CN113543614B - Large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom - Google Patents
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- CN113543614B CN113543614B CN202110655098.4A CN202110655098A CN113543614B CN 113543614 B CN113543614 B CN 113543614B CN 202110655098 A CN202110655098 A CN 202110655098A CN 113543614 B CN113543614 B CN 113543614B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, belonging to the technical field of microwave antenna testing; the device comprises a peripheral steel structure frame, an inner aluminum shielding layer and a connecting structure; the peripheral steel structure framework comprises upright posts, lattice beams, trusses and a bottom grid framework; the upright posts, the lattice beams, the trusses and the bottom grid framework form a peripheral steel structure frame for shielding the darkroom; the inner aluminum shielding layer is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the peripheral steel structure frame through a connecting structure to realize sealing; the connecting structure comprises an aluminum pipe and 4 insulating pieces; the insulating part comprises 2 half connecting rings and 2 insulating columns; the invention realizes the performances of high shielding and low intermodulation by the welding process in the materials and the process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antenna testing, and relates to a large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom.
Background
Passive-Intermodulation (PIM) refers to a phenomenon that when two or more carrier waves are input under a high power condition, carrier signals are mutually modulated due to nonlinearity of a microwave Passive component, and a combined product of carrier frequencies falls into a receiving passband to cause interference.
With the rapid development of communication, space science and earth observation industries, various application satellites are more and more, the requirement on large-scale antennas of the satellites is more and more urgent, and the size requirement of the antennas is more and more large, so that the signal transmission capability is improved, and the ground receiving device is reduced. These antenna meshes are from several meters to over a hundred meters in aperture and are required to have high-precision reflection characteristics that satisfy high-frequency band operation. Due to the limitation of the carrying capacity of the space vehicle, the antenna is generally folded and fixed in the vehicle, and is unfolded into a working state after the spacecraft enters the orbit. The large-scale expandable antenna comprises a mesh expandable antenna, an expandable planar array antenna, a petal-type solid surface expandable antenna, a flexible self-rebounding antenna, an inflatable antenna and the like.
Foreign metal mesh-type spread antennas have been widely used, and antennas with a diameter of more than ten meters are mostly mesh-type spread antennas. The metal mesh antenna has the characteristics of large expanded caliber, light weight, wide frequency coverage, good elasticity, relative softness and large volume shrinkage ratio. Meanwhile, the forming precision is high, the performance is stable, the working reliability is high, and the application is wide. The progress of the antenna network technology, the network surface performance and the application working characteristics become the key for determining the performance, the efficiency and the service life of the satellite-borne antenna, and the development direction of the antenna can be developed in various countries.
However, the electrical performance of the antenna is directly affected by the number of broken ends of the metal mesh, defects and the uniformity of the mesh surface in all directions. The passive intermodulation performance of the metal mesh is not only related to the broken ends and the defects of the metal mesh, but also related to the material, the coating, the weaving parameters and the like of the mesh wires.
The key to develop a mesh-type spreading antenna shared by satellite transceiving is to master the advanced process technology for manufacturing the metal mesh, and the research on the aspect needs to be strengthened, so that a large PIM darkroom needs to be built for model antenna test verification and research. The existing darkroom mainly has the following defects:
(1) In the prior darkroom technology, a cold-rolled steel plate is mostly adopted as a shielding layer, the cold-rolled steel plate belongs to a nonlinear material high PIM material, and a darkroom with requirements for testing PIM cannot be adopted;
(2) Argon arc welding is mostly adopted in the existing darkroom shielding layer welding technology, and missing welding and discontinuous paths of gap electromagnetic waves in the welding technology are reasons for seriously causing poor PIM performance;
(3) In the prior art, the frame and the shielding layer are grounded into a whole, and the nonlinear characteristic of the outer layer steel material can enter a darkroom in a common mode to influence the performance;
(4) Influence of the flatness of the shielding layer on the performance of the darkroom is not considered in a common darkroom, the darkroom is made of different materials including a frame material and the shielding layer, and meanwhile, the flatness of the shielding layer is poor, so that PIM performance is influenced and the problem of the flatness is considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the defects in the prior art are overcome, the large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom is provided, and the high shielding and low intermodulation performance is realized through the welding process and the connecting process of materials and the process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom comprises a peripheral steel structure frame, an inner aluminum shielding layer and a connecting structure; the peripheral steel structure framework comprises upright posts, lattice beams, trusses and a bottom grid framework; the bottom grid framework is a horizontally placed rectangular structure; the upright posts are uniformly distributed along the outer contour of the bottom surface grid framework at equal intervals and are vertically arranged to form a wall body framework for shielding a darkroom; the adjacent 2 upright posts are fixed through a lattice beam; the lattice beams are horizontally arranged and form a plurality of groups of rectangular annular structures, so that the wall frame of the shielding darkroom is fastened; the groups of rectangular ring structures are uniformly distributed at equal intervals from top to bottom; the trusses are parallel to each other and are horizontally arranged at the top of the upright post at equal intervals; one end of the truss is fixedly connected with the top of the upright post positioned on the side edge, and the other end of the truss is fixedly connected with the top of the upright post corresponding to the opposite side edge; the upright posts, the lattice beams, the trusses and the bottom grid framework form a peripheral steel structure frame for shielding the darkroom; the inner aluminum shielding layer is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the peripheral steel structure frame through a connecting structure to realize sealing.
In the large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, the distance between the adjacent 2 upright posts is 5m; the truss is a herringbone truss structure.
In the large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, the inner aluminum shielding layer is made of an aluminum plate material; the thickness of the inner aluminum shielding layer is 3mm.
In the large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, the inner aluminum shielding layer is formed by splicing shielding plate units; the size of the shielding plate unit is 10m multiplied by 3mm; the shielding plate unit is welded by an aluminum plate block by a friction stir welding method; the aluminium plate block size was 2m × 1m × 3mm.
At foretell large-scale passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, bottom surface net skeleton adopts the channel-section steel welding to make, during installation bottom surface net skeleton, digs the rectangle recess that corresponds with the size earlier on ground, places bottom surface net skeleton in the recess, passes through connection structure installation inlayer aluminium matter shielding layer at the upper surface of bottom surface net skeleton, then at the upper surface tile concrete of inlayer aluminium matter shielding layer.
In the large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, the bearing capacity of the bottom grid framework after installation is not lower than 50kN/m 3 。
In the large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, the joint of the inner aluminum shielding layer and the connecting structure and the joint of the peripheral steel structure frame and the connecting structure are welded in an inverse direct current argon arc welding mode.
In the large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, the connecting structure comprises an aluminum pipe and 4 insulating pieces; the aluminum pipe is welded on the outer wall of the shielding plate unit in a # -shape; 4 insulation pieces are respectively welded at 4 intersection points of the # -shaped aluminum pipe; and each shielding plate unit is welded and fixed with the peripheral steel structure frame through 4 insulating pieces.
In the large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, the insulating part comprises 2 half connecting rings and 2 insulating columns; wherein, the half connecting rings are in a structure of a Chinese character 'ji' shape with opposite openings; the 2 insulation posts are symmetrically arranged between the 2 half connecting rings and are positioned at two sides of the opening of the half connecting rings; the unopened end of one half connecting ring is fixedly welded with the shielding plate unit, and the unopened end of the other half connecting ring is fixedly welded with the peripheral steel structure frame.
In the large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, the shielding energy efficiency of the shielding darkroom is not less than 3188dB.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, through the selection of materials, the influence of nonlinear introduction of materials in a darkroom on PIM performance is solved; the traditional mode is broken through, and the aluminum plate with proper thickness is selected as the material of the shielding layer, so that the organic combination of shielding and low intermodulation performance is realized;
(2) The invention selects two welding modes, realizes the guarantee of low intermodulation performance, firstly applies the friction stir welding technology to the aspect of reducing the PIM performance, and simultaneously combines the friction stir welding technology and the inversion direct current argon arc welding (MIG) technology to be applied to the construction process of a large PIM darkroom, thereby reducing the influence of contact nonlinearity on the PIM performance of the darkroom;
(3) The invention has the advantages that the unique grounding mode simultaneously considers the flatness of the shielding surface, the connection between the aluminum plate and the steel structure adopts the way that the back surface of the aluminum plate is welded with a square aluminum pipe through argon arc welding to form a continuous 'well' frame framework, and the framework has a specially-made component so as to be connected with a steel structure column (beam) through an insulating column.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the peripheral steel structural frame of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a shield plate unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the mounting position of the aluminum pipe and the insulator according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the insulating member of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The invention provides a large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom, which is designed into a self-supporting steel frame structure aiming at the influence of two non-linearities in the darkroom, and a shielding layer is connected on the frame structure in an insulation column transition connection mode. The non-linearity of the material is considered in the shielding layer, and the material of a pure aluminum plate is selected to realize high shielding performance and low intermodulation performance. Aiming at the influence of contact nonlinearity, an aluminum plate with the size of 10m (L) x3m (W) x3mm (T) is welded by friction stir welding for welding between aluminum plates with the size of 10m (L) x3m (W) x3mm (T), and the connection between the aluminum plate with the size of 10m (L) x3m (W) x3mm (T) and a self-supporting frame structure adopts an inverse direct current argon arc welding (MIG) welding mode. Aiming at the problems that the size of an aluminum plate is large, and the flatness can influence the passive intermodulation performance, the back of the aluminum plate and the steel structure is adopted to be connected to form a continuous 'well' frame framework by welding a square aluminum pipe through argon arc welding, and the framework is provided with a special component so as to be connected with a steel structure column (beam) through an insulating column. The connection process achieves high shielding and low intermodulation performance through materials and welding processes in the process.
The large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom specifically comprises a peripheral steel structure frame, an inner aluminum shielding layer and a connecting structure; can meet the requirements of rigidity, strength and stability of the darkroom structure. The peripheral steel structure frame adopts a self-supporting frame structure and is independent of surrounding building walls and ceilings. And the peripheral steel structure frame is a main bearing body for all loads such as shielding and wave-absorbing materials, and the PIM darkroom is a self-bearing structure and does not need a parent body to provide additional support. The bearing structure is a frame structure formed by welding a main upright post and a top main beam, and the main upright post is supported on a bottom surface embedded part.
The peripheral steel structure frame comprises upright posts 1, lattice beams 2, trusses 3 and a bottom grid framework. The bottom grid framework is a horizontally placed rectangular structure; the upright posts 1 are uniformly distributed along the outer contour of the bottom surface grid framework at equal intervals, and the upright posts 1 are vertically arranged to form a wall body framework for shielding a dark room; the adjacent 2 upright posts 1 are fixed through lattice beams 2; the lattice type beams 2 are horizontally arranged, and the lattice type beams 2 enclose a plurality of groups of rectangular annular structures, so that the wall frame of the shielding darkroom is fastened; the groups of rectangular ring structures are uniformly distributed at equal intervals from top to bottom; the trusses 3 are parallel to each other and are horizontally arranged at the top of the upright post 1 at equal intervals; one end of the truss 3 is fixedly connected with the top of the upright post 1 positioned on the side edge, and the other end of the truss 3 is fixedly connected with the top of the upright post 1 corresponding to the opposite side edge; the upright posts 1, the lattice beams 2, the trusses 3 and the bottom grid framework form a peripheral steel structure framework for shielding a dark room, as shown in figure 1. The inner aluminum shielding layer is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the peripheral steel structure frame through a connecting structure to realize sealing. The bottom surface grid framework is made of channel steel in a welded mode, when the bottom surface grid framework is installed, the rectangular groove corresponding to the size is dug on the ground, the bottom surface grid framework is placed in the groove, and the upper surface of the bottom surface grid framework is connected through the connecting jointAnd mounting an inner aluminum shielding layer, and then paving concrete on the upper surface of the inner aluminum shielding layer. No metal ribs are used in the concrete foundation in the PIM darkroom, so that PIM generation is reduced as much as possible. The ground concrete uses high-grade cement, and the bearing capacity of the bottom grid framework after installation is not lower than 50kN/m 3 . Because aluminum plate hardness is lower, the dark room concrete pressure is on aluminum plate ground, can make aluminum plate and upper and lower concrete seamless contact to reach better roughness effect.
The distance between every two adjacent upright columns 1 is 5m; the connection of the column base and the bottom grid framework adopts hinged connection. The middle of the column is supported by a lattice beam 2, so that the integral lateral stiffness of the structure is increased. The truss 3 is of a herringbone truss structure. The inner aluminum shielding layer is made of aluminum plate material; and the inner aluminum shielding layer is formed by welding high-quality aluminum plates with medium hardness and the thickness of 3mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the inner aluminum shielding layer is formed by splicing shielding plate units; the size of the shielding plate unit is 10m multiplied by 3mm; the shielding plate unit is welded by an aluminum plate block by a friction stir welding method; the aluminium plate had dimensions of 2 m.times.1 m.times.3 mm. Friction stir welding obtains a microscopic grain structure finer than that of a base metal through actions of friction heating, crushing, stirring, upsetting and the like of a stirring head on a welded material, thereby realizing high-quality reliable welding, obtaining an excellent welded joint without cavities and cracks, and generally having tensile strength greater than or superior to that of the base metal. The welding of the main body shielding plate ensures the PIM performance. However, friction stir welding is not suitable for high-altitude field operation, and the connection between the large aluminum plate and the self-supporting frame structure adopts an inverse direct current argon arc welding (MIG) welding mode.
And the joint of the inner aluminum shielding layer and the connecting structure and the joint of the peripheral steel structure frame and the connecting structure are welded in an inverse direct current argon arc welding mode.
As shown in fig. 3, the connecting structure comprises an aluminum pipe 4 and 4 insulators 5; the aluminum pipe 4 is welded on the outer wall of the shielding plate unit in a groined shape; 4 insulation pieces 5 are respectively welded at 4 intersection points of the # -shaped aluminum pipe 4; each shielding plate unit is welded and fixed with the peripheral steel structure frame through 4 insulating pieces 5.
As shown in fig. 4, the insulating member 5 includes 2 half coupling rings 51 and 2 insulating columns 52; wherein, the half connecting ring 51 is a structure of a shape like a Chinese character 'ji' with the opening oppositely arranged; the 2 insulation posts 52 are symmetrically arranged between the 2 half connecting rings 51 and positioned at two sides of the opening of the half connecting ring 51; the unopened end of one half connecting ring 51 is welded and fixed with the shielding plate unit, and the unopened end of the other half connecting ring 51 is welded and fixed with the peripheral steel structure frame.
The shielding energy efficiency of the shielding darkroom is not less than 3188dB.
The invention adopts a self-supporting steel structure for the first time, and the internal shield adopts a double-layer combined structure of aluminum plates.
To achieve shielding performance of the PIM darkroom while considering low PIM performance, material nonlinearity affecting PIM performance needs to be removed in material selection. The framework of the shielding layer selected in the large PIM darkroom is a steel structure, and the adopted structural form is a self-standing type. The inner shielding layer finally selects a 3mm aluminum plate as the inner shielding layer by considering the problems of low PIM performance and large-area flatness of the material.
The invention adopts an inverse direct current argon arc welding (MIG) combined friction stir welding process mode for reducing PIM performance.
According to the size of aluminum materials on the market, an aluminum plate with the shielding side surface of 2m (L) x1m (W) x3mm (T) is welded into an aluminum plate with the size of 10m (L) x3m (W) x3mm (T) through friction stir welding, in the field, the aluminum plate with the size of 10m (L) x3m (W) x3mm (T) is welded between corners through welding and adopting inverse direct current argon arc welding (MIG), the aluminum plate and the steel structure are connected through welding square aluminum pipes through argon arc welding at the back to form a continuous 'well' framework, and the framework is provided with a specially-made component so as to be connected with a steel structure column (beam) through an insulating column.
The shielding aluminum plate and the steel framework are connected in a back aluminum pipe transition insulation column connection mode. According to the principle and calculation of metal plate electromagnetic shielding, as long as the electrical continuity of the shielding shell is ensured, the electromagnetic sealing between the aluminum plates is good, the shielding performance can greatly meet the requirements of shielding indexes in each frequency band, the shielding body is close to zero potential due to good grounding of the shielding body, the resistance of the shielding body to ground is smaller, and the shielding effect is better. Meanwhile, the flatness of the shielding aluminum plate can influence the performance of PIM, a continuous 'well' framework is formed by welding a square aluminum pipe on the back of the aluminum plate through argon arc welding, and a specially-made component is arranged on the framework so as to be connected with a steel structure column (beam) through an insulating column, so that the flatness of shielding grounding and the aluminum plate is realized. After the unit aluminum plate hoisting and the steel structure are connected through the insulating column and leveled, the inner surfaces of the adjacent unit plates are continuously and fully welded in an argon arc welding mode.
The framework has specially made members to connect with steel structural columns (beams) through insulated columns. After the hoisting of the unit plates and the steel structure are connected through the insulating columns and leveled, the inner surfaces of the adjacent unit plates are continuously and fully welded in an argon arc welding mode. In order to control the flatness of the surface of the whole welded shield, the grids of the unit plate framework must be encrypted to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity. The framework of the unit plate is composed of 1m 0.5m small grids formed by 40 x 60 mm square pipe profiles.
Three kinds of losses are generated when electromagnetic waves are incident on the surface of the metal plate, and the sum of the shielding effects thereof can be expressed by the following formula:
S(dB)＝A+R+M
in the formula: a conduction attenuation of absorption loss (dB) in metal, R reflection loss (dB) between metal plate surface and air, and M multiple reflection loss (dB) loss of repeated reflection on both sides of metal plate
If the absorption loss is large (above 10 dB), the corresponding reflection loss is very small, and therefore the multiple reflection loss M is negligible.
Absorption loss:
in the formula: t-taking into account the strength of the shield; taking the thickness (mm) of the aluminum plate as 3mm; the frequency (Hz) of the f-electromagnetic wave is 100MHz; μ r-relative permeability of aluminum plate; σ r — relative conductivity of aluminum plate 0.61, calculated as:
A＝0.131×3×(1+E8×1×0.61)0.5＝3069dB
reflection loss:
in the formula: zw-far field airwave impedance (377 Ω); zs-wave impedance of the aluminum plate;
i.e., the total shielding effectiveness is calculated as follows:
S(dB)＝A+R＝3069+119＝3188dB。
the shielding effectiveness calculation meets the requirement, and the shielding effectiveness can reach hundreds of complete satisfaction even if the frequency is as low as 100 KHZ.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make possible variations and modifications of the present invention using the method and the technical contents disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A large passive intermodulation shielding darkroom is characterized in that: comprises a peripheral steel structure frame, an inner aluminum shielding layer and a connecting structure; the peripheral steel structure framework comprises upright posts (1), lattice beams (2), trusses (3) and a bottom grid framework; the bottom grid framework is a horizontally placed rectangular structure; the upright posts (1) are uniformly distributed along the outer contour of the bottom surface grid framework at equal intervals, and the upright posts (1) are vertically arranged to form a wall body frame for shielding a darkroom; the adjacent 2 upright posts (1) are fixed by a lattice beam (2); the lattice type beams (2) are horizontally arranged, and the lattice type beams (2) enclose a plurality of groups of rectangular annular structures, so that the wall frame of the shielding darkroom is fastened; the groups of rectangular ring structures are uniformly distributed at equal intervals from top to bottom; the trusses (3) are parallel to each other and are horizontally placed at the top of the upright post (1) at equal intervals; one end of the truss (3) is fixedly connected with the top of the upright post (1) positioned on the side edge, and the other end of the truss (3) is fixedly connected with the top of the upright post (1) corresponding to the opposite side edge; the upright posts (1), the lattice type beams (2), the trusses (3) and the bottom grid framework form a peripheral steel structure frame for shielding a darkroom; the inner aluminum shielding layer is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the peripheral steel structure frame through a connecting structure to realize sealing;
the inner aluminum shielding layer is made of an aluminum plate material; the thickness of the inner aluminum shielding layer is 3mm;
the inner aluminum shielding layer is formed by splicing shielding plate units; the size of the shielding plate unit is 10m multiplied by 3mm; the shielding plate unit is welded by an aluminum plate block by a friction stir welding method; the size of the aluminum plate is 2m multiplied by 1m multiplied by 3mm;
the joint of the inner aluminum shielding layer and the connecting structure and the joint of the peripheral steel structure frame and the connecting structure are welded in an inverse direct current argon arc welding mode;
the connecting structure comprises an aluminum pipe (4) and 4 insulating pieces (5); the aluminum pipe (4) is welded on the outer wall of the shielding plate unit in a groined shape; 4 insulating pieces (5) are respectively welded at 4 intersection points of the # -shaped aluminum pipe (4); each shielding plate unit is welded and fixed with the peripheral steel structure frame through 4 insulating pieces (5);
the insulating piece (5) comprises 2 half connecting rings (51) and 2 insulating columns (52); wherein, the half connecting ring (51) is in a structure of a shape like a Chinese character 'ji' with the openings oppositely arranged; the 2 insulation columns (52) are symmetrically arranged between the 2 half connecting rings (51) and are positioned at two sides of the opening of the half connecting rings (51); the unopened end of one half connecting ring (51) is fixedly welded with the shielding plate unit, and the unopened end of the other half connecting ring (51) is fixedly welded with the peripheral steel structure frame.
2. The large passive intermodulation shielded darkroom of claim 1, wherein: the distance between every two adjacent upright posts (1) is 5m; the truss (3) is of a herringbone truss structure.
3. The large passive intermodulation shielded darkroom of claim 2, wherein: the bottom surface grid framework is made of channel steel through welding, when the bottom surface grid framework is installed, rectangular grooves corresponding to the sizes are dug in the ground, the bottom surface grid framework is placed in the grooves, the inner-layer aluminum shielding layer is installed on the upper surface of the bottom surface grid framework through a connecting structure, and then concrete is paved on the upper surface of the inner-layer aluminum shielding layer.
4. A large passive intermodulation shielded darkroom as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the bearing capacity of the bottom grid framework after installation is not lower than 50kN/m 3 。
5. The large passive intermodulation shielded darkroom of claim 4, wherein: the shielding energy efficiency of the shielding darkroom is not less than 3188dB.
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