CN113667387B - 一种可降解高阻隔乳液及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种可降解高阻隔乳液及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种降解高阻隔乳液及其制备方法和应用,乳液以重量份数计,包括以下原料:70‑90份聚3‑羟基丁酸酯‑3‑羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV),100‑200份溶剂,5‑10份右旋聚乳酸(PDLA),0.1‑0.3份引发剂,0.1‑0.2份扩链剂,1‑5份改性纳米蒙脱土,1‑2份聚乙二醇,300‑800份水,1‑5份乳化剂和0.5‑2份水溶性抗菌剂。上述乳液具有优异阻隔性能;还具有优异可降解性;应用在可降解薄膜上,使得薄膜能够达到软包装的阻隔性能,大大扩展可降解薄膜的使用范围,具有优异的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于阻隔液技术领域,尤其涉及一种可降解高阻隔乳液及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,随着国内外禁塑要求的推广,越来越多的可降解塑料开始应用在人们的生活之中。在可预见的未来,可降解塑料全面应用到人们的生活方方面面是一个必然的局面,功能性高阻隔包装也必然会迎来可降解塑料的到来。但是现有的可降解塑料的其氧气透过量和水蒸气透过量都比现有的常规高阻隔K膜大一个数量级,造成可降解塑料薄膜无法用于高阻隔包装。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种可降解高阻隔乳液及其制备方法和应用,该乳液使得可降解薄膜具有高阻隔性。
本发明提供了一种可降解高阻隔乳液,以重量份数计,包括以下原料:
70-90份聚3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV),100-200份溶剂,5-10份右旋聚乳酸(PDLA),0.1-0.3份引发剂,0.1-0.2份扩链剂,1-5份改性纳米蒙脱土,1-2份聚乙二醇,300-800份水,1-5份乳化剂和0.5-2份水溶性抗菌剂。
在本发明中,所述聚3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)的数均分子量为5000~30000g/mol。
在本发明中,所述溶剂选自氯仿和乙醇的混合溶剂;
所述引发剂为对甲苯磺酸;
所述扩链剂选自巴斯夫joncrylADR-4368-CS;
所述聚乙二醇的分子量为500~3000g/mol。
在本发明中,所述右旋聚乳酸(PDLA)的分子量为5000~12000g/mol;所述PDLA的添加使得本发明提供的高阻隔乳液在废弃后能够在自然界中先有PDLA水解产生酸性环境,在酸性环境中,抗菌剂的作用受到抑制,从而更好的促使PHBV分解,达到对产品可降解性能的控制。
在本发明中,所述乳化剂选自吐温20、吐温21、吐温40、吐温41、吐温80、吐温81和吐温85中的一种或多种。
在本发明中,所述抗菌剂选自氨丙基双胍和/或聚六亚甲基双胍。所述抗菌级能够为高阻隔乳液提供抗菌型,并且通过控制抗菌剂和PDLA的添加量来控制降解时间。常温环境中,抗菌剂的使用能够使得PHBV在无菌条件下保持长时间的阻隔性能。
本发明提供了一种上述技术方案所述可降解高阻隔乳液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将PHBV、溶剂、PDLA、引发剂和扩链剂混合,搅拌溶解,加压升温进行共聚反应,得到PHBV/PDLA共聚物;
将改性纳米蒙脱土和聚乙二醇混合,再与PHBV/PDLA共聚物混合均匀,得到混合物;
将水和乳化剂混合,得到的预乳化液和混合物混合,高速搅拌及超声分散,得到水包油型乳液,冷却,降压,空气吹扫,待VOC含量降至30g/L以下后加入抗菌剂,反应,得到可降解高阻隔乳液。
在本发明中,所述共聚反应的温度为70~90℃,共聚反应的时间为2~6h。
在本发明中,所述高速搅拌的速度为6000~20000rpm;
所述超声分散的频率为500~200000Hz,功率大于等于1000W。
本发明提供了一种可降解高阻隔薄膜,采用上述技术方案所述可降解高阻隔乳液或上述技术方案所述方法制备的可降解高阻隔乳液涂布在可降解薄膜的表面。
在本发明中,所述乳液涂布的厚度为0.5-5微米,优选为1~4微米;具体实施例中,所述乳液涂布的厚度为2微米。
在本发明中,所述可降解薄膜优选为双向拉伸聚乳酸薄膜(BOPLA)。
本发明提供了一种降解高阻隔乳液,以重量份数计,包括以下原料:70-90份聚3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV),100-200份溶剂,5-10份右旋聚乳酸(PDLA),0.1-0.3份引发剂,0.1-0.2份扩链剂,1-5份改性纳米蒙脱土,1-2份聚乙二醇,300-800份水,1-5份乳化剂和0.5-2份水溶性抗菌剂。上述乳液具有优异阻隔性能;还具有优异可降解性;应用在可降解薄膜上,使得薄膜能够达到软包装的阻隔性能,大大扩展可降解薄膜的使用范围,具有优异的应用前景。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种可降解高阻隔乳液及其制备方法和应用进行详细地描述,但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
S1:取分子量6000-7000g/mol的PHBV75份,搅拌溶解在140份溶剂(体积比5:2的氯仿和乙醇的混合溶剂)中,同时加入PDLA7.5份溶解,再加入0.15份引发剂对甲苯磺酸和0.15份扩链剂巴斯夫joncrylADR-4368-CS,搅拌溶解。溶解完成后,加压至0.2Mpa以上升温至76℃,共聚反应3.5小时,生成大分子链的PHBV/PDLA共聚物;
S2:将2.5份改性纳米蒙脱土和1.2份1200g/mol PEG搅拌溶解于适量的溶剂中,将溶液与步骤S1的溶液混合搅拌均匀;
S3:在400份去离子水中加入2份吐温80,搅拌得到预乳化液,将步骤S2得到的溶液加入到预乳化液中,经过12000rpm高速搅拌剪切以及1500kHz下超声分散20min,得到o/w型pickering乳液;
S4:将步骤S3的乳液冷却至常温,用真空泵进行降压,同时进行空气吹扫,降压至5kpa以下,降低VOC至30g/L以下;
S5:在步骤S4中的乳液中加入0.7份水溶性氨丙基双胍,搅拌反应1小时,得到可降解高阻隔乳液。
本发明将可降解高阻隔乳液涂布在双向拉伸聚乳酸薄膜(BOPLA)上,涂布厚度为2.0微米,得到可降解高阻隔薄膜。
实施例2
S1:取分子量7000-9000g/mol的PHBV82份,搅拌溶解在160份溶剂(体积比3:1的氯仿和乙醇的混合溶剂)中,同时加入PDLA7份溶解,再加入0.18份引发剂对甲苯磺酸和0.15份扩链剂巴斯夫joncrylADR-4368-CS,搅拌溶解。溶解完成后,加压至0.2Mpa以上升温至75℃,共聚反应4.5小时,生成大分子链的PHBV/PDLA共聚物;
S2:将2.8份改性纳米蒙脱土和1.5份1800g/molPEG搅拌溶解于适量的溶剂中,将溶液与步骤S1的溶液混合搅拌均匀;
S3:在520份去离子水中加入2.5份吐温21,搅拌得到预乳化液,将步骤S2得到的溶液加入到预乳化液中,经过15000rpm高速搅拌剪切以及1200kHz下超声分散15min,得到o/w型pickering乳液;
S4:将步骤S3的乳液冷却至常温,用真空泵进行降压,同时进行空气吹扫,降压至5kpa以下,降低VOC至30g/L以下;
S5:在步骤S4中的乳液中加入0.8份水溶性氨丙基双胍,搅拌反应1.2小时,得到可降解高阻隔乳液。
本发明将可降解高阻隔乳液涂布在双向拉伸聚乳酸薄膜(BOPLA)上,涂布厚度为2.0微米,得到可降解高阻隔薄膜。
实施例3
S1:取分子量7000-10000g/mol的PHBV80份,搅拌溶解在170份溶剂(体积比12:5的氯仿和乙醇的混合溶剂)中,同时加入PDLA9份溶解,再加入0.15份引发剂对甲苯磺酸和0.18份扩链剂巴斯夫joncrylADR-4368-CS,搅拌溶解。溶解完成后,加压至0.2Mpa以上升温至76℃,共聚反应4.0小时,生成大分子链的PHBV/PDLA共聚物;
S2:将4.0份改性纳米蒙脱土和1.8份1500g/molPEG搅拌溶解于适量的溶剂中,将溶液与步骤S1的溶液混合搅拌均匀;
S3:在600份去离子水中加入3份吐温41,搅拌得到预乳化液,将步骤S2得到的溶液加入到预乳化液中,经过18000rpm高速搅拌剪切以及1600kHz下超声分散12min,得到o/w型pickering乳液;
S4:将步骤S3的乳液冷却至常温,用真空泵进行降压,同时进行空气吹扫,降压至5kpa以下,降低VOC至30g/L以下;
S5:在步骤S4中的乳液中加入1.2份水溶性聚六亚甲基双胍,搅拌反应1.2小时,得到可降解高阻隔乳液。
本发明将可降解高阻隔乳液涂布在双向拉伸聚乳酸薄膜(BOPLA)上,涂布厚度为2.0微米,得到可降解高阻隔薄膜。
实施例4
S1:取分子量6000-7000g/mol的PHBV85份,搅拌溶解在180份溶剂(体积比7:2的氯仿和乙醇的混合溶剂)中,同时加入PDLA6份溶解,再加入0.13份引发剂对甲苯磺酸和0.15份扩链剂巴斯夫joncrylADR-4368-CS,搅拌溶解。溶解完成后,加压至0.2Mpa以上升温至80℃,共聚反应2.5小时,生成大分子链的PHBV/PDLA共聚物;
S2:将2份改性纳米蒙脱土和1.5份2000g/molPEG搅拌溶解于适量的溶剂中,将溶液与步骤S1的溶液混合搅拌均匀;
S3:在650份去离子水中加入2.8份吐温41,搅拌得到预乳化液,将步骤S2得到的溶液加入到预乳化液中,经过18000rpm高速搅拌剪切以及800kHz下超声分散15min,得到o/w型pickering乳液;
S4:将步骤S3的乳液冷却至常温,用真空泵进行降压,同时进行空气吹扫,降压至5kpa以下,降低VOC至30g/L以下;
S5:在步骤S4中的乳液中加入0.8份水溶性聚六亚甲基双胍,搅拌反应1小时,得到可降解高阻隔乳液。
本发明将实施例1~4制备的可降解高阻隔乳液涂布在双向拉伸聚乳酸薄膜(BOPLA)上,涂布厚度为2.0微米,得到可降解高阻隔薄膜。
表1 实施例1~4制备的薄膜的性能测试结果
测试标准 | 单位 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | |
氧气透过率 | GB/T 19789-2005 | cm<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>*24h | 24.6 | 22.5 | 21.7 | 22.3 |
抗菌性能 | QB/T 2591-2003 | % | 98.3 | 99.2 | 99 | 97.5 |
降解时间 | GB/T 19277.1-2011 | day | 143 | 138 | 125 | 136 |
由以上实施例可知,本发明提供了一种降解高阻隔乳液,以重量份数计,包括以下原料:70-90份聚3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV),100-200份溶剂,5-10份右旋聚乳酸(PDLA),0.1-0.3份引发剂,0.1-0.2份扩链剂,1-5份改性纳米蒙脱土,1-2份聚乙二醇,300-800份水,1-5份乳化剂和0.5-2份水溶性抗菌剂。上述乳液具有优异阻隔性能;还具有优异可降解性;应用在可降解薄膜上,使得薄膜能够达到软包装的阻隔性能,大大扩展可降解薄膜的使用范围,具有优异的应用前景。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种可降解高阻隔薄膜,其特征在于,采用可降解高阻隔乳液涂布在可降解薄膜表面;所述乳液涂布的厚度为0.5~5微米;
所述可降解高阻隔乳液,以重量份数计,包括以下原料:
70-90份聚3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯共聚物,100-200份溶剂, 5-10份右旋聚乳酸,0.1-0.3份引发剂,0.1-0.2份扩链剂,1-5份改性纳米蒙脱土,1-2份聚乙二醇,300-800份水,1-5份乳化剂和0.5-2份水溶性抗菌剂;
所述聚3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯共聚物的数均分子量为5000~12000g/mol;所述右旋聚乳酸的分子量为5000~12000g/mol;
所述溶剂选自氯仿和乙醇的混合溶剂;
所述引发剂为对甲苯磺酸;
所述扩链剂选自巴斯夫joncryl ADR -4368-CS;
所述聚乙二醇的分子量为500~3000g/mol;
所述乳化剂选自吐温20、吐温21、吐温40、吐温41、吐温80、吐温81和吐温85中的一种或多种;
所述抗菌剂选自氨丙基双胍和/或聚六亚甲基双胍。
2.根据权利要求1的可降解高阻隔薄膜,其特征在于,所述可降解高阻隔乳液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将聚3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)、溶剂、右旋聚乳酸(PDLA)、引发剂和扩链剂混合,搅拌溶解,加压升温进行共聚反应,得到PHBV/PDLA共聚物;
将改性纳米蒙脱土和聚乙二醇混合,再与PHBV/PDLA共聚物混合均匀,得到混合物;
将水和乳化剂混合,得到的预乳化液和混合物混合,高速搅拌及超声分散,得到水包油型乳液,冷却,降压,空气吹扫,待VOC含量降至30g/L以下后加入抗菌剂,反应,得到可降解高阻隔乳液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可降解高阻隔薄膜,其特征在于,所述共聚反应的温度为70~90℃,共聚反应的时间为2~6h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可降解高阻隔薄膜,其特征在于,所述高速搅拌的速度为6000~20000rpm;
所述超声分散的频率为500~200000Hz,功率大于等于1000W。
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