosion resistance can be resisted by adjusting the porosity by controlling process parameters, weakening the defects such as the pores and the like, and the coating is ensured to be difficult to generate irreversible plastic deformation by the higher strength of the coating, so that the breaking strength of the coating is improved.
Through the two aspects, the surface strength and the elastic deformation capacity are enhanced, so that the toughness of the coating is improved, the initiation and the expansion of fatigue cracks are inhibited, and the cavitation erosion resistance of the coating is obviously improved.
The multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating not only can be used for all stainless steels, but also can be used for various substrates such as nickel-aluminum bronze, low alloy steel, carbon steel, Ni-based alloy, aluminum alloy and the like, and has wide application range. If be applied to main equipment such as screw, hydraulic turbine blade, also can be applied to the cavitation erosion protection of widgets such as stainless steel pipeline, water pump blade and valve, the service time of extension equipment greatly reduces the maintenance frequency that equipment destroyed because of cavitation erosion, improves the availability factor of equipment.
The preparation method of the multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing Ni, Cr, Al and Y according to the mass fraction ratio according to the formula, putting the Ni, Cr, Al and Y into a smelting furnace, heating and smelting under a vacuum condition, and smelting into an ingot under an argon protection condition; in order to ensure the uniformity of the composition structure of the cast ingot, the cast ingot can be obtained by adopting a mode of multiple smelting; for convenient processing, the cast ingot is preferably in a cylindrical shape;
(2) processing the ingot into a target material, and carrying out arc discharge on the target material after the target material is subjected to arc striking by utilizing multi-arc ion plating equipment, so that the surface components of the target material can be evaporated and deposited on the opposite surface of the matrix, and the multi-arc ion plating cavitation-resistant nickel-based metal coating is formed on the surface of the matrix.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, since the aluminum powder is a dangerous material, it is preferable to use a massive aluminum block instead, and Ni, Cr and Y may be used in a powdery form.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, before the step (2), the surface of the substrate is subjected to pretreatment in advance, and the pretreatment includes one or more of mechanical polishing, degreasing and ultrasonic cleaning. If 2000# abrasive paper is adopted to polish the surface of the matrix, the surface of the matrix is ultrasonically cleaned for 15min in a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to remove impurities, oil stains and the like, so that the subsequent combination of the spraying material and the matrix is facilitated, and then the spraying material is dried for later use; after the pretreatment, the part of the matrix which does not need to be deposited is wrapped. If the part with the threads of the substrate is wrapped by the aluminum foil, only the surface needing to be deposited with the coating is exposed, and the influence of the coating deposited on the thread part on the weight loss of the substrate in the subsequent substrate assembling process is effectively prevented.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the process parameters of step (2) are: the back bottom vacuum of the multi-arc ion plating equipment chamber is lower than 1 multiplied by 10^-2Pa, argon pressure of about 1 x 10^ during deposition-1Pa, i.e. at 0.9X 10^-1Pa～1.1×10^- 1Pa, the distance between the substrate and the target is 20-25 cm, the current of a direct current power supply is 60-80A, a pulse power supply is adopted to apply a substrate bias voltage of 50-300V, the duty ratio is 20-30%, the temperature of the substrate is controlled at 150-250 ℃, and the deposition time is 40-100 min.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, before the deposition in the step (2), a small amount of pollutants adsorbed on the surface of the substrate is removed by using high-energy particle bombardment so as to improve the bonding force of the coating and the substrate. Specifically, the vacuum at the back of the chamber is lower than 1 x 10^-2And after Pa, keeping the bias voltage of the matrix to be about 900V, the duty ratio to be 20%, the direct current power supply to be 60-80A, and the bombardment time to be 3-5 min. And (3) depositing the multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating according to the process parameters of the step (2) after the bombardment is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the phase composition prepared by the multi-arc ion plating technology is a gamma/gamma' nanocrystalline coating, the hardness of the coating is greatly improved by grain boundary strengthening and precipitation strengthening, the microhardness can reach 9.88GPa and is far higher than that of a stainless steel matrix by 4.31GPa, and the plastic deformation resistance of the coating is further improved; and the nano pores in the coating improve the elastic deformation capability of the coating, have the porosity of less than 2 percent and higher elastic recovery rate of 41.37 percent, are close to the elastic recovery rate of 48.37 percent of the shape memory alloy NiTi, effectively improve the elastic deformation capability of the coating, ensure that the energy of cavitation erosion impact is partially dissipated to reduce self damage, inhibit the initiation and the expansion of cavitation cracks and reduce the cavitation erosion rate, the cavitation erosion rate is only 0.081mg/h and is two orders of magnitude lower than 1.5mg/h of 304L stainless steel, and the coating has excellent cavitation erosion resistance. The preparation method of the multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process flow, easy operation, high controllability, low cost, high ionization rate, good binding force between the prepared coating and a substrate, excellent comprehensive performance, good economy and good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a matrix sample.
FIG. 2 is a scanning and transmission profile of the coatings of examples 1, 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of displacement load for coatings of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention versus 304L stainless steel.
FIG. 4 is a graph of cavitation weight loss of coatings of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention versus 304L stainless steel.
FIG. 5 shows the surface topography of the coatings of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention after cavitation etching for 10h and 304L stainless steel after cavitation etching for 5 h.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment of the present invention, the substrate material 304L stainless steel is taken as an example for description, and in other embodiments, the present invention may be applied to substrates such as nickel-based, copper-based, and aluminum-based substrates. The 304L stainless steel has excellent seawater corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, and is commonly used for manufacturing key parts such as pipelines, elbows and valves on ships and ships, blade materials of sea water pumps, steam condenser pipes and the like. However, as the service life is prolonged, the corrosion resistance and the cavitation resistance of the 304L stainless steel are significantly reduced as the service life is prolonged. Particularly, as fluid machines such as ships and water turbines are continuously developed to high speed and high power, higher requirements are provided for the comprehensive mechanical properties of the material. Before failure fracture, the material dissipates cavitation impact energy by elastic-plastic deformation. High hardness coatings are commonly used to resist cavitation, but the microjet impact is very strong and of high duration and frequency, resulting in uncontrolled brittle fracture. If the elastic deformation capacity of the coating can be increased under the condition of keeping the high hardness of the coating, the material can firstly dissipate part of cavitation energy by utilizing the elastic deformation when being impacted by cavitation erosion, thereby greatly reducing the impact load for causing the coating to generate plastic deformation, slowing down the generation of cracks and finally achieving the effect of inhibiting the generation of cavitation erosion.
Example 1: the embodiment provides a multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating and a preparation method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 64.5 percent of Ni powder, 25 percent of Cr powder, 10 percent of Al block and 0.5 percent of Y powder according to the mass percent ratio in a formula, putting the Ni powder, the Cr powder, the Al block and the Y powder into a multifunctional vacuum induction smelting furnace, firstly putting the low-melting-point aluminum block into the multifunctional vacuum induction smelting furnace, smelting raw materials by induction heating under the vacuum condition, and smelting the raw materials into a cylindrical ingot under the argon protection condition. Then machining the cylindrical ingot into a round ingot with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 40 mm;
(2) a commercial 304L stainless steel is processed into a threaded shape as a sample (base body) which includes a threaded portion 1 and a deposition face portion 2, as shown in fig. 1, and is easily mounted on a sample stage of a cavitation erosion machine through the threaded portion 1. Polishing a deposition face 2 needing to deposit a sample by using 2000# abrasive paper, then ultrasonically cleaning the deposition face for 15min in a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to remove impurities, oil stains and the like, and then drying the deposition face for later use;
(3) wrapping the threaded part 1 of the sample with the threads by using an aluminum foil, and only exposing a deposition face part 2 needing to deposit a coating;
(4) the sample is hung in the center of the chamber, the side of the sample, which needs to be coated, is kept opposite to the target material and is about 20mm away from the surface of the target material, and the sample is kept still in the whole process. The vacuum on the back of the chamber is about 1 x 10^-2Pa, introducing high-purity argon, and keeping the pressure at 1 x 10^ s-1Pa. Firstly, a pulse power supply is adopted to apply 900V bias voltage to a basal body, the duty ratio is 20%, the direct current power supply is 70A, and the bombardment time is 5min, so as to remove pollutants on the surface of a sample. Then, the substrate bias voltage is adjusted to 50V, the duty ratio is 25%, the substrate temperature is controlled to be 150-250 ℃, and the deposition time is about 70 min.
Example 2: the embodiment provides a multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating and a preparation method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 64.5 percent of Ni powder, 25 percent of Cr powder, 10 percent of Al block and 0.5 percent of Y powder according to the mass percent ratio in the formula, putting the Ni powder, the Cr powder, the Al block and the Y powder into a multifunctional vacuum induction smelting furnace, firstly putting an aluminum block with a low melting point into the furnace, smelting raw materials by induction heating under the vacuum condition, and smelting the raw materials into a cylindrical ingot under the argon protection condition. Then, the material is machined into a round ingot with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 40 mm.
(2) A commercial 304L stainless steel was processed into a threaded shape as a sample (base body) including a threaded portion by which mounting on a sample stage of a cavitation machine was facilitated and a deposition face portion. Polishing the deposition face of a sample to be deposited by using 2000# abrasive paper, then ultrasonically cleaning the deposition face in a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone for 15min to remove impurities, oil stains and the like, and then drying the deposition face for later use.
(3) Wrapping the threaded part of the sample with the aluminum foil, and only exposing the deposition face needing to deposit the coating;
(4) the sample is hung in the center of the chamber, the side of the sample, which needs to be coated, is kept opposite to the target material and is about 20mm away from the surface of the target material, and the sample is kept still in the whole process. The vacuum on the back of the chamber is about 1 x 10^-2Pa, introducing high-purity argon, and keeping the pressure at 1 x 10^ s-1Pa. Firstly, a pulse power supply is adopted to apply 900V bias voltage to a substrate, the duty ratio is 20%, the direct current power supply is 70A, and the bombardment time is 5min, so as to remove pollutants on the surface of the substrate. And then, adjusting the bias voltage of the substrate to 250V, controlling the duty ratio to be 25%, controlling the temperature of the substrate to be 150-250 ℃ and controlling the deposition time to be about 70 min.
Example 3: the embodiment provides a multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating and a preparation method thereof, which are basically consistent with the embodiment 2, and are different from the embodiment 2 in that the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 49.5% of Ni powder, 30% of Cr powder, 20% of Al block and 0.5% of Y powder.
Example 4: the embodiment provides a multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating and a preparation method thereof, which are basically consistent with the embodiment 2, and are different from the embodiment 2 in that the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80% of Ni powder, 10% of Cr powder and 10% of Al blocks.
Example 5: the embodiment provides a multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating and a preparation method thereof, which are basically consistent with the embodiment 2, and are different from the embodiment 2 in that the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of Ni powder, 20% of Cr powder, 10.7% of Al block and 0.3% of Y powder.
Example 6: the embodiment provides a multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating and a preparation method thereof, which are basically consistent with the embodiment 2, and are different from the embodiment 2 in that the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 54.6% of Ni powder, 30% of Cr powder, 15% of Al blocks and 0.4% of Y powder.
Example 7: the embodiment provides a multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating and a preparation method thereof, which are basically consistent with the embodiment 2, and are different from the embodiment 2 in that the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65% of Ni powder, 17.9% of Cr powder, 17% of Al block and 0.1% of Y powder.
The above examples are illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, and it is to be understood that the specific examples described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting. Any technical solution adopting one of the above embodiments, or equivalent changes made according to the above embodiments, is within the scope of the present invention. Also, the present invention preferably compares two coatings produced at different biases, denoted as LV coating and HV coating, respectively, to an uncoated stainless steel substrate. And (4) detecting the cavitation erosion resistance of the coating in the two preferred bias voltage states on a magnetic vibration cavitation machine. Where example 1 is low bias and example 2 is high bias.
See (a) and (c) in fig. 2 for the scanning and transmission profiles of the low-bias coating of example 1, and see (b) and (d) in fig. 2 for the scanning and transmission profiles of the high-bias coating of example 2. By contrast, it can be seen that the porosity of the coating at low bias is higher than at high bias, both being nanocrystalline structures, but the grains are much finer at high bias.
Referring to fig. 3, the displacement load curves of the low bias coating of example 1, the high bias coating of example 2 and the substrate were measured under a constant pressure of 10mN, and the hardness and elastic recovery rate were significantly improved after the application of the coatings.
Referring to fig. 4, it can be seen from the cavitation erosion curve that the cavitation erosion weight loss of the low bias coating of example 1 and the high bias coating of example 2 is significantly lower than that of the substrate, and the cavitation erosion resistance of the high bias coating is the best.
To further show the appearance of the sample after cavitation, see (a), (b), and (c) of fig. 5, the surface appearance of the 304L stainless steel after cavitation for 5h, the surface appearance of the low bias coating of example 1 after cavitation for 10h, and the surface appearance of the high bias coating of example 2 after cavitation for 10h are shown in sequence.
It can be seen from fig. 5 (a) that the 304L stainless steel substrate is severely damaged by cavitation 5h, and the entire surface is damaged. It can be seen from fig. 5 (b) that after the low-bias coating is subjected to cavitation for 10h, the surface of the low-bias coating is still not completely damaged, only deeper cavitation pits are relatively generated at individual positions, and the overall cavitation damage is relatively not severe, so that a certain protection effect is achieved. It can be seen from fig. 5 (c) that the high bias coating hardly suffers significant cavitation damage to the surface even after 10 hours of cavitation erosion, and has a good cavitation erosion resistance.
Experimental tests prove that the multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating prepared by the invention has good bonding strength, shows microhardness as high as 9.88GPa, is much higher than that of a stainless steel matrix by 4.31GPa, has porosity of less than 2 percent, higher elastic recovery rate of 41.37 percent, is close to that of NiTi, has 48.37 percent of elastic recovery rate, and effectively improves the mechanical property of the coating. And the multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating of the invention shows a cavitation erosion rate of only 0.081mg/h, which is two orders of magnitude lower than 1.5mg/h of 304L stainless steel, and shows excellent cavitation erosion resistance.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. In addition, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the use of other coatings and methods, whether identical or similar, being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 49.5-80% of Ni, 10-30% of Cr, 10-20% of Al and 0-0.5% of Y.
2. The multi-arc ion-plated cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating of claim 1 having a microstructure of nano-grains and nano-pores.
3. The multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating of claim 1 or 2, deposited on a surface of a substrate by a multi-arc ion plating process, the substrate being stainless steel, nickel aluminum bronze, low alloy steel, carbon steel, Ni-based alloy or aluminum alloy.
4. A method for preparing the multi-arc ion plating cavitation erosion resistant nickel-based metal coating according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing Ni, Cr, Al and Y according to the mass fraction ratio according to the formula, putting the Ni, Cr, Al and Y into a smelting furnace, heating and smelting under a vacuum condition, and smelting into an ingot under an argon protection condition;
(2) processing the ingot into a target material, and carrying out arc discharge on the target material after the target material is subjected to arc striking by utilizing multi-arc ion plating equipment, so that the surface components of the target material can be evaporated and deposited on the opposite surface of the matrix, and the multi-arc ion plating cavitation-resistant nickel-based metal coating is formed on the surface of the matrix.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the Al is a block-shaped aluminum block, and the aluminum block is placed in a melting furnace, and then Ni, Cr and Y are placed therein.
6. The production method according to claim 4, wherein the melting in the step (1) is performed a plurality of times.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the ingot is cylindrical.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein, before the step (2), the surface of the substrate is pretreated, the pretreatment comprises one or more of mechanical polishing, degreasing and ultrasonic cleaning, and after the pretreatment, the part of the substrate which does not need to be deposited is wrapped.
9. The preparation method according to claim 4 or 8, wherein the process parameters of the step (2) are as follows: the back bottom vacuum of the multi-arc ion plating equipment chamber is lower than 1 multiplied by 10^-2Pa, argon pressure during deposition of 0.9 x 10^-1Pa～1.1×10^- 1Pa, the distance between the substrate and the target is 20-25 cm, the current of a direct current power supply is 60-80A, a pulse power supply is adopted to apply a substrate bias voltage of 50-300V, the duty ratio is 20-30%, the temperature of the substrate is controlled at 150-250 ℃, and the deposition time is 40-100 min.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the step (2) is preceded by a step of removing contaminants adsorbed on the surface of the substrate by bombardment with energetic particles.
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| CN114481017A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-05-13 | 松山湖材料实验室 | Film coating device and cleaning process |
| CN116752099A (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-09-15 | 北京航空航天大学宁波创新研究院 | NiTiAl-X multi-element alloy coating and preparation method and application thereof |
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