CN113665110B

CN113665110B - 3D printer head, 3D printer and leveling method of 3D printer

Info

Publication number: CN113665110B
Application number: CN202110915010.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 靖昆鹏; 张淑莲; 孙中海
Original assignee: Mingda Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Mingda Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-10
Filing date: 2021-08-10
Publication date: 2022-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-10
Also published as: CN113665110A

Abstract

The application relates to a 3D printer head, a 3D printer and a leveling method of the 3D printer, wherein the 3D printer head comprises a shell and a printing assembly arranged in the shell, the printing assembly and the shell are connected through an elastic connecting piece, a displacement sensor used for detecting displacement of the printing assembly is arranged on the shell, the printing assembly comprises a feeding mechanism used for conveying materials, a melting assembly used for melting the materials and a printing nozzle used for spraying the melted materials, and a guide assembly used for being connected with a printer body is arranged on the shell; the 3D printer leveling method comprises the steps of determining N sampling coordinate points on a printing platform; acquiring Z-axis coordinates of sampling coordinate points of the printing platform; fitting a virtual plane according to the acquired Z-axis coordinate of the sampling coordinate point; compensate the Z axle according to the distance between virtual plane and the true plane at the printing in-process, the application has the precision that promotes the 3D printer leveling, is convenient for carry out the effect of leveling.

Description

3D printer head, 3D printer and leveling method of 3D printer

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of 3D printers and leveling methods thereof, in particular to a 3D printer head, a 3D printer and a leveling method of the 3D printer.

Background

The currently commonly used FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printer uses a Fused Deposition manufacturing process, and uses a thermoplastic material, such as wax, ABS, nylon, etc., which is fed in a filament shape, and the material is heated and melted in a nozzle, and the nozzle moves along the cross-sectional profile and filling track of the part, and simultaneously extrudes the melted material, and the material is rapidly solidified and coagulated with the surrounding material.

The existing FDM 3D printer needs to be leveled to enable the flatness of a printing platform to be smaller than 0.2mm before printing, otherwise, the printing effect is poor, and the printing success rate is low. The existing leveling schemes are mostly realized by a mechanical structure in a manual mode.

Aiming at the related technologies, the inventor thinks that leveling through a mechanical structure has the problems of more human factors, poorer precision, structural limitation and inconvenient operation.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to promote the precision of 3D printer leveling, be convenient for carry out the leveling, this application provides a 3D printer aircraft nose, 3D printer and 3D printer's leveling method.

The first aspect, this application discloses a 3D printer head adopts following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a 3D printer head, includes the casing and sets up the printing element in the casing, connect through elastic connection spare between printing element and the casing, be provided with the displacement sensor who is used for detecting the printing element displacement on the casing, printing element is including the feeding mechanism who is used for transmitting the material, the melting subassembly that is used for the hot melt material and the printing shower nozzle that is used for blowout melting material, be provided with the direction subassembly that is used for being connected with print platform on the casing.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during the printing, feeding mechanism drives the material and removes in making the material enter into the melting subassembly, the melting subassembly makes the material melt with the material heating, the molten material is through printing the shower nozzle blowout, print shower nozzle and print platform contact when the leveling, print platform exerts the reaction force to printing the shower nozzle, lead to printing the subassembly rebound, make elastic connection spare take place deformation, displacement sensor can detect the displacement of printing the subassembly, detect the roughness that can comparatively accurate detection print platform through displacement sensor, so as to carry out the leveling.

Optionally, the feeding mechanism comprises a support frame, a driving roller and a driven roller which are arranged in parallel are rotatably connected to the support frame, a material passing channel for materials to pass through is formed between the driving roller and the driven roller, a motor for driving the driving roller to rotate is arranged on the support frame, a first gear is arranged on the driving roller, and a second gear meshed with the first gear is arranged on the driven roller.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the motor can drive the drive roll rotatory when switching on, and the drive roll can drive first gear rotatory, and first gear drives the second gear rotation through the meshing and then drives the driven voller rotatory, makes the opposite direction of rotation of drive roll and driven voller because the transmission of gear, and drive roll and driven voller are located the both sides of material respectively in order to drive the material and remove.

Optionally, the printing assembly further comprises an adjusting assembly for adjusting the distance between the driving roller and the driven roller, the adjusting assembly comprises an adjusting seat movably connected to the support ring frame, and the driven roller is rotatably connected to the adjusting seat.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, to the material of different diameters, can remove the wheel base of adjusting between seat in order to adjust drive roll and the driven voller, make drive roll and driven voller can press from both sides tightly in the both sides of material all the time to the material of different diameters is transmitted.

Optionally, one end of the adjusting seat is hinged to the supporting frame, the supporting frame is connected with an adjusting rod in a threaded mode, the adjusting rod is movably arranged on the adjusting seat in a penetrating mode, a blocking ring is arranged on the adjusting rod, and acting force towards the direction of the driving roller is applied to the adjusting seat by the blocking ring.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can drive during the rotation regulation pole and keep off the ring and remove and then make and keep off the ring and drive the regulation seat and rotate around the pin joint, adjust the seat and can drive the driven voller and remove, and then change the wheel base between drive roll and the driven voller.

Optionally, a sliding groove is formed in the support frame, the adjusting seat is connected in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, an adjusting rod is connected to the support frame through threads, and a spring is arranged between the adjusting rod and the support frame.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can exert pressure to the spring during rotatory regulation pole, and then drive and adjust the seat and remove along the spout, adjust the seat and can drive the driven voller and remove, and then change the wheel base between drive roll and the driven voller, make through setting up the spring and adjust the pole and adjust and be flexonics between the seat for the transmission to the material is more smooth.

Optionally, the displacement sensor includes a hall sensor fixed on the support frame, a magnet is fixed on the housing, and the magnet is located right above the hall sensor.

By adopting the technical scheme, the Hall voltage changes along with the change of the magnetic field intensity, and the magnetic field is stronger and the voltage is higher when the Hall sensor is closer to the magnet; when the Hall sensor is farther away from the magnet, the magnetic field is weaker, the voltage is lower, the Hall voltage value is very small, and the displacement of the printing assembly can be accurately reflected.

In a second aspect, the application discloses a 3D printer, which adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a 3D printer, includes foretell aircraft nose, printer body is including printing the base, be provided with print platform and removal frame on printing the base, it includes the crossbeam to remove the frame, the direction subassembly includes two sets of leading wheels of rotating the connection on the casing, and two sets of leading wheels are located the both sides that the crossbeam is relative respectively with the centre gripping on the crossbeam.

In a third aspect, the application discloses a leveling method for a 3D printer, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a leveling method of a 3D printer comprises the following steps:

determining N sampling coordinate points on a printing platform;

acquiring Z-axis coordinates of sampling coordinate points of the printing platform;

fitting a virtual plane according to the acquired Z-axis coordinate of the sampling coordinate point;

and compensating the Z axis according to the distance between the virtual plane and the real plane in the printing process.

By adopting the technical scheme, the plurality of sampling coordinate points are taken on the printing platform, the Z-axis coordinate of the sampling points is obtained, the actual coordinate of the printing platform can be obtained, the distance between the virtual printing plane and the real plane can be calculated in the printing process, and the Z-axis is compensated, so that the leveling-free purpose is realized.

Optionally, the step of determining N sampling coordinate points on the printing platform is:

n is the square number of an integer N, and N is more than or equal to 2;

the sampling points are uniformly arranged on the printing platform in a matrix at intervals.

By adopting the technical scheme, the sampling points are arranged in a matrix, and the actual flatness of the printing platform can be accurately reflected.

Optionally, the step of obtaining the Z-axis coordinate of the sampling coordinate point of the printing platform includes:

controlling the printing assembly to touch a sampling coordinate point of the printing platform in the Z-axis direction;

the printing platform applies a reaction force to the printing assembly to cause the printing assembly to slightly deform, and after the printing assembly deforms, the distance between the magnet and the Hall sensor slightly changes;

the Hall sensor senses the position change of the printing assembly and marks the position of a 0 point of the Z axis on a coordinate system.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to print the Z axle coordinate that the subassembly measured the sampling point, need not to use extra measuring device, it is comparatively convenient to use.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. by arranging the shell and the printing assembly and arranging the displacement sensor between the shell and the printing assembly, the displacement of the printing assembly can be detected through the sensor, and then the Z-axis coordinate of the printing platform is detected;

2. by arranging the adjusting assembly, aiming at materials with different diameters, the adjusting seat can be moved to adjust the distance between the driving roller and the driven roller, so that the driving roller and the driven roller can be always clamped on two sides of the materials, and the materials with different diameters can be conveniently transmitted;

3. by arranging the Hall sensor and fitting a virtual surface through the Z-axis coordinate of the sampling point, the Z-axis can be automatically compensated according to the distance between the virtual plane and the real plane, the precision is high, and manual leveling is not needed.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printer according to embodiment 1 of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the handpiece of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the handpiece of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the feed mechanism of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the handpiece of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a handpiece in embodiment 2 of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of sampling coordinate points in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a Hall sensor receiving plate design;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a signal acquisition board for a hall sensor.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a printing platform; 2. a machine head; 3. a printing base; 4. a movable frame; 5. a housing; 6. a guide assembly; 7. an adjustment assembly; 71. an adjusting seat; 72. a baffle ring; 73. adjusting a rod; 74. a spring; 75. a chute; 8. a feeding mechanism; 81. a support frame; 82. threading a bobbin; 83. a motor; 84. a driving gear; 85. a drive roll; 86. a driven gear; 87. a driven roller; 88. a second gear; 89. a first gear; 9. a melting assembly; 91. a heating block; 92. a heating head; 10. printing a spray head; 11. an elastic connecting member; 12. a material passing groove; 13. a heat sink; 14. a heat radiation fan; 15. a Hall sensor; 16. and a magnet.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-9.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, on the one hand, this application discloses a 3D printer, including printing base 3, be provided with print platform 1 and removal frame 4 on the printing base 3, install printer head 2 on the removal frame 4, remove and put up 4 and can drive printer head 2 and remove, printer head 2 can print the work piece on print platform 1.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the moving frame 4 includes a cross beam and a vertical beam, the vertical beam being horizontally movable on the printing platform 1, and the cross beam being vertically movable on the vertical beam. Printer head 2 includes

casing

5, and 5 outer walls of casing are provided with direction subassembly 6, are provided with printing assembly in the casing 5. The guide assembly 6 comprises two groups of guide wheels which are rotatably connected to the shell 5, one group of guide wheels is positioned above the beam, the other group of guide wheels is positioned below the beam, and the two groups of guide wheels are clamped on two sides of the beam, so that the shell 5 can horizontally move on the beam.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the printing assembly includes a feeding mechanism 8 for conveying the material, a melting assembly 9 for melting the material, and a printing head 10 for ejecting the melted material. The feeding mechanism 8 comprises a supporting frame 81, a vertically arranged threading cylinder 82 is arranged at the top of the supporting frame 81, and the threading cylinder 82 is used for allowing strip-shaped materials to pass through and guiding the materials. A motor 83 is fixed on the supporting frame 81, a driving gear 84 is coaxially fixed on an output shaft of the motor 83, a driving roller 85 is rotatably connected on the supporting frame 81, a driven gear 86 meshed with the driving gear 84 is coaxially fixed on the driving roller 85, the driving gear 84 can be driven to rotate when the motor 83 is powered on, and the driving gear 84 drives the driven gear 86 to rotate so as to drive the driving roller 85 to rotate.

Be provided with adjusting part 7 on the support frame 81, adjusting part 7 is including adjusting seat 71, adjusts the bottom of seat 71 and articulates on support frame 81, adjusts and rotates on the seat 71 and is connected with the driven voller 87 parallel with the initiative, is fixed with second gear 88 on the driven voller 87, and coaxial fixed has the first gear 89 with second gear 88 meshing on the drive roll 85, and the drive roll 85 can drive the driven voller 87 rotation through the cooperation of first gear 89 and second gear 88 when rotatory. The driving roller 85 and the driven roller 87 are respectively provided with a material passing groove 12 along the circumferential direction, and the two material passing grooves 12 are opposite to each other to form a material passing channel for materials to pass through.

The support frame 81 is in threaded connection with an adjusting rod 73, the adjusting rod 73 is movably arranged on the adjusting seat 71 in a penetrating mode, a blocking ring 72 is arranged at one end, away from the support frame 81, of the adjusting rod 73, a spring 74 is arranged on the blocking ring 72 and the adjusting seat 71, the spring 74 is sleeved on the adjusting rod 73, the blocking ring 72 applies pressure to the spring 74 to enable the spring 74 to be compressed, and then the spring 74 applies acting force towards the direction of the driving roller 85 to the adjusting seat 71.

Referring to fig. 2, the melting assembly 9 includes a heating block 91 located below the material passing channel, a heating head 92 is mounted on the heating block 91, and when the heating head 92 is powered on, the heating block 91 is heated, so that the material in the heating block 91 is melted and ejected from the printing head 10.

The cooling assembly located between the material passing channel and the melting assembly 9 is fixed on the supporting frame 81, the cooling assembly comprises cooling fins 13, material passing holes for materials to pass through are formed in the cooling fins 13, a cooling fan 14 is arranged on one side of the supporting frame 81, the cooling fan 14 can drive air to flow when being powered on, heat dissipation of the cooling fins 13 is accelerated, the materials are prevented from being heated and melted before entering the melting assembly 9, and the materials can pass through smoothly.

Referring to fig. 5, a displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of the printing assembly is disposed on the housing 5, the displacement sensor includes a hall sensor 15 fixed on a support frame 81, a magnet 16 is fixed on the housing 5, and the magnet 16 is located right above the hall sensor 15. When the printing assembly moves up and down, the hall sensor 15 approaches/moves away from the magnet 16, and the hall sensor 15 can detect the displacement of the printing assembly according to the change of the magnetic field intensity.

Print between subassembly and the casing 5 and be connected through elastic connection spare 11, elastic connection spare 11 is for being the steel sheet that Z shape set up, and steel sheet integrated into one piece then the shaping Z shape of buckling, the one end and the 5 fixed connection of casing of steel sheet, the other end and print subassembly fixed connection, when printing the subassembly and receiving ascending power, can make the steel sheet take place elastic deformation, after external force eliminates, the steel sheet can recover.

The implementation principle of the 3D printer of embodiment 1 of this application does: when the printer works, the vertical beam can horizontally move on the printing platform 1, the cross beam can vertically move on the vertical beam, the printer head 2 can horizontally move along the cross beam, three kinematic pairs in three groups do not interfere with each other, and three-axis linkage of the printer head 2 is realized. When in printing, the strip-shaped material penetrates into the material passing channel from the threading cylinder 82, the motor 83 is powered on and started, the driving roller 85 and the driven roller 87 are driven by the motor through gear transmission to synchronously rotate, the driving roller 85 and the driven roller 87 drive the material belt to move downwards, the material belt is heated and melted in the heating block 91, and then the material belt is sprayed out through the printing spray head 10.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 6, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the supporting frame 81 is provided with a sliding groove 75 which is horizontally arranged, the adjusting seat 71 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 75, the supporting frame 81 is in threaded connection with an adjusting rod 73, and a spring 74 is arranged between the adjusting rod 73 and the supporting frame 81. When the adjustment lever 73 is rotated, the adjustment lever 73 can be moved horizontally, and the adjustment lever 73 compresses the spring 74, so that the spring 74 applies an urging force to the adjustment seat 71 in the direction of the drive roller 85, and the driven roller 87 can abut the material belt against the drive roller 85.

The application also discloses a leveling method of the 3D printer, which comprises the following steps:

s100, determining N sampling coordinate points on the printing platform 1; the number N of sampling coordinate points is determined on the printing platform 1 to be the square number of an integer N, wherein N is greater than or equal to 2.

Referring to fig. 7, N in this embodiment is 9, as shown in fig. 4: taking 9 coordinate points: p1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9; the sampling points are uniformly arranged on the printing platform 1 in a matrix at intervals.

S200, acquiring a Z-axis coordinate of a sampling coordinate point of the printing platform 1, taking the coordinate point P1 as an example, controlling a printing head of the 3D printer to move to the coordinate point P1, wherein the printing head is subjected to a reaction force, and the elastic connecting piece 11 deforms, so that the distance between the Hall sensor 15 and the magnet 16 changes, the Hall sensor 15 senses the change of a magnetic field, and the output voltage of the Hall sensor 15 changes accordingly. At this time, the hall board transmits a voltage signal to the main board, and after the main board receives the signal, the main board determines that the spatial position is the position Z1 of the 0 point in the Z-axis direction of the coordinate point P1. By analogy, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, Z8, Z9 can be obtained. The working principle of the hall sensor refers to the design principle diagram of the receiving board of fig. 8 and the design principle diagram of the signal acquisition board of fig. 9.

S300, fitting a virtual plane according to the acquired Z-axis coordinate of the sampling coordinate point; these 9 dots decouple the printing platform 11 into 4 squares, namely: p1, P2, P4 and P5 form a square; p2, P3, P5 and P6 form a square; p4, P5, P7 and P8 form a square; p5, P6, P8, P9 form a square. Then, the flatness of each small square will decrease with decreasing size, and in practical applications, it is only necessary that the flatness of each small square is less than 0.2 mm. Therefore, the number of the coordinate points is determined according to the flatness of each small square, and on the basis that the flatness of each small square is less than 0.2mm, the fewer the coordinate points are, the better the coordinate points are, so that the time for automatic leveling can be reduced as much as possible, and the leveling process is simplified.

S400, compensating the Z axis according to the distance between the virtual plane and the real plane in the printing process; in operation, any point can be set as the 0 point position of the printing platform 11, for example: with central point P5 as the 11 original points of print platform, when carrying out the print task, if the print head moved to P4 by P5, 3D printer will calculate the difference in height sigma between Z4 and Z5 at first to in the removal in-process, carry out the compensation-sigma of Z axle direction, thereby realize successfully printing.

The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a 3D printer which characterized in that: the automatic feeding device comprises a printer body and a machine head, wherein the machine head comprises a shell (5) and a printing assembly arranged in the shell (5), the printing assembly is connected with the shell (5) through an elastic connecting piece (11), a displacement sensor used for detecting the displacement of the printing assembly is arranged on the shell (5), the printing assembly comprises a feeding mechanism (8) used for conveying materials, a melting assembly (9) used for melting the materials and a printing nozzle (10) used for spraying the melting materials, and a guide assembly (6) used for being connected with the printer body is arranged on the shell (5); the feeding mechanism (8) comprises a supporting frame (81), a driving roller (85) and a driven roller (87) which are arranged in parallel are rotatably connected to the supporting frame (81), a material passing channel for materials to pass through is formed between the driving roller (85) and the driven roller (87), a motor (83) for driving the driving roller (85) to rotate is arranged on the supporting frame (81), a first gear (89) is arranged on the driving roller (85), and a second gear (88) meshed with the first gear (89) is arranged on the driven roller (87); a sliding groove (75) is formed in the supporting frame (81), an adjusting rod (73) is connected to the supporting frame (81) in a threaded mode, and a spring (74) is arranged between the adjusting rod (73) and the supporting frame (81); the displacement sensor comprises a Hall sensor (15) fixed on a support frame (81), a magnet (16) is fixed on a shell (5), the magnet (16) is located right above the Hall sensor (15), the printer body comprises a printing base (3), a printing platform (1) and a moving frame (4) are arranged on the printing base (3), the moving frame (4) comprises a cross beam, a guide assembly (6) comprises two groups of guide wheels connected to the shell (5) in a rotating mode, and the two groups of guide wheels are located on two opposite sides of the cross beam respectively and are clamped on the cross beam.

2. The 3D printer of claim 1, wherein: the printing assembly further comprises an adjusting assembly (7) used for adjusting the wheel base of the driving roller (85) and the driven roller (87), the adjusting assembly (7) comprises an adjusting seat (71) movably connected to the supporting ring frame, and the driven roller (87) is rotatably connected to the adjusting seat (71).

3. 3D printer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the one end of adjusting seat (71) articulates on support frame (81), threaded connection has regulation pole (73) on support frame (81), adjust pole (73) activity and wear to establish on adjusting seat (71), be provided with on adjusting pole (73) and keep off ring (72), keep off ring (72) and apply the effort towards drive roll (85) direction to adjusting seat (71).

4. A leveling method of a 3D printer using the 3D printer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:

determining N sampling coordinate points on a printing platform (1);

acquiring a Z-axis coordinate of a sampling coordinate point of the printing platform (1);

the step of acquiring the Z-axis coordinate of the sampling coordinate point of the printing platform (1) comprises the following steps:

controlling the printing assembly to touch a sampling coordinate point of the printing platform (1) in the Z-axis direction;

the printing platform (1) can apply a reaction force to the printing assembly to cause the printing assembly to slightly deform, and after the deformation, the distance between the magnet (16) and the Hall sensor (15) can slightly change;

the Hall sensor (15) senses the position change of the printing assembly and marks the position of the 0 point of the Z axis on a coordinate system;

5. The leveling method of the 3D printer according to claim 4, wherein: the step of determining N sampling coordinate points on the printing platform (1) is as follows:

n is the square number of an integer N, and N is more than or equal to 2;

the sampling points are uniformly arranged on the printing platform (1) at intervals in a matrix manner.