CN113547122B

CN113547122B - Shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on 3D printing technology

Info

Publication number: CN113547122B
Application number: CN202110830256.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 时晓宇; 王守仁; 王高琦; 温道胜; 张明远; 杨学锋; 刘立华; 张建鹏; 潘超
Original assignee: University of Jinan
Current assignee: University of Jinan
Priority date: 2021-07-22
Filing date: 2021-07-22
Publication date: 2023-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-22
Also published as: CN113547122A

Abstract

A shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on a 3D printing technology comprises the steps of forming a blade substrate; it is characterized by also comprising the following steps: 1) Providing first alloy powder as wear-resistant phase printing powder, second alloy powder as reinforcing phase printing powder and third alloy powder as basic phase printing powder; 2) Carrying out laser 3D printing by taking YG15 die steel as a substrate and basic phase printing powder as a raw material; the printing thickness is 1.5 +/-0.1 mm; 3) Performing laser 3D printing on the surface of the basic phase layer by taking the enhanced phase printing powder as a raw material; the crossing angle of the two directions is 90 degrees, and a cross net shape is formed; 4) Printing and filling crossed net-shaped diamond-shaped gaps by using wear-resistant phase powder, wherein the height of the diamond-shaped gaps is consistent with that of the enhancement phase layer; and 5) finally, printing bosses with enhanced phase printing powder on two sides of the crossed reticular area and the area formed by the wear-resistant diamond printing bodies respectively, and performing finish machining by using a milling machine. The blade manufactured by the method has high hardness and toughness and long service life.

Description

Shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on 3D printing technology

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of shot blasting blades, in particular to a shot blasting blade forming method.

Background

The shot blasting machine utilizes high-speed shot ejected by the shot blasting machine to bombard the surface of a workpiece so as to achieve the purposes of cleaning, strengthening and the like, and the blade of the shot blasting machine is used as an important part of the shot blasting machine, and the efficiency and the quality of the shot blasting process are directly determined by the performance of the material.

In the working process of the shot blasting blade, the motor drives the shot blasting blade to rotate at a high speed, the blade is impacted by the shot, meanwhile, the shot is worn to different degrees at the moment of being ejected, and the failure of the blade is the common result of the two damages.

Firstly, when the blade is impacted by a shot, the blade of the shot blasting machine is deformed by periodic stress action, and the impact pits left by the impact deform the material so as to extrude the material towards the surrounding direction, so that the material can generate stress concentration in different degrees. And secondly, the abrasion to the blades when the shot is thrown accelerates the deformation of the blades of the shot blasting machine and the loss of materials. Finally, the blade is subjected to the action of accumulated periodic stress and abrasion, so that the phenomena of falling, cracking, deformation and the like can occur, and finally, the blade is directly broken.

At present, the shot blasting machine blade mainly uses die steel, wherein Cr element is mainly involved in the composition of the hard phase, and elements such as Mo and V are added to improve the impact toughness, the hot workability and the like, but the wear resistance and the impact toughness are still not satisfactory, and a great improvement space is provided. From the perspective of material performance, we generally consider that the higher the hardness, the lower the toughness of the material, and happen to be under the working condition of the shot blasting blade, we have the greatest requirements for the two performances, which makes it very important for designers to grasp and select the material and the process method.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on a 3D printing technology, and aims to achieve the purposes of high hardness and high toughness by organically combining different processes and various composite materials, so that the service life of a shot blasting blade is prolonged, and the industrial cost is reduced.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on a 3D printing technology comprises the steps of forming a blade substrate; the method is characterized by also comprising the following steps:

step 1), firstly providing three alloy powders:

the first alloy powder is wear-resistant phase printing powder, and the mass fraction ratio of the elements is as follows: c is less than or equal to 3%, cr:12%, B:6%, si:4%, fe:8%, ti:17%, co:10% and the balance of Ni;

the second alloy powder is reinforced phase printing powder; the mass fraction ratio of the elements is as follows: c:1.5%, si:0.5%, mn:1%, S is less than or equal to 3%, P is less than or equal to 3%, cr:12%, mo:0.5%, V:0.3 percent, and the balance of Fe;

the third alloy powder is base phase printing powder; the mass fraction ratio of the elements is as follows: c:1.5%, ni:33%, cr:8%, B:2%, si:3 percent, and the balance being Fe;

step 2), taking YG15 die steel as a substrate, and respectively taking basic phase printing powder as raw materials on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate to perform laser 3D printing; the laser power is 1500W, the powder feeding rate is 5L/min, the printing speed is 300mm/min, and the defocusing amount is 15mm; the lapping rate is 45 percent, and the thickness of the basic phase layer is respectively controlled to be 1.5 +/-0.1 mm;

step 3), respectively carrying out laser 3D printing on two surfaces of the substrate by taking the enhanced phase printing powder as a raw material to prepare a plurality of linear enhanced phase layers; printing laser power of 2000W, powder feeding rate of 4L/min and printing speed of 500mm/min, wherein when the enhanced phase layer is printed, the surfaces of two basic phase layers printed on YG15 steel in the step 2) are respectively printed, the printing direction of the enhanced phase layer on each surface is parallel printing along the diagonal line of the basic phase layer, and the printing mode is single-channel reciprocating type; after the printing of the first direction of the enhanced phase layers on the same surface is finished, the enhanced phase layers are changed into the cross printing of the second direction, the cross angle of the two directions is 90 degrees during the printing, and two groups of linear enhanced phase layers printed in the two directions form a cross net shape;

step 4), printing by using the wear-resistant phase printing powder to fill the crossed net-shaped diamond-shaped gaps formed by the reinforced phase layers on the upper surface and the lower surface, wherein the laser power for printing the wear-resistant phase printing powder is 1800W, the powder feeding rate is 6.5L/min, the printing speed is 500mm/min, and the defocusing amount is 15mm; the height of a wear-resistant diamond printing body printed in each diamond gap on the same surface is the same as the wall height of the linear enhancement phase layer on the same surface;

and 5) finally, printing bosses with enhanced phase printing powder on two sides of the crossed reticular area and the area formed by the wear-resistant diamond printing bodies respectively, and finishing the blade assembly after finish machining by a milling machine.

As a further technical scheme of the invention: on the same surface of the substrate, the height of each linear reinforcing phase layer wall is 1.5mm; and the height of the wear-resistant diamond-shaped printing body printed in each diamond-shaped gap on the same surface is 1.5mm.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the line width of the linear enhancement phase layer is 1cm.

Further: the linear enhancement phase layers printed in the first direction are parallel and have equal intervals, and the linear enhancement phase layers printed in the second direction are parallel and have equal intervals.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the distance between the linear enhancement phase layers printed in the first direction is equal to the distance between the linear enhancement phase layers printed in the second direction.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention mainly considers the service performance of the blade under the actual working condition through two aspects of materials and process methods. By utilizing a 3D printing technology, two kinds of powder with different properties are metallurgically combined through a high-power laser energy beam, the forming technology is a process of quickly solidifying and cooling a molten pool, and the difference between the formed alloy and the expected performance is negligible. Wherein, to the material design of wearing-resistant looks layer and reinforcing looks wall for the blade has higher wear resistance, and reinforcing looks wall distributes inside the blade simultaneously, has played the cushioning effect when warping the blade, and above-mentioned two kinds of powders all are metal commonly used, and economic performance is good. In addition, when the wear-resistant phase layer is prepared, the reinforced phase layer wall is not easy to melt; and after the wear-resistant phase layer and the enhanced phase layer paper are prepared, the static stress is small, the performance is good, and the damage is not easy to generate. The change of an included angle at the crossed included angle caused by collapse can be controlled within +/-3.5-5%; meanwhile, cladding process parameters of the three reinforcing phases are optimized, and on the premise of ensuring the mechanical property of the three reinforcing phases, the setting of cladding experiment parameters is carried out by combining the difference of the thermophysical properties of the three powders, so that one printing layer can be microscopically well metallurgically combined with the other printing layer while one powder is printed, and large-area collapse caused by overhigh energy of a laser beam can be avoided, thereby the mechanical properties of the reinforcing phases and the wear-resistant phases are exerted to the maximum extent.

Drawings

The invention will be further explained and explained with reference to the drawings and examples:

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a molded blade;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the blade after it has been formed (direction A of FIG. 1);

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a specific printing direction in an embodiment of the present invention (an enlarged schematic view of a partial top view at B in FIG. 2);

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a printed enhanced phase layer, wear resistant diamond print;

in the figure: the printing plate comprises a substrate 1, an enhanced phase layer in a first direction 2, an enhanced phase layer in a second direction 3, a wear-resistant diamond printing body 4, a boss 5 and a basic phase layer 6.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the method for manufacturing the shot blasting machine blade based on the 3D printing technology includes forming a blade substrate; it is characterized by also comprising the following steps:

step 1), firstly providing three alloy powders:

the first alloy powder is wear-resistant phase printing powder, and the mass fraction ratio of the elements is as follows: c is less than or equal to 3%, cr:12%, B:6%, si:4%, fe:8%, ti:17%, co:10%, and the balance being Ni;

the wear-resistant phase printing powder takes Ni powder as a main element, wherein added Ti and B elements are self-generated into TiB in a molten pool in situ ₂ ，TiB ₂ In the process of solidification of a molten pool, tiB is gradually generated and used as a main support of a wear-resistant phase layer, and has higher hardness and wear resistance, and because the TiB is formed in situ, the mobility and wettability of each element in the molten pool are quite high, the TiB is mainly distributed in the wear-resistant phase layer in a dispersion manner; and the alloy formed by the Cr element and the Ni element is a single-phase austenite structure, has stable structure performance, better plasticity, toughness, cold stamping property and weldability, and can meet the basic requirements of a 3D printing technology on materials and the adaptability of the formed blade to working conditions.

the reinforced phase printing powder mainly takes iron-based powder, is mainly suitable for the thermal physical property of YG15, and simultaneously, the added Mo, V and Mn elements improve the impact toughness and carbide distribution to a great extent.

Step 2), using YG15 die steel as a substrate 1, wherein the size of the substrate is determined according to specific blade parameters, and the size of the substrate selected in the embodiment is 157mm 74mm 3mm; respectively carrying out laser 3D printing on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate by using basic phase printing powder as a raw material; the laser power is 1500W, the powder feeding rate is 5L/min, the printing speed is 300mm/min, and the defocusing amount is 15mm; the lapping rate was 45%, and the thickness of the base phase layer 6 was controlled to 1.5. + -. 0.1mm, respectively, as shown in FIG. 2.

Step 3), respectively carrying out laser 3D printing on two surfaces of the substrate by taking the enhanced phase printing powder as a raw material to prepare a plurality of linear enhanced phase layers; the printing laser power is 2000W, the powder feeding rate is 4L/min, the printing speed is 500mm/min, and the lapping rate has no practical significance because the single-pass printing is adopted, and the setting is not performed temporarily; when the enhancement phase layers are printed, the surfaces of two basic phase layers printed on YG15 steel in the step 2) are respectively printed, the printing direction of the enhancement phase layer on each surface is parallel printing along the diagonal line of the basic phase layers, the printing mode is a single-channel reciprocating type, and the wall heights of the printed enhancement phase layers in the first direction and the second direction are both 1.5mm in the embodiment; after the printing in the first direction is finished, the enhanced phase layer 2 in the first direction is manufactured, the printing in the second direction is changed into the cross printing in the second direction, the enhanced phase layer 3 in the second direction is manufactured, the cross angle of the two directions is 90 degrees during the printing, and two groups of linear enhanced phase layers printed in the two directions form a cross net shape, as shown in fig. 3.

In this embodiment, the height of each line of the linear reinforcing phase layer is 1.5mm, and the line width of the linear reinforcing phase layer is 1cm. Because the 3D printing process can generate collapse, the final forming of the angle formed by the intersection of the two directions is not absolute 90 degrees, and the angle change after the forming is controlled to be +/-3.5-5 percent by the method. On the premise of ensuring the mechanical properties of the reinforcing phase layer, the setting of cladding experiment parameters by combining the difference of the thermophysical properties of the three powders ensures that one of the powders can be printed while the other printed layer is microscopically in good metallurgical bonding with the other printed layer, and large-area collapse caused by over-high energy of a laser beam can not occur, so that the mechanical properties of the reinforcing phase and the wear-resistant phase are exerted to the maximum extent.

In this step, the plurality of linear retarder layers 2 printed in the first direction are parallel to each other at equal intervals, and the plurality of linear retarder layers 3 printed in the second direction are also parallel to each other at equal intervals.

And the spacing between the linear enhancement phase layers printed in the first direction is equal to the spacing between the linear enhancement phase layers printed in the second direction.

Step 4), printing by using the wear-resistant phase printing powder to fill the crossed net-shaped diamond-shaped gaps formed by the reinforced phase layer, wherein the laser power of the wear-resistant phase printing powder printing is 1800W, the powder feeding rate is 6.5L/min, the printing speed is 500mm/min, and the defocusing amount is 15mm; the height of the wear-resistant diamond-shaped printing body 4 printed in the diamond-shaped gap of each surface is 1.5mm; in the process of printing the wear-resistant phase powder, a small part of the reinforcing phase layer wall is melted, so that the reinforcing phase layer wall and the fusion area of the wear-resistant phase block are mutually fused, and the molten pool is gradually solidified into metallurgical bonding along with the change of the supercooling degree.

And 5) finally, respectively printing bosses 5 on two sides (namely two side positions of the substrate 1) of the area formed by the crossed reticular area and the wear-resistant diamond printing body by using reinforcing phase printing powder, and finishing the blade assembly by using a milling machine.

The method utilizes a 3D printing technology to metallurgically combine two kinds of powder with different properties with an alloy through a high-power laser energy beam, the forming technology is a molten pool rapid solidification and cooling process, and the difference between the formed alloy and the expected performance is negligible. Wherein, to the material design of wearing-resistant looks layer and reinforcing looks wall for the blade has higher wear resistance, and reinforcing looks wall distributes inside the blade simultaneously, has played the cushioning effect when warping the blade, and above-mentioned two kinds of powders all are metal commonly used, and economic performance is good.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on a 3D printing technology comprises the steps of forming a blade substrate; it is characterized by also comprising the following steps:

step 1), first providing three alloy powders:

the first alloy powder is wear-resistant phase printing powder, and the mass fraction ratio of the elements is as follows:

c is less than or equal to 3 percent, cr:12%, B:6%, si:4%, fe:8%, ti:17%, co:10% and the balance of Ni;

the second alloy powder is reinforced phase printing powder; the weight percentage ratio of the elements is as follows:

c:1.5%, si:0.5%, mn:1%, S is less than or equal to 3%, P is less than or equal to 3%, cr:12%, mo:0.5%, V:0.3 percent, and the balance being Fe;

the third alloy powder is basic phase printing powder; the mass fraction ratio of the elements is as follows: c:1.5%, ni:33%, cr:8%, B:2%, si:3 percent, and the balance being Fe;

step 2), taking YG15 die steel as a substrate, and respectively taking basic phase printing powder as raw materials on two surfaces of the substrate to perform laser 3D printing; the laser power is 1500W, the powder feeding rate is 5L/min, the printing speed is 300mm/min, and the defocusing amount is 15mm; the lapping rate is 45 percent, and the thickness of the basic phase layer is respectively controlled to be 1.5 +/-0.1 mm;

step 3), respectively carrying out laser 3D printing on two surfaces of the substrate by taking the enhanced phase printing powder as a raw material to prepare a plurality of linear enhanced phase layers; printing laser power of 2000W, powder feeding rate of 4L/min and printing speed of 500mm/min, wherein when the enhanced phase layer is printed, the surfaces of two basic phase layers printed on the YG15 steel in the step 2) are respectively printed, the printing direction of the enhanced phase layer on each surface is parallel printing along the diagonal line of the basic phase layer, and the printing mode is single-channel reciprocating type; after the printing of the first direction of the enhanced phase layers on the same surface is finished, the enhanced phase layers are changed into the cross printing of the second direction, the cross angle of the two directions is 90 degrees during the printing, and two groups of linear enhanced phase layers printed in the two directions form a cross net shape;

2. The shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: on the same surface of the substrate, the height of each linear enhancement phase layer wall is 1.5mm; and the height of the wear-resistant diamond-shaped printing body printed in each diamond-shaped gap on the same surface is 1.5mm.

3. The shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the line width of the linear enhancement phase layer is 1cm.

4. The shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the linear enhancement phase layers printed in the first direction are parallel and have equal intervals, and the linear enhancement phase layers printed in the second direction are parallel and have equal intervals.

5. The shot blasting gradient function blade forming method based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein the shot blasting gradient function blade forming method comprises the following steps: the spacing between the linear enhancement phase layers printed in the first direction is equal to the spacing between the linear enhancement phase layers printed in the second direction.