CN113636976A - 异烟肼-黄酮药物共晶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
异烟肼-黄酮药物共晶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113636976A CN113636976A CN202111080628.3A CN202111080628A CN113636976A CN 113636976 A CN113636976 A CN 113636976A CN 202111080628 A CN202111080628 A CN 202111080628A CN 113636976 A CN113636976 A CN 113636976A
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- isoniazid
- crystal
- pharmaceutical
- kaempferol
- myricetin
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Abstract
本发明提供了异烟肼‑黄酮药物共晶及其制备方法。具体地,所述药物共晶为异烟肼‑山奈酚药物共晶或异烟肼‑杨梅素药物共晶。本发明药物共晶具有优异的稳定性和溶解度,更利于成药,且有利于减小异烟肼的不良反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物共晶领域,具体涉及一种异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶及异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶及其制备方法。
背景技术
异烟肼为类白色结晶性粉末、无臭,味微甜后苦,遇光渐变质,其结构式如式I所示。
异烟肼易溶于水、溶于乙醇、难溶于乙醚。异烟肼被用作高效、低毒、价廉的抗结核病首选药物。主要用于各型肺结核,也可用于结核性脑膜炎和其他肺外结核等。其中异烟肼对结核杆菌有高度选择性,抗菌力强,在试管中0.025~0.05mg/L的浓度即可抑菌,较高浓度对繁殖期细菌有杀菌作用。
异烟肼属于一线的抗结核药,其主要不良反应是周围神经炎和肝功能损害。所以在口服异烟肼的同时建议患者定期复查肝功能。还有动物实验证明,异烟肼有致癌阳性报道。
所以本领域需要提供利于成药,并能降低异烟肼不良反应的药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利于成药,并能降低异烟肼不良反应的药物。
本发明第一方面,提供了异烟肼-黄酮药物共晶,所述药物共晶为异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶或异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶为异烟肼与山奈酚化学计量比为1:2的共晶。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶PXRD图谱还在一个或多个选自下组的2θ值处具有特征峰:8.1±0.2°、10.2±0.2°、17.4±0.2°、20.8±0.2°、26.8±0.2°。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶PXRD图谱还在一个或多个选自下组的2θ值处具有特征峰:8.8±0.2°、13.6±0.2°、16.3±0.2°、18.1±0.2°、18.6±0.2°、22.2±0.2°、27.6±0.2°。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶PXRD图谱还在一个或多个选自下组的2θ值处具有特征峰:15.1±0.2°、21.8±0.2°、24.3±0.2°、27.3±0.2°、28.0±0.2°、32.2±0.2°。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶PXRD图谱在表1所列的2θ值处具有特征峰。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶具有一个或多个选自下组的特征:
(a)所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的PXRD图基本如图3所示;
(b)所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的DSC图基本如图4所示;
(c)所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的TGA图基本如图5所示;
(d)所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的溶出曲线基本如图6所示;和/或
(e)所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的DVS图基本如图7所示。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶为异烟肼与杨梅素化学计量比为1:1的共晶。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶PXRD图谱还在一个或多个选自下组的2θ值处具有特征峰:8.8±0.2°、14.8±0.2°、15.6±0.2°、30.1±0.2°。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶PXRD图谱还在一个或多个选自下组的2θ值处具有特征峰:9.5±0.2°、14.1±0.2°、17.7±0.2°、22.9±0.2°。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶PXRD图谱还在一个或多个选自下组的2θ值处具有特征峰:14.4±0.2°、24.4±0.2°、25.3±0.2°、39.2±0.2°。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶PXRD图谱在表2所列的2θ值处具有特征峰。
在另一优选例中,所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶具有一个或多个选自下组的特征:
(a)所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的PXRD图基本如图8所示;
(b)所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的DSC图基本如图9所示;
(c)所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的TGA图基本如图10所示;
(d)所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的溶出曲线基本如图11所示;和/或
(e)所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的DVS图基本如图12所示。
本发明第二方面,提供了一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括如本发明第一方面所述的异烟肼-山奈酚共晶和/或异烟肼-杨梅素共晶作为活性成分。
在另一优选例中,所述药物组合物还包括药学上可接受的载体。
在另一优选例中,所述药物组合物中,所述活性成分为0.01-99.9wt%,较佳地,1-99wt%。
在另一优选例中,所述药物组合物的剂型选自下组:液体制剂(如溶液、乳液、悬浮液)、固体制剂(如冻干制剂)。
在另一优选例中,所述剂型选自下组:注射剂(如注射液或粉针剂)、口服制剂(如胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、糖浆、口服液或酊剂),更佳地,优选地,所述剂型为注射剂。
本发明第三方面,提供了一种制备如本发明第一方面所述药物共晶的制备方法,包括步骤:
提供异烟肼及黄酮化合物在惰性溶剂I中的溶液,挥发溶剂、干燥,从而得到所述药物共晶,其中,所述黄酮化合物为山奈酚或杨梅素。
在另一优选例中,所述惰性溶剂I独立地为异烟肼及所述黄酮化合物的良溶剂,较佳地,所述惰性溶剂I选自下组:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、三氟乙酸、四氢呋喃、丙酮、水,或其组合。
在另一优选例中,所述挥发的温度为4~40℃,优选地,25±5℃。
在另一优选例中,所述挥发为静置挥发。
本发明第四方面,提供了一种制备如本发明第一方面所述的药物共晶的制备方法,包括步骤:
提供异烟肼及黄酮化合物在惰性溶剂II中的悬浮液,搅拌、挥发溶剂、干燥,从而得到所述药物共晶,其中,所述黄酮化合物为山奈酚或杨梅素。
在另一优选例中,惰性溶剂II选自下组:乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚、苯甲醚、正己烷、环己烷,或其组合。
在另一优选例中,所述挥发的温度为4~40℃,优选地,25±5℃。
在另一优选例中,所述挥发为静置挥发。
本发明第五方面,提供了如本发明第一方面所述的药物共晶或本发明第二方面所述的药物组合物的用途,用于制备一药物,所述药物用于预防和/或治疗结核病。
在另一优选例中,所述药物用于预防和/或治疗结核病且用于降低异烟肼的不良反应。
在另一优选例中,所述不良反应包括(但并不限于):肝损伤、周围神经炎,或其组合。
在另一优选例中,所述结核病选自下组:肺结核、淋巴结核、骨结核、肾结核、肠结核、结核性脑膜炎、结核性胸膜炎、结核性腹膜炎,或其组合。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。
附图说明
图1为异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的单晶结构图;
图2为异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的单晶结构图;
图3异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的PXRD图;
图4异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的DSC图;
图5异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的TGA图;
图6山奈酚、异烟肼-山奈酚共晶以及异烟肼和山奈酚物理混合物的溶出曲线;
图7山奈酚和异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的DVS图;
图8异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的PXRD图;
图9异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的DSC图;
图10异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的TGA图;
图11杨梅素、异烟肼-杨梅素共晶以及异烟肼和杨梅素物理混合物溶出曲线;
图12杨梅素、异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的DVS附图。
具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究,通过大量筛选和测试,提供了异烟肼-黄酮共晶及其制备方法。本发明首次提供了异烟肼与黄酮类化合物山奈酚或杨梅素形成的药物共晶,所述药物共晶改善了山奈酚、杨梅素的溶解度,提高了其吸湿稳定性,同时可减弱异烟肼对人体肝脏造成损伤等不良反应。在此基础上完成了本发明。
术语
除非另有定义,否则本文中所用的全部技术术语和科学术语均具有如本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
如本文所用,在提到具体列举的数值中使用时,术语“约”意指该值可以从列举的值变动不多于1%。例如,如本文所用,表述“约100”包括99和101和之间的全部值(例如,99.1、99.2、99.3、99.4等)。
如本文所用,术语“含有”或“包括(包含)”可以是开放式、半封闭式和封闭式的。换言之,所述术语也包括“基本上由…构成”、或“由…构成”。
如本文所用,术语“室温”或“常温”是指温度为4-40℃,较佳地,25±5℃。
如本文所用,术语“n个或n个以上”指包括n以及大于n的任意正整数(例如n、n+1、…),其中上限Nup为该组中所有值的个数。例如“1个或1个以上”不仅包括1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10…上限Nup各个正整数,还包括“2个或2个以上”、“3个或3个以上”、“4个或4个以上”、“5个或5个以上”、“6个或6个以上”、“7个或7个以上”、“8个或8个以上”、“9个或9个以上”、“10个或10个以上”等范围。
在本发明中,术语“异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶”与“异烟肼-山奈酚共晶”可互换使用。在本发明中,术语“异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶”与“异烟肼-杨梅素共晶”可互换使用。
黄酮化合物
黄酮类化合物是当今保健食品研究的热门,它们具有广泛的抗氧化性能,能清除“体内垃圾”,使人保持青春。
山奈酚、杨梅素属于多羟基黄酮类化合物,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、保护肝脏等药理作用,广泛存在于水果、蔬菜以及一些中草药的次级代谢产物中。长期膳食可预防和/或治疗多种疾病。
因此,在本发明中,通过将山奈酚或杨梅素与异烟肼形成药物共晶,所述药物共晶可同时具有两者的药效,在治疗肺结核的同时,可发挥山奈酚和杨梅素的保肝护肝作用,从而减小和/或消除异烟肼的不良反应,如肝毒性。
活性成分
如本文所用,术语“活性成分”或“活性化合物”指本发明的异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶、异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶,或其组合。
药物共晶
由两种或两种以上的化学物质共同形成的晶态物质被称为共晶物,共晶物属晶型物质范畴。共晶中的其中至少一种组成成分为药物活性成分时,称为药物共晶。
异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶
所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的分子式为[2C15H10O6·C6H7N3O],共晶中不存在任何结晶的溶剂分子。单晶结构如图1所示,由一个异烟肼分子和两个山奈酚分子通过氢键O6–H6…O13及O12–H12…O6结合,形成化学计量比为1:2的基本结构单元。该药物共晶属于单斜晶系,空间群为P21。
PXRD图谱显示,异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶在下组的2θ值处具有特征峰:8.1±0.2°、10.2±0.2°、17.4±0.2°、20.8±0.2°、26.8±0.2°。
本发明所述的异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶提高了山奈酚的溶解度,实验证明有利于发挥山奈酚对异烟肼肝毒性的抑制作用,同时改善山奈酚环境温度下吸湿性,在室温条件下放置仍能保持稳定。
异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶
所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的分子式为[C15H10O8·C6H7N3O],共晶中不存在任何结晶的溶剂分子。单晶结构如图2所示,由一个异烟肼分子和一个杨梅素分子通过氢键结合在一起构成基本结构单元。该药物共晶属于单斜晶系,空间群为P21/n。
PXRD图谱显示,异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶在下组的2θ值处具有特征峰:8.8±0.2°、14.8±0.2°、15.6±0.2°、30.1±0.2°。
本发明的异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶提高了杨梅素的溶解度,实验证明有利于发挥杨梅素对异烟肼肝毒性的抑制作用,同时改善了杨梅素在常温环境吸湿性,在室温条件下放置仍能保持稳定。
制备方法
本发明的异烟肼-黄酮药物共晶可采用本领域常用的方法制备。
特别地,一种优选地方法包括步骤:提供异烟肼及黄酮化合物在惰性溶剂I中的溶液,挥发溶剂、干燥,从而得到所述药物共晶,其中,所述黄酮化合物为山奈酚或杨梅素。
在另一优选例中,所述惰性溶剂I独立地为异烟肼及所述黄酮化合物的良溶剂,较佳地,所述惰性溶剂I选自下组:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、三氟乙酸、四氢呋喃、丙酮、水,或其组合。
另一种优选地方法包括步骤:提供异烟肼及黄酮化合物在惰性溶剂II中的悬浮液,搅拌、挥发溶剂、干燥,从而得到所述药物共晶,其中,所述黄酮化合物为山奈酚或杨梅素。
在另一优选例中,惰性溶剂II选自下组:乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚、苯甲醚、正己烷、环己烷,或其组合。
药物组合物及应用
本发明的药物组合物包括一种或两种上述的药物共晶作为活性成分。
本发明的药物共晶同时具有异烟肼、山奈酚和/或杨梅素的功效。且山奈酚和/或杨梅素可以对用药对象产生保护作用,因而有望降低异烟肼的不良反应(如肝毒性)。因此,本发明的药物组合物非常适合作为异烟肼的替代药物,用于(但并不限于)抗结核,如肺、淋巴、骨、肾、肠等结核,结核性脑膜炎、胸膜炎、腹膜炎等;抗抑郁或抗菌等。
本发明的药物组合物包含安全有效量范围内的本发明的活性成分及药学上可以接受的赋形剂或载体。
其中,“安全有效量”指的是:化合物(或活性成分)的量足以明显改善病情,而不至于产生严重的副作用。通常,药物组合物含有1-2000mg本发明的活性成分/剂,更佳地,含有10-200mg本发明的活性成分/剂。较佳地,所述的“一剂”为一个胶囊或药片。
“药学上可以接受的载体”指的是:一种或多种相容性固体或液体填料或凝胶物质,它们适合于人使用,而且必须有足够的纯度和足够低的毒性。“相容性”在此指的是组合物中各组份能和本发明的活性成分以及它们之间相互掺和,而不明显降低活性成分的药效。药学上可以接受的载体部分例子有纤维素及其衍生物(如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素钠、纤维素乙酸酯等)、明胶、滑石、固体润滑剂(如硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁)、硫酸钙、植物油(如豆油、芝麻油、花生油、橄榄油等)、多元醇(如丙二醇、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇等)、乳化剂 润湿剂(如十二烷基硫酸钠)、着色剂、调味剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、无热原水等。
本发明的活性成分或药物组合物的施用方式没有特别限制,代表性的施用方式包括(但并不限于):口服、瘤内、直肠、肠胃外(静脉内、肌肉内或皮下)、和局部给药。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在这些固体剂型中,活性成分与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,或与下述成分混合:(a)填料或增容剂,例如,微晶纤维素、淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸;(b)粘合剂,例如,羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;(c)保湿剂,例如,甘油;(d)崩解剂,例如,琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐、碳酸钠、交联聚维酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠;(e)缓溶剂,例如石蜡;(f)吸收加速剂,例如,季胺化合物;(g)润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(h)吸附剂,例如,高岭土;和(i)润滑剂,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠,或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂中,剂型也可包含缓冲剂。
固体剂型如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材制备,如肠衣和其它本领域公知的材料。它们可包含不透明剂,并且,这种组合物中活性成分的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道内的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。必要时,活性成分也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或多种形成微胶囊形式。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了活性成分外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,例知,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。
除了这些惰性稀释剂外,组合物也可包含助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。
除了活性成分外,悬浮液可包含悬浮剂,例如,乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、甲醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。
用于肠胃外注射的组合物可包含生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液,和用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
用于局部给药的本发明的活性成分的剂型包括软膏剂、散剂、贴剂、喷射剂和吸入剂。活性成分在无菌条件下与生理上可接受的载体及任何防腐剂、缓冲剂,或必要时可能需要的推进剂一起混合。
本发明的活性成分可以单独给药,或者与其他药学上可接受的化合物联合给药。
使用药物组合物时,是将安全有效量的本发明的活性成分适用于需要治疗的哺乳动物(如人),其中施用时剂量为药学上认为的有效给药剂量,对于60kg体重的人而言,日给药剂量通常为1~2000mg,优选10~500mg。当然,具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、病人健康状况等因素,这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。
本发明的主要优点包括:
1.本发明的药物共晶改善了山奈酚、杨梅素的溶解度和吸湿性,有利于减少异烟肼对肝脏造成的损伤等不良反应,非常适合作为异烟肼的替代药物。
2.本发明的药物共晶不具有任何溶剂分子,热稳定性高、吸湿性低,便于成药。
3.本发明所述药物共晶的制备方法简单易行,成本低廉,便于规模化生产。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数按重量计算。
粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)分析
本专利中X射线粉末衍射,操作和分析步骤如下:
采用Rigaku Ultima IV粉末衍射仪,该仪器采用Cu-Kα照射(40kV,40mA),于室温下使用D/tex Ultra检测器进行。扫描范围在2θ区间自3°至45°,扫描速度为20°/分钟。
包括以下的多种因素会产生与这类X射线粉末衍射分析结果相关的测量差异:(a)样品制备物(例如样品高度)中的误差,(b)仪器误差,(c)校准差异,(d)操作人员误差(包括在测定峰位置时出现的误差),和(e)物质的性质(例如优选的定向误差)。校准误差和样品高度误差经常导致所有峰在相同方向中的位移。当使用平的支架时,样品高度的小差异将导致PXRD峰位置的大位移。系统研究显示1mm的样品高度差异可以导致高至1°的2θ的峰位移。可以从X射线衍射图鉴定这些位移,并且可以通过针对所述位移进行补偿(将系统校准因子用于所有峰位置值)或再校准仪器消除所述位移。如上所述,通过应用系统校准因子使峰位置一致,可校正来自不同仪器的测量误差。
差示扫描量热(DSC)分析
采用TA Q2000差示扫描量热仪,采用N2气氛,升温速度为10℃/min。
热重(TGA)分析
采用TA Q500热重分析仪,采用N2气氛,升温速度为10℃/min。
溶出分析
采用Agilent 1260系列高效液相色谱仪,采用质量分数为0.5%的吐温80水溶液作为溶出介质,分别测量异烟肼-山奈酚和异烟肼-杨梅素共晶粉末、异烟肼/山奈酚和异烟肼/杨梅素物理混合物粉末(物理混合物与共晶的化学计量比相同)、山奈酚、杨梅素在5,10,15,20,25,30,40,50,60,120,180,240,300和360min后的溶出度。动态水分吸附(DVS)分析
采用英国SMS公司DVS intrinsic动态水分吸附仪,测试温度为25℃,步长为10%RH,测量范围0%-90%RH,吸/脱附平衡判断标准为10min内样品重量变化小于0.002%。
大鼠(Sprague Dawley,SD)肝毒性研究
实验采用成年无特定病原体(Specific pathogen Free,SPF)级的雄性SD大鼠(200~220克)。将18只SD大鼠分为6组(空白对照组、异烟肼治疗组、异烟肼-山奈酚共晶治疗组、异烟肼-杨梅素共晶治疗组、异烟肼/山奈酚物理混合物治疗组、异烟肼/杨梅素物理混合物治疗组(物理混合物与共晶的化学计量比相同),n=3)。所有治疗剂均以0.125mmol/kg动物体重的剂量(以异烟肼摩尔量计),在植物油中制备成悬浮液,经口给予动物。给药后的大鼠用水和饲料随意饲养,3天后尾静脉采血,4℃下13000rpm离心5min;大鼠血浆中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Alanineaminotransferase,ALT)水平常作为判断肝功能是否异常的指标,AST和ALT水平升高表示肝功能出现异常。实验采用双抗体(MyBioSource,美国)一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对收集的血浆进行AST和ALT的分析。
实施例1
异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的制备
称取200mg山奈酚和47.9mg异烟肼于容器中,加入5ml甲醇和5ml乙醇,溶清,静置挥发、真空干燥后得到异烟肼-山奈酚共晶(收率85.31%)。
称取200mg山奈酚和47.9mg异烟肼于容器中,加入5ml乙酸乙酯,悬浮搅拌24h,静置挥发、真空干燥后得到异烟肼-山奈酚共晶(收率89.13%)。
异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的PXRD图谱如图3所示,衍射峰列于下表1:
表1
对实施例1中的异烟肼-山奈酚共晶进行DSC、TGA、溶出度、DVS分析。
异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的DSC图如图4所示,在257.5℃出现的吸热峰对应分解过程。
异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的TGA图如图5所示。
分别测量山奈酚、山奈酚和异烟肼物理混合物、以及异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的溶出度,溶出曲线图如图6所示。异烟肼-山奈酚共晶中山奈酚溶解度达到最高时浓度为相同状态下纯组分山奈酚的2.83倍,达到最终平衡后浓度是纯组分山奈酚的1.16倍。
异烟肼-山奈酚共晶以及山奈酚的DVS测试图谱如图7。在吸附过程中,RH达到90%时山奈酚质量变化为0.5%,异烟肼-山奈酚共晶质量变化为0.13%,吸湿性得到改善。
实施例2
异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的制备
称取200mg杨梅素和86.2mg异烟肼于容器中,加入5ml甲醇和5ml乙醇,静置挥发、真空干燥后得到异烟肼-杨梅素共晶(收率80.24%)。
异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的PXRD图谱如图8所示,衍射峰列于下表2:
表2
对实施例2中的异烟肼-杨梅素共晶进行DSC、TGA、溶出度、DVS分析。
异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的DSC图如图9所示,其中254℃左右的吸热峰对应分解过程。
异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的TGA图如图10所示。
分别测量杨梅素、杨梅素和异烟肼物理混合物、以及异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的溶出度,溶出曲线图如图11所示。异烟肼-杨梅素共晶中杨梅素溶解度达到最高时浓度为相同状态下纯组分杨梅素的4.39倍,达到最终平衡后浓度是纯组分杨梅素的1.56倍。
异烟肼-杨梅素共晶以及杨梅素的DVS测试图谱如图12。在RH为20%时,杨梅素快速吸水形成水合物,质量变化为2.74%,脱附过程中,杨梅素水合物在RH为10%时快速脱去结合水。异烟肼-杨梅素共晶在吸附过程中并未形成水合物,当RH达到90%时,质量变化为0.68%,吸湿性得到改善。
实施例3
对异烟肼、异烟肼-杨梅素共晶、异烟肼/杨梅素物理混合物、杨梅素、异烟肼-山奈酚共晶、异烟肼/山奈酚物理混合物、山奈酚进行抗结核杆菌实验研究(物理混合物中两个组分的化学计量比与相对应的共晶中相同),实验选用结核杆菌标准菌株在上海市肺科医院结核实验室进行,实验结果如表3。所有药物配成10mg/ml浓度,INH溶剂是水,其他实验用药物溶剂选用DMSO。根据药物测试浓度需要,配制成测试浓度的2倍浓度,测试菌比浊到1mg/ml,1:50倍稀释后,每孔接种100ul。并设置100%,10%,1%生长对照孔。封板后,置37℃孵箱静置培养。10-14天观察结果。
表3.抗结核杆菌的MIC值
如表3所示,在0.05-6.4μg/ml测试范围,异烟肼-杨梅素共晶的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值优于异烟肼/杨梅素,为0.2μg/ml;异烟肼-山奈酚共晶的MIC值与异烟肼/山奈酚同为0.1μg/ml。
实施例4
通过6组SD大鼠实验(空白对照组、异烟肼治疗组、异烟肼-山奈酚共晶治疗组、异烟肼-杨梅素共晶治疗组、异烟肼/山奈酚物理混合物治疗组、异烟肼/杨梅素物理混合物治疗组,n=3)进行肝毒性研究,结果如表4所示。
表4.SD大鼠肝脏AST和ALT活性
从表4可以看出,在收集的血浆进行的谷草转氨酶(AST)水平检测结果中,异烟肼-杨梅素共晶组和异烟肼-山奈酚共晶组分别为150.96±2.63IU/L和114.37±1.17IU/L,略高于常规空白对照组107.85±2.25IU/L,明显优于其相应的物理混合组217.95±2.19IU/L和182.89±2.79IU/L,相较于以上5组,INH组的AST水平最高,为269.17±1.00IU/L;
在谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平的检测结果中,出现同AST相似的结果,共晶异烟肼-杨梅素组和异烟肼-山奈酚组效果优于相应的物理混合组,接近空白对照组,异烟肼组ALT水平最高,为125.82±0.97IU/L。
以上结果表明,物理混合物相比,本发明中的异烟肼-杨梅素和异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶具有显著提供的减少异烟肼对肝脏造成的损伤等不良反应的效果,非常适合作为异烟肼的替代药物。
综上所述,本发明的异烟肼-山奈酚,异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶兼具两种药物的药理活性,且其药理活性显著优于等量的物理共混物,可有效降低患者服用量,提高依从性。
此外,本发明的异烟肼-山奈酚,异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶提高了黄酮化合物的体外溶出性质及药物在高湿条件下的稳定性,具有更好的成药性,在制药过程中及体内外使用中将是更有优势和有应用前景的药物产品。
对比例1
称取10mg大豆素和5.39mg异烟肼于容器中,加入5ml甲醇和5ml乙醇,静置挥发、真空干燥。结果显示,通过PXRD图谱对比发现大豆素与异烟肼无法形成共晶,得到的粉末图谱出现大部分大豆素的特征峰。
对比例2-3
方法与对比例1基本相同,区别仅在于分别使用白杨素和染料木素代替大豆素,实验证明,白杨素和染料木素与异烟肼无法形成共晶。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (11)
1.异烟肼-黄酮药物共晶,其特征在于,所述药物共晶为异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶或异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶。
2.如权利要求1所述的药物共晶,其特征在于,所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶为异烟肼与山奈酚化学计量比为1:2的共晶。
3.如权利要求2所述的药物共晶,其特征在于,所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶PXRD图谱在下组的2θ值处具有特征峰:8.1±0.2°、10.2±0.2°、17.4±0.2°、20.8±0.2°、26.8±0.2°。
4.如权利要求2所述的药物共晶,其特征在于,所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶具有一个或多个选自下组的特征:
(a)所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的PXRD图基本如图3所示;
(b)所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的DSC图基本如图4所示;
(c)所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的TGA图基本如图5所示;
(d)所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的溶出曲线基本如图6所示;和/或
(e)所述异烟肼-山奈酚药物共晶的DVS图基本如图7所示。
5.如权利要求1所述的药物共晶,其特征在于,所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶为异烟肼与杨梅素化学计量比为1:1的共晶。
6.如权利要求5所述的药物共晶,其特征在于,所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶PXRD图谱在下组的2θ值处具有特征峰:8.8±0.2°、14.8±0.2°、15.6±0.2°、30.1±0.2°。
7.如权利要求5所述的药物共晶,其特征在于,所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶具有一个或多个选自下组的特征:
(a)所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的PXRD图基本如图8所示;
(b)所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的DSC图基本如图9所示;
(c)所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的TGA图基本如图10所示;
(d)所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的溶出曲线基本如图11所示;和/或
(e)所述异烟肼-杨梅素药物共晶的DVS图基本如图12所示。
8.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包括权利要求1所述的异烟肼-山奈酚共晶和/或异烟肼-杨梅素共晶作为活性成分。
9.一种制备如权利要求1所述药物共晶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
提供异烟肼及黄酮化合物在惰性溶剂I中的溶液,挥发溶剂、干燥,从而得到所述药物共晶,其中,所述黄酮化合物为山奈酚或杨梅素。
10.一种制备如权利要求1所述药物共晶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
提供异烟肼及黄酮化合物在惰性溶剂II中的悬浮液,搅拌、挥发溶剂、干燥,从而得到所述药物共晶,其中,所述黄酮化合物为山奈酚或杨梅素。
11.如权利要求1所述的药物共晶或如权利要求8所述的药物组合物的用途,其特征在于,用于制备一药物,所述药物用于预防和/或治疗结核病。
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