CN113680951B - Point connection method combining bidirectional mechanical interlocking and solid phase connection - Google Patents
Point connection method combining bidirectional mechanical interlocking and solid phase connection Download PDFInfo
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- CN113680951B CN113680951B CN202111117771.5A CN202111117771A CN113680951B CN 113680951 B CN113680951 B CN 113680951B CN 202111117771 A CN202111117771 A CN 202111117771A CN 113680951 B CN113680951 B CN 113680951B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
- B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
- B21J15/027—Setting rivets by friction heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/38—Accessories for use in connection with riveting, e.g. pliers for upsetting; Hand tools for riveting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/38—Accessories for use in connection with riveting, e.g. pliers for upsetting; Hand tools for riveting
- B21J15/42—Special clamping devices for workpieces to be riveted together, e.g. operating through the rivet holes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
Abstract
A point connection method for combining bidirectional mechanical interlocking with solid-phase connection is characterized in that an upper layer material to be connected and a lower layer material to be connected are stacked between a die and a semi-hollow rivet, the main shaft is driven to rotate by the motor, so that the rotating speed of the main shaft and the flywheel connected with the main shaft reaches a set value, the driving motor is separated from the main shaft, the main shaft and the flywheel connected with the main shaft are driven to feed through the sliding end, the semi-hollow rivet is driven to rotate by utilizing the inertia of the flywheel and is axially fed and riveted with a material to be connected, when the rotating speed of the main shaft is reduced to zero under the resistance action of the materials to be connected, the main shaft is continuously fed until the waist part of the rivet body shrinks and deforms inwards, the tip end of the rivet body opens and deforms outwards, i.e. an intra-cavity mechanical interlock between the rivet body and the trapped material is formed inside the rivet cavity, while an extra-cavity mechanical interlock between the rivet tip and the underlying material to be joined is formed outside the rivet cavity. The invention realizes the strengthening of the mechanical interlocking outside the rivet cavity, obviously improves the shearing strength and the fatigue strength of the joint, and breaks through the performance limit of the existing single mechanical connection or solid phase connection joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of material connection, in particular to a point connection method combining bidirectional mechanical interlocking and solid phase connection.
Background
Thin-walled products usually achieve the fixation and assembly of various parts in a point connection manner, and mechanical connection and solid phase connection are the main methods for point connection of the existing light alloy components. The mechanical connection is mainly riveting, and the rivet and the material to be connected are subjected to plastic deformation through external force, so that mechanical interlocking is realized. The solid phase bonding method generates atomic diffusion between the materials to be bonded by means of generating frictional heat through mechanical movement between an external heating source or the materials to be bonded, and forms solid phase bonding. However, the joints obtained by the existing single mechanical connection or solid phase connection method reach the upper performance limit and are difficult to further promote, and especially, the mechanical connection has great risks of joint cracking and the like when connecting low-ductility materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a point connecting method combining bidirectional mechanical interlocking and solid phase connection, wherein bidirectional mechanical interlocking is respectively formed between the inner side and the outer side of a cavity of a semi-hollow rivet and materials to be connected, and solid phase connection is formed between the materials to be connected at the inner side of the cavity of the rivet. The mechanical interlocking and solid-phase connection of the inner cavity of the rivet can effectively prevent the rivet from rotating, contracting and pulling out to lose efficacy under the action of external load, so that the mechanical interlocking outside the cavity of the rivet is strengthened, the shear strength and the fatigue strength of the joint are obviously improved, and the performance limit of the conventional single mechanical connection or solid-phase connection joint is broken through.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a point connection method for combining bidirectional mechanical interlocking and solid phase connection, which is characterized in that an upper layer material to be connected and a lower layer material to be connected are stacked between a die and a semi-hollow rivet, the main shaft is driven by the motor to rotate, so that the rotating speed of the main shaft and the flywheel connected with the main shaft reaches a set value, the driving motor is separated from the main shaft, the main shaft and the flywheel connected with the main shaft are driven to move in a feeding way through the sliding end, the semi-hollow rivet is driven to rotate by utilizing the inertia of the flywheel and is axially fed and riveted into a material to be connected, when the rotating speed of the main shaft is reduced to zero under the resistance action of the materials to be connected, the main shaft is continuously fed until the waist part of the rivet body shrinks and deforms inwards, the tip end of the rivet body opens and deforms outwards, i.e. an intra-cavity mechanical interlock between the rivet body and the trapped material is formed inside the rivet cavity, while an extra-cavity mechanical interlock between the rivet tip and the underlying material to be joined is formed outside the rivet cavity.
The sliding end adopts a linear motor, a lead screw or an electric drive cylinder and other mechanisms to realize linear motion.
The upper layer of the material to be connected is cut by the feeding motion of the rivet to form a trapped material positioned at the inner side of the rivet cavity.
And the interception material forms solid-phase connection with the material to be connected on the lower layer after the process is finished.
The spindle rotating speed set value (omega) is calculated by the following method:
the kinetic energy (E) generated by the rotation of the flywheel at the set value (omega) of the rotation speed is equal to the energy (Q) required for forming solid-phase connection between the materials to be connected, namely: e ═ Q, where:
omega is the set value of the rotation speed of the main shaft, I0Is the moment of inertia of the main shaft, I1Is the moment of inertia of the flywheel; q critical energy Q for dynamic recrystallization by trapping metal volume V and unit volume of material0And (3) calculating, namely: Q-kVQ0，
R is the outer wall radius of the rivet, f (t) is the rivet feed rate, k is the correction factor, Q0For the material constant, Δ t is the time for the rivet to penetrate the upper plate.
The spindle speed is measured by an encoder of the drive motor.
The semi-hollow rivet comprises a rivet head, a rivet waist and a rivet leg.
The rivet head is provided with a circumferentially distributed protrusion/groove driving structure for transmitting torque.
The top point of the tip of the rivet leg is coincided with the outer wall.
The wall thickness of the waist of the rivet is smaller than or equal to the wall thickness of the leg of the rivet, the inner wall and the outer wall of the rivet are both smooth surfaces or the inner wall and/or the outer wall of the rivet are provided with groove structures, so that after the tip end of the rivet is inserted into a material to be connected, the waist of the rivet is contracted and deformed inwards under the axial compression action of the driving force of a main shaft and the resistance of the material to be connected, and the inner side of the rivet cavity forms mechanical interlocking between a rivet body and an interception material.
The groove structure is arc-shaped, the depth of the groove structure is 1/10-1/4 of the thickness of the rivet wall, and stress concentration or breakage of the rivet waist in the deformation process is avoided.
Bidirectional mechanical interlocking is through adjusting the rivet and feeding the degree of depth, changes rivet axial atress and realizes the deformation as required of rivet waist and shank, promptly: f > F0Wherein: f is a rivetSubjected to instantaneous axial force, F0The critical feed resistance for the rivet to plastically deform is calculated from the yield strength of the rivet material and the geometry of the rivet:
wherein: r iswAnd rwRespectively the outer and inner diameter of the waist of the rivet, RtAnd rtRespectively the outer and inner diameter, sigma, of the rivet legwAnd σtThe yield strength of the rivet waist and rivet leg materials, respectively.
The axial stress of the rivet is measured by a force sensor which is connected in series with the tail end of the main shaft and is arranged coaxially with the main shaft, when F is more than F0And then the riveting process is finished.
Technical effects
Compared with the existing method for realizing connection by means of rivet rotation, the method for continuously driving the rivet to rotate is adopted, friction heat generated by rotation is uncontrollable, and solid-phase connection cannot be formed between materials to be connected due to excessive softening or insufficient heat input of the materials caused by overhigh heat input. The invention utilizes the kinetic energy of the flywheel to store the energy required by the riveting process, and converts the kinetic energy of the flywheel into frictional heat in the subsequent riveting process, thereby realizing the complete controllability of heat input. The heat input can be controlled by adjusting the mass and/or the rotating speed of the flywheel, so that the energy requirement required by forming solid phase connection in different material combinations to be connected and application scenes can be met.
According to the invention, the solid-phase connection is formed on the inner side of the semi-hollow rivet, and the bidirectional mechanical interlocking is formed on the inner side and the outer side of the rivet cavity, so that the performance of the joint is obviously enhanced, and the performance limit of the existing single mechanical or solid-phase connection is broken through.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a semi-blind rivet;
FIGS. 2a to 2e are process flow diagrams of examples;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a dual mechanical interlock and solid phase attachment composite linker.
In the figure: the rivet comprises a semi-hollow rivet 1, an upper layer material 2 to be connected, a lower layer material 3 to be connected, a main shaft 4, a blank holder 5, a mold 6, a flywheel 7, a spline 8, a sliding end 9, an interception material 10, a solid phase connection 11, a rivet cavity internal mechanical interlock 12, a rivet cavity external mechanical interlock 13, a rivet head 101, a rivet waist 102, a rivet leg 103, a rivet waist notch, a driving structure 105 and a rivet leg tip 106.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the semi-blind rivet 1 employed in the present embodiment includes a rivet head 101, a rivet waist 102, and a rivet leg 103.
The rivet head 101 is provided with a circumferentially distributed protrusion/recess drive arrangement 105 for transmitting torque.
The rivet leg tip apex 106 coincides with the outer wall.
The inner wall of the waist part of the rivet is smooth, the outer wall of the waist part of the rivet is provided with an arc-shaped notch 104, and the depth of the notch is 0.2 mm.
The semi-hollow rivet is made of 42CrMo steel.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the present embodiment employs AA6061-T6 with a thickness of 2.0mm for the upper layer of the material piece to be connected 2, and AA6061-T6 with a thickness of 2.0mm for the lower layer of the material piece to be connected 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment relates to a point connection method combining two-way mechanical interlocking and solid phase connection, as shown in fig. 2a, an upper layer material 2 to be connected and a lower layer material 3 to be connected are stacked and placed between a mold 6 and a blank holder 5, a main shaft 4 is fixedly connected with a flywheel 7 through a spline 8, a semi-tubular rivet 1 is fixed at the end of the main shaft 4, the main shaft 4 is driven to rotate by a motor, and when the rotation speed reaches ω, when the rotation speed reaches ω0Then, the main shaft 4 is separated from the driving motor, and the main shaft 4 and the flywheel 7 continue to drive the rivet 1 to omega under the inertia effect0Rotating; spindle 4 is driven by slip end 9 to f as shown in fig. 2b-c0The speed feed drives the semi-hollow rivet 1 to axially feed and rivet into the material 2 to be connected while rotating, and the rotating speed of the main shaft 4 is gradually reduced under the resistance action of the materials 2 and 3 to be connected, namely omega2＜ω1＜ω0(ii) a Until the rotational speed of the spindle 4 drops to zero as shown in figure 2d,sliding end 9 at speed f1Continuing feeding; until the rivet waist 102 is deformed by shrinking to the inside as shown in fig. 2e, the rivet leg tips 106 are deformed by expanding to the outside, i.e. the intracavity mechanical interlock 12 as shown in fig. 3 is formed inside the half blind rivet 1, and the extracavity mechanical interlock 13 between the rivet leg tips 106 and the underlying material to be joined 3 is formed outside the cavity of the half blind rivet 1.
The die 6 is a circular concave die with a bulge at the center, the diameter of the inner cavity of the concave die is 9.0mm, the depth of the concave die is 2.0mm, and the horizontal height of the central bulge peak is the same as that of the outer wall.
The sliding end adopts a servo motor and a lead screw to realize linear motion.
The rotational simultaneous axial feed rate f0＝2.0mm/s，f1＝10.0mm/s。
The upper layer is cut by the feed movement of the connecting material 2 by the half blind rivet 1 to form the retaining material 10.
The entrapping material 10 forms a solid-phase connection 11 with the lower layer material 3 to be connected after the process is finished.
The rotating speed omega of the main shaft 40Obtained by the following steps: the kinetic energy (E) generated by the rotation of the flywheel 7 is equal to the energy (Q) required to form a solid phase connection between the materials to be connected, i.e.: e ═ Q, where:
ω0set value for rotational speed, I0Is the moment of inertia of the spindle 4, I1Is the moment of inertia of the flywheel 7; q by the volume V of the retentate 10 and the critical energy Q for the dynamic recrystallization per volume of material0And (3) calculating, namely: q kVQ0，
R is the outer wall radius of the rivet, f (t) is the rivet feed rate, k is the correction factor, Q0For the material constant, Δ t is the time for the rivet to penetrate the upper plate. In the embodiment, the radius of the main shaft is 4 mm, and the rotational inertia I of the main shaft is 5mm0Negligible, the flywheel 7 is a steel disc with a radius of 0.1m, a thickness of 0.05m, and rotational inertiaQuantity I1＝0.06kgm2Critical energy Q for dynamic recrystallization of aluminum alloy AA6061-T6 material per unit volume0＝1.6J/mm3The radius R of the outer wall of the rivet is 2.75mm, and the volume V of the interception material 10 is 47.5mm3The correction coefficient k is 1.0; further calculating by substituting specific numerical values to obtain the product of the present embodiment
The set rotating speed omega of the main shaft0Measured by an encoder driving the motor.
As shown in fig. 3, the inside mechanical interlock 9 and the outside mechanical interlock 10 of the rivet cavity are realized by adjusting the feed depth of the rivet and changing the axial stress of the rivet to realize the deformation of the waist and the leg of the rivet as required, namely: f > F0Wherein: f is the instantaneous axial force to which the rivet is subjected, F0The critical feed resistance for the rivet to plastically deform is calculated from the yield strength of the rivet material and the geometry of the rivet: f0＝max[(π(Rw 2-rw 2)σw，π(Rt 2-rt 2)σt]Wherein: r iswAnd rwRespectively the outer and inner diameters, R, of the rivet waisttAnd rtRespectively the outer and inner diameter, sigma, of the rivet legwAnd σtThe yield strength of the rivet waist and rivet leg materials, respectively.
Outer diameter R of rivet waist in the embodimentw2.55mm, inner diameter rw1.75mm, rivet leg outside diameter Rt2.75, inner diameter rt2.0mm, rivet waist material yield strength sigmaw985MPa, rivet leg yield strength sigmatF of this example was calculated by substituting specific numerical values while changing to 985Mpa0＝11.02kN。
The axial stress of the rivet is measured by a force sensor which is connected in series with the tail end of the main shaft and is arranged coaxially with the main shaft, when F is more than F0And then the riveting process is finished.
In the embodiment, solid-phase connection is formed on the inner side of the semi-hollow rivet, and bidirectional mechanical interlocking is formed on the inner side and the outer side of the rivet cavity, so that a point connection joint combining the bidirectional mechanical interlocking and the solid-phase connection is realized, the mechanical interlocking quantity on the outer side of the rivet is 0.75mm, and the tensile and shear strength of the joint is 11.3 kN; the joint tensile-shear strength of the self-piercing riveted (mechanical connection) joint only containing single mechanical interlocking at the outer side of the rivet and with the interlocking amount of 0.75mm in the prior art is 9.1kN, and the tensile-shear strength of the joint obtained by the method is improved by 24.2 percent compared with that of the joint obtained by the prior method.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and not by the preceding embodiments, and all embodiments within their scope are intended to be limited by the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A point connection method combining bidirectional mechanical interlocking and solid phase connection is characterized in that an upper layer material to be connected and a lower layer material to be connected are stacked between a mould and a semi-hollow rivet, the main shaft is driven to rotate by the motor, so that the rotating speed of the main shaft and the flywheel connected with the main shaft reaches a set value, the driving motor is separated from the main shaft, the main shaft and the flywheel connected with the main shaft are driven to feed through the sliding end, the semi-hollow rivet is driven to rotate by utilizing the inertia of the flywheel and is axially fed and riveted with a material to be connected, when the rotating speed of the main shaft is reduced to zero under the resistance action of the materials to be connected, the main shaft is continuously fed until the waist of the rivet body contracts and deforms towards the inner side, the tip of the rivet body opens and deforms towards the outer side, forming intra-cavity mechanical interlocking between a rivet body and an entrapped material on the inner side of a rivet cavity, and forming extra-cavity mechanical interlocking between a rivet tip and a lower layer of material to be connected on the outer side of the rivet cavity;
the upper layer material to be connected is cut off by the feeding motion of the rivet to form an interception material positioned at the inner side of the rivet cavity, and the interception material and the lower layer material to be connected form solid phase connection after the process is finished;
half hollow rivet include, rivet head, rivet waist and rivet shank, wherein: the rivet head is provided with a circumferentially distributed protrusion/groove driving structure for transmitting torque, and the top of the tip of the rivet leg is superposed with the outer wall;
the rivet satisfies the following conditions: i) the wall thickness of the waist part is greater than that of the leg part of the rivet, ii) the inner wall of the rivet is a smooth surface, and the outer wall of the rivet is provided with a groove structure, so that after the tip end of the rivet is inserted into a material to be connected, the waist part of the rivet is contracted and deformed inwards under the axial compression action of the driving force of a main shaft and the resistance of the material to be connected, and intracavity mechanical interlocking between a rivet body and an intercepting material is formed on the inner side of a rivet cavity;
bidirectional mechanical interlocking through adjusting the rivet feed depth, change rivet axial atress and realize the deformation as required of rivet waist and shank, promptly: f > F0Wherein: f is the instantaneous axial force to which the rivet is subjected, F0The critical feed resistance for plastic deformation of the rivet is calculated from the yield strength of the rivet material and the geometry of the rivet: f0＝max[(π(Rw 2-rw 2)σw，π(Rt 2-rt 2)σt]Wherein: rwAnd rwRespectively the outer and inner diameters, R, of the rivet waisttAnd rtRespectively the outer and inner diameter, sigma, of the rivet legwAnd σtThe yield strength of the rivet waist and rivet leg materials, respectively.
2. The point connection method of a combination of bi-directional mechanical interlock and solid phase connection as claimed in claim 1, wherein said spindle rotational speed set point is calculated by: the kinetic energy E generated by the rotation of the flywheel at the set value ω of the rotation speed is equal to the energy Q required to form a solid-phase connection between the materials to be connected, i.e.: e ═ Q, where:
omega is the set value of the rotation speed of the main shaft, I0Is the moment of inertia of the main shaft, I1Is the moment of inertia of the flywheel; q critical energy Q for dynamic recrystallization by trapping metal volume V and unit volume of material0And (3) calculating, namely: Q-kVQ0，
R is the outer wall radius of the rivet, f (t) is the rivet feed rate, k is the correction factor, Q0For the material constant, Δ t is the time for the rivet to penetrate the upper plate.
3. The point connection method of the bidirectional mechanical interlocking and solid phase connection composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the groove structure is circular arc-shaped, and the depth is 1/10-1/4 of the rivet wall thickness, so as to avoid stress concentration or fracture of the rivet waist during deformation.
4. The point connection method of claim 1, wherein the axial force of the rivet is measured by a force sensor connected in series to the end of the main shaft and coaxially arranged with the main shaft, when F > F0And then the riveting process is finished.
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| CN202111117771.5A CN113680951B (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Point connection method combining bidirectional mechanical interlocking and solid phase connection |
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| CN202111117771.5A CN113680951B (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Point connection method combining bidirectional mechanical interlocking and solid phase connection |
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| CN113680951B true CN113680951B (en) | 2022-07-15 |
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| CN109530598A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-29 | 上海交通大学 | Semitubular rivet and its without pre-manufactured hole riveting set and method |
| CN109848355A (en) * | 2019-03-02 | 2019-06-07 | 上海交通大学 | Two-part machinery-solid phase composite connecting method based on semitubular rivet |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB0609580D0 (en) * | 2006-05-13 | 2006-06-21 | Henrob Ltd | Self-piercing riveting |
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2021
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005069451A (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Tightening method for overlapped fiber reinforced plastic plates and its tightening structure |
| JP2008215464A (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | Rivet structure and vehicular body structure |
| CN103240564A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-08-14 | 上海交通大学 | Machinery-solid phase composite connecting device and machinery-solid phase composite connecting method |
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