CN113506106B

CN113506106B - Transaction method, settlement method, device and storage medium thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113506106B
Application number: CN202110660592.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林祥兴; 艾本仁; 杜聚龙
Original assignee: Shujie Shenzhen Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shujie Shenzhen Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-15
Filing date: 2021-06-15
Publication date: 2024-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-15
Also published as: CN113506106A

Abstract

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a transaction method, a settlement method, a device thereof and a storage medium; the transaction method comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out multiple microtransactions included in the transaction; in each micro-transaction, the payer generates a micro-transaction payment voucher for being a payment commitment and sends the micro-transaction payment voucher to the payer; wherein the microtransaction payment credential is a payer-signed microtransaction, the microtransaction being the sum of all microtransactions in the transaction that have been or are expected to be completed as confirmed by at least the payer; when a preset settlement condition is met, submitting a settlement request for a plurality of micro-transactions which are completed but not submitted by a submitting party, wherein the settlement request at least carries micro-transaction information; wherein the microtransaction information includes the microtransaction payment credentials and microtransaction data; the micro-transaction data comprises the identification of the delivery party, the payment party, the micro-transaction and the transaction to which the micro-transaction belongs; the submitter is either the payer or the payer.

Description

Transaction method, settlement method, device and storage medium thereof

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of blockchain, and more particularly, to a transaction method, a settlement method, and an apparatus and storage medium thereof.

Background

Blockchain technology provides an effective method for trading of both parties on a zero trust basis, but flexible trading patterns in real society face the problem of more complex and tricky blockchain-based delivery methods. While blockchains provide non-repudiation certification methods for zero-trust parties to transactions in the virtual world, in the real world, certification on the blockchain does not necessarily ensure a true delivery. Common problems are: under the condition of prior delivery and post payment, the payor does not confirm after receiving the goods; or in the case of a payment-before-delivery, the delivery party should lie in that the goods have been delivered. Specific examples are: a transaction record of 100 jin apples is recorded on the blockchain, and possibly several stones are received in the real world. In the blockchain world, only virtual payments or virtual commodity delivery are mandatory, while real payments and delivery of real commodities or services are not mandatory. Obviously, the commonly employed approach of recording delivery receipts on a blockchain is difficult to effectively constrain realistic delivery or payment.

For example, one person (payer) purchases a service at a monthly price or purchases a quota discounted purchase card: this person typically needs to acquire a service or commodity multiple times (the acquisition process) to complete the composite transaction. A party (delivery party) selling a service or commodity may also need to provide the service or commodity through a number of different individuals or entities (delivery process) to complete the compound delivery. As described above, in the case of zero trust, it is difficult to guarantee that one payment is made in the real world, and it is not realistic to make one payment a plurality of times. Although such a composite transaction contract can be split into a combination of transactions, each transaction generates a transaction cost (transfer cost), and when the number of split transactions is large, problems occur in economic feasibility. How to economically support multiple deliveries/payments in a composite transaction using blockchain technology is a problem that needs to be overcome for further popularization and application of blockchain technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a transaction method, a settlement method, a device and a storage medium thereof, which ensure the safety of delivering a transaction target and settling fees by splitting the transaction into micro-transactions; the asynchronous settlement request submission is combined with micro transaction integration to reduce the number of the blockchain transactions on unnecessary settlement chains generated by the asynchronous settlement request submission, so that the reliability and the efficiency of delivery and payment are integrally improved, and the settlement cost after the split into micro transactions is reduced.

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a transaction method, which comprises the following steps:

Sequentially carrying out multiple microtransactions included in the transaction; in each micro-transaction, the payer generates a micro-transaction payment voucher for being a payment commitment and sends the micro-transaction payment voucher to the payer; wherein the microtransaction payment credential is a payer-signed microtransaction, the microtransaction being the sum of all microtransactions in the transaction that have been or are expected to be completed as confirmed by at least the payer;

When a preset settlement condition is met, submitting a settlement request for a plurality of micro-transactions which are completed but not submitted by a submitting party, wherein the settlement request at least carries micro-transaction information;

Wherein the microtransaction information includes the microtransaction payment credentials and microtransaction data; the micro-transaction data comprises the identification of the delivery party, the payment party, the micro-transaction and the transaction to which the micro-transaction belongs; the submitter is either the payer or the payer.

Optionally, the microtransaction points are:

f(k，i)＝∫₀ ^kp(i)dt

Wherein: k is the serial number of the micro-transaction in the ith transaction, k is greater than 0, p is the consensus price of the ith transaction, dt is the delivery amount of one micro-transaction, p (i) dt is the amount of one micro-transaction in the ith transaction, f (k, i) is the amount of the ith micro-transaction from the beginning to the kth micro-transaction, and is the integral of the amount of the ith micro-transaction to represent the accumulated amount of the ith transaction.

Optionally, the generating, by the payer, a micro-transaction payment credential for use as a payment commitment, sending to the payer includes:

the payer generating a micro-transaction payment instrument for use as a payment commitment upon confirmation of receipt of goods/services delivered by the delivery party or in anticipation of receipt of goods/services delivered by the delivery party;

after the payer generates the micro-transaction payment voucher, if the settlement condition is not met, the micro-transaction payment voucher is directly sent to the delivery party; and if the settlement condition is met, signing information at least comprising the micro-transaction payment certificate and the blockchain credit information of the payer together to generate a micro-transaction payment receipt and sending the micro-transaction payment receipt to the delivery party.

Optionally, the settlement request further includes blockchain certification information of each of the payer and the payer.

Optionally, before the submitting party submits the settlement request for the plurality of micro-transactions that are completed but not submitted, the submitting party further includes:

the non-submitting party signs the micro-transaction payment certificate together with the own blockchain certificate storage information and then sends the micro-transaction payment certificate to the submitting party;

The micro-transaction information and blockchain credit information of the delivery party and the payment party included in the settlement request include: the microtransaction data;

The payer signs the micro-transaction payment credential together with blockchain credit information of the payer;

The delivery party signs the micro-transaction payment credentials together with blockchain certification information of the delivery party.

Optionally, the sending, by the non-submitting party, the micro-transaction payment certificate together with the own blockchain certification information to the submitting party includes:

The payer is used as a non-submitting party and sends the micro-transaction payment receipt to the delivery party;

Or the delivery party is used as a non-submitting party, and after receiving the micro-transaction payment receipt sent by the payment party, the micro-transaction payment receipt and the own blockchain certification information are signed together and then sent to the payment party.

Optionally, the blockchain certification information includes: the certification information of the newly-added block of the micro transaction chain and the certification information of the newly-added block of the macro transaction chain;

The micro transaction chain newly-added block is used for recording micro transaction information of the micro transaction, and the macro transaction chain newly-added block is used for recording macro transaction information when the settlement condition is met;

the macro transaction information at least comprises the micro transaction information and micro transaction chain newly added block information.

Optionally, the micro transaction information and/or the macro transaction information further includes: additional information, and/or characteristic information of the additional information.

Optionally, the transaction method further includes:

After receiving and confirming the micro-transaction bill of the delivery party, or after sending an expected micro-transaction payment certificate to the delivery party and confirming receipt of goods/services delivered by the delivery party, the payment party adds a block in a micro-transaction block chain of the delivery party, and records the micro-transaction information;

And the delivering party sends a micro-transaction bill to the paying party after delivering, receives a micro-transaction payment certificate returned by the paying party, or receives an expected micro-transaction payment certificate sent by the paying party and delivers the micro-transaction payment certificate, adds a block in a micro-transaction block chain of the delivering party, and records the micro-transaction information.

Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a settlement method applied to a settlement chain or smart contract, including,

Receiving the settlement request submitted in the transaction method;

and carrying out fund settlement on the corresponding micro-transaction information according to the settlement request.

Optionally, the settlement request includes the micro-transaction data and a result that the payer signs the micro-transaction payment credential together with blockchain credit information of the payer; the delivery party signs the micro-transaction payment credential together with blockchain certification information of the delivery party; before submitting the settlement request, the non-submitting party signs the micro-transaction payment certificate together with the own blockchain certificate storage information and then sends the micro-transaction payment certificate to the submitting party;

the fund settlement of the corresponding micro-transaction information according to the settlement request comprises the following steps:

When the submitter is the delivery party, verifying the micro-transaction payment credential signed by the payer plus blockchain credit information of the payer, comprising: verifying whether the signature is complete, verifying whether the signature is truly the signature of the payer, and verifying whether the blockchain certificate information of the payer is matched with the account number of the payer;

When the submitter is a payer, verifying the micro-transaction payment credential signed by the payer plus blockchain certification information of the payer, and the micro-transaction payment credential signed by the payer plus blockchain certification information of the payer, comprising: verifying whether the signature is complete, verifying whether the signature is indeed the signature of the delivery party/payment party, verifying whether blockchain certification information of the delivery party/payment party matches the account number of the delivery party/payment party;

and after verification is successful, transferring funds according to the micro-transaction payment certificate.

The disclosed embodiments also provide an electronic device comprising a memory having a computer program stored therein and a processor configured to run the computer program to perform any of the transaction or settlement methods described above.

The disclosed embodiments also provide a computer storage medium having a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program is configured to perform any one of the transaction or settlement methods at run-time.

In this embodiment, the transaction is divided into a plurality of microtransactions and the plurality of microtransactions are settled once, and the amount of money is accumulated by the microtransaction points in each microtransaction, so that the efficiency, the safety and the reliability of the transaction can be improved, and the interaction cost after the transaction is divided into microtransactions can be reduced.

Other aspects will become apparent upon reading and understanding the accompanying drawings and detailed description.

Drawings

FIG. 1a is a flow chart of a delivery party in a transaction method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 1b is a flow chart of a payer in a transaction method according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 1c is a flow chart of a delivery party in a transaction method according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 1d is a flow chart of a payer in a transaction method according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a flowchart of a settlement method according to the first embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a transaction method according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 4a and 4b are schematic diagrams of a microtransaction blockchain provided in accordance with a third embodiment;

Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a settlement method according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a transaction method according to a seventh embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a flowchart of a settlement method provided in a ninth embodiment of the disclosure;

Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a transaction method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined with each other.

The terms "transaction", "micro-transaction", "macro-transaction" are used hereinafter to denote respectively:

A transaction, or base transaction, refers to a closed-loop exchange between two parties to the transaction that includes at least payment (clearing/settlement/promise of payment also referred to herein as payment) and goods/services delivery.

Micro-transactions refer to a single transaction, which is included in a transaction and is obtained by manually dividing a (basic) transaction of a real society, and at least one closed-loop exchange including delivery and delivery confirmation/commitment is performed between two micro-transaction parties (i.e. transaction parties). One delivery corresponding to one micro-transaction is also referred to as a micro-delivery.

Macro-transactions or compound transactions refer to a collection of all micro-transactions for submitting settlements from the same provider (delivery party), different payors under the same macro-transaction contract; or the same payer, different providers (deliverers) are used to submit a collection of all microtransactions for settlement. For example, in the following contracts, a's macro-transaction is a collection of micro-transactions related to a that are submitted for settlement every 10 times. Similarly, the macro-transaction of the first is a collection of micro-transactions that are submitted for settlement every 10 times, such as A, B, C related to the first.

The macro transaction contract refers to transaction agreements of the same commodity or service to the payers participating in the macro transaction and the payers corresponding to the same according to the same contract processing method. For example, a contract is made between a service and a customer to conduct a microtransaction every minute, and a settlement is submitted every 10 microtransactions. The service provider may have a plurality of A, B, C or the like, and the client may have a plurality of a, b, c, d, etc. Just as there may be one-to-many situations from the perspective of a single server or a single client participating in a transaction, this is referred to as a "macro" transaction contract.

Because not all microtransactions need to be submitted, but rather submitted in stages according to rules negotiated by the contract, the microtransactions that are submitted as a whole are orders of magnitude less than all microtransactions that are generated.

The payer refers to a party providing goods/services in a transaction, and the payer refers to a party purchasing goods/services for payment.

Hereinafter, when a transaction is split into at least one microtransaction, 4-tuple (x, y, z, s) may be used to represent one microtransaction data in the (basic) transaction process. Wherein X (X e X, payer id); y (Y e Y, delivery party id); z (Z e Z, transaction id); s (s.epsilon.S, micro-transaction id).

In the embodiment of the invention, the micro-transaction information is recorded on an independent blockchain, and besides carrying micro-transaction data and micro-transaction payment certificates, other supplementary information (such as additional information actively related to the micro-transaction by a user or characteristic information of the additional information) can be carried in the blockchain for recording and storing certificates, and the blockchain is called as a micro-transaction blockchain and also called as a micro-transaction chain; macro transaction information formed by associating micro transaction information is recorded on an independent block chain, and the macro transaction information can also carry supplementary information; this blockchain is referred to as a "macro transaction blockchain," also referred to as a "macro transaction chain. Each transaction participant has its own independent macro and micro transaction blockchains. The supplementary information and the micro-transaction/macro-transaction do not have natural association, and the event corresponding to the supplementary information can occur in the same time period as the micro-transaction/macro-transaction, or the behavior or feel of the transaction party (the payment party or the delivery party) or the like, and no association factor exists between the supplementary information and the micro-transaction/macro-transaction, but the supplementary information can be associated to the micro-transaction/macro-transaction through the active association of the user and recorded in the corresponding micro-transaction/macro-transaction block. The supplemental information recorded in the macro-and micro-transaction blocks may be completely different, or partially the same, or all the same for the same transaction.

The settlement chains related in the embodiment of the invention are different from the micro transaction blockchains and the macro transaction blockchains defined in the embodiment of the invention.

Hereinafter, smart contracts, unless otherwise indicated, refer to smart contracts on a settlement chain. The smart contract performs terms of the transaction, which may or may not include macro transaction contracts. For convenience of description, reference will be made hereinafter to smart contracts, which refer to micro-delivery/payment contracts that are commonly known to both parties to a transaction, i.e., contracts that automatically perform micro-transactions. The specific content and form of the smart contract is not limiting, and various possible implementations are possible.

The credit for the amount of all microtransactions completed or expected to be completed as confirmed by at least the payer in one transaction is calculated according to the following manner,

Wherein: k is the serial number of the micro-transaction in the ith transaction, k is greater than 0, p is the consensus price of the ith transaction, and dt is the delivery amount of one micro-transaction, namely: p (i) dt is the amount of one micro-transaction in the ith micro-transaction, f (k, i) is the amount of credit (accumulated amount) from the beginning to the kth micro-transaction for the ith micro-transaction, called micro-transaction credit, the micro-transaction credit of the amount of all micro-transactions completed with the agreement of the payer signature is called micro-transaction credit voucher, also called micro-transaction payment voucher, i.e. payment promise.

Illustrating: for example, one transaction is divided into 50 micro-transactions, each micro-transaction is that the price of the money corresponds to 10M flow, and settlement is carried out once every ten micro-transactions; assuming that the microtransaction points are 1 at the first microtransaction and 16 at the 16 th microtransaction; and so on.

Because the microtransaction points comprise the sum of the preceding microtransaction in the transaction, certain fault tolerance capability can be provided, for example, partial submission in the microtransaction points is omitted, but the accumulated sum is not wrong; as long as the two parties have agreed to sign the promise of payment before settlement, the approval of the accumulated amount during settlement of the two parties can be ensured; the adoption of microtransaction points does not need to be submitted to a settlement chain every time, and the workload of the part is saved, so that the overall efficiency is improved, and the reliability and the correctness of microtransactions can be improved.

In addition, even in the case of exception handling, only the last payment credential related information need be submitted, and the uncommitted microtransaction payment commitment related information need not be submitted one by one. For example, after the limited rounds, the non-submitting party leaves abnormally without subsequent interaction; or other abnormal condition, results in no correct submission being seen on the settlement chain, where one party may submit to the settlement process (i.e., the abnormal processing content corresponding to the settlement process) in a pre-agreed format using the resulting accumulated point certificate.

The macro transaction points are accumulated points of all micro transactions contained in the own macro transaction, and are calculated according to the following manner:

Wherein m is the mth transaction included in the macro transaction, and m is greater than 0; kmax (i) is the serial number of the last microtransaction in the ith transaction, and f (kmax (i), i) is the microtransaction point for settling the ith transaction; s (m) is the sum of all micro-transactions to be settled, which are included from the beginning of the macro-transaction to the mth transaction, and is the macro-transaction point; the completed agreed-upon macro transaction with payer signature is referred to as a macro transaction voucher, also referred to as a macro transaction payment voucher.

Each microtransaction message (including microtransaction data, microtransaction payment vouchers or microtransaction payment receipts, and even additional information related to the microtransaction) may be recorded in the form of a blockchain, the chain in which the microtransaction is recorded being referred to as a microtransaction blockchain. Although the specific form of the blockchain varies widely, it does not affect the essence of the disclosed embodiments. For example: the block content information is hashed in the block header; the information of the block header is subjected to miner hash signature to obtain block header hash; where the chunk header contains a hash directed to the chunk ahead. The two parties participating in the micro-transaction can record the micro-transaction chains of the two parties, and the micro-transaction chains are naturally different due to the difference of the additional information, wherein the micro-transaction data, the micro-transaction payment certificate or the micro-transaction payment receipt in the micro-transaction information of the same micro-transaction are the same; the additional information may be different.

Also, each participant may record its own macro transaction chain.

After negotiating through rules agreed upon by the transaction contract, or through any other form of out-of-band negotiation, at least one of the parties conducting the microtransaction is responsible for submitting a settlement request to link the settlement information. Of course, the settlement request may be submitted by both parties. Since the transaction parties are not generally a subject, the manner in which they submit by one party is relatively compact, and will be described in the following by way of example in which one party submits a settlement request. Settlement information carried in the submitted settlement request includes, but is not limited to, the following information: micro-transaction information, payer micro-transaction blockchain new block information, payer macro-transaction blockchain new block information, payer micro-transaction blockchain new block information, and payer macro-transaction blockchain new block information. The new block information may be, but is not limited to, a new block certificate.

Wherein: the 4-tuple micro-transaction data in the micro-transaction information is used for distinguishing different micro-transactions; the microtransaction credit voucher (hereinafter also referred to as a microtransaction payment voucher) carries the latest microtransaction credit result (i.e. f (kmax, i)), 4-tuple information and the payment commitment of the payer (payer signature). The normally expected normal micro-transaction score result can be obtained by arithmetic operation through submitted historical information and macro-transaction submitting rules; the micro-transaction blockchain newly added block information, wherein key information of the micro-transaction blockchain (such as but not limited to newly added micro-transaction blockcertificate) can be carried to ensure that the transaction amount is not tamperable; the macro transaction blockchain newly added block information, wherein key information of the macro transaction blockchain (such as but not limited to newly added macro transaction blockstock) can be carried to ensure that the transaction amount is not tamperable.

The intelligent contracts on the settlement chain can be designed with verification ranges and methods according to requirements to achieve different processing logics, different verification methods can be possibly developed as long as submitted information exists, various design possibilities of the intelligent contracts are not repeated and exhausted, and only part of design targets of the intelligent contracts are emphasized. For example, the above various information may be arithmetically and logically calculated as a checksum.

For example, to determine whether the promise of payment is from the payer, a signature of the total amount of microtransaction points that the payer promises to pay to the service (the delivery party) is carried in a "microtransaction point voucher", where the payer uses a payer blockchain account number on the clearing chain and the service (the delivery party) also uses an account number on the same clearing chain. Thus, the smart contract on the settlement chain can easily determine whether the promised payment information is from the correct payer.

For example, to determine whether the promise of payment can be effectively repayment, the smart contract may determine that, in addition to determining that the promise of payment is signed correctly, the balance of the payer account is compared with the amount of promise of payment by the payer, or the credit corresponding to the payer account is compared with the amount of promise of payment; or comparing and judging the amount of money of the intelligent contract which is prepaid by the payer; the specific determination method is not limited to the above-listed form, and may be set by itself.

The X-signed information a, or the result of signing the information a by X, as referred to herein, includes both the information a itself and the digital signature of the information a by X. For example, the microtransaction points of the deliverer signature, or the result of the payor signing the microtransaction, include the microtransaction points themselves, as well as the digital signature of the payor for the microtransaction.

Example 1

The present embodiment is illustrated with the delivery party as a preset settlement submitting party.

The present embodiment provides a transaction method whose flow is shown in fig. 1a and 1b, in which fig. 1a is a process flow of a delivery party, and fig. 1b is a process flow of a payment party, the transaction method comprising,

Step 101, after a micro-delivery is completed, the delivery sends a micro-transaction bill to the payer.

After the micro transaction bill is sent out, if the paying party return message is not received after overtime, executing preset exception handling; if so (process flow after the payer receives the micro-transaction bill see steps 102-107), the payer proceeds to step 108;

step 102, the payer receives the micro-transaction bill, verifies the actually received goods/services, checks the micro-transaction bill, confirms whether the micro-transaction bill is correct, and if so, executes step 103; if the fault exists, the process is terminated, the preset exception handling is executed, a certain number of faults can be designed and tolerated when some fault-tolerant methods are designed, but the essence of the invention is not changed, the fault-tolerant method and the specific mode of the fault-tolerant method are not limited, and the fault-tolerant method can be selected not to be adopted or any fault-tolerant method can be adopted according to the requirement.

Step 103, the payer generates a payer-signed micro-transaction payment instrument, which the payer records on his own micro-transaction blockchain, including but not limited to: micro-transaction data, micro-transaction payment credentials represented by 4 tuples; optionally, additional information actively associated with the micro-transaction by the user, or characteristic information of the additional information, such as: hash values of the additional information, tree root information when the information is stored according to a merkel tree structure, even some URL, a data address outside a settlement chain, and the like; the additional information can be increased or decreased as required; wherein the additional information associated with the micro-transaction may also be information unrelated to the transaction itself, such as weather, mood, personal event information, and the like.

Step 104, the payer judges whether the settlement submitting condition is met; if not, step 105 is performed, and if yes, step 106 is performed;

Step 105, sending the micro-transaction payment certificate signed by the payer to the delivery party; the payer returns to step 102, i.e. waits for the next micro-transaction cycle to be entered or waits for the micro-transaction bill to be sent by the delivery party in the next micro-transaction; the process may also be ended here if all microtransactions in a transaction have been completed.

Step 106, paying Fang Shengcheng macro transaction blocks; the macro transaction block at least comprises the following contents: the hash value of the micro-transaction information or the micro-transaction data represented by the complete 4-tuple and the hash value of the newly generated micro-transaction block containing the micro-transaction information; optionally, the macro transaction block further includes: the microtransaction payment credentials and/or microtransaction points; optionally, the macro transaction block further includes: supplementary information such as the macro-transaction progress status, the dynamic total number of parties involved in the micro-transaction, even weather conditions, etc.

Step 107, the payer produces a micro-transaction payment receipt and sends the receipt to the payer; the payer returns to step 102, i.e. waits for the next micro-transaction cycle to be entered or waits for the micro-transaction bill to be sent by the delivery party in the next micro-transaction; the process may also be ended here if all microtransactions in a transaction have been completed;

step 108, the delivery party judges whether the micro-transaction payment certificate or the micro-transaction payment receipt is correct, if so, step 109 is executed, if not, the process is terminated, and the preset exception handling is executed.

Step 109, the delivery party records the micro transaction information of this time on the own micro transaction blockchain;

Step 110, the delivery party judges whether the settlement submitting condition is met, if yes, step 111 is executed, and if not, step 101 is returned to, namely, the next micro-transaction cycle is waited to be entered or the subsequent micro-transaction is waited for; the process may also be ended here if all microtransactions in a transaction have been completed.

Step 111, delivering Fang Shengcheng macro transaction blocks;

Step 112, the delivery party submits a settlement request; returning to step 101, namely waiting for entering the next micro-transaction cycle or waiting for the subsequent micro-transaction; the process may also be ended here if all microtransactions in a transaction have been completed.

Wherein, in step 107, the micro-transaction payer generates a micro-transaction payment receipt signed by the payer (including at least the accumulated amount of points, the micro-transaction newly added block information, and the macro-transaction newly added block information), and returns the micro-transaction payment receipt to the payer. Optionally, the micro-transaction payment receipt includes: signed information { Tx (A- > B: x), ext, TB, MB } and its digital signature-sign { Tx (A- > B: x), ext, TB, MB }, the digital signature representing the signature of the payer on several of the signed information, tx being the current micro-transaction payment credential, A representing the payer account information, B representing the payer account information, x representing the amount, ext being any additional information or characteristic value thereof such as a hash value, TB being the payer micro-transaction blockchain latest block certificate (e.g., but not limited to a blockhash value, but for example, a URL, but for example, directly being blockcontents, etc.), MB being the payer macro-transaction blockchain latest block certificate (e.g., but not limited to a blockhash value, but for example, a URL, but for example, directly being blockcontents, etc.). It can be seen that micro-transaction payment credentials are also included in the micro-transaction payment return license.

The micro-transaction payment receipt can be effectively identified by the settlement intelligent contract to perform consensus computation such as blockchain accounting, and the consensus computation beyond the accounting range can be designed through the intelligent contract. Details of the service/goods may also be included in some embodiments.

In step 109, the delivery party (after checking the transaction information, such as accumulating for payment, no errors) saves the present micro-transaction information into its own micro-transaction blockchain, wherein the micro-transaction information includes, but is not limited to, the following information: the micro-transaction data, the micro-transaction payment receipt or micro-transaction payment voucher, and other additional information represented by the 4-tuple of the micro-transaction are saved to the micro-transaction blockchain of the delivery party;

In step 111, the method of generating the macro transaction block by the delivery party is consistent with the method of paying Fang Shengcheng the macro transaction block in step 106. Because there may be a 1-to-many relationship between the payment and delivery party, a macro block may contain multiple microtransaction messages to be submitted.

The settlement request is submitted by the delivery party in step 112. Submitted settlement requests may include, but are not limited to: the micro transaction information, the micro transaction blockchain new block information of the payer, the macro transaction blockchain new block information of the payer, the micro transaction blockchain new block information of the payer and the macro transaction blockchain new block information of the payer. Wherein, the micro transaction information of this time includes: the 4-tuple represents the current micro-transaction data and the current micro-transaction payment certificate. The new block information may be, but is not limited to, a new block certificate.

Either the submitter (the payer in this embodiment) or the payer may obtain transaction information from the settlement chain through blockchain technology that is agreed upon/validated by the intelligent contract/settlement chain.

In this embodiment, a strong consensus implementation manner is that before settlement, the submitter and the non-submitter (in this embodiment, the payer) have agreed, and the non-submitter sends a micro-transaction payment receipt to the submitter, that is, the non-submitter signs and approves the related information of the micro-transaction to be submitted for settlement, that is, the non-submitter confirms whether the round of information is correct. In other embodiments, a weak consensus implementation may be employed, where a non-submitting party may only issue micro-transaction payment credentials, i.e., only make payment commitments; the non-submitter can confirm whether the settlement information of the micro-transaction is correct after the settlement information is uplink, namely, a delayed mode for achieving consensus is adopted to confirm whether the settlement information of the previous round is correct or not in the next round; alternatively, rather than requiring full confirmation of the transaction goods and the promise of payment by both parties during a single transaction cycle/micro-transaction cycle, implicit confirmation may be provided by continued transactions during subsequent transaction cycles.

For example, the weak consensus example: the ith round of A provides a good to B, B pays promise 1 block to A, A continues to provide a good to B in the next round, confirm this promise of paying implicitly. Examples of strong consensus: the above-mentioned a approves the payment commitment after receiving the payment commitment of B, for example, the payment commitment is signed and issued to B.

The above processes only list one process of micro transaction payment certificate, micro transaction blockchain and macro transaction blockchain and the method for storing the certificate on the settlement chain, the invention is not limited to these processes, and the invention is within the scope of protection as long as the scheme of commonly identifying payment on the settlement chain and storing the additional information generated by histories of both parties to keep the correlation of the history certificate authenticity and micro transaction history payment.

It can be seen that after a transaction is split into a plurality of microtransactions, only the parties to the transaction reach a consensus for each microtransaction and cumulative microtransaction, and each holds the agreed microtransaction credit credentials (representing a payment commitment) on its own microtransaction blockchain, and does not perform the actual settlement or payment operations for each microtransaction. When the transaction settlement condition is met, submitting the micro-transaction point certificate in the latest state which is commonly known by both sides to a settlement chain or an intelligent contract so as to realize real settlement or payment; that is, after settlement is submitted, the latest micro-transaction point certificate is subjected to settlement chains or intelligent contracts to realize further multiparty consensus, and how to realize multiparty consensus is not difficult to realize according to the specific adoption of the existing chain technology.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the splitting of a transaction into a plurality of microtransactions is not a simple refinement of the granularity of the transaction, and according to the above scheme, each microtransaction record is not submitted directly to the smart contract or settlement chain, but is submitted to the smart contract or settlement chain to complete the actual settlement or payment when the settlement conditions are met. This does not significantly increase the actual transaction settlement or payment overhead. Settlement or payment costs are greatly reduced compared to mere miniaturization of simple transactions.

In addition, it can be seen that the transaction certificates which are commonly known by both parties are obtained and stored on the micro transaction blockchain of each of the delivery party and the payment party, namely the micro transaction point certificate/micro transaction payment certificate, so that when the transaction is submitted and settled, the accumulated micro transaction bills do not need to be verified or calculated one by one, and only the transaction certificate of the last micro transaction (namely the micro transaction point certificate/micro transaction payment certificate) when the transaction is submitted and settled is required to be settled, and the settlement or payment cost increase possibly caused by the split transaction is reduced to a certain extent.

In some exemplary embodiments, the transaction settlement submission conditions described in steps 104 and 110 include: normal submission and abnormal submission, the normal submission being defined by the intelligent contract as the party submitted and the conditions submitted; the submission at the time of the occurrence of the abnormality may be submitted by any party considering the occurrence of the abnormality, depending on the principle of favoring the submission of the abnormal event, and is not difficult to identify in the practical implementation. Such as but not limited to the following:

normal submission: after all micro-transactions of the transaction are executed;

or submitting a settlement (N is a preset positive integer) after the execution of every N microtransactions is preset;

Or when a certain settlement amount is reached.

Abnormal submission: the payer considers that the payer does not normally send the micro-transaction payment certificate or the micro-transaction payment receipt; or the payer considers that the delivery party is not delivered normally;

or the micro-transaction information is wrong, logic specified by abnormal intelligent contracts, and the like.

In some exemplary embodiments, other transaction settlement submission conditions may be preset by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing description, and are not limited to the illustrative examples described above.

It can be seen that, in this embodiment, after completing a micro transaction, the payer and the payer confirm the related aspects of the micro transaction, confirm the delivery of the service or the commodity and the corresponding payment promise, and finally agree on the micro transaction information; wherein the microtransaction information includes: micro-transaction four-tuple data and micro-transaction payment credentials; the micro-transaction four-tuple data includes: a payer identifier, a delivery party identifier, a micro-transaction identifier, and a transaction identifier (i.e., an identifier of a transaction to which the micro-transaction is attributed); the micro-transaction payment credentials may be a micro-transaction payment commitment for the payer.

In some exemplary embodiments, taking the smart contract to execute the settlement request as an example, the settlement process is as shown in fig. 2:

it should be understood that the blockchain is a general technical means, and for the settlement chain, a submitter sends a transaction to the intelligent contract, so that general verification of the generality of the transaction by the blockchain is not described in detail below.

Step 201, receiving a settlement request;

Step 202, according to the micro-transaction data in the settlement request and the payment (certificate) of the micro-transaction of the payer, after confirming that the signature of the payer is correct, the corresponding fee is transferred from the payer to the payer; or transferred to a delivery party escrow account in the smart contract.

In some exemplary embodiments, step 202 further comprises, prior to: step 2011, verifying the associated information certificate existing in the settlement request: for example: and verifying signature validity of the micro-transaction block certificate, the payment party macro-transaction block certificate, and the delivery party micro-transaction block certificate associated with the micro-transaction payment in the micro-transaction payment certificate. Further, some exemplary embodiments also include verification of the correctness of the signature of the micro-transaction payment receipt contained in the settlement request, and possibly of the re-signature of the micro-transaction payment receipt.

In some exemplary embodiments, step 202 further comprises: an intelligent contract account clearing process is performed on the ending transaction to perform time-based, conditional processing of the contract.

Step 203, judging whether the settlement request contains an identifier of ending transaction; if so, then step 204 is performed; if not, entering the next loop execution step 201;

and 204, ending the transaction, and marking that the transaction process corresponding to the submission is ended in the intelligent contract. Once the transaction processes, e.g., a and a, are completed, the subsequent submissions of this corresponding transaction process only deal with the exception.

It can be seen that the micro-transaction blockchain creation block and the on-chain information both contain transaction data which are common to both parties and are recorded on the settlement chain, so that the data on the micro-transaction blockchain cannot be tampered. And as the settlement information in the settlement request carries the newly added block information of the macro transaction and the micro transaction point certificate, once the newly added block information and the micro transaction point certificate are recorded on the settlement chain, the micro transaction and the point information which are commonly known by both sides cannot be colluded and tampered, and even the macro transaction information cannot be tampered.

Example two

The present embodiment is illustrated with a payer as a preset settlement submitting party.

This embodiment provides a transaction method, as shown in fig. 1c and 1d, in which fig. 1c is a process flow of a payer, and fig. 1d is a process flow of a payer, the transaction method including,

Step 1011, the payment party sends the expected micro-transaction payment credentials to the delivery party; wherein the expected completed micro-transaction payment credentials are consistent with the micro-transaction payment credentials in step 103 of embodiment one;

Step 1012, after checking that the expected micro-transaction payment certificate is correct, the delivery party delivers the goods or services of the micro-transaction; processing after receipt of the good or service by the payer is provided in step 1016, hereinafter.

In step 1013, the delivery party records the microtransaction information on its own microtransaction blockchain, including but not limited to: micro-transaction data represented by 4-tuple, micro-transaction payment credentials, and other additional information associated with the transaction, or characteristic information of the additional information.

Step 1014, the delivery party determines whether the settlement submitting condition is satisfied, if not, returns to step 1012, i.e. waits for entering the next micro-transaction cycle, or waits for the subsequent micro-transaction; the process may also be ended here if all microtransactions in a transaction have been completed; if so, then step 1014-2 is performed;

In step 1014-2, the delivery party waits for the micro-transaction payment receipt to be sent by the payer, which sends the micro-transaction payment receipt in specific details, see later steps 1016 and 1017. And if the waiting time is overtime, executing the preset exception handling.

Step 1015, after receiving the micro-transaction payment receipt, the delivery party generates a new macro-transaction block for recording, signs the micro-transaction payment receipt, the micro-payment party, and the macro-transaction new block certificate together, and sends the signature to the payment party, specifically as follows:

After receiving the micro-transaction payment receipt, the micro-transaction information and the newly generated micro-transaction block information are recorded on the macro-transaction chain of the micro-transaction information and a new block is generated. That is, the current micro-transaction information and the hash value of the new block of the delivery micro-transaction chain are recorded on the macro-transaction chain; or optionally further comprises other transaction-related characteristic values, and a supplemental information field, which may record supplemental information; the payer signs the received micro-transaction payment receipt plus the micro-transaction information, the latest block certificate of the micro-transaction blockchain and the latest block certificate of the macro-transaction chain of the micro-transaction and sends the information to the payer, wherein the information is called as a 'payer certificate information and a signature information block of the payment receipt', which is called a 'delivery party signature information block' for short; that is, the delivery party digitally signs the depository information together with the micro-transaction payment receipt and then sends the original information (i.e., depository information and micro-transaction payment receipt) and the corresponding digital signature (note: these original information and signatures together are called "the delivery party signature information block", not just a string of signature information, just a signature string is not verifiable with the original information), the depository information of the delivery party comprising: the micro transaction information, the latest block certificate of the self micro transaction blockchain and the latest block certificate of the self macro transaction chain. When a payer submits a settlement request, the payer needs to submit a signature information block which is the payment receipt and the certificate information of the micro-transaction by the payer, and the settlement process is verified in a layer-by-layer opening manner, which is described in detail in the settlement process. This is a means to ensure that the presenter cannot change the presenter's presenter information at will.

Step 1016, after receiving the commodity or service corresponding to the current micro transaction and confirming that there is no error, the payer records the micro transaction information on the micro transaction chain to generate a new block and signature micro transaction completion confirmation credential; the payer judges whether the submitting settlement condition is met; if not, the signed micro-transaction completion validation credential (i.e., including the validation credential original text and the digital signature of the validation credential) is sent to the delivery party, and the process returns to step 1011, i.e., waiting for the next micro-transaction cycle to be entered or waiting for a subsequent micro-transaction; the process may also be ended here if all microtransactions in a transaction have been completed; if the submit settlement condition is satisfied, step 1017 is performed;

It is explained here that, before step 1015, if the delivery party fails to receive the micro-transaction completion confirmation certificate of the payment party over time, the preset exception handling is performed. If weak agreement is the case (i.e., no complete confirmation of the transaction goods and the promise of payment is required by both parties in one transaction cycle/micro-transaction cycle, and implicit confirmation can be made by continued transactions in subsequent transaction cycles), the payer may not send the micro-transaction completion confirmation credential to the payer, who may make a judgment by the promise of payment in the next micro-transaction cycle.

Step 1017, the payer records the micro transaction information and the newly generated micro transaction block information on own macro transaction chain and generates a new block; namely, recording the current micro-transaction information and the hash value of a new block of the delivery micro-transaction chain on the macro-transaction chain; or optionally further comprises other transaction-related characteristic values, and a supplemental information field, which may record supplemental information; after generating the payment receipt of the micro-transaction, the payer sends the payment receipt to the payee to wait for the payer to sign again (signature in step 1015), and the process proceeds to step 1018.

An optimization scheme is as follows: the following interlocking method is adopted: the payer does not send the payment receipt but directly sends the payment promise in step 1011, and when the delivery party determines that the submitting condition is satisfied, the new macro transaction block is generated, and the payment promise, the micro transaction new block certificate information and the macro transaction new block certificate information are signed together and then sent to the payer. After receiving the information, the payer generates a new macro transaction block of himself and submits the new macro transaction block. The optimization scheme can accelerate the interaction process, and the final submitter is the payer, so that the payer can add own micro transaction chain information and macro transaction chain information when submitting.

If the 'delivery party signature information block' returned by the delivery party is not received after the timeout, executing preset exception processing; if so, step 1018 is performed.

In step 1018, after receiving the re-signed "delivery side signature information block" (including the payment receipt, the forensic information, and the digital signature) (signature in step 1015) returned by the delivery side, the payment side submits a settlement request.

It can be seen that this embodiment shows that the payor firstly gives a promise of payment, then the payor delivers the goods or services corresponding to the payment amount, and the payor confirms the delivery of the goods or services. That is, the payer and the delivery party confirm the related aspects of the micro transaction in the process of executing the micro transaction, confirm the delivery of the service or commodity and the corresponding payment commitment, and finally agree the information of the micro transaction; wherein the microtransaction information includes: micro-transaction four-tuple data and micro-transaction payment credentials; the micro-transaction four-tuple data includes: payer identification, delivery party identification, micro-transaction identification, home transaction identification; the micro-transaction payment vouchers are micro-transaction payment commitments for the payers.

In accordance with the above embodiments, it can be seen that the solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure supports both delivery-first and confirmation of payment commitments; it also supports submitting payment commitments first and then. The preset settlement submitter can be a delivery party or a payment party.

Example III

For ease of description, the application of pay-before-pay is described herein with respect to one P2P broadband service delivery (pay-before-pay is typically only for user experience considerations, and for ease of presentation purposes only, the invention is not limited in this regard).

P2P broadband service

In a real environment, a shared Wi-Fi broadband service often cannot guarantee a consumer to obtain a desired result after a service provider charges for wireless signal quality and the like; in addition, the existence of malicious nodes and malicious users, the service quality is the object of the user and service provider. The P2P, zero trust case makes fraud more difficult to cope with, whether pre-paid or post-paid. By adopting the method of the embodiment of the invention, the delivery process of the broadband flow is cut into a large number of micro-deliveries, and both parties can ensure that the loss does not exceed the value of one micro-delivery even if the signal quality is poor or the other party is intentionally fraudulent on the basis of consensus of each micro-delivery. When the delivery is cut into microtransactions of very low value, e.g. 1 minute, the return of a successful fraud is only 1 minute, and the traffic transaction is virtually secured as long as the fraud cost is higher than 1 minute.

If the divided (split) micro-transaction is directly transferred (submitted to settlement) each time, the transaction amount is increased, and the delivery cost is increased. And as the number of microtransaction consensus increases, the delivery cost eventually exceeds the cost of refusing delivery, and the micro-differentiation reaches a limit. The embodiment of the invention can lead the differentiation degree of the transaction to be theoretically unlimited on the premise of not obviously increasing the delivery cost. In this embodiment, the actual settlement is completed by submitting a settlement request to a settlement chain.

The embodiment provides a method for guaranteeing transactions by adopting micro-transactions, a settlement chain is processed by adopting an intelligent contract mode, and a practitioner can easily understand that the transaction control target of the flow is achieved by adopting other block chain technologies.

The handset (consumer, payer) sends a service request to Wi-Fi AP (server, delivery party), the request information may include at least one of the following information: the payment information (e.g., the account number of the consumer on the settlement chain) and the signature, the service description, i.e., the macro transaction contract description (e.g., when the macro transaction contract is defined by using the smart contract, the smart contract ID and additional information can be provided, and these information can be verified by the consumer independently finding the smart contract, which will not be described in detail herein), and optionally the terminal information of the mobile phone (e.g., the signing key of the terminal and the certificate of the key), etc.;

The service side performs identity authentication on the consumer, such as checking the payment account number and signature correctness on the settlement chain, the payment capability and reputation record of the account number, and the like. Even if necessary, the terminal (e.g., hardware identification code, SIM card serial number, MAC address, etc. for identification) can be verified by verification of the signing key certificate to obtain the authorization of the user, etc.;

after passing the authentication, the service side can send out own service information (such as a receipt and payment account number, a credit record, a device signature key, a device key certificate and the like), and then the AP is connected with the internet route of the payment side;

The transaction process is shown in fig. 3, and after the service side starts to provide broadband service for the mobile phone, the service side includes:

step 301, the service side measures the usage amount (such as time, flow, classified flow, etc.) of the broadband;

Step 302, after reaching the usage amount specified by a micro-transaction, sending out a micro-transaction bill to inform the opposite party to sign and pay the provided micro-service; waiting for micro-transaction payment credentials of the other party;

step 311, the mobile phone starts to meter the broadband usage amount obtained by itself (the same method as the service side) after receiving the internet traffic;

Step 312, after receiving the micro transaction bill of the service party (or after reaching the specified usage amount in the micro transaction), confirming the bill of the micro transaction, generating a micro transaction payment certificate according to the method of the first embodiment, and generating a new micro transaction block on the micro transaction block chain of the service party to store the micro transaction information of the time; or generating a new macro transaction block on the macro transaction block chain of the self and generating a micro transaction payment receipt of the time; wherein the micro-transaction payment receipt comprises the micro-transaction payment certificate;

Step 313, the mobile phone sends the micro-transaction payment certificate or micro-transaction payment receipt to the service party;

In some exemplary embodiments, if the bill exceeds the calculation result of the bill, the micro-transaction payment certificate can be issued according to the self-metering, and the micro-transaction payment certificate can be refused to be issued.

Step 303, after receiving the micro-transaction payment certificate or the micro-transaction payment receipt and confirming the correctness, the service side generates a new micro-transaction block and a new macro-transaction block according to the embodiment method;

it can be seen that through the above steps, the mobile phone and the service party have agreed with the current micro-transaction and the accumulated micro-transaction, that is, mutually approving the current delivery and the accumulated payment commitment.

Step 320, the service side continuously provides broadband service, and the mobile phone continuously uses the broadband service;

step 314, the mobile phone ends the broadband use, notifies the service side of the end of the transaction, and sends the micro transaction payment certificate of the last micro transaction;

Step 325, the service side stops providing the broadband service, and after determining that the micro transaction payment certificate is correct, the service side generates a new micro transaction block and a macro transaction block of the service side and generates a settlement request;

In step 326, the service side submits the current settlement request to a predetermined settlement chain (issued to the above-determined intelligent contract), and the current settlement can be completed.

In some exemplary embodiments, when the pre-agreed settlement submitting party is a mobile phone, the transaction is ended, and the mobile phone replaces the service party as the executing subject to execute the steps 325-326. In this case, before submitting the settlement request, the mobile phone receives the micro transaction payment receipt signed by the server and the newly added block certificate of the micro and macro transaction chains of the server signed by the server, which can be seen in the second embodiment.

After all micro-transactions are finished, the settlement request is submitted, the micro-transaction blockchain of the mobile phone end is shown in fig. 4a, the transaction with the transaction ID of 1 is split into 1010 micro-transactions, the settlement request is submitted after the last micro-transaction is finished, and the micro-transaction blockchain is shown in fig. 4a, and the transaction settlement request is submitted according to the micro-transaction payment certificate of the last micro-transaction 1010. Correspondingly, the service side also establishes a micro-transaction blockchain of the service side, and sequentially stores micro-transaction payment certificates corresponding to all the micro-transactions, namely the completed credit certificates of the agreed micro-transactions.

Alternative ways of submission are: the settlement request is submitted every 1000 micro-transactions, the transaction settlement chain of the mobile phone end is shown in fig. 4b, the transaction with the transaction ID of 2 is split into 9500 micro-transactions, each 1000 micro-transactions is submitted once after being finished, the micro-transaction blockchain is shown in fig. 4b, and the transaction settlement request is submitted according to the micro-transaction payment credentials of the corresponding micro-transactions 1000, 2000, 3000, … … after the micro-transactions 1000, 2000, 3000, … … are finished. Correspondingly, the service side also establishes a micro-transaction blockchain of the service side, and sequentially stores micro-transaction payment certificates corresponding to all the micro-transactions, namely the completed credit certificates of the agreed micro-transactions.

Example IV

The present embodiment provides a settlement method, the flow of which is shown in fig. 5, including:

preconditions are: each of the payer and the delivery party submits a certain amount of deposit on the transaction chain to the intelligent contract;

Step 1201, a payer submits a settlement request to an intelligent contract corresponding to a transaction agreed in advance;

step 1202, the intelligent contract receives a settlement request and judges whether the settlement request contains an identifier of ending transaction; if so, then step 1203 is performed; if not, then step 1210 is performed;

Step 1203, drawing accounts according to the micro-transaction payment credentials contained in the settlement request, completing the settlement of the micro-transaction process, returning the prestored deposit to the payer, terminating (ending) the submitted transaction, and waiting for receiving the next settlement request of other transactions;

Step 1210, determining the difference value between the micro-transaction payment certificate and the last settlement according to the micro-transaction payment certificate in the settlement request; determining a time difference value between the micro-transaction payment voucher signing time and the last micro-transaction payment voucher signing time according to the micro-transaction payment voucher signing time in the settlement request;

And judging whether the sum difference is larger than a preset settlement granularity P1 or the time difference is larger than a preset settlement time interval threshold T1. When both are not greater (i.e., the difference in amount is not greater than the settlement granularity P1 and the difference in time is not greater than T1), step 1211 is performed; when either one of the two is greater (i.e., the difference in amount is greater than the settlement granularity P1 or the difference in time is greater than T1), step 1212 is performed;

in this example, the granularity P1 is the maximum difference between the amount in the settlement request submitted this time and the amount of the settlement request submitted last time, taking redundancy into consideration; for example, the amount of money in the settlement request submitted at this time is 8 yuan, and the amount of money in the settlement request submitted at last time is 5 yuan; if P1 is 2 yuan, the sum difference is larger than P1; if P1 is 3-ary, the difference in amount is not greater than P1.

T1 is the maximum uncommitted settlement time allowed in consideration of redundancy;

Step 1211, performing settlement according to the settlement request, including posting according to the micro-transaction payment credentials contained in the settlement request; not terminating (not ending) the submitted transaction, waiting for receipt of a next settlement request;

Step 1212, calculating the difference between the initiation time of the settlement request and the signature time of the micro-transaction payment certificate of the settlement request, and determining whether the difference is greater than a preset second time interval threshold T2, wherein T2 is the maximum tolerance time for the payer to not send a payment promise; if yes, the following step 1220 is executed; if not, go to step 1211; optionally, a penalty may be applied before step 1211, such as, but not limited to, deducting a predetermined first amount of penalty from the deposit to the smart contract agreement account, refunding the remaining deposit to the payer;

Step 1220, executing settlement according to the settlement request, including posting according to the micro-transaction payment credentials contained in the settlement request, to complete the settlement; optionally, some possible penalties may be made in this step, such as, but not limited to, deducting a predetermined second amount of penalty from the deposit to the smart contract agreement account, refunding the remaining deposit to the payer; terminating the submitted transaction and waiting to receive the next settlement request for other transactions.

The application does not limit punishment or not and the punishment concrete mode, can design by oneself in practical application, besides deducting deposit, punishment can be carried out in modes of reducing credit degree or reducing credit limit, etc.

In some exemplary embodiments, prior to step 1202, the method further comprises:

Step 1200, agreeing that the payer is a settlement submitting party, the payer pays a deposit of a predetermined amount to the smart contract before the transaction begins;

Step 1201, the delivery party confirms the deposit payment and then provides the service/commodity.

In some exemplary embodiments, if the party is agreed to be a settlement submitter in step 1200, the party payor in the above method is changed to the party payor, i.e., the party pays the relevant deposit. The person skilled in the art is able to know the corresponding implementation steps.

In other embodiments, it is possible to pay no deposit but to pay an account in real time each time, or pay no deposit to pay a credit as a guarantee to be pre-paid, and the application is not limited to specific implementations.

In some exemplary embodiments, the settlement method may be used to penalize malicious evasion settlement operations.

In some exemplary embodiments, the settlement request is from a payer or a delivery party.

Example five

The invention also provides a transaction settlement method, which comprises the following steps:

Step 1101. The payment direction macro transaction intelligent contract purchases macro transaction services;

step 1102, macro transaction intelligent closing and closing a settlement side chain to transfer a service Token for a payer, and setting the service Token validity period; the service Token is a Token type on a settlement side chain, and corresponds to a "Token". The service Token is used to pay for goods/services of the delivery party.

Step 1103. The payer pays the base transaction within the macro transaction using the service token.

In some exemplary embodiments, all of the primary transaction payees of the payer are not the payers, but are trusted third parties to the payee;

The payer initiates secondary settlement, and a third party verifies the validity of the secondary settlement request and returns the secondary settlement rewards to the payer;

the delivery party extracts the basic transaction fee from the third party according to rules pre-agreed with the third party.

Example six

Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a transaction method, comprising,

Splitting the transaction into at least two microtransactions, each microtransaction being executed in turn;

for each microtransaction, the following steps are performed separately;

in the execution process of the micro transaction or after the micro transaction is completed, the payer and the delivery party interact the micro transaction information so as to achieve consensus on the micro transaction information;

after or during the consensus of the micro transaction information, each of the payer and the delivery party generates a new block on the micro transaction block chain of the payer and saves the micro transaction information;

When a preset settlement submitting condition is met, submitting a settlement request by a preset submitting party to settle the completed micro-transaction, wherein the preset submitting party is the delivery party or the payment party;

Wherein the microtransaction information includes: the micro-transaction four-tuple data also comprises micro-transaction payment vouchers or micro-transaction payment receipts; the micro-transaction four-tuple data includes: payer identification, delivery party identification, micro-transaction identification, home transaction identification; the micro-transaction payment voucher is a micro-transaction payment commitment of the payer; the micro-transaction payment certificate and the micro-transaction payment return license both contain four-tuple data.

In some exemplary embodiments, the interaction of the present micro-transaction information between the payer and the delivery party during the execution of the micro-transaction or after the completion of the micro-transaction to achieve consensus on the present micro-transaction information includes:

After the delivery party finishes the delivery of the goods or services corresponding to the micro-transaction, the delivery party sends a micro-transaction bill to the payment party;

after the payer confirms that the micro-transaction bill is correct, generating the micro-transaction payment certificate, and returning the micro-transaction payment certificate or the micro-transaction payment receipt to the delivery party;

after the delivery party verifies that the micro-transaction payment certificate or receipt is correct, the micro-transaction information reaches consensus;

or the payer sends the expected micro-transaction payment certificate of the micro-transaction;

After the delivery party confirms that the expected micro-transaction payment certificate is correct, delivering the service or commodity corresponding to the micro-transaction;

After confirming the service or commodity delivery, the payer agrees with the micro transaction information.

In some exemplary embodiments, the microtransaction payment credential includes:

A cumulative amount of all completed or expected completed microtransactions with payer signatures.

In some exemplary embodiments, the preset settlement submitting condition includes:

When all micro-transactions included in the transaction are executed, or when a preset number of micro-transactions are completed, or when a preset proportion of the micro-transactions in the transaction are completed, or when a preset settlement amount threshold is reached, or when the transaction is abnormal.

The settlement submitting conditions can be designed according to the requirements and actual conditions by oneself, and the application is not limited to the requirements and the actual conditions.

In some exemplary embodiments, after consensus is reached for the current microtransaction information, the payer and the delivery party each also maintain supplemental information added by the payer or the delivery party in generating the new block on their own microtransaction blockchain.

Wherein the supplemental information may include transaction related information such as transaction location, transaction valuation, goods/services experience, etc.; information unrelated to the transaction but actively linked to the micro-transaction by the user, such as weather, mood, nearby event information, etc., may also be included. Not limited to a specific information content. These additional information that is endorsed by the settlement chain and that is attached during the microtransaction cannot be altered once written to the microtransaction blockchain. These information, which reflects seemingly irrelevant disorder in the transaction history, will provide information that cannot be falsified afterwards in related big data applications. For example, the weather condition of a place at a certain moment can be analyzed through the information, the historical credibility of the transaction subjects of each micro transaction, the related records and credibility of other transaction subjects around can be analyzed, and the situation at the moment can be confirmed with high probability.

In some exemplary embodiments, when the preset settlement submitting condition is met, before the preset settlement submitting party submits a settlement request to settle the completed micro-transaction, the method further comprises the steps that the paying party and the delivering party respectively generate own macro transaction blocks to join respective macro transaction block chains;

the macro transaction block comprises the following information: the micro-transaction information of the present micro-transaction and the certificate information of the latest micro-transaction block, such as hash value; or the macro transaction block comprises the following information: the hash value of the microtransaction information of the present microtransaction and the forensic information of the respective latest microtransaction block, such as the hash value.

In some exemplary embodiments, the macro transaction block further includes supplemental information added by the payer or the delivery party. It can be seen that this additional information, written by the settlement chain, that is attached during the microtransaction cannot be altered once written to the macro transaction blockchain. These information, which reflects seemingly irrelevant disorder in the transaction history, will provide information that cannot be falsified afterwards in related big data applications. For example, the weather condition of a place at a certain moment can be analyzed through the information, the historical credibility of the transaction subjects of the macro transaction chain of each micro transaction, the related records and credibility of other surrounding transaction subjects can be analyzed, and the situation at the moment can be confirmed with high probability. The macro-transaction block also contains other transaction entities that are strongly related to the micro-transaction, and therefore, this information provides important relevance information in big data based information systems.

In some exemplary embodiments, the preset settlement submitting party submitting a settlement request to settle the completed micro-transaction includes:

submitting the settlement request to a preset intelligent contract by the preset settlement submitting direction so as to settle the completed micro-transaction;

Wherein, the settlement request comprises the following data:

the micro transaction information, micro transaction blockchain new block information of the paying party, macro transaction blockchain new block information of the paying party, micro transaction blockchain new block information of the delivering party and macro transaction blockchain new block information of the delivering party.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the process of the two parties to the transaction to agree with the micro transaction refers to the related record of the first or second embodiment, and is not described in detail herein.

Example seven

The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a transaction method applied to a payer, as shown in fig. 6, including:

sequentially executing each micro-transaction;

For each microtransaction, the following steps are performed:

Step 601, in the execution process of the micro-transaction or after the completion of the micro-transaction, performing interaction of the micro-transaction information with the other party (delivery party) of the transaction to agree on the micro-transaction information;

step 602, after the current micro-transaction information is agreed (or during the agreed period), generating a new block on the own (payer) micro-transaction block chain to store the current micro-transaction information;

Step 603, when the preset settlement submitting condition is met, judging whether the settlement submitting party is a preset settlement submitting party or not, if so, executing step 604, submitting a settlement request to settle the completed micro-transaction, and then waiting for the next micro-transaction cycle; if not, then it is directly waited for the next micro-transaction cycle.

Wherein each micro-transaction belongs to the same transaction; splitting the transaction to obtain at least two microtransactions;

The microtransaction information includes: micro-transaction tetra-tuple data and micro-transaction payment vouchers (or micro-transaction payment receipts); the micro-transaction four-tuple data includes: payer identification, delivery party identification, micro-transaction identification, home transaction identification; the micro-transaction payment vouchers are micro-transaction payment commitments for payers.

In some exemplary embodiments, when the preset settlement submitting condition is satisfied, the method further comprises,

Generating a macro transaction block chain in which macro transaction blocks join themselves (payors);

The macro transaction block comprises the following information: the micro-transaction information (or hash value thereof) of the present micro-transaction and the block certification information of the own micro-transaction blockchain, such as the block hash value or various URLs recording the block and even the block information itself.

In some exemplary embodiments, the macro transaction block further includes: supplementary information.

Wherein the supplemental information may include transaction related information such as transaction location, transaction valuation, goods/services experience, etc.; information unrelated to the transaction but actively associated to the macro transaction by the user, such as weather, mood, nearby event information, etc., may also be included.

Example eight

The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a transaction method applied to a delivery party, comprising:

sequentially executing each micro-transaction;

For each microtransaction, the following steps are performed:

Step 601, in the execution process of the micro-transaction or after the completion of the micro-transaction, performing interaction of the micro-transaction information with the other party (payer) of the transaction to agree on the micro-transaction information;

step 602, after the current micro-transaction information is agreed (or during the agreed period), generating a new block on the own (delivery party) micro-transaction block chain to store the current micro-transaction information;

The macro transaction block comprises the following information: the micro transaction information of the micro transaction and the block hash value of the self micro transaction block chain; or the macro transaction block comprises the following information: the hash value of the micro transaction information of the micro transaction and the block hash value of the self micro transaction block chain.

Example nine

The embodiment provides a strong consensus settlement method, namely, information to be submitted by a non-submitting party is determined before the current round of submission, and the information is not successfully submitted after being changed.

In other embodiments, weak consensus settlement methods may be employed, without requiring the submitting party and the non-submitting party to cross sign, i.e.: the certificate storage information in the settlement request submitted by the submitting party does not need to be signed by the non-submitting party, so that the wrong certificate storage information is not necessarily rejected for the round of submission and can be discovered by the non-submitting party after being recorded in a settlement chain; the settlement method is also possible.

The settlement method provided in this embodiment is shown in fig. 7, and includes:

step 701, receiving a settlement request;

And step 702, performing fund settlement according to the micro-transaction information included in the settlement request.

In some exemplary embodiments, step 702 includes: according to the micro-transaction four-element data and the micro-transaction payment (receipt) in the micro-transaction information, after verifying that the signature in the micro-transaction payment (receipt) of the payer is correct, transferring the corresponding fee from the payer to the payer; or transferred to a delivery party escrow account in the smart contract.

In some exemplary embodiments, the settlement request further includes: an "end transaction" identifier; accordingly, after step 702, the settlement method further includes,

Step 703, determining whether the settlement request contains an "end transaction" identifier, if so, executing step 704, and if not, continuing to wait for the next settlement request.

Step 704, transaction state processing.

In some exemplary embodiments, step 704 includes marking the end of the transaction process in a smart contract or settlement chain. Once the transaction processes, e.g., a and a, are completed, the subsequent submissions of this corresponding transaction process only deal with the exception.

In some exemplary embodiments, after step 703, other clearing processes are included before step 704. Other clearing processes may include making a deposit, a benefit, a fine or reward, etc. of interest. The specific processing steps or flows may be determined according to business requirements or rules and are not limited in particular aspects.

In some exemplary embodiments, the settlement request further includes: the method comprises the steps of storing the certificate information of a non-settlement submitting party and digitally signing the certificate information by the non-settlement submitting party.

Wherein, the certification information includes: the micro-transaction payment credential, a latest blockchain credit (e.g., without limitation, a blockhash value) of a micro-transaction blockchain of the non-settlement submitter, and a macrotransaction blockchain latest blockchain credit (e.g., without limitation, a blockhash value) of the non-settlement submitter;

Accordingly, before step 702, the settlement method further includes:

step 7011, verifying the certificate storing information in the settlement request; if the verification is passed, continuing to execute step 702; and if the verification is not passed, performing exception handling.

In some exemplary embodiments, step 7011 comprises:

And verifying the certification information signed by the non-settlement submitting party in the settlement request according to the micro-transaction payment certificate, the micro-transaction blockchain new block information of the non-settlement submitting party and the macro-transaction blockchain new block information of the non-settlement submitting party, which are included in the settlement request.

In some exemplary embodiments, the acquisition process of each piece of information involved in verification is as follows: and if the preset settlement submitting party is a delivery party, the non-settlement submitting party is a paying party. Referring to embodiment one, step 107 the payer generates a micro-transaction payment response piece signed by the payer and returns the micro-transaction payment response piece to the payer.

Wherein the micro-transaction payment receipt comprises: the signed information { Tx (A- > B: x), ext, TB, MB } and the digital signature-sign { Tx (A- > B: x), ext, TB, MB } represent the signature of the payer on these several information, tx is the current micro-transaction payment voucher, A represents the payer account information, B represents the payer account information, x represents the amount, ext is any additional information or its characteristic value such as a hash value, TB is the micro-transaction blockchain latest blockchain voucher (e.g. a blockhash value), MB is the macro-transaction blockchain latest blockchain voucher. Namely, the payer signs the certification information which needs to be verified by a settlement chain or an intelligent contract and returns the certification information to the payer through a micro-transaction payment receipt.

Wherein, the certification information includes: micro-transaction payment vouchers, payer micro-transaction blockchain latest blockcertificates, and payer macro-transaction blockchain latest blockcertificates.

In step 107 of the first embodiment, the payer sends the forensic information and the digital signature of the forensic information to the payer via the micro-transaction payment receipt.

The settlement request submitted by the delivery party comprises the following components: micro-transaction payment receipt and micro-transaction blockchain new blockstock information (e.g., a blockhash value) of the present and macro-transaction blockchain new blockstock information (e.g., a blockhash value) of the delivery party. The micro transaction information (a) comprises micro transaction blockchain new block information (b) of a payment party, which is contained in a payment return license, macro transaction blockchain new block information (c) of the payment party, which is contained in the payment return license, signature(s) of (a, b, c, payment certificate) information by the payment party, micro transaction blockchain new block information (d) of the delivery party and macro transaction blockchain new block information (e) of the delivery party.

The settlement request submitted by the delivery party also includes a digital signature (g) of all the information mentioned above, i.e. the submitting party submits the settlement request in the form of a blockchain transaction, so that it signs the information contained in the transaction. Typically this portion of the signing work is done by the settlement chain.

Accordingly, in step 7011, it is checked whether the information a, b, and c is correct according to the payment party signature information and the information a, b, and c in the payment return license, and it is determined whether the information a corresponds to the micro transaction submitted at this time.

It can be seen that a, b and c are preset non-settlement submitting party signature protected information and finally settlement information submitted by the submitting party can be verified through s; and g is the information signed by the settlement submitting party when submitting the settlement request, the blockchain transaction generally needs the submitting party to sign the transaction information, so the g can be replaced by the submitted blockchain transaction signature in the optimization scheme. Executing step 7011 may ensure that the relevant settlement information submitted by the settlement submitting party to the settlement chain or smart contract is consistent with the forensic information submitted by the non-settlement submitting party, which will be verifiable and forensic by the settlement chain or smart contract. It can be seen that performing the verification step of step 7011 can ensure that the settlement information to be authenticated is not altered by the settlement submitting method.

In some exemplary embodiments, the pre-set settlement submitters are payors, and the non-settlement submitters are payors. Referring to the second embodiment, in step 1015, the delivery party generates the depository information together with the micro-transaction payment receipt received from the payment party and then returns the depository information to the payment party.

Wherein the certification information (h) of the delivery party includes: the micro-transaction information, the latest block certificate of the delivery micro-transaction blockchain and the latest block certificate of the delivery macro-transaction chain.

In step 1015 of the second embodiment, the delivery party signs the deposit information (h) together with the micro-transaction payment receipt, and sends the obtained digital signature (i) to the payment party together with the information itself, which is verified by the third party (party performing settlement) in step 7011 of the settlement method, before the settlement of funds can be performed. Thus, the information which the non-settlement submitting party wants to deposit can be submitted to a settlement chain or a third party for deposit through a settlement request.

The settlement request submitted by the payer includes: "delivery party signature information block". The micro transaction information (a) is included in a payment return license, the micro transaction blockchain new block information (b) of a payer is included in a micro transaction payment return license, the macro transaction blockchain new block information (c) of a payer is included in a micro transaction payment return license, the micro transaction blockchain new block information (d) of a payer is included in a payer signature information block, and the macro transaction blockchain new block information (e) of a payer is included in a payer signature information block.

The "delivery side signature information block" in the settlement request submitted by the payer includes the above-mentioned certificate information (h) (h includes a, d, e) and the corresponding digital signature (i).

The signing work of the payment request submitted by the payer in the form of a blockchain transaction against the information submitted by the payer in the form of a transaction of the settlement chain is usually completed by the settlement chain, and will not be repeated here.

Accordingly, in step 7011, it is verified whether the h-information is from the delivery party based on the signature information i in the delivery party signature information block, and it is verified whether the payment receipt is signed by the delivery party based on the signature information i. And then verifying whether the a, b and c are correct according to the signature of the payor in the payment return license. And judging whether the information corresponds to the micro transaction submitted at the time according to the information a.

It can be seen that a, b, c are settlement information submitted by a preset settlement submitter, and h, i are information submitted and signed by a non-settlement submitter. Executing step 7011 may ensure that the relevant settlement information submitted by the settlement submitting party to the settlement chain or smart contract is consistent with the forensic information submitted by the non-settlement submitting party, which will be verifiable and forensic by the settlement chain or smart contract. It can be seen that performing the verification step of step 7011 can ensure that the settlement information to be authenticated is not altered by the settlement submitting method.

A transaction method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 8, and includes:

S110, sequentially carrying out multiple microtransactions included in the transaction; in each micro-transaction, the payer generates a micro-transaction payment voucher for being a payment commitment and sends the micro-transaction payment voucher to the payer; wherein the microtransaction payment credential is a payer-signed microtransaction, the microtransaction being the sum of all microtransactions in the transaction that have been or are expected to be completed as confirmed by at least the payer;

S120, when a preset settlement condition is met, submitting a settlement request for a plurality of micro-transactions which are completed but not submitted by a submitting party, wherein the settlement request at least carries micro-transaction information;

Wherein the microtransaction information includes the microtransaction payment credentials and microtransaction data; the micro-transaction data comprises the identification of the delivery party, the payment party, the micro-transaction and the transaction to which the micro-transaction belongs; the submitter is the submitter or the payer, namely one of the two transaction parties is the submitter, and the other party is the non-submitter.

Optionally, the generating, by the payer, a micro-transaction payment credential for use as a payment commitment, the sending to the payer includes:

Optionally, the sending the micro-transaction payment credential together with the own blockchain certification information to the submitting party by the non-submitting party includes:

Optionally, the transaction method further includes:

Implementations of the present disclosure also provide a settlement method for use in a settlement chain or smart contract, including,

Receiving the settlement request submitted in the transaction method;

Optionally, the settlement request includes the micro-transaction data, and the result that the payer signs the micro-transaction payment credential together with blockchain credit information of the payer; the delivery party signs the micro-transaction payment credential together with blockchain certification information of the delivery party; before submitting the settlement request, the non-submitting party signs the micro-transaction payment certificate together with the own blockchain certificate storage information and then sends the micro-transaction payment certificate to the submitting party;

The disclosed embodiments also provide an electronic device comprising a memory having a computer program stored therein and a processor configured to read and run the computer program to perform any of the transaction or settlement methods described above.

The disclosed embodiments also provide a computer storage medium having a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program is configured to perform any one of the transaction or settlement methods described above when run.

It can be seen that the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a transaction method, apparatus, and storage medium for guaranteeing delivery of a transaction object and settlement of fees by splitting the transaction into micro-transactions; reducing the number of blockchain transactions on unnecessary settlement chains generated thereby by a settlement request submitting method; forming macro transaction information by associating micro transaction information; micro-and macro-transaction information and any additional information may be recorded on the local micro-and/or macro-transaction blockchains of the transaction participants; the local micro transaction chain and macro transaction chain information is endorsed by submitting the related information to a settlement chain, and the information can be reliably stored while the delivery and payment of the transaction are ensured by utilizing a blockchain related mechanism. This reliably authenticated information can be further utilized by other big data analysis or application systems to obtain beneficial value.

The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a settlement method, a settlement device and a storage medium, which ensure that the information required to be stored by both transaction parties can be reliably stored by further expanding the submitted information in the settlement request.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps, systems, functional modules/units in the apparatus, and methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between the functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be performed cooperatively by several physical components. Some or all of the components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as known to those skilled in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by a computer. Furthermore, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media.

Claims

1. A transaction method applied to a blockchain, comprising:

when the preset settlement conditions are met, submitting a settlement request for a plurality of micro-transactions which are completed but not submitted by a submitting party so as to submit settlement information to a settlement chain; the settlement request at least carries the settlement information; the settlement information at least comprises micro transaction information;

2. The transaction method according to claim 1, wherein the microtransaction points are:；

wherein: k is the serial number of the micro-transaction in the ith transaction, k is greater than 0, p is the consensus price of the ith transaction, dt is the delivery amount of one micro-transaction, Is the amount of one micro-transaction in the ith transaction,Is the sum of the ith micro-transaction from the beginning to the kth micro-transaction and is used for representing the accumulated sum of the ith transaction.

3. The transaction method according to claim 1, wherein the payer generating micro-transaction payment credentials for commitment as a payment, and transmitting to the payer includes:

4. The transaction method according to claim 3, wherein the settlement request further includes blockchain credit information for each of the payer and the payer.

5. The transaction method according to claim 4, wherein before the submitting party submits settlement requests for the plurality of micro-transactions that are completed but not submitted, further comprising:

the payer signs the micro-transaction payment certificate together with blockchain certificate information of the payer;

the delivery party signs the micro-transaction payment voucher together with blockchain certification information of the delivery party.

6. The transaction method according to claim 5, wherein the non-submitting party signing the micro-transaction payment credentials together with its own blockchain certification information to the submitting party includes:

7. The transaction method according to claim 4, wherein the blockchain certification information includes: the certification information of the newly-added block of the micro transaction chain and the certification information of the newly-added block of the macro transaction chain;

8. The transaction method according to claim 7, wherein the micro-transaction information and/or the macro-transaction information further comprises: additional information, and/or characteristic information of the additional information.

9. The transaction method according to claim 7, further comprising:

10. A settlement method is characterized by being applied to a settlement chain or an intelligent contract and comprising the following steps of,

Receiving the settlement request submitted in the transaction method according to any one of claims 1-9;

11. The settlement method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the settlement request contains the micro transaction data, the result of the payment party signing the micro transaction payment credential together with blockchain certification information of the payment party; the delivery party signs the micro-transaction payment certificate together with blockchain certificate information of the delivery party; before submitting the settlement request, the non-submitting party signs the micro-transaction payment certificate together with the own blockchain certificate storage information and then sends the micro-transaction payment certificate to the submitting party;

When the submitter is a payer, verifying the micro-transaction payment credential signed by the payer plus blockchain depository information of the payer, and the micro-transaction payment credential signed by the payer plus blockchain depository information of the payer, comprising: verifying whether the signature is complete, verifying whether the signature is indeed the signature of the delivery party/payment party, verifying whether blockchain certification information of the delivery party/payment party matches the account number of the delivery party/payment party;

12. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory has stored therein a computer program, the processor being arranged to run the computer program to perform the transaction method of any of claims 1-9; or the processor is arranged to run the computer program to perform the settlement method of claim 10 or 11.

13. A computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium has stored therein a computer program, wherein the computer program is arranged to execute the transaction method of any of claims 1-9, or the settlement method of claim 10 or 11, when run.