CN113611991B - Liquid crystal phase shifter, liquid crystal antenna and phase shifting method - Google Patents
Liquid crystal phase shifter, liquid crystal antenna and phase shifting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113611991B CN113611991B CN202110854666.3A CN202110854666A CN113611991B CN 113611991 B CN113611991 B CN 113611991B CN 202110854666 A CN202110854666 A CN 202110854666A CN 113611991 B CN113611991 B CN 113611991B
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
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Abstract
The application discloses liquid crystal phase shifter includes: the liquid crystal display comprises a first electrode layer (1), a liquid crystal layer (2) and a second electrode layer (3) which are arranged in sequence; the first electrode layer (1) comprises a main transmission line (11) and transmission line branches (12) which are in cross connection with the main transmission line (11), and transmission line branch switch structures (4) are arranged near the transmission line branches (12); and the second electrode layer (3) is provided with a gap (31) corresponding to the transmission line branch (12). This application utilizes transmission line minor matters switch structure control to be located the deflection state of its orthographic projection below liquid crystal, and then changes equivalent dielectric constant, finally realizes the state control of transmission line minor matters route or broken circuit to realize having or not having of electric capacity and control, reduce the inherent loss that basic electric capacity introduced, realize low-loss liquid crystal phase shifter structure from this.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a liquid crystal phase shifter, a liquid crystal antenna and a phase shifting method.
Background
In recent years, the improvement of the technology of high-performance electromagnetic liquid crystal materials provides an effective solution for the design of low-cost and low-power-consumption phased array antennas, and the liquid crystal phased array antenna technology becomes the focus of attention and research and development of a plurality of manufacturers as a revolutionary technical innovation.
At present, a plurality of technical problems are faced in the design practice of the liquid crystal phase shifter, for example, the loss is large due to the large thickness of a liquid crystal layer, the response time is long, and the like; on one hand, in order to reduce the size of the liquid crystal phase shifter, designers adopt transmission structure designs such as a snake-shaped microstrip line, a coplanar waveguide transmission line, a differential transmission line and the like; on the other hand, in order to reduce the loss of the liquid crystal phase shifter, the internal resistance of the transmission line is reduced by adopting the schemes of a thick copper process and the like. However, these solutions have limited improvement in miniaturization and low loss performance of the liquid crystal phase shifter, and increase the difficulty of the process and the difficulty of implementation.
In the existing related technical scheme, the transmission structure designs of the serpentine microstrip line, the coplanar waveguide transmission line, the differential transmission line, the slow-wave transmission line and the like adopted by designers are all based on the existing transmission line theory, and the capacitance between the transmission line and the metal floor is realized by controlling the deflection state of liquid crystal molecules, so that the function of the liquid crystal phase shifter is realized. Equivalent circuit model as shown in fig. 7 and 8, 108/106 are different types of transmission lines, and 104 is a corresponding metal floor. 108/106 and 104 are present with liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal molecule deflection is realized by controlling the voltage between 108/106 and 104, the capacitance value of the variable capacitance is controlled, and the phase delay function is realized.
However, it can be obtained from the above diagram that in the related art, the capacitance value of the variable capacitor is formed by the basic capacitor and the adjustable capacitor, and since the equivalent dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules is usually about 2 to 3 under the two states of applying voltage and not applying voltage, the actual span is 1. Therefore, the capacitance value of the basic capacitor is larger relative to that of the variable capacitor, and in order to obtain the phase shift amount introduced by the variable capacitor, the transmission loss introduced by the basic capacitor is firstly received. Therefore, it is difficult to realize low loss in the liquid crystal phase shifter in the related art.
Disclosure of Invention
Objects of the invention
The utility model aims at providing a liquid crystal phase shifter, for solving big, the high loss problem of size that current liquid crystal phase shifter exists, through the decomposition of variable capacitance and basic capacitance, the transmission loss that furthest reduced basic capacitance and introduced has realized reducing the loss and has promoted transmission efficiency's purpose under the prerequisite of equal phase shift volume.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, a first aspect of the present application provides a liquid crystal phase shifter, including: the liquid crystal display comprises a first electrode layer 1, a liquid crystal layer 2 and a second electrode layer 3 which are arranged in sequence; the first electrode layer 1 comprises a main transmission line 11 and transmission line branches 12 which are in cross connection with the main transmission line 11; a transmission line branch switch structure 4 is arranged near the transmission line branch 12; the second electrode layer 3 is provided with a gap 31 corresponding to the transmission line branch 12.
By adopting the technical scheme, the transmission line branches and the second electrode layer with the gaps form the slow-wave high-impedance transmission line, the slow-wave high-impedance transmission line has high-impedance characteristics, the width of the transmission line can be increased on the premise of ensuring impedance matching, the loss is reduced, the deflection state of the liquid crystal below the orthographic projection of the transmission line branches is controlled through the transmission line branch switch structure, the equivalent dielectric constant is further changed, and finally the state control of the connection or disconnection of the transmission line branches is realized, so that the control of the existence or the nonexistence of the capacitor is realized, the phase shift control can be realized, the inherent loss caused by the basic capacitor is reduced, and the low-loss liquid crystal phase shifter structure is realized.
Preferably, a slot switch structure 5 is further included, said slot switch structure 5 being placed in the same layer as the main transmission line 11 and the projection on the second electrode layer 3 intersecting the slot 31.
By adopting the technical scheme, the deflection state of the liquid crystal below the projection of the gap switch structure is controlled by controlling the voltage difference between the gap switch structure and the second electrode layer, so that the equivalent dielectric constant is changed, and finally the state control of the on-state or off-state of the gap structure on the second electrode layer is realized, the inductance is small when the gap structure is on the on-state, and the impedance control is realized together with the small capacitance when the transmission line branch switch structure is off the circuit; when the circuit is broken, the inductance is larger, and the impedance control is realized together with the large capacitance when the transmission line branch switch structure is switched on.
Preferably, the transmission line branches are provided in a plurality, and the plurality of transmission line branches are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the main transmission line.
Preferably, the plurality of slits are arranged at intervals along an extending direction parallel to the main transmission line, and a projection of the slits on the first electrode layer is located between two adjacent transmission line branches.
Preferably, the transmission line branch switch structure includes C-shaped resonant rings located at two ends of the transmission line branch, and the C-shaped resonant rings located at one end of the transmission line branch are symmetrically disposed at two sides of the transmission line branch.
Preferably, the gap switch structure includes two C-shaped resonant rings symmetrically disposed on two sides of the main transmission line, the two C-shaped resonant rings are concentrically disposed, and the openings of the two C-shaped resonant rings face opposite directions, and projections of the gap on the first electrode layer intersect at the positions of the openings of the two C-shaped resonant rings.
Preferably, a first substrate is arranged on one side of the first electrode layer away from the liquid crystal layer; and a second substrate is arranged on one side of the second electrode layer, which is far away from the liquid crystal layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the arrangement of the first base plate and the second base plate can provide substrates for the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
Preferably, the second electrode layer comprises a metal floor layer; the metal floor layer is deposited on the second substrate; the gaps are etched on the metal floor layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the metal floor layer has the conductive characteristic and can play a role in supporting strength.
According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a liquid crystal antenna including the liquid crystal phase shifter.
By adopting the technical scheme, the liquid crystal phase shifter is applied to the liquid crystal antenna, so that the liquid crystal antenna has the advantages of better low power consumption, high transmission efficiency and stable phase shifting quantity in the working bandwidth.
According to a third aspect of the present application, there is provided a phase shifting method for performing phase shifting using the liquid crystal phase shifter or the liquid crystal antenna.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial technical effects: the existing structure is improved into a switch structure formed by liquid crystal state change by using a liquid crystal gradual change mode, and capacitive or inductive control is realized through the transmission line branch switch structure and the gap switch structure together, so that the miniaturization and low-loss design of the liquid crystal phase shifter are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit showing a scheme for controlling the series capacitance/inductance in a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for controlling the on/off of an equivalent capacitor according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for controlling the on/off of an equivalent inductor according to the preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the control of the on/off of the equivalent capacitor and the control of the on/off of the equivalent inductor in the preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit for a prior art parallel capacitance control scheme;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit for a prior art scheme for controlling series capacitance;
reference numerals are as follows:
1. a first electrode layer; 11. a main transmission line; 12. a transmission line stub; 2. a liquid crystal layer; 3. a second electrode layer; 31. a gap; 4. a transmission line stub switch structure; 41. a C-shaped resonant ring; 5. a gap switch structure; 51. a double C-shaped resonant ring; 6. a first substrate; 7. a second substrate; 108. a transmission line;
104. a metal floor;
501. the gaps arranged at intervals form equivalent inductance;
502. the on-off state of the gap switch structure can be equivalent to a switch for controlling the on-off of the equivalent inductor;
601. the transmission line branch forms an equivalent capacitor;
602. the on-off state of the transmission line branch switch structure can be equivalent to a switch for controlling the on-off of the equivalent capacitor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It is to be understood that these descriptions are only illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a liquid crystal phase shifter, which includes a first electrode layer 1, a liquid crystal layer 2, and a second electrode layer 3, which are sequentially disposed, and both sides of the first electrode layer 1 and the second electrode layer 3 opposite to each other are in contact with the liquid crystal layer 2. The first electrode layer 1 includes a main transmission line 11 and transmission line branches 12, the transmission line branches 12 perpendicularly intersect with the main transmission line 11, and the main transmission line 11 is used for signal transmission. And transmission line branch switch structures 4 are arranged at the positions of the two ends of the transmission line branches 12 and used for controlling and realizing the state control of the open circuit or the open circuit of the transmission line branches 12.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the deflection state of the liquid crystal under the projection of the transmission line branch switch structure 4 is controlled by controlling the voltage difference between the transmission line branch switch structure 4 and the second electrode layer 3, so as to change the equivalent dielectric constant, when the equivalent dielectric constant is smaller, the function of selecting the radio frequency signal path on the transmission line branch 12 can be realized, when the equivalent dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is larger, the function of selecting the radio frequency signal path on the transmission line branch 12 for disconnection can be realized, finally, the state control of the path/disconnection of the transmission line branch 12 can be realized, and the control of the existence/nonexistence of the capacitor can be realized, thereby realizing the phase shift control, and reducing the inherent loss introduced by the basic capacitor.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, optionally, the transmission line stub switch structure 4 includes two C-shaped resonant rings 41, the two C-shaped resonant rings 41 are symmetrically disposed at two sides of the transmission line stub 12, and an opening of each C-shaped resonant ring 41 is disposed opposite to the transmission line stub 12. The C-shaped resonance ring 41 is arranged near the transmission line branch 12, so that the transmission line branch 12 and the C-shaped resonance ring 41 form a resonance effect, and after the liquid crystal dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 2 is changed by pressurizing the first electrode layer 1 and the second electrode layer 3, the resonance frequency point of the resonance structure is shifted. Before and after the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is changed, the frequencies of electromagnetic signals which can pass through the resonant structure are different, and therefore the switching effect of the transmission of the electromagnetic signals with specific frequency points is achieved.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, optionally, the transmission line branches 12 are provided in plurality, and the plurality of transmission line branches 12 are arranged at equal intervals along the extending direction of the main transmission line 11. The second electrode layer 3 is provided with a plurality of gaps 31, the arrangement of the plurality of gaps 31 is consistent with the arrangement of the transmission line branches 12, the vertical projection of the gaps 31 on the first electrode layer 1 is vertically intersected with the main transmission line 11, and the projection of each gap 31 on the first electrode layer 1 is sequentially located between two adjacent transmission line branches 12. The transmission line branches 12 and the second electrode layer 3 with the gaps 31 form a slow-wave high-impedance transmission line which has high-impedance characteristics, so that the width of the transmission line can be increased and the loss can be reduced on the premise of ensuring impedance matching; on the other hand, the transmission line branches 12 may be a slow-wave structure, the slow-wave structure is to enhance the interaction between the moving electrons and the electromagnetic field in the traveling-wave electronic device, so that the device for converting the energy of the electron current into the high-frequency energy of the electromagnetic wave more effectively requires the traveling speed of the electrons to be close to the phase speed of the electromagnetic wave, i.e. to satisfy the synchronization condition, and therefore, the phase speed of the electromagnetic wave must be slowed down, and the slow-wave structure can reduce the transmission speed of the electromagnetic wave in the structure, so that in the structure with a fixed size, the phase of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the slow-wave structure is more, the miniaturization of the phase shifter structure can be realized, and after the branches are loaded with the capacitors, the phase shift amount control can be realized by adjusting the capacitance values.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, optionally, a gap switch structure 5 is further disposed on the first electrode layer 1, the gap switch structure 5 is disposed on the same layer as the main transmission line 11, the gap switch structure 5 includes dual C-shaped resonant rings 51 symmetrically disposed on both sides of the main transmission line 11, the dual C-shaped resonant rings 51 are concentrically disposed, and the openings of the dual C-shaped resonant rings 51 are oppositely oriented, and projections of the gap 31 on the first electrode layer 1 intersect at the opening positions of the dual C-shaped resonant rings 51 on both sides of the main transmission line 11. The deflection state of liquid crystal below the projection of the double C-shaped resonant ring 51 is controlled by controlling the voltage difference between the double C-shaped resonant ring 51 and the second electrode layer 3, so that the equivalent dielectric constant is changed, the function of the structural access of the gap 31 on the second electrode layer 3 is realized when the equivalent dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is small, the function of the structural open circuit of the gap 31 on the second electrode layer 3 is realized when the equivalent dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is large, and finally the state control of the access or open circuit of the gap 31 on the second electrode layer 3 is realized.
Optionally, first electrode layer 1 is kept away from one side of liquid crystal layer 2 is provided with first base plate 6, and second electrode layer 3 is kept away from one side of liquid crystal layer 2 is provided with second base plate 7, and first base plate 6 and second base plate 7 use the material including but not limited to glass material flat board, quartz material flat board, potsherd, silicon-based wafer, PCB panel and other macromolecular material's panel such as PET, PI, LCP board etc. can also adopt some leading edge flexible product's electrode substrate, for example coil stock base plates such as PET, PMMA, PI and flexible glass, use the glass material for example to explain in this application, use the liquid crystal thickness uniformity of liquid crystal layer 2 can be realized to the base plate of glass material. In the liquid crystal phase shifter structure, the thickness of liquid crystal is usually micron-sized, the surface flatness of a conventional PCB is dozens of to dozens of microns and is far larger than the thickness of the liquid crystal, so that the consistency of the thickness of the liquid crystal cannot be ensured, and the surface flatness of glass is smaller than the micron-sized, so that the consistency of the thickness of the liquid crystal can be ensured.
Optionally, the second electrode layer 3 includes a metal floor layer, the metal floor layer is deposited on a side where the second substrate 7 and the liquid crystal layer 2 contact each other, and the slits 31 are etched on the metal floor layer.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the gap 31 on the metal floor layer has a small inductance when a path is formed, and realizes impedance control together with a small capacitance when the transmission line stub switch structure 4 realizes an open circuit; the gap 31 on the metal floor layer realizes larger inductance when the circuit is broken, and realizes impedance control together with large capacitance when the transmission line branch switch structure 4 realizes the circuit. Therefore, the loading of the capacitor/inductor is realized, and the integral impedance of the phase shifter is not influenced.
Second embodiment:
the present embodiment provides a liquid crystal antenna including the liquid crystal phase shifter of the first embodiment of the present application.
The third embodiment:
the present embodiment provides a phase shift method for performing phase shift using the liquid crystal phase shifter of the first embodiment of the present application or the liquid crystal antenna of the second embodiment of the present application.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (9)
1. A liquid crystal phase shifter, comprising: the liquid crystal display comprises a first electrode layer (1), a liquid crystal layer (2) and a second electrode layer (3) which are arranged in sequence;
the first electrode layer (1) comprises a main transmission line (11) and transmission line branches (12) which are in cross connection with the main transmission line (11);
a transmission line branch switch structure (4) is arranged near the transmission line branch (12), wherein the transmission line branch switch structure (4) comprises C-shaped resonance rings (41) positioned at two ends of the transmission line branch (12), and the C-shaped resonance rings (41) positioned at one end of the transmission line branch (12) are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the transmission line branch (12);
and the second electrode layer (3) is provided with a gap (31) corresponding to the transmission line branch (12).
2. A liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a slit switch structure (5), the slit switch structure (5) being placed in the same layer as the main transmission line (11) and a projection onto the second electrode layer (3) intersecting the slit (31).
3. A liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 1,
the transmission line branches (12) are arranged in a plurality of numbers, and the transmission line branches (12) are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the main transmission line (11).
4. The phase shifter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the plurality of slits (31) are provided, the plurality of slits (31) are arranged at intervals along a direction parallel to the extension direction of the main transmission line (11), and the projection of the slits (31) on the first electrode layer (1) is located between two adjacent transmission line branches (12).
5. A liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the slot switch structure (5) comprises double C-shaped resonant rings (51) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main transmission line (11), the double C-shaped resonant rings (51) are concentrically arranged and have openings facing in opposite directions, and the projection of the slot (31) on the first electrode layer (1) intersects at the opening position of the double C-shaped resonant rings (51).
6. A liquid crystal phase shifter according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
a first substrate (6) is arranged on one side, away from the liquid crystal layer (2), of the first electrode layer (1);
and a second substrate (7) is arranged on one side, far away from the liquid crystal layer (2), of the second electrode layer (3).
7. A liquid crystal phase shifter as claimed in claim 6,
the second electrode layer (3) comprises a metal floor layer;
the metal floor layer is deposited on the second substrate (7);
the gap (31) is etched on the metal floor layer.
8. A liquid crystal antenna, characterized by: comprising a liquid crystal phase shifter according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A phase shifting method, characterized by: the phase shifting is performed using the liquid crystal phase shifter of any one of claims 1 to 7 or the liquid crystal antenna of claim 8.
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| CN202110854666.3A CN113611991B (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2021-07-28 | Liquid crystal phase shifter, liquid crystal antenna and phase shifting method |
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| CN202110854666.3A CN113611991B (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2021-07-28 | Liquid crystal phase shifter, liquid crystal antenna and phase shifting method |
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| CN114326182B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-12-20 | 北京华镁钛科技有限公司 | Device and method for testing phase-shifting gray curve of liquid crystal phase shifter |
| CN114744384B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-01 | 南京邮电大学 | Low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter based on microstrip line structure |
| CN115995660B (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2024-03-22 | 电子科技大学 | Miniaturized liquid crystal microwave phase shifter |
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