CN113560590A - Preparation method of steel powder for remanufacturing and steel powder - Google Patents
Preparation method of steel powder for remanufacturing and steel powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN113560590A CN113560590A CN202110839929.3A CN202110839929A CN113560590A CN 113560590 A CN113560590 A CN 113560590A CN 202110839929 A CN202110839929 A CN 202110839929A CN 113560590 A CN113560590 A CN 113560590A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a preparation method of steel powder for remanufacturing, which comprises the following steps: 1) processing the steel material into a steel bar material according to the requirements of plasma rotating electrode atomization equipment; 2) under certain environmental conditions, the processed steel bar is taken as an anode and placed in an atomization furnace, protective gas is filled in the atomization furnace, and the atomization furnace is vacuumized; 3) setting technological parameters to start the plasma rotating electrode atomizing equipment, enabling the steel bar to rotate at a high speed, enabling a plasma gun to form a transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the steel bar, enabling molten steel drops after the steel bar is melted in the atomizing chamber to be thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and cooling the molten steel drops to form steel powder under the action of surface tension; 4) after powder preparation is finished, keeping high pressure in the atomizing furnace for 4-5 hours, screening after the powder is cooled, and carrying out vacuum packaging. The steel powder prepared by the method has the advantages of narrow particle size distribution, high fine powder yield, high sphericity, low oxygen content, high apparent density and better fluidity, and meets the powder remanufacturing requirements of automobile parts.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to additive manufacturing powder preparation.
Background
Automobile parts scrap quantity is huge in China, and efficient remanufacturing recycling is urgently needed. As a green remanufacturing mode, metal additive manufacturing can realize manufacturing which is difficult to realize by traditional processing technologies such as strengthening coating, size construction and the like, and can be well applied to repair of automobile parts. One of the key technologies for realizing metal additive manufacturing is the preparation of powder materials. At present, the main powder preparation methods comprise water atomization powder preparation, gas atomization powder preparation and plasma rotary electrode atomization, and compared with the former two methods, the powder prepared by the plasma rotary electrode atomization has the advantages of concentrated particle size distribution, good uniformity, no basic existence of hollow powder and satellite powder, high purity, less impurities and low oxygen increment.
The abrasion of automobile parts is a main failure mode, is usually found in steel parts, is mainly made of 45 steel, Q235, 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 38CrMoAlA and the like, has various brands, and lacks a steel powder suitable for repairing various steel parts in the market at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a preparation method of steel powder for remanufacturing, and the prepared steel powder has the advantages of high sphericity, low oxygen content, high apparent density, better fluidity and low gas volume fraction, and can well meet the requirement of automobile part remanufacturing powder.
In need, the invention also provides remanufacturing steel powder prepared by the preparation method.
The technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:
a method for preparing remanufacturing steel powder comprises the following steps:
1) processing the steel material into a steel bar material according to the requirements of plasma rotating electrode atomization equipment;
2) under certain environmental conditions, the processed steel bar is taken as an anode and placed in an atomization furnace, protective gas is filled in the atomization furnace, and the atomization furnace is vacuumized;
3) setting technological parameters to start the plasma rotating electrode atomizing equipment, enabling the steel bar to rotate at a high speed, enabling a plasma gun to form a transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the steel bar, enabling molten steel drops after the steel bar is melted in the atomizing chamber to be thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and cooling the molten steel drops to form steel powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after powder preparation is finished, keeping high pressure in the atomizing furnace for 4-5 hours, screening after the powder is cooled, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
The steel bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni: 2.75-3.25%, Cr: 0.80% -1.75%, Mn: 0.25% -0.70%, Si: 0.17% -0.37%, C: 0.32-0.42%, Mo: 0.30% -0.40%, S: less than or equal to 0.03%, P: less than or equal to 0.03%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Al: less than or equal to 0.015 percent and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the steel material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni: 2.82%, Cr: 1.21%, Mn: 0.37%, Si: 0.33%, C: 0.4%, Mo: 0.38%, S: 0.016%, P: 0.009%, Cu: 0.034%, Al: 0.003% and the balance Fe.
Can be obtained by a vacuum horizontal continuous casting technology and an electroslag technology.
Wherein, the specification of the steel bar processed in the step 1) is as follows: diameter 50mm, length 300 mm.
Wherein the environmental conditions of step 2): the room temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is less than or equal to 75 ℃.
Wherein the protective gas filled in the step 2) is argon. 5. The method of producing remanufacturing steel powder of claim 1, wherein:
after the atomization furnace in the step 2) is vacuumized, the vacuum degree is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa。
Wherein, the device parameters of the step 3) are as follows: the rotating speed of the steel bar is 25000 to 30000r/min, and the current of the plasma gun is 1500 to 2500A.
Wherein the feeding speed of the steel bar is 1.6-2.0 mm/s.
Wherein the pressure in the atomizing furnace in the step 4) is 120 KPa.
Wherein, the sieving ultrasonic wave sieving machine in the step 4) passes through a 200-mesh sieve.
The steel powder prepared by the preparation method of the steel powder for remanufacturing is characterized in that:
the sphericity of the steel powder is more than or equal to 98 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 150ppm, and the apparent density>4.5g/cm3。
The plasma rotating electrode atomization device for the remanufacturing steel powder preparation method of the invention,
comprises an atomization furnace, a high-speed plasma rotary atomization main shaft system, a feeding device, a transferred arc plasma gun, a carbon brush system, a vacuumizing device, a cooling device and a power supply device,
the atomizing furnace is connected with the vacuum system through a connecting pipe, and a powder collecting device is arranged at the lower end of the atomizing furnace;
the high-rotation-speed plasma rotary atomization main shaft system is arranged on the atomization furnace and used for clamping a steel bar and driving the steel bar to rotate;
the main shaft system is connected with the feeding device, and the feeding device is used for pushing the steel bar clamped on the high-speed plasma rotary atomization main shaft system;
the transferred arc plasma gun is hermetically arranged on the side wall of the atomizing furnace and is over against one end of the steel bar;
the carbon brush system is arranged on the electric spindle and used for supplying power to the electrode bar to form an anode;
a cooling device is also arranged in the atomizing furnace;
the high-rotation-speed plasma rotary atomization main shaft system, the feeding device, the transferred arc plasma gun, the vacuumizing device and the cooling device are electrically connected with the power supply device.
The sphericity refers to the ratio of short to long diameters, and is expressed in percentage, and the closer to 1, the higher the shape connecting degree is;
the test method of the oxygen content is executed according to GB/T11261;
the loose density test method was performed as HB 5441.4.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method is a technology for preparing metal powder by plasma rotary atomization, wherein a steel bar is made into a consumable electrode, the end part of the consumable electrode is melted under the action of a coaxial plasma arc heating source to form liquid drops, the liquid drops are thrown out at high speed under the action of rotary centrifugal force to form liquid drops, the molten liquid drops rub with Ar gas in an atomization chamber, the liquid drops are further crushed under the action of shear stress, and then the liquid drops are rapidly cooled and solidified into steel ball-shaped powder under the action of surface tension;
the rotating speed of the steel bar is set to be 25000-30000 r/min, the rotating speed is too low, the prepared powder is large in granularity, the yield of fine powder is low, and the yield of fine powder can be improved when the powder is prepared at high rotating speed; the powder making current range is 1500-2500A, the prepared powder has the highest sphericity, and the proportion of flaky powder is increased if the plasma arc current intensity is too large. The reason is that the energy of the plasma gun is larger along with the increase of the current intensity, on one hand, the excessive energy easily causes the special steel molten pool to generate the disordered liquid flow to form the flaky powder; on the other hand, the energy density is too high, so that partial ablation of some low-boiling-point elements in the special steel is easily caused; the bar feeding speed is 1.6-2.0 mm/s, the distance between the end face of the electrode bar and the plasma gun can be guaranteed to be basically unchanged, and the stability of arc transfer in the powder preparation process is facilitated.
The granularity index of the special steel powder for remanufacturing requires that D50 is more than or equal to 30 microns and less than or equal to 48 microns, and when the D50 granularity is less than 30 microns, agglomeration is easy to occur during additive manufacturing, the flowability is affected, and powder supply is inconvenient; when the D50 particle size is larger than 48 μm, cracks are easily generated due to poor powder wettability, and the quality of a deposited part is influenced. The steel powder prepared by the invention has the granularity meeting the granularity index requirement of special steel powder for remanufacturing, high sphericity, good fluidity, low oxygen content and narrow powder granularity distribution, and the steel powder rarely generates hollow powder and satellite powder, so that the steel additive manufacturing powder requirement can be well met.
Besides being applied to the remanufacturing of automobile parts, the composite material has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, ships, weaponry and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a morphology of the powder prepared in example 1;
FIGS. 2 to 4 are graphs showing the results of particle size analysis of the powders prepared in examples 1 to 3, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of particle size analysis of the powder prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of particle size analysis of the powder prepared in comparative example 2;
FIG. 7 is a morphology of the powder prepared in comparative example 3;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of particle size analysis of the powder prepared in comparative example 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The steel bar material of the invention is obtained from the following sources:
preparing a steel material:
the components of the steel material are calculated by mass percent
The steel material of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni: 2.82%, Cr: 1.21%, Mn: 0.37%, Si: 0.33%, C: 0.4%, Mo: 0.38%, S: 0.016%, P: 0.009%, Cu: 0.034%, Al: 0.003% and the balance Fe.
The alloy is obtained by a vacuum horizontal continuous casting technology and an electroslag technology according to a formula.
Example 1
Preparing steel powder from the steel material according to the following steps:
1) processing the steel bar into a steel bar with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 300mm according to the requirements of plasma rotating electrode atomization equipment;
2) ensuring that the environmental temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the environmental humidity is less than or equal to 75 ℃, placing the processed steel bar as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa；
3) Setting technological parameters to start a plasma rotating electrode atomizing device, rotating a steel bar at 25000r/min, feeding the steel bar at 1.6mm/s, heating and melting one end of the steel bar by a transfer arc formed by a plasma gun at the current of 1500A, throwing molten steel drops melted by the steel bar in an atomizing chamber under the action of centrifugal force, and cooling the molten steel drops to form steel powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4 hours, after the powder is cooled, sieving the powder by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Example 2
Preparing steel powder from the steel material according to the following steps:
1) processing the steel bar into a steel bar with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 300mm according to the requirements of plasma rotating electrode atomization equipment;
2) ensuring that the environmental temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the environmental humidity is less than or equal to 75 ℃, placing the processed steel bar as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa；
3) Setting technological parameters to start a plasma rotating electrode atomizing device, rotating a steel bar at a speed of 30000r/min, feeding the steel bar at a speed of 2.0mm/s, heating and melting one end of the steel bar by a transfer arc formed by a plasma gun at a current of 2500A, throwing molten steel drops melted by the steel bar in an atomizing chamber under the action of centrifugal force, and cooling the molten steel drops to form steel powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 5 hours, after the powder is cooled, sieving the powder by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Example 3
Preparing steel powder from the steel material according to the following steps:
1) processing the steel bar into a steel bar with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 300mm according to the requirements of plasma rotating electrode atomization equipment;
2) ensuring that the environmental temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the environmental humidity is less than or equal to 75 ℃, placing the processed steel bar as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa；
3) Setting technological parameters to start a plasma rotating electrode atomizing device, rotating a steel bar at a speed of 30000r/min, wherein the feeding speed of the steel bar is 1.8mm/s, the current of a plasma gun is 2000A, the plasma gun forms a transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the steel bar, molten steel drops melted by the steel bar in an atomizing chamber are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the molten steel drops are cooled to form steel powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4.5 hours, cooling the powder, sieving by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Comparative example 1
Preparing steel powder from the steel material according to the following steps:
1) processing the steel bar into a steel bar with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 300mm according to the requirements of plasma rotating electrode atomization equipment;
2) ensuring that the environmental temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the environmental humidity is less than or equal to 75 ℃, placing the processed steel bar as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa；
3) Setting technological parameters to start a plasma rotating electrode atomizing device, rotating a steel bar at 35000r/min, feeding the steel bar at 1.8mm/s, heating and melting one end of the steel bar by a transfer arc formed by a plasma gun at a current of 2000A, throwing molten steel drops melted by the steel bar in an atomizing chamber under the action of centrifugal force, and cooling the molten steel drops to form steel powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4.5 hours, cooling the powder, sieving by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Comparative example 2
Preparing steel powder from the steel material according to the following steps:
1) processing the steel bar into a steel bar with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 300mm according to the requirements of plasma rotating electrode atomization equipment;
2) ensuring that the environmental temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the environmental humidity is less than or equal to 75 ℃, placing the processed steel bar as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa；
3) Setting technological parameters to start a plasma rotating electrode atomizing device, rotating a steel bar at a speed of 20000r/min, feeding the steel bar at a speed of 1.8mm/s, heating and melting one end of the steel bar by a transfer arc formed by a plasma gun at a current of 2000A, throwing molten steel drops melted by the steel bar in an atomizing chamber under the action of centrifugal force, and cooling the molten steel drops to form steel powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4.5 hours, cooling the powder, sieving by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Comparative example 3
Preparing steel powder from the steel material according to the following steps:
1) processing the steel bar into a steel bar with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 300mm according to the requirements of plasma rotating electrode atomization equipment;
2) ensuring that the ambient temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the ambient humidity is less than or equal to 75 ℃, placing the processed steel bar as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 x 10 < -3 > Pa;
3) setting technological parameters to start a plasma rotating electrode atomizing device, rotating a steel bar at a speed of 30000r/min, feeding the steel bar at a speed of 1.8mm/s, heating and melting one end of the steel bar by a transfer arc formed by a plasma gun at a current of 3000A, throwing molten steel drops melted by the steel bar in an atomizing chamber under the action of centrifugal force, and cooling the molten steel drops to form steel powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4.5 hours, cooling the powder, sieving by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Comparative example 4
Preparing steel powder from the steel material according to the following steps:
1) processing the steel bar into a steel bar with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 300mm according to the requirements of plasma rotating electrode atomization equipment;
2) ensuring that the ambient temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the ambient humidity is less than or equal to 75 ℃, placing the processed steel bar as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 x 10 < -3 > Pa;
3) setting technological parameters to start a plasma rotating electrode atomizing device, rotating a steel bar at a speed of 30000r/min, wherein the feeding speed of the steel bar is 1.8mm/s, the current of a plasma gun is 1000A, the plasma gun forms a transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the steel bar, molten steel drops melted by the steel bar in an atomizing chamber are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the molten steel drops are cooled to form steel powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4.5 hours, cooling the powder, sieving by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
The steel powders obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to the following tests, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Sphericity: the shorter length to diameter ratio indicates that the closer to 1, the higher the sphericity.
Oxygen content: performed according to GB/T11261.
Apparent density: performed as HB 5441.4.
TABLE 1 test results of steel powder Properties
And (3) morphology observation: the morphology of example 1 is shown in FIG. 1 and the morphology of comparative example 3 is shown in FIG. 7 by scanning with an electron microscope.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the steel powder prepared in example 1 has high sphericity and is substantially free of hollow powder, satellite powder and inclusions, and the morphology of example 2 and example 3 is substantially the same as that of example 1; FIG. 7 is a topographical view of the powder prepared in comparative example 3, showing the presence of occluded fragments in the powder prepared with an excessive current.
Powder particle size analysis: the particle size distribution plots of BT9300ST particle size analyzer, examples 1-3, comparative examples 1, 2 and 4 are shown in FIGS. 2-6 and 8, respectively, and the statistical D50 values, and the percentage of-75 μm powder, are shown in Table 2.
The powder of comparative example 3 showed many fragments, and the distribution of the particles was not statistically significant.
TABLE 2 particle size distribution of the steel powders
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | |
| D50/μm | 33.21 | 33.07 | 33.25 | 15.8 | 74.73 | / | 43.79 |
| -75 μm ratio/%) | 98.27 | 98.31 | 98.25 | 99.78 | 99.98 | / | 99.97 |
FIGS. 2 to 4 are the results of particle size analysis of the powders prepared in examples 1 to 3, respectively, showing that the particle size distribution is concentrated, the yield of fine powder is high, D50 is about 33 μm, and the particle size of more than 98% of the powders is less than 75 μm.
FIG. 5 is a particle size analysis of the powder prepared in comparative example 1, showing that the particle size distribution of the powder prepared at too high a rotation speed is broad, the particle size of the powder is too small, and D50 is about 15 μm;
FIG. 6 is a result of particle size analysis of the powder prepared in comparative example 2, which shows that the powder prepared at too low a rotation speed has too large particle size and low milling efficiency;
FIG. 8 is a particle size analysis of the powder prepared in comparative example 4, showing that the powder prepared by too low a current has a non-uniform particle size distribution and has a double peak.
The granularity index of the special steel powder for remanufacturing requires that D50 is more than or equal to 30 microns and less than or equal to 48 microns, and when the D50 granularity is less than 30 microns, agglomeration is easy to occur during additive manufacturing, the flowability is affected, and powder supply is inconvenient; when the D50 particle size is larger than 48 mu m, the poor powder wettability is easy to generate cracks to influence the quality of a deposited part; from the results, it can be seen that the steel powder D50 prepared by the invention is 33.07-33.25, which meets the index requirement of the granularity of the remanufactured steel powder, and the steel powder prepared by the comparative example does not meet the index requirement of the granularity of the remanufactured steel powder.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (11)
1. A preparation method of steel powder for remanufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) processing the steel material into a steel bar material according to the requirements of plasma rotating electrode atomization equipment;
2) under certain environmental conditions, the processed steel bar is taken as an anode and placed in an atomization furnace, protective gas is filled in the atomization furnace, and the atomization furnace is vacuumized;
3) setting technological parameters to start the plasma rotating electrode atomizing equipment, enabling the steel bar to rotate at a high speed, enabling a plasma gun to form a transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the steel bar, enabling molten steel drops after the steel bar is melted in the atomizing chamber to be thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and cooling the molten steel drops to form steel powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after powder preparation is finished, keeping high pressure in the atomizing furnace for 4-5 hours, screening after the powder is cooled, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
2. The method of producing remanufacturing steel powder of claim 1, wherein:
the steel bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni: 2.75-3.25%, Cr: 0.80% -1.75%, Mn: 0.25% -0.70%, Si: 0.17% -0.37%, C: 0.32-0.42%, Mo: 0.30% -0.40%, S: less than or equal to 0.03%, P: less than or equal to 0.03%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Al: less than or equal to 0.015 percent and the balance of Fe.
3. The method of producing remanufacturing steel powder of claim 1, wherein:
the specification of the steel bar processed in the step 1) is as follows: diameter 50mm, length 300 mm.
4. The method of producing remanufacturing steel powder of claim 1, wherein:
environmental conditions of the step 2): the room temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is less than or equal to 75 ℃.
5. The method of producing remanufacturing steel powder of claim 1, wherein:
the protective gas filled in the step 2) is argon.
6. The method of producing remanufacturing steel powder of claim 1, wherein:
after the atomization furnace in the step 2) is vacuumized, the vacuum degree is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa。
7. The method of producing remanufacturing steel powder of claim 1, wherein:
the equipment parameters of the step 3) are as follows: the rotating speed of the steel bar is 25000 to 30000r/min, and the current of the plasma gun is 1500 to 2500A.
8. The method of producing remanufacturing steel powder of claim 1, wherein:
the feeding speed of the steel bar is 1.6-2.0 mm/s.
9. The method of producing remanufacturing steel powder of claim 1, wherein:
the pressure in the atomization furnace in the step 4) is 120 KPa.
10. The method of producing remanufacturing steel powder of claim 1, wherein:
and (3) sieving the ultrasonic sieving machine in the step 4) by using a 200-mesh sieve.
11. A steel powder produced by the method for producing a remanufacturing steel powder according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein:
the sphericity of the steel powder is more than or equal to 98 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 150ppm, and the apparent density>4.5g/cm3。
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Application publication date: 20211029 |