CN113598100B - Three-dimensional planting and breeding method of rhizoma alismatis, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii - Google Patents
Three-dimensional planting and breeding method of rhizoma alismatis, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a three-dimensional planting and breeding method of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii, which can improve the yield and the survival rate of whitmania pigra, solve the problem of low regularity of hyriopsis cumingii, increase alisma orientale and pearl, and improve the space utilization rate and the economic benefit of a pond. The three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the alisma orientale, the whitmania pigra and the hyriopsis cumingii is carried out 9 months per year, the whitmania pigra is harvested, the alisma orientale and the pearl can be harvested, the space utilization rate of the pond is effectively improved, compared with a single breeding mode of the whitmania pigra, the three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the whitmania pigra, the yield and the survival rate of the whitmania pigra are improved, the alisma orientale and the pearl can be harvested, the problem of low uniformity of the hyriopsis cumingii can be solved, and the space utilization rate and the economic benefit of the pond are improved. Is suitable for popularization and application in the field of aquatic traditional Chinese medicinal material cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquatic traditional Chinese medicinal material cultivation, in particular to a three-dimensional planting and cultivating method of rhizoma alismatis, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii.
Background
Whitmania pigra is whitmania pigra of Anomala, which is called leech, whitmania pigra and whitmania pigra, and is widely distributed in ditches, paddy fields and lakes and marshes in China, is a species of leech with higher Chinese medicine value, and has the medicinal properties mainly embodied in that anticoagulant polypeptide (named leech polypeptide), oligopeptide, strong plasmin and other anticoagulant substances and heat-resistant polypeptide components are contained in the body, thus having excellent curative effects on treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia and the like in clinic. At present, most of the leeches of whitmania pigra come from wild fries, the number of wild groups is sharply reduced due to environmental pollution and excessive fishing, and the contradiction between market supply and demand is prominent. The artificial culture of the whitmania pigra whitman becomes a necessary way for realizing the intensification and high-quality development of the industry, the culture period of the whitmania pigra whitman is short, the whitmania pigra whitman has the characteristics of quick growth, strong disease resistance and the like, the whole culture process can be completed from a seedling stage of 5 months to 10 months every year by using commercial leeches, and the main feeds are ampullaria gigas, oncomelania gigas and various plankton organisms, and the waters which are strong in concealment and are rich in fertilizer are favored. At present, the artificial culture of whitmania pigra is in a development stage, the technical aspects of culture mode, artificial breeding, bait research, disease control and the like are not mature, the culture mode mainly comprises a pond and a net cage, and the higher income with the net profit of 10000 yuan can be realized for the single culture of the whitmania pigra per mu of water area. However, under the intensive culture conditions, temperature, dissolved oxygen, water quality and the like become key factors influencing the survival rate of whitmania pigra. The water body is lethal when the temperature is too high or too low, and particularly, a great amount of death is easily caused by high temperature due to direct sunlight in summer; on the other hand, residues generated after the whitmania pigra sucks snails are extremely easy to rot, and a large number of plankton and germs are bred, so that the environment of the culture water body is polluted. Therefore, the artificial culture of the whitmania pigra has the problems of low survival rate, low yield, high investment cost and the like which need to be solved.
The alisma orientale is a perennial swamp herb plant of alisma in alismatis family, also named swan egg, water, prefers to fertilizer water, grows in shallow water zones of lakes, estuaries, creeks and ponds, and also grows in swamps, ditches and low-lying wetlands, is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects of promoting diuresis, excreting dampness, resolving turbidity, reducing blood fat and the like, has the effective functions in the aspects of diuresis, resisting non-alcoholic fatty liver, resisting liver injury, resisting cholestasis, reducing blood fat, resisting inflammation, resisting tumors and the like due to the tuber containing the protopanaxarene type tetracyclic triterpenes, and is an important raw material of famous Chinese patent medicines such as six-ingredient rehmannia pills, gentian liver-purging pills and the like. The seeding period of the rhizoma alismatis is generally 2-3 months, the rhizoma alismatis can be harvested within 9-10 months, tubers of the rhizoma alismatis can be collected to be processed and used as a medicine, and the rhizoma alismatis planting method has the advantages of being short in growth cycle and small in planting risk. At present, most of the plants are planted in rice fields, such as Sichuan, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangxi and the like, rice-alisma orientale crop rotation is adopted, and the mode accounts for more than 90 percent of the whole country; the rotation of 'lotus-rhizoma alismatis' is adopted in Jiangxi and other places, and the planting area of the mode in China accounts for less than 5 percent.
The hyriopsis cumingii is a hyriopsis cumingii belonging to the family Hyriopsidae of the class of lamellibranchia, also called Hyriopsis cumingii, Potentilla chinensis, pearl mussel and the like, is a unique excellent bivalve shellfish for culturing pearls in fresh water in China, is a basic source of rare medicinal material pearls, and accounts for more than 80% of the yield of the fresh water pearls in China. The pearl produced can be used as a decoration, has the functions of purging heat and arresting convulsion, preventing corrosion and promoting granulation, improving eyesight and detoxifying, relieving cough and reducing sputum, tendering skin and whitening skin and the like, and is the main component of more than 20 Chinese patent medicines. The hyriopsis cumingii inhabits at the muddy bottom or shallow water layer of a shoal, lives in camps and buries, depends on the activity of axe feet, cannot actively forage, and swings through the branchia cilia of cilia on the inner side of the mantle membrane to cause water flow to filter food such as monadaceae, protozoa and organic debris, so that the water body purification effect is very obvious. At present, hyriopsis cumingii is mostly mixed with freshwater fishes such as grass carp, crucian carp, silver carp, bighead carp and the like in a pond, but the problems of inconsistent specifications, low survival rate and the like caused by uneven density of the hyriopsis cumingii due to free crawling at the bottom of the pond still exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a three-dimensional planting and breeding method of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii, which can improve the yield and the survival rate of whitmania pigra, solve the problem of low regularity of hyriopsis cumingii, increase alisma orientale and pearl, and improve the space utilization rate and the economic benefit of a pond.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the alisma orientale, the whitmania pigra and the hyriopsis cumingii comprises the following steps:
A. building a pond, selecting land parcels near a water source to build the pond, filling water into the pond, arranging a water inlet at the upper end of one side wall of the pond, wherein the water inlet is higher than the water surface of the pond, the water inlet is communicated with the water source through a water inlet pipe, the water of the water source is injected into the pond through the water inlet pipe, arranging a water outlet at the lower end of the other side wall of the pond, the water outlet is connected with a drain pipe, the lower end of the drain pipe is communicated with the water outlet, and the upper end of the drain pipe extends out of the pond and is flush with the water surface of the pond;
B. putting a plurality of culture net cages in the pond, wherein the interval between two adjacent culture net cages is 0.4-0.8 m, each culture net cage comprises a wide-body hirudinaria anoectochilus net cage with an opening at the upper end and a hyriopsis cumingii net cage with an opening at the upper end, the bottom of the wide body anoectochilus formosanus net cage is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage and seals the upper end opening of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage, the lower end of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage is buried in the bottom of the pond and is fixed at the bottom of the pond through a wooden pile, the side wall of the hyriopsis cumingii is provided with an opening and closing opening for putting and taking out the hyriopsis cumingii, the distance between the bottom of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage and the bottom of the pond is 0.1-0.2 m, the upper end of the whitmania pigra net cage extends to 0.15 to 0.25 meter above the water surface of the pond, an artificial floating bed is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the whitmania pigra cage, floats on the water surface of the pond and is positioned in the whitmania pigra cage;
C. transplanting 30-day-old alisma seedlings to an artificial floating bed for field planting in 1-2 months every year, and planting 100-120 plants on the artificial floating bed in each whitmania pigra cage;
D. in 4 months every year, putting hyriopsis cumingii cages with the specification of 8cm and planted hyriopsis cumingii, wherein the number of the hyriopsis cumingii put in each hyriopsis cumingii cage is 30-36;
E. putting 7-day-old Whitmania pigra Whitman seedlings into the Whitmania pigra Whitman net cage 5-6 months per year, wherein the number of the Whitmania pigra Whitman seedlings put into each Whitmania pigra Whitman net cage is 1900-2100; after feeding leech broadbody seedlings, 5-10 kg of snails are fed into the leech broadbody net cage in the circumferential direction, and the remaining snail shells in the leech broadbody net cage are fished once every 7-10 days;
F. and (4) harvesting the whitmania pigra, the rhizoma alismatis and the pearls produced by the hyriopsis cumingii in 9 months every year, and repeating the steps C-F in the next year.
Further, in step a, the length to width ratio of the pond is 6:4, and the depth of the pond is 0.8 m.
Further, in the step A, the pond is disinfected by quick lime before the pond is filled with water.
Further, in step A, the outside of water inlet is provided with the retting manure pond, the inlet tube includes first inlet tube and second inlet tube, the one end and the water source intercommunication of first inlet tube, the other end of first inlet tube and the intercommunication in retting manure pond and extend to the bottom in retting manure pond, the one end of second inlet tube and this end of retting manure pond intercommunication and second inlet tube are provided with the filter screen, the other end and the water inlet intercommunication of second inlet tube, the up end in retting manure pond is higher than the peak of second inlet tube, retting manure pond is internal to have fresh cow dung, and the volume of puting in fresh cow dung is 50 kg/per mu, and the time of puting in fresh cow dung for the first week before the customization alisma, and the fresh cow dung in retting manure pond is changed once every month and is ended up to 9 months every year.
Further, in the step B, the mesh number of the whitmania pigra net cage is 120 meshes, the length of the whitmania pigra net cage is 3.6 meters, the width of the whitmania pigra net cage is 2.4 meters, the height of the whitmania pigra net cage is 0.7 meter, the mesh number of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage is 10 meshes, the length of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage is 3.6 meters, the width of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage is 2.4 meters, the height of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage is 0.45 meter, the distance between the bottom of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage and the bottom of the pond is 0.15 meter, and the upper end of the whitmania pigra net cage extends to 0.2 meter above the water surface of the pond.
Further, in the step B, the area of the artificial floating bed is half of the cross-sectional area of the whitmania pigra net cage.
Further, in the step D, the number of hyriopsis cumingii put in each hyriopsis cumingii net cage is 33.
Further, in the step E, the number of the leech broadbody larvae put into each leech broadbody net cage is 2000.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the alisma orientale, the whitmania pigra and the hyriopsis cumingii utilizes the leaves of the alisma orientale to shield a water body, the root system of the alisma pigra provides sufficient habitat for the whitmania pigra and can directly absorb nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water body to inhibit algae growth so as to achieve the effect of purifying water quality, a better living environment is created for the growth of the whitmania pigra, the survival rate of the whitmania pigra is greatly improved, the survival rate of the whitmania pigra is verified by experiments, the survival rate of the whitmania pigra is improved from 41.35% to 61.27%, meanwhile, the yield of the whitmania pigra is also greatly improved, the yield of the whitmania pigra is also verified by experiments, the yield of the whitmania pigra is improved from 300.09 kg/mu to 375.78 kg/mu, residues generated after the whitmania pigra is sucked can be used as nutrients of the hyriopsis cumingii and the alisma cumingii, the hyriopsis cumingii can take food scraps generated after the whitmania pigra, the time for manually cleaning the shells is prolonged from 3-5 days in a single culture mode to 7-10 days, labor is saved while water is effectively purified, the pearl yield of hyriopsis cumingii can be improved, and experiments prove that the pearl yield of hyriopsis cumingii can be improved from 15.15 kg/mu to 20.76 kg/mu; the colony uniformity of whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii can be effectively improved, and the problem of uneven size of hyriopsis cumingii caused by crawling all around is particularly avoided; and facilitates the fishing in the later period; the three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the alisma orientale, the whitmania pigra and the hyriopsis cumingii is carried out 9 months per year, the whitmania pigra is harvested, the alisma orientale and the pearl can be harvested, the space utilization rate of the pond is effectively improved, compared with a single breeding mode of the whitmania pigra, the three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the whitmania pigra, the yield and the survival rate of the whitmania pigra are improved, the alisma orientale and the pearl can be harvested, the problem of low uniformity of the hyriopsis cumingii can be solved, and the space utilization rate and the economic benefit of the pond are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the method for breeding Alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional breeding method of Alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an aquaculture cage of the present invention in a pond;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the aquaculture net cage of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the tank according to the invention;
description of reference numerals: the device comprises a pond 1, a water inlet pipe 2, a first water inlet pipe 201, a second water inlet pipe 202, a water outlet pipe 3, a culture net cage 4, a wide body Whitmania pigra net cage 401, a Hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402, an artificial floating bed 5, a fertilizer retting pond 6 and a filter screen 7.
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1-5, the three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the alisma orientale, the whitmania pigra and the hyriopsis cumingii comprises the following steps:
A. building a pond 1, selecting land parcels near a water source to build the pond 1, filling the pond 1 with water, arranging a water inlet at the upper end of one side wall of the pond 1, wherein the water inlet is higher than the water surface of the pond 1, the water inlet is communicated with the water source through a water inlet pipe 2, injecting the water of the water source into the pond 1 through the water inlet pipe 2, arranging a water outlet at the lower end of the other side wall of the pond 1, connecting a drain pipe 3 to the water outlet, communicating the lower end of the drain pipe 3 with the water outlet, and extending the upper end of the drain pipe 3 out of the pond 1 and being flush with the water surface of the pond 1; therefore, water in a water source can continuously flow into the pond 1 from the water inlet along the water inlet pipe 2, once the water in the pond 1 is higher than the upper end of the water discharge pipe 3, redundant water in the pond 1 can be discharged along the water discharge pipe 3, the water level in the pond 1 can be ensured to be always at a fixed height, meanwhile, the water inlet is arranged at the upper end of one side wall of the pond 1, and the water outlet is arranged at the lower end of the other side wall of the pond 1, so that the water in the pond 1 can be completely replaced by fresh running water, the water quality in the pond 1 is ensured to be always in an excellent state, and a better living environment is created for the growth of the Alisma orientale, the Whitmania pigra Whitman-Shaw and the hyriopsis cumingii;
B. putting a plurality of culture net cages 4 in a pond 1, wherein the interval between two adjacent culture net cages 4 is 0.4-0.8 m, each culture net cage 4 comprises a whitmania pigra net cage 401 with an open upper end and a hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402 with an open upper end, the bottom of the whitmania pigra net cage 401 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402 and seals the upper end opening of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402, the lower end of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402 is embedded into the bottom of the pond 1 and is fixed at the bottom of the pond 1 through a wooden pile, the side wall of the hyriopsis cumingii is provided with an opening and closing port for putting and taking out hyriopsis cumingii, the interval between the bottom of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402 and the bottom of the pond 1 is 0.1-0.2 m, the upper end of the whitmania pigra net cage 401 extends to be 0.15-0.25 m above the water surface of the pond 1, the upper end opening of the whitmania pigra net cage 401 is provided with an artificial floating bed 5, the artificial floating bed 5 floats on the water surface of the pond 1 and is positioned in the whitmania pigra net cage 401;
C. transplanting 30-day-old alisma seedlings to an artificial floating bed 5 for field planting in 1-2 months per year, and planting 100-120 plants on the artificial floating bed 5 in each Whitmania pigra Whitman net cage 401;
D. in 4 months every year, the hyriopsis cumingii cages 402 are filled with 8 cm-sized hyriopsis cumingii which are planted, and the number of the hyriopsis cumingii filled in each hyriopsis cumingii cage 402 is 30-36;
E. at 5-6 months per year, feeding 7-day-old Whitmania pigra Whitman seedlings into the Whitmania pigra Whitman net cage 401, wherein the number of the Whitmania pigra Whitman seedlings fed into each Whitmania pigra Whitman net cage 401 is 1900-2100; after the leech broadbody anoectochilus formosanus seedlings are put in the leech broadbody anoectochilus formosanus net cage 401, 5-10 kg of snail capsules are put in the leech broadbody anoectochilus formosanus net cage 401 in the circumferential direction, and the residual snail shells in the leech broadbody anoectochilus formosanus net cage 401 are fished once every 7-10 days;
F. and (4) harvesting the whitmania pigra, the rhizoma alismatis and the pearls produced by the hyriopsis cumingii in 9 months every year, and repeating the steps C-F in the next year.
The alisma orientale-whitmania pigra-hyriopsis cumingii three-dimensional breeding method utilizes leaves of alisma orientale to provide shielding for a water body, a root system provides a sufficient inhabitation environment for whitmania pigra, and nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water body can be directly absorbed, algae growth is inhibited, the effect of purifying water quality is achieved, a better living environment is created for the growth of the whitmania pigra, the survival rate of the whitmania pigra is greatly improved, the survival rate of the whitmania pigra is improved from 41.35% to 61.27% through test verification, meanwhile, the yield of the whitmania pigra is also greatly improved, the yield of the whitmania pigra is improved from 300.09 kg/mu to 375.78 kg/mu through test verification, residues generated after the whitmania pigra is sucked can be used as nourishment of the whitmania hyriopsis cumingii and alisma, the hyriopsis cumingii can take food scraps generated after the whitmania pigra is eaten by whitmania pigra, the time for manually cleaning the shells is prolonged from 3-5 days to 7-10 days in a single culture mode, labor is saved while water is effectively purified, the pearl yield of hyriopsis cumingii can be improved, and experiments prove that the pearl yield of hyriopsis cumingii can be improved from 15.15 kg/mu to 20.76 kg/mu, in addition, the wide-body leeches and hyriopsis cumingii are cultured in a mode of the culture net cage 4, and the culture net cage 4 can effectively avoid the escape of the wide-body leeches and the hyriopsis cumingii while the exchange of water substances is not influenced; the colony uniformity of whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii can be effectively improved, and the problem of uneven size of hyriopsis cumingii caused by crawling all around is particularly avoided; and facilitates the fishing in the later period; the three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the alisma orientale, the whitmania pigra and the hyriopsis cumingii is carried out 9 months per year, the whitmania pigra is harvested, the alisma orientale and the pearl 2 traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be harvested, the space utilization rate of the pond 1 is effectively improved, compared with a single breeding mode of the whitmania pigra, the yield and the survival rate of the whitmania pigra are improved, the alisma orientale and the pearl can be harvested, the problem of low regularity of the hyriopsis cumingii can be solved, and the space utilization rate and the economic benefit of the pond are improved.
In the above real-time mode, in order to avoid breeding bacteria in the pond 1, the pond 1 is disinfected by quicklime before the pond 1 is filled with water, so that the breeding of bacteria is reduced.
Further, in order to place more cultivation net cages 4 in the pond 1, the length-width ratio of the pond 1 is 6:4, the depth of the pond 1 is 0.8 m, the mesh number of the whitmania pigra net cage 401 is 120 meshes, the length of the whitmania pigra net cage 401 is 3.6 m, the width of the whitmania pigra net cage 401 is 2.4 m, the height of the whitmania pigra net cage is 0.7 m, the mesh number of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402 is 10 meshes, the length of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402 is 3.6 m, the width of the whitmania pigra net cage 402 is 2.4 m, the height of the whitmania pigra net cage is 0.45 m, the distance between the bottom of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402 and the bottom of the pond 1 is 0.15 m, and the upper ends of the whitmania pigra net cage 401 extend to 0.2 m above the water surface of the pond 1.
In order to make the sludge at the bottom of the pond 1 rich in organic matters and fertile, basic conditions are created for the culture of hyriopsis cumingii, a retting pond 6 is arranged at the outer side of the water inlet, the water inlet pipe 2 comprises a first water inlet pipe 201 and a second water inlet pipe 202, one end of the first water inlet pipe 201 is communicated with a water source, the other end of the first water inlet pipe 201 is communicated with the retting pond 6 and extends to the bottom of the retting pond 6, one end of the second water inlet pipe 202 is communicated with the retting pond 6, a filter screen 7 is arranged at the end of the second water inlet pipe 202, the other end of the second water inlet pipe 202 is communicated with the water inlet, the upper end surface of the retting pond 6 is higher than the highest point of the second water inlet pipe 202, fresh cow dung is put in the retting pond 6, the putting amount of the fresh cow dung is 50 kg/mu of the pond 1, the time of putting the fresh cow dung in the customized rhizoma alismatis for the first time is a week, and the fresh cow dung in the retting pond 6 is changed once a month till 9 years, organic matters in the retting pond 6 are settled to the bottom of the pond 1 after flowing into the pond 1 along with water flow, so that the organic matters of sludge at the bottom of the pond 1 are increased.
In order to ensure that enough light in water simultaneously enables water and air in the pond 1 to have enough contact surfaces and simultaneously can provide enough shielding space for the whitmania pigra, the area of the artificial floating bed 5 is half of the cross section area of the whitmania pigra net cage 401.
In addition, in order to increase the yield of the hyriopsis cumingii on the premise of ensuring the normal growth of the hyriopsis cumingii, the number of the hyriopsis cumingii put in each hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402 is preferably 33.
In order to improve the yield of the whitmania pigra under the premise of ensuring the normal growth of the whitmania pigra, the number of the whitmania pigra seedlings put into each whitmania pigra net cage 401 is 2000.
Example 1
Firstly, a pond 1 is built in the beginning of the year, a land parcel is selected near a water source to build the pond 1 with the area of one mu, the length-width ratio of the pond 1 is 6:4, the depth of the pond 1 is 0.8 m, the pond 1 is disinfected by quick lime after being built, then the height of the water level of the pond 1 is 0.8 m after the pond 1 is filled with water, a water inlet is arranged at the upper end of one side wall of the pond 1 and is higher than the water surface of the pond 1, the water inlet is communicated with the water source through a water inlet pipe 2, the water of the water source is injected into the pond 1 through the water inlet pipe 2, a water outlet is arranged at the lower end of the other side wall of the pond 1, a water outlet 3 is connected with the water outlet, the lower end of the water outlet 3 is communicated with the water outlet, and the upper end of the water outlet 3 extends out of the pond 1 and is flush with the water surface of the pond 1; the outer side of the water inlet is provided with a retting fertilizer tank 6, the water inlet pipe 2 comprises a first water inlet pipe 201 and a second water inlet pipe 202, one end of the first water inlet pipe 201 is communicated with a water source, the other end of the first water inlet pipe 201 is communicated with the retting fertilizer tank 6 and extends to the bottom of the retting fertilizer tank 6, one end of the second water inlet pipe 202 is communicated with the retting fertilizer tank 6, a filter screen 7 is arranged at the end of the second water inlet pipe 202, the other end of the second water inlet pipe 202 is communicated with a water inlet, the upper end face of the retting fertilizer tank 6 is higher than the highest point of the second water inlet pipe 202, then a plurality of culture net cages 4 are put in the pond 1, the interval between every two adjacent culture net cages 4 is 0.6 m, each culture net cage 4 comprises a wide body leech net cage 401 with an upper end opened and a hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402 with an upper end opened, the mesh number of the wide body leech net cage 401 is 120 meshes, the length of the wide body leech net cage 401 is 3.6 m, the width of the net cage 402 is 2.4 meters, the height of the net cage 402 is 0.7 meter, the mesh number of the net cage 402 is 10 meshes, the length of the net cage 402 is 3.6 meters, the width of the net cage 402 is 2.4 meters, the height of the net cage is 0.45 meter, the upper end of the net cage 401 of the whitlow body extends to 0.2 meter above the water surface of the pond 1, the bottom of the net cage 401 of the whitlow body whitlow is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the net cage 402 of the whitlow body and seals the upper end opening of the net cage 402 of the whitlow body whitlow, the lower end of the net cage 402 of the whitlow body is embedded into the bottom of the pond 1 and is fixed at the bottom of the pond 1 through a stake, the side wall of the whitlow body whitlow is provided with an opening for putting in and taking out the hyrow, the bottom of the whitlow body whitlow is 0.15 meter, the upper end of the net cage 401 extends to 0.2 meter above the water surface of the pond 1, the area of the artificial floating bed 5 is half of the cross section area of the whitmania pigra cage 401, and the artificial floating bed 5 floats on the water surface of the pond 1 and is positioned in the whitmania pigra cage 401; 1, 5 days, firstly putting fresh cow dung into the retting pond 6, wherein the putting amount of the fresh cow dung is 50 kg/mu of pond 1, changing the fresh cow dung in the retting pond 6 once a month from the day of putting until 9 months are finished, and transplanting 30-day-old rhizoma alismatis seedlings to the artificial floating bed 5 for field planting on 1-12 days, wherein 110 plants are fixedly planted on the artificial floating bed 5 in each whitmania pigra net cage 401; 4, 1 day in month and 4, putting 8 cm-sized and planted hyriopsis cumingii into the hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402, wherein the number of the hyriopsis cumingii put into each hyriopsis cumingii net cage 402 is 33; 5, 15 days after 5 months, putting 7-day-old Whitmania pigra Whitman seedlings into the Whitmania pigra Whitman net cage 401, wherein the number of the Whitmania pigra Whitman seedlings put into each Whitmania pigra Whitman net cage 401 is 2000; after the leech broadbody leech seedlings are put in, 7kg of snail capsules are put in the leech broadbody leech net cage 401 in the circumferential direction, and the remaining snail shells in the leech broadbody leech net cage 401 are fished once every 10 days; and harvesting the whitmania pigra, the rhizoma alismatis and the pearl produced by the hyriopsis cumingii after 9 months and 10 days.
Meanwhile, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 are set according to the existing single cultivation mode of whitmania pigra and comparative example 4 is set according to the existing single cultivation mode of hyriopsis cumingii.
First, the water quality in the ponds of example 1 and comparative example 2 at the time of harvest was measured, and the results of the water quality measurement are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table 1, the three-dimensional breeding method of the alisma orientale, the whitmania pigra and the hyriopsis cumingii can effectively improve the water quality.
Furthermore, the production and survival of the Whitmania pigra Whitman of example 1 and comparative example 2 at harvest were determined as shown in Table 2 below:
TABLE 2
| Yield per mu unit (kg) | Survival rate (%) | Monovalent (Yuan/kg) | Benefits (yuan) | |
| Comparative example 2 | 300.09±15.64 | 41.35±3.51 | 180～200 | 8000～10000 |
| Example 1 | 375.78±10.12 | 61.27±2.78 | 180～200 | 16000～20000 |
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the existing single culture mode of whitmania pigra, the three-dimensional breeding method of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii can improve the survival rate of whitmania pigra from 41.35% to 61.27%, and can improve the yield of whitmania pigra from 300.09 kg/mu to 375.78 kg/mu;
next, the yields of alisma orientale from example 1 and comparative example 3 at harvest were determined, and the results are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3
| Yield per mu unit (kg) | Unit price of(Yuan/kg) | Benefits (yuan) | |
| Comparative example 3 | 250.52±25.67 | 30 | 4500 |
| Example 1 | 150.34±5.25 | 30 | 2500 |
As can be seen from Table 3, although the yield of Alisma orientale in the Alisma orientale-Whitmania pigra Whitman-hyriopsis cumingii three-dimensional cultivation method is only 150.34kg compared with the existing Alisma orientale single planting cultivation mode, the Alisma orientale obtained by the method is only an additional product for cultivating Whitmania pigra Whitman, belongs to an additional harvest,
finally, the pearl yields of example 1 and comparative example 4 at harvest were determined, and the results are shown in table 4 below:
TABLE 4
| Pearl unit yield per mu (kg) | Monovalent (yuan/kg) | Benefits (yuan) | |
| Comparative example 4 | 15.15±2.50 | 400 | 3000 |
| Example 1 | 20.76±0.54 | 400 | 4500 |
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the existing single breeding mode of hyriopsis cumingii, the three-dimensional breeding method of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii can improve the pearl yield of hyriopsis cumingii from 15.15 kg/mu to 20.76 kg/mu.
As can be seen from tables 1 to 4, compared with the existing single feeding mode of whitmania pigra, the three-dimensional breeding method of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii can effectively improve the water quality and improve the survival rate of whitmania pigra; three traditional Chinese medicinal materials including whitmania pigra, rhizoma alismatis and pearls can be harvested in 9 months in the year, the space utilization rate of the pond is obviously improved, the net income is improved to 23000-25000 yuan/mu from 8000-10000 yuan/mu, the net income is increased by more than 15000 yuan/mu, the income is increased by more than 1.88 times compared with the single feeding mode of the whitmania pigra, and the economic benefit of per mu yield is effectively improved.
Claims (7)
1. A three-dimensional planting and breeding method of rhizoma alismatis, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. building a pond (1), selecting land parcels near a water source to build the pond (1), filling water into the pond (1), arranging a water inlet at the upper end of one side wall of the pond (1), wherein the water inlet is higher than the water surface of the pond (1), the water inlet is communicated with the water source through a water inlet pipe (2), the water at the water source is injected into the pond (1) through the water inlet pipe (2), arranging a water outlet at the lower end of the other side wall of the pond (1), the water outlet is connected with a drain pipe (3), the lower end of the drain pipe (3) is communicated with the water outlet, and the upper end of the drain pipe (3) extends out of the pond (1) and is flush with the water surface of the pond (1); a retting pond (6) is arranged outside the water inlet, the water inlet pipe (2) comprises a first water inlet pipe (201) and a second water inlet pipe (202), one end of the first water inlet pipe (201) is communicated with a water source, the other end of the first water inlet pipe (201) is communicated with the retting tank (6) and extends to the bottom of the retting tank (6), one end of the second water inlet pipe (202) is communicated with the retting tank (6), a filter screen (7) is arranged at the end of the second water inlet pipe (202), the other end of the second water inlet pipe (202) is communicated with the water inlet, the upper end surface of the retting tank (6) is higher than the highest point of the second water inlet pipe (202), fresh cow dung is put into the retting pool (6), the putting amount of the fresh cow dung is 50 kg/mu of the pond (1), the time for putting the fresh cow dung for the first time is one week before the alisma orientale is customized, and the fresh cow dung in the retting pool (6) is replaced once a month until 9 months end every year;
B. putting a plurality of culture net cages (4) in a pond (1), wherein the interval between every two adjacent culture net cages (4) is 0.4-0.8 m, each culture net cage (4) comprises a whitmania pigra net cage (401) with an open upper end and a hyriopsis cumingii net cage (402) with an open upper end, the bottom of the whitmania pigra net cage (401) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage (402) and seals the upper end opening of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage (402), the lower end of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage (402) is embedded at the bottom of the pond (1) and is fixed at the bottom of the pond (1) through a wooden pile, an opening and closing port for putting and taking out hyriopsis cumingii is arranged on the side wall of the hyriopsis cumingii, the interval between the bottom of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage (402) and the bottom of the hyriopsis cumingii net cage (1) is 0.1-0.2 m, and the upper end of the whitmannis cumingii net cage (401) extends to the water surface 0.15-0.25 m above the water surface, an artificial floating bed (5) is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the whitmania pigra net cage (401), and the artificial floating bed (5) floats on the water surface of the pond (1) and is positioned in the whitmania pigra net cage (401);
C. transplanting 30-day-old rhizoma alismatis seedlings to an artificial floating bed (5) for field planting in 1-2 months every year, and planting 100-120 plants on the artificial floating bed (5) in each whitmania pigra netbox (401);
D. in 4 months every year, putting hyriopsis cumingii cages (402) with the specification of 8cm and planted hyriopsis cumingii, wherein the number of the hyriopsis cumingii put in each hyriopsis cumingii cage (402) is 30-36;
E. casting 7-day-old Whitmania pigra Whitman seedlings into the Whitmania pigra Whitman net cage (401) at 5-6 months each year, wherein the number of the Whitmania pigra Whitman seedlings cast into each Whitmania pigra Whitman net cage (401) is 1900-2100 pieces; after the leech broadbody leech seedlings are put in the leech broadbody leech net cage (401), 5-10 kg of snail capsules are put in the leech broadbody leech net cage (401) in the circumferential direction, and the remaining snail shells in the leech broadbody leech net cage (401) are fished once every 7-10 days;
F. and (4) harvesting the whitmania pigra, the rhizoma alismatis and the pearls produced by the hyriopsis cumingii in 9 months every year, and repeating the steps C-F in the next year.
2. The method for three-dimensional breeding of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1, wherein: in step A, the length-to-width ratio of the pond (1) is 6:4, and the depth of the pond (1) is 0.8 m.
3. The method for three-dimensional breeding of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1, wherein: in the step A, the pond (1) is disinfected by quicklime before the pond (1) is filled with water.
4. The method for three-dimensional breeding of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1, wherein: in the step B, the mesh number of the whitmania pigra net box (401) is 120 meshes, the length of the whitmania pigra net box (401) is 3.6 meters, the width of the whitmania pigra net box is 2.4 meters, the height of the whitmania pigra net box is 0.7 meter, the mesh number of the hyriopsis cumingii net box (402) is 10 meshes, the length of the hyriopsis cumingii net box (402) is 3.6 meters, the width of the hyriopsis cumingii net box is 2.4 meters, the height of the hyriopsis cumingii net box is 0.45 meter, the distance between the bottom of the hyriopsis cumingii net box (402) and the bottom of the pond (1) is 0.15 meter, and the upper end of the whitmania pigra net box (401) extends to be 0.2 meter above the water surface of the pond (1).
5. The method for three-dimensional breeding of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step B, the area of the artificial floating bed (5) is half of the cross section area of the wide-body whitmania pigra net box (401).
6. The method for three-dimensional breeding of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step D, 33 hyriopsis cumingii are thrown into each hyriopsis cumingii net cage (402).
7. The method for three-dimensional breeding of alisma orientale, whitmania pigra and hyriopsis cumingii according to claim 1, wherein: in the step E, the number of the leech broadbody seedlings put into each leech broadbody net cage (401) is 2000.
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