CN113498352A - 作为jak抑制剂的咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶、1,2,4-三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶和咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪 - Google Patents
作为jak抑制剂的咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶、1,2,4-三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶和咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了式(I)的化合物:或其药学上可接受的盐,其中变量在说明书中定义,其是JAK激酶、特别是JAK3的抑制剂。本发明还提供了包括此类化合物的药物组合物以及使用此类化合物治疗胃肠和其它炎性疾病的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用作JAK激酶抑制剂(更特别地用作JAK3抑制剂)的含咪唑和三唑的双环化合物,其对JAK3的选择性高于JAK激酶家族的其它成员(例如,JAK1、JAK2和TYK2)。本发明还涉及包括此类化合物的药物组合物以及使用此类化合物治疗炎性疾病的方法。
背景技术
溃疡性结肠炎是结肠的慢性炎性疾病。所述疾病的特征在于直肠和大肠的粘膜层的炎症和溃疡。常见症状包含腹泻、血便和腹痛。临床过程是间歇性的,其特点是交替的加重期和缓解期。发达国家的发病率似乎高于发展中国家。据估计,主要工业化国家有120万人患有溃疡性结肠炎,预期这一数字会随着人口增长而增加。溃疡性结肠炎患者患结直肠癌的风险增加(例如,丹尼斯(Danese)等人,新英格兰医学杂志(N Engl J Med),2011,365,1713-1725)。尽管存在多种治疗选项来促进和维持患者中的溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的缓解,但没有一种是理想的。仍然存在对促进和维持中度至重度UC的缓解而不会产生慢性全身性免疫抑制引起的安全问题的有效疗法的未满足的医疗需求。
尽管UC的确切发病机制尚不清楚,但促炎细胞因子显然在免疫反应中起着关键作用(斯特罗伯(Strober)等人,胃肠病学(Gastroenterol),2011,140,1756-1767)。许多在UC中最常升高的促炎细胞因子(例如,IL-4、IL-6、IL-13、IL-15、IL-23、IL-24、IFNγ和瘦素)依赖于用于信号转导的酪氨酸激酶的JAK家族(即JAK1、JAK2、JAK3和TYK2)。
JAK3酶的抑制会阻断许多关键促炎细胞因子的信号传导。因此,JAK3抑制剂可能用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎和其它胃肠炎性疾病,例如克罗恩氏病和免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的结肠炎。JAK3抑制剂还可能用于治疗炎性皮肤病(例如,特应性皮炎)和炎性呼吸系统病症(例如,过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD))。此外,JAK3抑制剂还可以用于治疗许多炎症起主要作用的眼部疾病,例如葡萄膜炎、糖尿病性视网膜病变、糖尿病性黄斑水肿、干眼病、年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)和特应性角结膜炎。
预计JAK3的选择性高于JAK1是有益的,因为有证据表明JAK3选择性允许保留潜在有益的细胞因子,例如参与粘膜愈合的IL-10、参与粘液屏障保护和上皮再生的IL-22以及参与肠上皮细胞增殖的IL-6。JAK3的选择性高于JAK2还允许保留红细胞生成素(EPO)和血小板生成素(TPO)信号传导。因此,将期望提供作为选择性JAK3抑制剂(选择性高于JAK激酶家族的其它成员(例如,JAK1、JAK2和TYK2))的新化合物。
最后,由于JAK/STAT通路对免疫系统的调节作用,全身暴露于JAK抑制剂可能具有不利的全身免疫抑制作用。因此,将期望提供新的JAK3抑制剂,其在作用部位发挥作用而没有显著的全身作用。特别地,为了治疗胃肠炎性疾病(例如,溃疡性结肠炎),将期望提供新的JAK3抑制剂,其可以口服施用并以最小全身暴露在胃肠道中实现治疗相关的暴露。对于皮肤病,将期望提供新的JAK3抑制剂,其可以以最小全身暴露局部施用于皮肤。
因此,将期望提供作为选择性JAK3抑制剂(选择性高于JAK激酶家族的其它成员(例如,JAK1、JAK2和TYK2))并且具有最小全身暴露的新化合物。
发明内容
在一个方面中,本发明提供了具有作为JAK激酶抑制剂并且更特别地作为JAK3抑制剂的活性的新型化合物。
因此,本发明提供了一种式(I)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
X1和X2各自独立地选自N和CH;
Ra、Rb、Rc和Rf各自独立地选自由以下组成的群组:H和C1-3烷基;
Rd、Re、Rg、Rh、Ri、Rj、Rl、Rm、Rn和Ro各自独立地选自由以下组成的群组:H和C1-3烷基,其中所述C1-3烷基基团可以任选地被1到3个卤素取代;
A选自由以下组成的群组:
(a)4到8元单环杂环基团,其含有一个氮原子并任选地含有一个选自N、S、S(O)2和O的另外的杂原子,和
(b)6到10元多环杂环基团,其含有一个氮原子并任选地含有一个选自N、S、S(O)2和O的另外的杂原子,
其中L与A中的碳原子连接,并且A任选地被1到3个Rk基团取代;
每个Rk独立地选自由以下组成的群组:F、CN、C1-3烷氧基和C1-3烷基,其中所述C1-3烷基基团可以任选地被OH、OMe或1到3个卤素取代;
R1选自由以下组成的群组:
其中Rp和Rq各自独立地选自由以下组成的群组:H、C3-5环烷基和C1-6烷基;
R2选自由以下组成的群组:H、Cl、OMe、Me和F;
R3选自由以下组成的群组:H、Me、Et、CF3、OMe和F;
R4选自由以下组成的群组:H、Me、OMe、Cl和F;并且
R5选自由以下组成的群组:H、Me、Et和F。
本发明还提供了一种包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的载剂的药物组合物。
本发明还提供了一种治疗哺乳动物中的胃肠炎性疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或本公开的药物组合物。
本发明还提供了一种治疗哺乳动物中的皮肤炎性疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括将本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或本公开的药物组合物施涂于所述哺乳动物的皮肤。
本发明还提供了一种治疗哺乳动物中的皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的方法,所述方法包括将包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物施涂于所述哺乳动物的皮肤。
本发明还提供了一种如本文所述的用于医学疗法的本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制造用于治疗哺乳动物中的胃肠炎性疾病或皮肤炎性疾病的调配物或药物中的用途。
具体实施方式
在其它方面中,本发明提供了对JAK3的选择性高于JAK激酶家族的其它成员(例如,JAK1、JAK2和TYK2)的式(I)的JAK激酶抑制剂,及其药学上可接受的盐。
在一个方面中,本发明提供了具有作为JAK激酶抑制剂(特别地作为JAK3激酶抑制剂)的活性的化合物。
因此,本发明提供了一种式(I)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
X1和X2各自独立地选自N和CH;
Ra、Rb、Rc和Rf各自独立地选自由以下组成的群组:H和C1-3烷基;
Rd、Re、Rg、Rh、Ri、Rj、Rl、Rm、Rn和Ro各自独立地选自由以下组成的群组:H和C1-3烷基,其中所述C1-3烷基基团可以任选地被1到3个卤素取代;
A选自由以下组成的群组:
(a)4到8元单环杂环基团,其含有一个氮原子并任选地含有一个选自N、S、S(O)2和O的另外的杂原子,和
(b)6到10元多环杂环基团,其含有一个氮原子并任选地含有一个选自N、S、S(O)2和O的另外的杂原子,
其中L与A中的碳原子连接,并且A任选地被1到3个Rk基团取代;
每个Rk独立地选自由以下组成的群组:F、CN、C1-3烷氧基和C1-3烷基,其中所述C1-3烷基基团可以任选地被OH、OMe或1到3个卤素取代;
R1选自由以下组成的群组:
其中Rp和Rq各自独立地选自由以下组成的群组:H、C3-5环烷基和C1-6烷基;
R2选自由以下组成的群组:H、Cl、OMe、Me和F;
R3选自由以下组成的群组:H、Me、Et、CF3、OMe和F;
R4选自由以下组成的群组:H、Me、OMe、Cl和F;并且
R5选自由以下组成的群组:H、Me、Et和F。
在一些实施例中,所述化合物具有式(II):
在一些实施例中,所述化合物具有式(III):
在一些实施例中,所述化合物具有式(IV):
在一些实施例中,R1选自由以下组成的群组:
在一些实施例中,A选自由以下组成的群组:氮杂环丁烷、吡咯烷、哌啶、2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷和去甲托烷,其中A任选地被1到3个Rk基团取代。在一些实施例中,A选自由以下组成的群组:氮杂环丁烷和哌啶,其中A任选地被1到3个Rk基团取代。在一些实施例中,A是任选地被1到3个Rk基团取代的氮杂环丁烷。在一些实施例中,A是任选地被1到3个Rk基团取代的哌啶。
A选自由以下组成的群组:氮杂环丁烷和哌啶,其中A任选地被1或2个Rk基团取代,其中每个Rk独立地选自由以下组成的群组:甲基和氟。
在一些实施例中,本发明提供了一种化合物,其选自由以下组成的群组:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,其包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的载剂。在一些实施例中,所述药物组合物进一步包括一或多种其它治疗剂。在一些实施例中,所述一或多种其它治疗剂可用于治疗胃肠炎性疾病、皮肤炎性疾病、肺炎性疾病或眼炎性疾病。在一些实施例中,所述一或多种其它治疗剂可用于治疗胃肠炎性疾病。在一些实施例中,所述胃肠炎性疾病是溃疡性结肠炎。在一些实施例中,所述胃肠炎性疾病是克罗恩氏病。在一些实施例中,所述胃肠炎性疾病是乳糜泻。
此外,一些化合物有时可能以互变异构形式存在。将理解,尽管以特定形式示出或命名了结构,但本发明还包含其互变异构体。此外,一些化合物有时可能以阿托异构形式存在。将理解,尽管结构以特定形式示出,但本发明还包含其相对应的阿托异构形式。
本发明的化合物可以含有一或多个手性中心,并且因此,此类化合物(及其中间体)可以作为外消旋混合物;非外消旋混合物;纯立体异构体(即对映异构体或非对映异构体);立体异构体富集混合物等而存在。除非另有指示,否则本文所示或命名的手性中心处没有定义立体化学的手性化合物旨在包含未定义立体中心处的任何或所有可能的立体异构体变化。除非另有指示,否则特定立体异构体的描绘或命名是指所指示的立体中心具有指定立体化学,也可能存在少量其它立体异构体,前提是所描绘或命名的化合物的效用不会因另一种立体异构体的存在而消除。
本发明还包含同位素标记的本公开的化合物,例如同位素标记的式(I)、(II)、(III)、(IV)的化合物,即本公开的化合物和式(I)、(II)、(III)、(IV)的化合物(其中一或多个原子被具有相同原子数但原子质量不同于在自然界中占主导地位的原子质量的原子置换或富集)。可以并入本公开的化合物和式(I)、(II)、(III)、(IV)的化合物的同位素的实例包含但不限于2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、13N、15N、15O、17O、18O、35S和18F。特别感兴趣的是富含氚或碳-14的本公开的化合物和式(I)、(II)、(III)、(IV)的化合物,所述化合物可以用于例如组织分布研究。还特别感兴趣的是尤其在代谢部位富含氘的本公开的化合物和式(I)、(II)、(III)、(IV)的化合物,预期所述化合物具有更大的代谢稳定性。此外,特别感兴趣的是富含正电子发射同位素(例如,11C、18F、15O和13N)的本公开的化合物和式(I)、(II)、(III)、(IV)的化合物,所述化合物可以用于例如正电子发射断层扫描(PET)研究。
定义
当描述包含其各个方面和实施例的本发明时,除非另有指示,否则以下术语具有以下含义。
术语“烷基”是指可以是直链或支链或其组合的一价饱和烃基。除非另有定义,否则此类烷基基团通常含有1到10个碳原子。代表性烷基基团包含例如甲基(Me)、乙基(Et)、正丙基(n-Pr)或(nPr)、异丙基(i-Pr)或(iPr)、正丁基(n-Bu)或(nBu)、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基(t-Bu)或(tBu)、正戊基、正己基、2,2-二甲基丙基、2-甲基丁基、3甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2-丙基戊基等。
术语“卤代烷基”是指被一或多个卤素取代的如上定义的烷基基团,例如三氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氯甲基、2,2,2三氟乙基、1,2二氟乙基、3溴2氟丙基、1,2二溴乙基等。
当旨在将具体数量的碳原子用于特定术语时,碳原子的数量在所述术语之前示出。例如,术语“C1-3烷基”是指具有1到3个碳原子的烷基基团,其中碳原子处于任何化学上可接受的构型,包含直链或支链构型。
术语“烷氧基”是指一价基团-O-烷基,其中烷基如上所定义。代表性烷氧基基团包含例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基等。
术语“环烷基”是指可以是单环或多环的一价饱和碳环基团。除非另有定义,否则此类环烷基基团通常含有3到10个碳原子。代表性环烷基基团包含例如环丙基(cPr)、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、金刚烷基等。
术语“杂环(heterocycle/heterocyclic/heterocyclic ring)”是指饱和或部分不饱和的环状非芳族基团,具有3到10个总环原子,其中环含有2到9个碳环原子和1到4个选自氮、氧和硫的环杂原子。杂环基团可以是单环或多环(即稠合、螺环或桥连)的。当杂环基团是多环的时,至少一个但不一定所有环基团含有杂原子。代表性杂环基团包含例如吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、咪唑烷基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、吲哚啉-3-基、2-咪唑啉基、四氢吡喃基、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-2-基、奎宁环基、7-氮杂降冰片基、去甲托烷基等,其中附接点在任何可用的碳或氮环原子处。当上下文明确表明杂环基团的附接点时,此类基团可以可替代地被称为零价物种,即吡咯烷、哌啶、哌嗪、咪唑、四氢吡喃等。
术语“治疗有效量”是指当施用于需要治疗的患者时足以实现治疗的量。
如本文使用,术语“治疗”是指患者(例如,哺乳动物(特别是人))中的疾病、病症或医学病状(例如,胃肠炎性疾病)的治疗,其包含以下中的一或多种:
(a)预防所述疾病、病症或医学病状的发生,即预防所述疾病或医学病状的复发或对易患所述疾病或医学病状的患者进行预防性治疗;
(b)改善所述疾病、病症或医学病状,即消除患者中的所述疾病、病症或医学病状或使其消退,包含抵消其它治疗剂的作用;
(c)抑制所述疾病、病症或医学病状,即减缓或阻止患者中的所述疾病、病症或医学病状的发展;或
(d)减轻患者中的所述疾病、病症或医学病状的症状。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指施用于患者或哺乳动物(例如,人)时可接受的盐(例如,对于给定给药方案具有可接受的哺乳动物安全性的盐)。代表性药学上可接受的盐包含乙酸盐、抗坏血盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乙磺酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、富马酸盐、龙胆酸盐、葡糖酸盐、葡糖醛酸盐、谷氨酸盐、马尿酸盐、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、羟乙磺酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、马来酸盐、苹果酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、粘液酸盐、萘磺酸盐、萘-1,5-二磺酸盐、萘-2,6-二磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、乳清酸盐、帕莫酸盐、泛酸盐、磷酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐和羟萘甲酸盐等。
术语“氨基保护基团”是指适合用于防止氨基氮处的不期望的反应的保护基团。代表性氨基保护基团包含但不限于甲酰基;酰基基团,例如烷酰基基团,例如乙酰基和三氟乙酰基;烷氧基羰基基团,例如叔丁氧基羰基(Boc);芳基甲氧基羰基基团,例如苄氧基羰基(Cbz)和9-芴基甲氧基羰基(Fmoc);芳甲基基团,例如苄基(Bn)、三苯甲基(Tr)和1,1-二-(4'-甲氧基苯基)甲基;甲硅烷基基团,例如三甲基甲硅烷基(TMS)、三异丙基甲硅烷基(TIPS)、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基(TBS或TBDMS)、[2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-乙氧基]甲基(SEM);等。在T.W.格林(T.W.Greene)和P.G.M.伍茨(P.G.M.Wuts),有机合成中的保护基团(Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis),第三版,威利(Wiley),纽约中描述了许多保护基团及其引入和去除
一般合成程序
本公开的化合物及其中间体可以根据以下一般方法和程序使用市售或常规制备的起始材料和试剂来制备。除非另有指示,否则以下方案中使用的取代基和变量(例如,A、X1、X2、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5等)具有与本文别处定义相同的含义。此外,除非另有指示,否则可以使用具有酸性或碱性原子或官能团的化合物或可以将其以盐的形式生产(在一些情况下,在特定反应中使用盐将需要在进行反应之前使用常规程序将盐转化为非盐形式,例如游离碱)。
尽管本发明的特定实施例可以在以下程序中示出或描述,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,本发明的其它实施例或方面也可以使用此类程序或通过使用本领域技术人员已知的其它方法、试剂和起始材料来制备。特别地,将理解,本公开的化合物可以通过多种工艺路线来制备,其中反应物以不同的顺序组合以在生产最终产品的途中提供不同的中间体。
一种制备本公开的最终化合物的一般方法,其中L选自:
其在方案1中示出。
方案1
起始材料P1(其中Rx和Ry是可以相同或不同的卤素)与P2反应得到P3。
P2可以是:
其中Rz是氨基保护基团,例如Boc。在这种情况下,P2被用碱(例如,NaH或KHMDS(六甲基二硅氮烷钾))去质子化并与P1反应得到P3,或者P1和P2在加热下在碱(例如,Cs2CO3)的存在下组合得到P3。
可替代地,P2可以是:
其中Rz是氨基保护基团,例如Boc。在这种情况下,P2例如在Pd(0)和碱的存在下在布赫瓦尔德偶联条件下与P1反应得到P3。可替代地,P2在加热下(如有必要)在碱(例如,DIPEA)的存在下与P1反应得到P3。
可替代地,P2可以是:
其中Rz是氨基保护基团,例如Boc。在这种情况下,P2在Pd(0)、9-BBN和碱的存在下与P1反应形成P3。
P3在Pd(0)和碱的存在下通过铃木偶联与硼酸P4偶联得到P5。P5被脱保护得到P6(当Rz是Boc时,脱保护可以在强酸(例如,TFA或HCl)的存在下进行)。最后,通过酰胺偶联(在偶联剂(例如,HATU或羟基苯并三唑(HOBT))的存在下与酸反应)或在碱(例如,胡尼格碱)的存在下与酰氯反应,P6被衍生为酰胺。
在本反应方案中,可以修改反应的顺序。例如,可以在引入含有A环的部分之前进行铃木偶联。
磺酰基连接基团可以通过氧化相对应的硫化物获得,例如用过硫酸氢钾和碱性氧化铝。
因此,在一个方法方面中,本公开提供了一种制备式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的方法,
所述方法包括:
使下式的化合物:
与以下反应
(i)Cl-R1,或
(ii)HO-R1
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、X1、X2、L和A如上所定义,和
任选地形成药学上可接受的盐
以提供式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在单独且不同的方面,本公开提供了一种下式的化合物:
其中变量取上述任何值。
药物组合物
本公开的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐通常以药物组合物或调配物的形式使用。此类药物组合物可以通过任何可接受的施用途径施用于患者,包含但不限于口服、局部(包含透皮)、直肠、鼻、吸入和肠胃外施用方式。
因此,在其组合物方面中的一个方面中,本发明涉及一种药物组合物,其包括药学上可接受的载剂或赋形剂以及式(I)、(II)、(III)或(IV)的化合物或其药学上的可接受的盐。任选地,如果需要,此类药物组合物可以含有其它治疗剂和/或调配剂。当讨论组合物及其用途时,“本发明的化合物”或“本公开的化合物”在本文中也可以被称为“活性剂”。如本文使用,术语“一或多种本公开的化合物”旨在包含式(I)、(II)、(III)和(IV)所涵盖的所有化合物及其药学上可接受的盐。
本公开的药物组合物通常含有治疗有效量的本公开的化合物。然而,本领域技术人员将认识到,药物组合物可以含有多于治疗有效量(即整批组合物),或少于治疗有效量(即单个单位剂量,其被设计成用于多次施用以实现治疗有效量)。
通常,此类药物组合物将含有约0.1到约95重量%的活性剂;包含约5到约70重量%的活性剂。
任何常规的载剂或赋形剂均可以用于本发明的药物组合物。特定载剂或赋形剂或载剂或赋形剂的组合的选择将取决于用于治疗特定患者的施用方式或医学病状或疾病状态的类型。就这一点而言,用于特定施用模式的合适的药物组合物的制备完全在药物领域技术人员的范围内。此外,用于本发明的药物组合物的载剂或赋形剂是可商购的。作为另外的说明,常规的调配技术描述于雷明顿:药学的科学与实践(Remington:The Science andPractice of Pharmacy),第20版,利平科特·威廉姆斯和怀特(Lippincott Williams&White),巴尔的摩,马里兰(2000);和H.C.安塞尔(H.C.Ansel)等人,药物剂型和药物递送系统(Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems),第7版,利平科特·威廉姆斯和怀特,巴尔的摩,马里兰(1999)。
可以用作药学上可接受的载剂的材料的代表性实例包含但不限于以下:糖类,例如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉,例如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素,例如微晶纤维素及其衍生物(例如,羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素);粉末状黄蓍胶;麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,例如可可脂和栓剂蜡;油类,例如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和豆油;二醇类,例如丙二醇;多元醇类,例如甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇和聚乙二醇;酯类,油酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂,例如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;海藻酸;无热原质水;等渗盐水;林格氏溶液;乙醇;磷酸盐缓冲溶液;和其它用于药物组合物的无毒相容物质。
药物组合物通常通过将活性剂与药学上可接受的载剂和一或多种任选成分充分且紧密地混合或共混来制备。然后,可以使用常规程序和设备将所得的均匀共混的混合物成型或装入片剂、胶囊、丸剂等中。
本公开的药物组合物优选以单位剂型包装。术语“单位剂型”是指适合于向患者给药的物理上离散的单位,即每个单位含有预定量的活性剂(其经计算以单独地或与一或多个附加单位组合产生期望的治疗作用)。例如,此类单位剂型可以是胶囊、片剂、丸剂等,或适合肠胃外施用的单位包装。
在一些实施例中,本公开的药物组合物适合于口服施用。用于口服施用的合适的药物组合物可以是胶囊、片剂、丸剂、锭剂、扁囊剂、糖衣丸、粉末、颗粒的形式;或作为水性或非水性液体中的溶液或混悬液;或作为水包油或油包水液体乳液;或作为酏剂或糖浆;等等;每一种均含有预定量的本公开的化合物作为活性成分。
当旨在以固体剂型(即作为胶囊、片剂、丸剂等)口服施用时,本公开的药物组合物通常将包括活性剂和一或多种药学上可接受的载剂。任选地,此类固体剂型可以包括:填充剂或增量剂,例如淀粉、微晶纤维素、乳糖、磷酸二钙、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖醇和/或硅酸;粘合剂,例如羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯胶;保湿剂,例如甘油;崩解剂,例如交联羧甲基纤维素钠、琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、海藻酸、某些硅酸盐和/或碳酸钠;溶解阻滞剂,例如石蜡;吸收促进剂,例如季铵化合物;润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和/或单硬脂酸甘油酯;吸收剂,例如高岭土和/或膨润土;润滑剂,例如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠和/或其混合物;着色剂;和缓冲剂。
脱模剂、润湿剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、调味和加香剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂也可以存在于本公开的药物组合物中。药学上可接受的抗氧化剂的实例包含:水溶性抗氧化剂,例如抗坏血酸、半胱氨酸盐酸盐、硫酸氢钠、偏硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠等;油溶性抗氧化剂,例如抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、丁基化羟基茴香醚、丁基化羟基甲苯、卵磷脂、没食子酸丙酯、α-生育酚等;和金属螯合剂,例如柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸、山梨糖醇、酒石酸、磷酸等。片剂、胶囊、丸剂等的包衣剂包含用于肠溶包衣的那些,例如乙酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙酸纤维素偏苯三酸酯、羧甲基乙基纤维素、乙酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯等。
还可以使用例如不同比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素或其它聚合物基质、脂质体和/或微球来调配本公开的药物组合物以提供活性剂的缓释或控释。此外,本公开的药物组合物可以任选地含有遮光剂并且可以被调配成使得它们仅或优选地在胃肠道的某一部分中任选地以延迟方式释放活性成分。可以使用的包埋组合物的实例包含聚合物质和蜡。如果合适的话,活性剂也可以是具有一或多种上述赋形剂的微囊形式。
用于口服施用的合适的液体剂型包含例如药学上可接受的乳液、微乳液、溶液、混悬液、糖浆和酏剂。液体剂型通常包括活性剂和惰性稀释剂,诸如例如水或其它溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂,例如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油类(例如,棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油)、油酸、甘油、四氢呋喃醇、聚乙二醇和脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯及其混合物。可替代地,某些液体调配物可以例如通过喷雾干燥转化为粉末,其用于通过常规程序制备固体剂型。
除活性成分外,混悬液还可以含有混悬剂,诸如例如乙氧基化异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇和脱水山梨糖醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂和黄蓍胶及其混合物。
本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可以肠胃外施用(例如,通过静脉内、皮下、肌肉内或腹膜内注射)。对于肠胃外施用,活性剂通常与适合肠胃外施用的媒剂混合,包含例如无菌水溶液、盐水、低分子量醇(例如,丙二醇、聚乙二醇)、植物油、明胶、脂肪酸酯(例如,油酸乙酯)等。肠胃外调配物还可以含有一或多种抗氧化剂、增溶剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、缓冲剂或分散剂。这些调配物可以通过使用无菌可注射介质、杀菌剂、过滤、辐照或加热而变得无菌。
可替代地,本公开的药物组合物被调配用于通过吸入施用。用于通过吸入施用的合适的药物组合物通常是气雾剂或粉末的形式。此类组合物通常使用熟知的递送装置施用,例如定量吸入器、干粉吸入器、雾化器或类似的递送装置。
当使用加压容器通过吸入施用时,本公开的药物组合物通常将包括活性成分和合适的推进剂,例如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其它合适的气体。此外,药物组合物可以是包括本公开的化合物和适合用于粉末吸入器的粉末的胶囊或药筒的形式(例如,由明胶制成)。合适的粉末基体包含例如乳糖或淀粉。
本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可以被调配用于作为软膏或霜剂局部施用于皮肤。软膏调配物是半固体制剂,其基体为油性或油脂性材料(通常是透明的)。用于软膏调配物的合适的油性材料包含凡士林(石油冻)、蜂蜡、可可脂、乳木果油和鲸蜡醇。如果需要,软膏可以任选地另外包含润肤剂和渗透促进剂。
霜剂调配物可以被制备为包括油相和水相的乳液,通常包含纯净水。霜剂调配物的组分可以包含:油基体,例如凡士林、矿物油、植物油和动物油以及甘油三酯;霜剂基体,例如羊毛脂醇、硬脂酸和鲸蜡硬脂醇;凝胶基体,例如聚乙烯醇;溶剂,例如丙二醇和聚乙二醇;乳化剂,例如聚山梨酯、硬脂酸酯(例如,硬脂酸甘油酯、羟基硬脂酸辛酯、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)、PEG硬脂醚、棕榈酸异丙酯和脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯;稳定剂,例如多糖和亚硫酸钠;润肤剂(即保湿剂),例如中链甘油三酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和二甲基硅氧烷;硬化剂,例如鲸蜡醇和硬脂醇;抗菌剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、苯氧乙醇、山梨酸、重氮烷基脲、丁基化羟基茴香醚;渗透促进剂,例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙二醇、聚乙二醇单月桂酸酯等;和螯合剂,例如依地酸二钠。
以下非限制性实例说明了本发明的代表性药物组合物。
片剂口服固体剂型
将本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和交联羧甲基纤维素钠以4:5:1:1的比例干法共混并压制成片剂,以提供例如以下的单位剂量:每个片剂5mg、20mg或40mg活性剂。
胶囊口服固体剂型
将本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和交联羧甲基纤维素钠以4:5:1:1的比例通过湿法制粒组合并装入明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素胶囊中,以提供例如以下的单位剂量:每个胶囊5mg、20mg或40mg活性剂。
液体调配物
通过将本公开的化合物加入到水和抗坏血酸的混合物中而形成包括本公开的化合物(0.1%)、水(98.9%)和抗坏血酸(1.0%)的液体调配物。
肠溶包衣口服剂型
将本公开的化合物溶解在含有聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的水溶液中,并以1:5w/w活性剂:珠粒的比例喷涂在微晶纤维素或糖珠上,然后包覆大约5%增重的肠溶包衣(其包括丙烯酸共聚物,例如以商品名和获得的丙烯酸共聚物的组合,或乙酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯)。将肠溶包衣珠粒被装入明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素胶囊中,以提供例如以下的单位剂量:每个胶囊30mg活性剂。
肠溶包衣口服剂型
用于局部施用的软膏调配物
将本公开的化合物与凡士林、C8-C10甘油三酯、羟基硬脂酸辛酯和N-甲基吡咯烷酮以一定比例组合,以提供含有0.05重量%到5重量%活性剂的组合物。
用于局部施用的软膏调配物
将本公开的化合物与白凡士林、丙二醇、甘油单酯和甘油二酯、石蜡、丁基化羟基甲苯和依地酸钙二钠以一定比例组合,以提供含有0.05重量%到5重量%活性剂的组合物。
用于局部施用的软膏调配物
将本公开的化合物与矿物油、石蜡、碳酸丙烯酯、白凡士林、白蜡组合,以提供含有0.05重量%到5重量%活性剂的组合物。
用于局部施用的霜剂调配物
将矿物油与本公开的化合物、丙二醇、棕榈酸异丙酯、聚山梨酯60、鲸蜡醇、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯混合以形成油相,通过剪切共混将其与纯净水组合,以提供含有0.05重量%到5重量%活性剂的组合物。
用于局部施用的霜剂调配物
包括本公开的化合物、苄醇、鲸蜡醇、无水柠檬酸、甘油单酯和甘油二酯、油醇、丙二醇、鲸蜡硬脂醇硫酸酯钠、氢氧化钠、硬脂醇、甘油三酯和水的霜剂调配物含有0.05重量%到5重量%活性剂。
用于局部施用的霜剂调配物
包括本公开的化合物、鲸蜡硬脂醇、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、丙二醇、西土马哥1000、二甲基硅氧烷360、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠和纯净水以及具有咪脲、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯作为防腐剂的霜剂调配物含有0.05重量%到5重量%活性剂。
效用
JAK3的抑制阻断了许多关键促炎细胞因子的信号传导。因此,预期本公开的化合物可用于治疗炎性疾病。
本公开的化合物已被设计成对JAK3的选择性高于JAK1、JAK2和TYK2。预计JAK3的选择性高于JAK1是有益的,因为一些证据表明JAK3选择性允许保留潜在有益的细胞因子,例如参与粘膜愈合的IL-10、参与粘液屏障保护和上皮再生的IL-22以及参与肠上皮细胞增殖的IL-6。JAK3的选择性高于JAK2还允许保留红细胞生成素(EPO)和血小板生成素(TPO)信号传导。
不受本理论的限制,本公开的化合物具有亲电子部分,其可以与JAK3中存在的半胱氨酸(Cys909)形成共价键,其它三个JAK同种型中的残基被丝氨酸置换(古德肯(Goedken)等人,生物化学杂志(J Biol Chem.),2015,290,8,4573-89)。这种与JAK3的共价结合可能是有益的,因为它提供了扩展的靶标参与,这可能会以更佳功效进行转化。
此外,本公开的某些化合物具有最小全身暴露,从而避免潜在的不利的全身免疫抑制作用。
胃肠炎性疾病
除了提供JAK3的强效抑制之外,本公开的一些化合物被设计成吸收不良以最小化全身暴露。这些化合物被设计成在作用部位(例如,在结肠中)发挥作用。某些化合物表现出低渗透性,Kp值小于约5x10-6cm/秒,这被认为有利于最小化全身暴露并靶向结肠。某些化合物的Kp值小于约10x10-6cm/秒,这可能也足以最小化全身暴露并靶向结肠。如实验部分所述,化合物12、13、16和24表现出的结肠/血浆比超过200。化合物15表现出的结肠/血浆比超过30。化合物30表现出的结肠/血浆比超过8。
预期高结肠对血浆比将提供强大的腔驱动的抗炎活性,而没有相关联的全身驱动的不良反应。预期本公开的化合物可用于多种胃肠炎性适应症,包含但不限于炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎(直肠乙状结肠炎、全结肠炎、溃疡性直肠炎和左侧结肠炎)、克罗恩氏病、胶原性结肠炎、淋巴细胞性结肠炎、白塞氏病、乳糜泻、免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的结肠炎、回肠炎、嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎、移植物抗宿主病相关的结肠炎和感染性结肠炎。溃疡性结肠炎(雷蒙德(Reimund)等人,临床免疫学杂志(J Clin Immunology),1996,16,144-150)、克罗恩氏病(沃伊沃特(Woywodt)等人,欧洲胃肠病与肝病杂志(Eur J GastroenterologyHepatology),1999,11,267-276)、胶原性结肠炎(库马瓦特(Kumawat)等人,分子免疫学(Mol Immunology),2013,55,355-364)、淋巴细胞性结肠炎(库马瓦特(Kumawat)等人,2013)、嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎(韦恩布兰德-戈希伯格(Weinbrand-Goichberg)等人,免疫学研究(Immunol Res),2013,56,249-260)、移植物抗宿主病相关的结肠炎(科格希尔(Coghill)等人,血液(Blood),2001,117,3268-3276)、传染性结肠炎(施塔尔马赫(Stallmach)等人,国际结肠直肠疾病杂志(Int J Colorectal Dis),2004,19,308–315)、白塞氏病(周(Zhou)等人,自身免疫综述(Autoimmun Rev),2012,11,699-704)、乳糜泻(德尼托(de Nitto)等人,世界胃肠病学杂志(World J Gastroenterol),2009,15,4609-4614)、免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的结肠炎(例如,CTLA-4抑制剂诱发的结肠炎;(矢野(Yano)等人,转化医学杂志(J Translation Med),2014,12,191),PD-1抑制剂或PD-L1抑制剂诱发的结肠炎)和回肠炎(山本(Yamamoto)等人,消化和肝病(Dig Liver Dis),2008,40,253-259)的特征是某些促炎细胞因子水平的升高。由于许多促炎细胞因子经由JAK激活进行信号传导,因此预期本申请中描述的化合物能够减轻炎症并提供症状缓解。
特别地,预期本公开的化合物可用于诱导和维持溃疡性结肠炎的缓解并用于治疗克罗恩氏病、免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的结肠炎、乳糜泻和移植物抗宿主病中的胃肠不良反应。
因此,在一个方面中,本发明提供了一种治疗哺乳动物(例如,人)中的胃肠炎性疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,或包括药学上可接受的载剂和本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物。在一些实施例中,所述胃肠炎性疾病是溃疡性结肠炎。在一些实施例中,所述胃肠炎性疾病是乳糜泻。在一些实施例中,所述胃肠炎性疾病是克罗恩氏病。在一些实施例中,所述胃肠炎性疾病是免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的结肠炎。在一些实施例中,所述胃肠炎性疾病是移植物抗宿主病中的胃肠不良反应。
本发明进一步提供了一种治疗哺乳动物中的溃疡性结肠炎、乳糜泻或克罗恩氏病的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,或包括药学上可接受的载剂和本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物。
当用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎、乳糜泻或克罗恩氏病时,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐通常将以单次每日剂量或每日多次剂量口服施用,但是也可以使用其它施用形式。每剂量施用的活性剂的量或每天施用的总量通常将由医师根据相关情况确定,包含待治疗的病状、所选择的施用途径、所施用的实际化合物及其相对活性、个体患者的年龄、体重和反应、患者症状的严重程度等。
对于平均70公斤的人,预期用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎、乳糜泻、克罗恩氏病和其它胃肠炎性病症的合适的剂量范围为约1到约400mg/天活性剂,包含约5到约300mg/天和约20到约70mg/天活性剂。
组合疗法
本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可以与一或多种通过相同机制或不同机制起作用以实现胃肠炎性病症的治疗的试剂组合使用。不同的试剂可以顺序地或同时地(在不同的组合物中或在相同的组合物中)施用。用于组合疗法的有用试剂类别包含但不限于氨基水杨酸盐、类固醇、全身免疫抑制剂、抗TNFα抗体、TNFα配体抑制剂、TNF结合剂、抗VLA-4抗体、抗整合素α4β7抗体、抗细菌剂、糖皮质激素激动剂、核因子κB抑制剂、5-脂氧合酶抑制剂、整合素α-4/β-7拮抗剂、环氧合酶抑制剂、IL-23拮抗剂、白三烯BLT受体拮抗剂、IL-6拮抗剂、IL-8拮抗剂、整合素拮抗剂、烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体激动剂、PPARγ激动剂、1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体-1调节剂、B淋巴细胞抗原CD20抑制剂、钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂、CD3拮抗剂、细胞粘附分子抑制剂、嗜酸性粒细胞过氧化物酶抑制剂、肝素激动剂、ICAM1基因抑制剂、IL-13拮抗剂、IL-2受体α亚基抑制剂、胰岛素增敏剂、干扰素β配体、干扰素γ受体拮抗剂、白介素-1β配体调节剂、MAdCAM抑制剂、PDE 4抑制剂、1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体-1激动剂、TLR-9激动剂、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂、ACTH受体激动剂、激活素受体拮抗剂、CCR5趋化因子拮抗剂、CCR9趋化因子拮抗剂和止泻药物。
可以与本JAK抑制剂化合物组合使用的氨基水杨酸盐包含但不限于美沙拉嗪、奥沙拉嗪和柳氮磺吡啶。类固醇的实例包含但不限于泼尼松、泼尼松龙、氢化可的松、布地奈德、倍氯米松和氟替卡松。可用于治疗炎性病症的全身免疫抑制剂包含但不限于环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤、6-巯基嘌呤和他克莫司。此外,抗TNFα抗体(包含但不限于英夫利昔单抗、阿达木单抗、戈利木单抗和赛妥珠单抗)可以用于组合疗法。通过其它机制起作用的有用化合物包含抗VLA-4抗体(例如,那他珠单抗)、抗整合素α4β7抗体(例如,维多珠单抗),抗细菌剂(例如,利福昔明)和止泻药物(例如,洛哌丁胺)。(莫扎法利(Mozaffari)等人,生物治疗专家意见(Expert Opin.Biol.Ther.),2014,14,583-600;丹尼斯(Danese),消化道(Gut),2012,61,918-932;林(Lam)等人,免疫疗法(Immunotherapy),2014,6,963-971)。
可以与本JAK抑制剂化合物组合使用的其它化合物包含但不限于奥帕加尼、阿巴西普、芒格尔森(mongersen)、菲格替尼、LYC-30937、BI-655130、米吉珠单抗、阿达木单抗、他克莫司、利妥昔单抗、GSK-2982772、安德利昔单抗、纳曲酮、利桑珠单抗(risankizumab)、QBECO、阿里卡佛森(alicaforsen)、依曲利珠单抗(etrolizumab)、福雷芦单抗、奥美珠单抗、维多珠单抗、阿米莫德、奥扎尼莫德、度卡那肽、卡曲得考、布地奈德、STNM-01、大麻二酚、特罗司他马尿酸盐、SHP-647、卡罗特格拉斯特甲酯(carotegrast methyl)、peg-伊洛白介素、TOP-1288、艾贝罗伽斯特N(iberogast N)、PF-06480605、培菲昔替尼(peficitinib)、倍氯米松、重组干扰素β-1a、英夫利昔单抗、戈利木单抗、曲罗芦单抗、优特克单抗、赛妥珠单抗、沙利度胺、乌帕替尼、阿普斯特、那他珠单抗、干扰素β-1a、利福昔明、RBX-2660、艾曲莫德、齐留通、芬戈莫德、可比托莫德、罗哌卡因、ABX-464、PF-06700841、泼尼松龙、GLPG-0974、缬更昔洛韦、环孢素、VB-201、妥纳西普(tulinercept)、MDGN-002、PTG-100、地塞米松、GED-0507-34-左旋、柏替木单抗、巴兹库单抗(brazikumab)、KHK-4083、罗格列酮、莫维莫德(mocravimod)、索曲妥林、KAG-308、PUR-0110、E-6007、巴柳氮、巴利昔单抗、LP-02、ASP-3291、猪鞭虫卵、K(D)PT、米地美塞(midismase)、DNVX-078、伐利组单抗、阿莱克尔(alequel)、低分子量肝素、美腾法林、曲卡克肽、HMPL-004、SB-012、奥沙拉嗪、巴柳氮、丙酰-L-肉碱、丁酸梭菌、倍氯米松和乙酰吗喃。
因此,在另一个方面中,本发明提供了一种用于治疗胃肠炎性病症的治疗性组合,所述组合包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一或多种用于治疗胃肠炎性病症的其它治疗剂(例如,以上示出的那些)。例如,本发明提供了一种组合,其包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一或多种选自以下的试剂:氨基水杨酸盐、类固醇、全身免疫抑制剂、抗TNFα抗体、抗VLA-4抗体、抗整合素α4β7抗体、抗细菌剂和止泻药物。当包含时,一或多种第二试剂以治疗有效量(即在与本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐共同施用时产生治疗有益作用的任何量)存在。
因此,还提供了一种药物组合物,其包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一或多种用于治疗胃肠炎性病症的其它治疗剂。
此外,在一个方法方面中,本发明提供了一种治疗胃肠炎性病症的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一或多种用于治疗胃肠炎性病症的其它治疗剂。
当在组合疗法中使用时,试剂可以调配在单一药物组合物中,如以上所公开,或者试剂可以提供在分开的组合物(其通过相同或不同的施用途径同时或在分开的时间施用)。当分开施用时,试剂的施用时间足够接近,以便提供期望的治疗作用。此类组合物可以分开包装或可以作为试剂盒包装在一起。试剂盒中的两种或两种以上治疗剂可以通过相同的施用途径或通过不同的施用途径施用。
炎性皮肤病
特应性皮炎和其它炎性皮肤病与依赖JAK-STAT通路的促炎细胞因子的升高相关联。因此,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或其结晶形式可能有益于多种皮肤炎性或瘙痒病状,包含但不限于特应性皮炎、斑秃、白癜风、银屑病、皮肌炎、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(内奇波罗科(Netchiporouk)等人,细胞周期(Cell Cycle),2014;13,3331-3335)和亚型(塞扎里综合征、蕈样真菌病、帕哲样网状细胞增生症、肉芽肿性松弛皮肤、淋巴瘤样丘疹病、慢性苔癣样糠疹、急性痘疮样苔癣样糠疹、CD30+皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、继发性皮肤CD30+大细胞淋巴瘤、非蕈样真菌病CD30-皮肤大T细胞淋巴瘤、多形性T细胞淋巴瘤、伦纳特淋巴瘤、皮下T细胞淋巴瘤、血管中心性淋巴瘤、母细胞性NK细胞淋巴瘤)、结节性痒疹、扁平苔癣、原发性局部皮肤淀粉样变性、大疱性类天疱疮、移植物抗宿主病的皮肤表现、类天疱疮、盘状狼疮、环状肉芽肿、慢性单纯性苔癣、外阴/阴囊/肛周瘙痒、硬化性苔癣、带状疱疹后神经痛痒、毛发扁平苔癣和脱发性毛囊炎。特别地,特应性皮炎(包(Bao)等人,JAK-STAT,2013,2,e24137)、斑秃(邢(Xing)等人,自然医学(Nat Med.),2014,20,1043-1049)、白癜风(克雷格洛(Craiglow)等人,JAMA皮肤病学(JAMA Dermatol.),2015,151,1110-1112)、结节性痒疹(雄科伊(Sonkoly)等人,变态反应和临床免疫学杂志(J Allergy Clin Immunol.),2006,117,411-417)、扁平苔癣(韦尔兹-库比亚克(Welz-Kubiak)等人,免疫学研究杂志(JImmunol Res.),2015,ID:854747)、原发性局部皮肤淀粉样变性(田中(Tanaka)等人,英国皮肤病学杂志(Br J Dermatol.),2009,161,1217-1224)、大疱性类天疱疮(费利恰尼(Feliciani)等人,国际免疫病理学与药理学杂志(Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol.),1999,12,55-61)和移植物抗宿主病的皮肤表现(冲山(Okiyama)等人,皮肤病学研究杂志(JInvest Dermatol.),2014,134,992-1000)的特征是经由JAK激活进行信号传导的某些细胞因子的升高。因此,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐具有减轻由这些细胞因子驱动的相关联皮肤炎症或瘙痒的潜力。特别地,预期本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可用于治疗特应性皮炎和其它炎性皮肤病。
因此,在一个方面中,本发明提供了一种治疗哺乳动物(例如,人)中的炎性皮肤病的方法,所述方法包括将包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和药物载剂的药物组合物施涂于所述哺乳动物的皮肤。在一个方面中,所述炎性皮肤病是特应性皮炎。
本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可以与一或多种用于治疗炎性皮肤病的化合物组合使用。在一些实施例中,所述一或多种化合物是类固醇、组胺H1受体拮抗剂、钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂、IL-13拮抗剂、PDE 4抑制剂、G蛋白偶联受体-44拮抗剂、IL-4拮抗剂、5-HT 1a受体拮抗剂、5-HT 2b受体拮抗剂、α2肾上腺素受体激动剂、大麻素CB1受体拮抗剂、CCR3趋化因子、拮抗剂、胶原酶抑制剂、胞质磷脂酶A2抑制剂、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子配体抑制剂、GATA3转录因子抑制剂、组胺H4受体拮抗剂、IL-10拮抗剂、IL-12拮抗剂、IL-17拮抗剂、IL-2拮抗剂、IL-23拮抗剂、IL-4受体调节剂、IL-5拮抗剂、免疫球蛋白E拮抗剂、免疫球蛋白E调节剂、干扰素γ受体拮抗剂、白介素33配体抑制剂、白介素-31受体拮抗剂、白三烯拮抗剂、肝X受体激动剂、肝X受体β激动剂、核因子κB抑制剂、OX-40受体拮抗剂、PGD2拮抗剂、磷脂酶A2抑制剂、SH2结构域肌醇磷酸酶1刺激剂、胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素配体抑制剂、TLR调节剂、TNFα配体调节剂或香草酸VR1拮抗剂。在一些实施例中,所述一或多种化合物是革兰氏阳性抗生素,例如莫匹罗星或夫西地酸。在一些实施例中,所述一或多种化合物是曲尼司特、他克莫司、依匹斯汀、SB-011、AM-1030、ZPL-521、MM-36、FB-825、PG-102、维罗梅德(viromed)、GBR-830、AVX-001、AMG-0101、E-6005、DMT-210、AX-1602、柏替木单抗、乙酸罗西普托、Q-301、ANB-020、VTP-38543、ZPL-389、来瑞组单抗、特折鲁单抗、非索芬那定、匹美莫司、贝托斯汀、克立硼罗、曲罗芦单抗、非维匹仑、多西环素、地氯雷他定、ALX-101、奈莫利珠单抗、阿西曲普(asivatrep)、环孢素、美泊利单抗、度匹鲁单抗、苏金单抗、替马匹仑(timapiprant)或优特克单抗。
因此,在一个方面中,本发明提供了一种治疗哺乳动物中的炎性皮肤病的方法,所述方法包括将本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和革兰氏阳性抗生素施涂于所述哺乳动物的皮肤。在另一个方面中,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,其包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、革兰氏阳性抗生素和药学上可接受的载剂。
呼吸系统疾病
通过JAK-STAT通路进行信号传导的细胞因子,特别是IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-9、IL-11、IL-13、IL-23、IL-31、IL-27、胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)、干扰素-γ(IFNγ)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM CSF)也与哮喘炎症和其它炎性呼吸系统疾病有牵连。如上所述,本公开的化合物已被证明是JAK3的强效抑制剂,并且还在细胞测定中表现出IL-2促炎细胞因子的强效抑制。
JAK抑制剂的抗炎活性已在哮喘的临床前模型中得到有力的证明(马拉维亚(Malaviya)等人,国际免疫药理学(Int Immunopharmacol),2010,10,829,-836;松永(Matsunaga)等人,生物化学和生物物理学研究通讯(Biochem and Biophys Res Commun),2011,404,261-267;库德拉茨(Kudlacz)等人,欧洲药理学杂志(Eur J Pharmacol),2008,582,154-161)。因此,预期本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可用于治疗炎性呼吸系统病症,例如哮喘。肺的炎症和纤维化是除哮喘之外的其它呼吸系统疾病(例如,慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、囊性纤维化(CF)、肺炎、间质性肺病(包含特发性肺纤维化)、急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管炎、肺气肿和闭塞性细支气管炎)的特征。因此,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病、囊性纤维化、肺炎、间质性肺病(包含特发性肺纤维化)、急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管炎、肺气肿、闭塞性细支气管炎、闭塞性细支气管炎机化性肺炎(也被称为COS)、原发性移植物功能障碍(PGD)、机化性肺炎(OP)、急性排斥(AR)、淋巴细胞性细支气管炎(LB)、慢性肺同种异体移植物功能障碍(CLAD)、限制性CLAD(rCLAD或RAS)、中性粒细胞同种异体移植物功能障碍和结节病。
因此,在一个方面中,本公开提供了一种治疗哺乳动物(例如,人)中的呼吸系统疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一个方面中,所述呼吸系统疾病是哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、囊性纤维化、肺炎、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、囊性纤维化(CF)、肺炎、间质性肺病(包含特发性肺纤维化)、急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管炎、肺气肿、闭塞性细支气管炎、闭塞性细支气管炎机化性肺炎(也被称为COS)、原发性移植物功能障碍(PGD)、机化性肺炎(OP)、急性排斥(AR)、淋巴细胞性细支气管炎(LB)、慢性肺同种异体移植物功能障碍(CLAD)、限制性CLAD(rCLAD或RAS)、中性粒细胞同种异体移植物功能障碍、过敏性鼻炎或结节病。在另一个方面中,所述呼吸系统疾病是哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病。
在另一个方面中,所述呼吸系统疾病是肺部感染、蠕虫感染、肺动脉高压、结节病、淋巴管平滑肌瘤病、支气管扩张或浸润性肺病。在又一个方面中,所述呼吸系统疾病是药物诱发的肺炎、真菌诱发的肺炎、变应性支气管肺曲霉病、过敏性肺炎、嗜酸性粒细胞性肉芽肿伴多血管炎、特发性急性嗜酸性粒细胞性肺炎、特发性慢性嗜酸性粒细胞性肺炎、高嗜酸性粒细胞综合征、吕弗琉综合征、闭塞性细支气管炎机化性肺炎或免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的肺炎。
本公开进一步提供了一种治疗呼吸系统疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的载剂的药物组合物。
本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可以与一或多种对呼吸系统疾病有用的化合物组合使用。
眼部疾病
许多眼部疾病已被证明与依赖JAK-STAT通路的促炎细胞因子的升高相关联。
因此,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以用于治疗多种眼部疾病,包含但不限于葡萄膜炎、糖尿病性视网膜病、糖尿病性黄斑水肿、干眼病、年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)和特应性角结膜炎。
特别地,葡萄膜炎(洞井(Horai)和卡斯皮(Caspi),干扰素和细胞因子研究杂志(JInterferon Cytokine Res),2011,31,733-744)、糖尿病性视网膜病(艾博考维(Abcouwer),临床与细胞免疫学杂志(J Clin Cell Immunol),2013,副刊1,1-12)、糖尿病性黄斑水肿(佐恩(Sohn)等人,美国眼科杂志(American Journal of Opthamology),2011,152,686-694)、干眼病(史蒂文森(Stevenson)等人,眼科学文献(Arch Ophthalmol),2012,130,90-100)、视网膜静脉阻塞(舒科(Shchuko)等人,印度眼科杂志(Indian Journal ofOphthalmology),2015,63(12),905-911)和年龄相关性黄斑变性(尼克贝因(Knickelbein)等人,国际眼科临床(Int Ophthalmol Clin),2015,55(3),63-78)的特征是经由JAK-STAT通路进行信号传导的某些促炎细胞因子的升高。因此,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可能能够减轻相关联的眼部炎症并逆转疾病进展或提供症状缓解。
因此,在一个方面中,本公开提供了一种治疗哺乳动物中的眼部疾病的方法,所述方法包括将包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和药物载剂的药物组合物施用于所述哺乳动物的眼睛。在一个方面中,所述眼部疾病是葡萄膜炎、糖尿病性视网膜病、糖尿病性黄斑水肿、干眼病、年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜静脉阻塞或特应性角结膜炎。在一个方面中,所述方法包括通过玻璃体内注射施用本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可以与一或多种对眼部疾病有用的化合物组合使用。
其它疾病
本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐还可以用于治疗其它疾病,例如其它炎性疾病、自身免疫疾病或癌症。
本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以用于治疗以下中的一或多种:关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、幼年型类风湿性关节炎、移植排斥、眼干燥症、银屑病性关节炎、糖尿病、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、运动神经元疾病、骨髓增生异常综合征、疼痛、肌肉减少症、恶病质、败血性休克、全身性红斑狼疮、白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性粒细胞性白血病、急性成淋巴细胞性白血病、急性髓细胞性白血病、强直性脊柱炎、骨髓纤维化、B细胞淋巴瘤、肝细胞癌、霍奇金病、乳腺癌、多发性骨髓瘤、黑素瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢透明细胞癌、卵巢肿瘤、胰腺肿瘤、真性红细胞增多症、舍格伦综合征、软组织肉瘤、肉瘤、脾肿大、T细胞淋巴瘤和重型地中海贫血。
本公开的化合物已被证明是JAK3酶的强效抑制剂,并且在酶结合测定中对JAK3的选择性高于JAK1、JAK2和TYK2,并且在如下实例中所述的细胞测定中对JAK3具有强效功能活性。
实例
提供以下合成和生物实例来说明本发明,并且其不应以任何方式解释为限制本发明的范围。在以下实例中,除非另有指示,否则以下缩写具有以下含义。以下未定义的缩写具有其普遍接受的含义。
ACN=乙腈
Calcd=计算
Boc=叔丁氧羰基
d=天
DIPEA=N,N-二异丙基乙胺
DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO=二甲亚砜
EtOAc=乙酸乙酯
EtOH=乙醇
h=小时
HATU=N,N,N',N'-四甲基-O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)脲六氟磷酸酯
IPA=异丙醇
MeOH=甲醇
min=分
RT或rt=室温
SiG=硅胶
TEA=三乙胺
THF=四氢呋喃
THP=四氢吡喃
TFA=三氟乙酸
试剂和溶剂购自商业供应商(Aldrich、Fluka、Sigma等),无需进一步纯化即可使用。通过薄层色谱法(TLC)、分析型高效液相色谱法(分析型HPLC)和质谱法监测反应混合物的进程。如在每个反应中具体描述的那样处理反应混合物;通常,它们通过萃取和其它纯化方法(例如,温度和溶剂依赖型结晶和沉淀)进行纯化。此外,反应混合物通常通过柱色谱法或制备型HPLC纯化,通常使用C18或BDS柱填料和常规洗脱液。典型的制备型HPLC条件在以下描述。
反应产物的表征通常通过质谱法和1H-NMR光谱法进行。对于NMR分析,将样品溶解在氘代溶剂(例如,CD3OD、CDCl3或d6-DMSO)中,并在标准观察条件下使用Varian Gemini2000仪器(400MHz)获取1H-NMR光谱。化合物的质谱鉴定是通过电喷雾电离方法(ESMS)使用联接到自动纯化系统的Applied Biosystems(福斯特城,加利福尼亚)型号API 150EX仪器或Waters(米尔福德,马萨诸塞)3100仪器进行的。
除非另有指示,否则使用以下条件进行制备型HPLC纯化。
柱:C18,5μm 21.2x150mm或C18,5μm 21x250mm或C14,5μm 21x150mm
柱温:室温
流速:20.0mL/分
流动相:A=水+0.05%TFA
B=ACN+0.05%TFA,
进样体积:(100-1500μL)
检测器波长:214nm
将粗化合物溶解在1:1水:乙酸中,浓度约为50mg/mL。使用2.1x50mm C18柱进行4分钟分析型规模测试运行,随后使用100μL进样进行15或20分钟制备型规模运行,梯度基于分析型规模测试运行的B保留%。精确的梯度取决于样品。使用21x250mmC18柱和/或21x150mm C14柱检查具有紧密流动杂质的样品以获得最佳分离。通过质谱分析鉴定含有期望产物的级分。
分析型HPLC条件
方法A
柱:LUNA C18(2),150x4.60mm,3μm
柱温:37℃
流速:1.0mL/分
进样体积:5μL
样品制备:溶解在1:1ACN:水中
流动相:A=水:ACN:TFA(98:2:0.05)
B=水:ACN:TFA(2:98:0.05)
检测器波长:250nm
梯度:总共32分钟(时间(分)/B%):0/2,10/20,24/90,29/90,30/2,32/2
方法B
柱:LUNA C18(2),150x4.60mm,3μm
柱温:37℃
流速:1.0mL/分
进样体积:10μL
样品制备:溶解在1:1ACN:水中
流动相:A=水:ACN:TFA(98:2:0.05)
B=水:ACN:TFA(10:90:0.05)
检测器波长:254nm
梯度:总共35分钟(时间(分)/B%):0/2,20/25,23/90,26/90,27/2,35/2
制备1:(S)-3-((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
在室温下向6-溴-8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(500mg,2.32mmol)在DMSO(10mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入(S)-3-羟基吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(521mg,2.79mmol)和Cs2CO3(1.51g,4.65mmol)。将反应混合物在120℃下搅拌4小时。反应物用水稀释并用EtOAc萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。粗材料通过硅胶柱色谱法使用30-35%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物(550mg,1.44mmol)。(m/z):C16H20BrN3O3[M+H]+计算值383.0,实测值383.0。
制备2:(S)-3-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向(S)-3-((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(550mg,1.43mmol)在二噁烷(12mL)和水(3mL)的搅拌溶液中加入(4-羟苯基)硼酸(238mg,1.72mmol)和Na2CO3(305mg,2.86mmol)。将反应物用氩气吹扫15分钟,然后加入Pd(dppf)Cl2.DCM(117mg,0.144mmol),并且将反应物密封,加热至120℃并搅拌2小时。然后,将反应物冷却至室温,并且有机层经Na2SO4(238mg,1.73mmol)和Na2CO3(305mg,2.88mmol)干燥。然后,将混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤,并将滤液减压浓缩以获得粗材料。粗材料通过硅胶柱色谱法使用30-35%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物(453mg,1.15mmol)。(m/z):C22H25N3O4[M+H]+计算值396.19,实测值396.29。
制备3:(S)-4-(8-(吡咯烷-3-基氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚
在氮气气氛下于0℃下向(S)-3-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(420mg,1.088mmol)在二噁烷(15mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入4M HCl的二噁烷(15mL)溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。然后,将反应物减压浓缩并在高真空下干燥以获得粗材料。将粗材料与二乙醚一起研磨以获得产物,其为HCl盐(350mg,1.06mmol)。(m/z):C17H17N3O2[M+H]+计算值296.14,实测值296.11。
实例1:(S)-1-(3-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)吡咯烷-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向(S)-4-(8-(吡咯烷-3-基氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(32mg,0.095mmol)在DMF(475μL)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(83μL,0.48mmol),并将反应物冷却至0℃。在搅拌5分钟之后,加入丙烯酰氯(7.7μL,0.095mmol),并将反应物在0℃下搅拌10分钟。LCMS分析表明形成了期望产物,然后将反应物真空浓缩。将粗残留物溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并在Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱上通过反相HPLC使用5-45%MeCN:H2O(含0.1%TFA)梯度纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(3.2mg,0.007mmol)。(m/z):C20H19N3O3[M+H]+计算值350.1,实测值350.1。
制备4:4-(((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向0℃下的4-(羟甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(451mg,2.093mmol)在DMF(3.5mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入氢化钠(矿物油60%分散液)(89mg,2.2mmol)。将反应物升温至室温并搅拌30分钟。在0℃下将6-溴-8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(300mg,1.40mmol)的DMF(3.5mL)溶液加入到反应物中。将反应物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用10mL H2O淬灭并用3x10mL EtOAc萃取。合并有机萃取物并用~50mL 1:1H2O:盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩到硅藻土上。粗材料通过硅胶柱色谱法使用0-80%EtOAc:Hex梯度纯化,得到期望产物(290mg,1.40mmol)。(m/z):C18H24BrN3O3[M+H]+计算值411.1,实测值411.0。
制备5:4-(((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向4-(((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(290mg,0.707mmol)在二噁烷(2.8mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入4-羟苯基硼酸(136mg,0.989mmol)和碳酸铯(691mg,2.12mmol)的水(0.7mL)溶液。将反应物密封,加热至110℃并搅拌过夜。将反应物冷却至室温,浓缩到硅藻土上,并通过硅胶柱色谱法使用10-80%EtOAc:Hex梯度纯化,得到期望产物(45mg,0.106mmol)。(m/z):C24H29N3O4[M+H]+计算值424.2,实测值424.1。
制备6:4-(8-(哌啶-4-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚
向4-(((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯的DCM(500μL)溶液中加入TFA(500μL),并将反应物搅拌2小时,然后真空浓缩,得到粗产物(47mg,0.106mmol)。(m/z):C19H21N3O2[M+H]+计算值324.2,实测值324。
实例2:1-(4-(((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(哌啶-4-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚在DMF(274μl)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(57.5μl,0.329mmol),然后加入丙烯酰氯(4.01μl,0.049mmol)。将反应物在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后真空浓缩。将粗材料重新溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并在Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱上通过反相HPLC使用19-50%MeCN:H2O(0.1%TFA)梯度纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(8.6mg,0.017mmol)。(m/z):C22H22N3O3[M+H]+计算值378.2,实测值378.1。
制备7:4-(8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚
向6-溴-8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(900mg,4.19mmol)在二噁烷(13.4mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入4-羟苯基硼酸(866mg,6.28mmol),碳酸铯(4091mg,12.56mmol)的H2O(3.35mL)溶液和二氯[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(513mg,0.628mmol)。将反应物密封,加热至110℃并搅拌过夜。将反应物直接浓缩到硅藻土上,并通过硅胶柱色谱法使用0-95%EtOAc:Hex梯度纯化,得到期望产物(812mg,3.56mmol)。(m/z):C13H9FN2O[M+H]+计算值229.1,实测值229。
制备8:5-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯
向0℃下的5-羟基-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯的DMF(3.3mL)溶液中加入六甲基二硅氮烷钾(1.0M,THF溶液)(1.78mL,1.775mmol),并且将反应物升温至室温并搅拌20分钟。然后,将4-(8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(150mg,0.657mmol)的DMF(3.3mL)溶液加入到烷醇钾溶液中。将所得的反应物在室温下搅拌3小时,然后用10mL H2O稀释并用3x5mL EtOAc萃取。合并有机级分并经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩到硅藻土上。通过硅胶柱色谱法使用10-100%EtOAc:Hex梯度纯化,得到期望产物(166mg,0.394mmol)。(m/z):C37H36FN5O5[M+H]+计算值422.2,实测值422。
制备9:4-(8-((2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-5-基)氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚
向5-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯(166mg,0.394mmol)在DCM(500μL)中的搅拌溶液中加入TFA(500μL)。将反应物搅拌2小时,然后真空浓缩,得到粗产物,其为TFA盐。粗产物无需任何进一步纯化即可使用,并且假设产率为100%(127mg,0.394mmol)。(m/z):C19H19N3O2[M+H]+计算值322.2,实测值322。
实例3:1-(5-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-((2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-5-基)氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(127mg,0.395mmol)的DMF溶液(1.98mL)中加入DIPEA(414μL,2.37mmol),然后加入丙烯酰氯(24.1μL,0.296mmol)。将反应物搅拌5分钟,然后真空浓缩。将粗残留物溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并在Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱上通过反相HPLC使用15-50%MeCN:H2O(含0.1%TFA)梯度纯化,得到期望产物(8.6mg,0.023mmol)。(m/z):C19H19N3O2[M+H]+计算值376.2,实测值376.2。
制备10:4-((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向6-溴-8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(560mg,2.80mmol)在DMSO(10ml)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(0.73mL,4.20mmol)。加入4-氨基哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(500mg,1.40mmol),并且将反应物加热至140℃并搅拌16小时。然后,将反应物冷却,并且用水稀释并用EtOAc萃取。有机级分用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,然后减压浓缩以获得粗产物。粗材料通过硅胶柱色谱法使用10%MeOH:DCM溶剂体系纯化,得到期望产物(160mg,0.40mmol)。(m/z):C17H23BrN4O2[M+H]+计算值396.1,实测值396.0。
制备11:4-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向压力管中加入4-((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(160mg,0.406mmol)的二噁烷(12ml)和H2O(3ml)溶液,随后加入(4-羟苯基)硼酸(71mg,0.487mmol)和Na2CO3(91mg,0.812mmol)。将反应混合物用氩气吹扫10分钟,然后加入PdCl2(dppf)(35mg,0.041mmol)。将反应物加热至120℃并搅拌4小时。将反应物冷却,并且用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取,然后用水和盐水溶液洗涤有机相。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,然后减压浓缩,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶柱色谱法用100%EtOAc纯化,得到期望产物。
制备12:4-(8-(哌啶-4-基氨基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚
在0℃下向4-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(100mg,0.245mmol)在DCM(10mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入TFA(1mL)。将所得的反应混合物升温至室温并搅拌1小时。然后,将反应物减压浓缩以获得粗产物。粗产物与二乙醚一起研磨以获得期望产物,其为米色固体。(m/z):C18H20N4O[M+H]+计算值309.1,实测值309.1。
实例4:1-(4-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氨基)哌啶-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(哌啶-4-基氨基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(30mg,0.071mmol)在DMF(355μL)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(75μl,0.426mmol),然后加入丙烯酰氯(5.2μl,0.064mmol)。将反应物搅拌5分钟,然后真空浓缩。将粗残留物溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并在MAC-MOD 21.2x150mm ACE C18-PFP 5μm柱上通过反相HPLC使用10-40%MeCN:H2O(含0.1%TFA)梯度纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(2.3mg,0.006mmol)。(m/z):C21H22N4O2[M+H]+计算值363.2,实测值363.2。
制备13:5-氯-3-氟-2-肼基吡啶
向5-氯-2,3-二氟吡啶(2.0g,13.42mmol)在乙醇(30mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入N2H4.H2O(3.35mL,67.11mmol),并且将反应物回流并搅拌16小时。然后,将反应物冷却并浓缩至原始体积的一半,然后在冰浴中冷却以引起沉淀。将沉淀物过滤并用最少量的EtOH和水洗涤,然后真空干燥以获得期望产物,其为白色粉末(1.9g,11.76mmol)。(m/z):C5H5ClFN3[M+H]+计算值163.0,实测值163.9。
制备14:6-氯-8-氟-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶
向具有分子筛的5-氯-3-氟-2-肼基吡啶(1.0g,6.21mmol)在三乙氧基甲烷(15mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入催化甲酸。将反应物加热至100℃并搅拌5小时。然后,将反应冷却并浓缩,并将粗品与二乙醚一起研磨,得到期望化合物,其为灰白色固体(710mg,4.14mmol)。(m/z):C6H3ClFN3[M+H]+计算值173.0,实测值173.0。
制备15:3-(((6-氯-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向叔丁基6-氯-8-氟-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶(700mg,4.09mmol)在DMSO(20mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入3-(羟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(919mg,4.91mmol)和Cs2CO3(2.66g,8.18mmol),并且将反应物加热至120℃并搅拌8小时。然后,将反应物冷却至室温,然后在水和EtOAc之间分配。分离有机层,用水和盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,然后浓缩,得到粗产物,其为粘稠液体(730mg,2.15mmol)。产物无需任何进一步纯化即可使用。(m/z):C15H19ClN4O3[M+H]+计算值340.1,实测值340.1。
制备16:3-(((6-(4-羟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向3-(((6-氯-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(700mg,2.21mmol)在DME:EtOH:H2O(7:2.3:1)(31mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入(4-羟苯基)硼酸(341mg,2.48mmol)和Na2CO3(655mg,6.18mmol)。将反应混合物用氩气鼓泡15分钟,随后加入PdCl2(dppf)(168mg,0.20mmol)。将反应物加热至120℃并搅拌6小时。反应混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤,垫用EtOAc洗涤,并且滤液用H2O(30mL)稀释。然后,滤液使用EtOAc(2x50mL)萃取。有机层用水洗涤并经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,然后减压浓缩以获得粗产物。通过中性氧化铝色谱法使用10%MeOH:DCM溶剂体系纯化,得到期望产物,其为灰白色固体(400mg,1.00mmol)。(m/z):C21H24N4O4[M+H]+计算值397.1,实测值397.1。
制备17:4-(8-(杂氮环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚
向3-(((6-(4-羟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(350mg,0.88mmol)在DCM(15mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入TFA(2.0mL)。将反应物在室温下搅拌3小时,然后减压浓缩。残余物与二乙醚一起研磨,得到期望产物的TFA盐,其为浅棕色固体(445mg,1.50mmol)。(m/z):C16H16N4O2[M+H]+计算值297.1,实测值297.1。
实例5:1-(3-(((6-(4-羟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)杂氮环丁烷-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(杂氮环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(28mg,0.069mmol)在DMF(344μl)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(72μl,0.412mmol),然后加入丙烯酰氯(5.3μl,0.065mmol)。将反应物运行5分钟,然后在真空中浓缩至干。将粗残留物重新溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并使用Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱通过反相HPLC使用18-45%MeCN:H2O(含0.1%TFA)纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(7.6mg,0.022mmol)。(m/z):C19H18N4O3[M+H]+计算值351.1,实测值351.2。
制备18:3-氯-5-(4-羟苯基)吡嗪-2-甲腈
向3,5-二氯吡嗪-2-甲腈(300mg,1.72mmol)在二噁烷:H2O(5.0mL:1.0mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入(4-羟苯基)硼酸(261mg,1.89mmol),然后加入Cs2CO3(1.1g,3.44mmol)。将反应混合物用氩气吹扫5分钟,然后加入PdCl2(dppf)(140mg,0.17mmol)。然后,将反应物加热至100℃并搅拌3小时。然后,将反应物冷却并通过硅藻土垫过滤,并将滤液减压浓缩,得到粗产物。然后,粗产物通过硅胶柱色谱法使用10-12%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物(140mg,0.60mmol)。通过NOE分析确认区域化学。(m/z):C11H6ClN3O[M+H]+计算值233.0,实测值233.1。
制备19:3-(((3-氰基-6-(4-羟苯基)吡嗪-2-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
在0℃下在装有NaH(矿物油60%分散液)(134mg,3.37mmol)的干燥双颈烧瓶中加入DMF(2.0mL)。向其中加入3-(羟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(637mg,3.37mmol)的DMF(4.0mL)溶液。将反应物在0℃下搅拌30分钟,然后加入3-氯-5-(4-羟苯基)吡嗪-2-甲腈(650mg,2.81mmol)的DMF(4mL)溶液。将反应物在0℃下搅拌30分钟。然后,用冰淬灭反应物并用EtOAc萃取。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,得到粗产物。粗产物通过硅胶柱色谱法使用20-25%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物(610mg,1.60mmol)。(m/z):C20H22N4O4[M+H]+计算值383.1,实测值383.1。
制备20:3-(((3-(氨基甲基)-6-(4-羟苯基)吡嗪-2-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
在装有雷尼镍(1.0g)的干燥烧瓶中加入3-(((3-氰基-6-(4-羟苯基)吡嗪-2-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(400mg,1.04mmol)的MeOH(20mL)溶液,随后加入NH4OH(10mL)。然后,使用气球在氢气气氛下进行反应。将反应物在25℃下搅拌16小时。然后,将反应混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤,并将滤液减压浓缩以获得粗产物(380mg,0.98mmol)。产物无需任何进一步纯化即可使用。(m/z):C20H26N4O4[M+H]+计算值387.2,实测值387.3。
制备21:3-(((3-(甲酰胺基甲基)-6-(4-羟苯基)吡嗪-2-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
在干燥密封的压力管中,将HCO2H(0.53mL,14.25mmol)和Ac2O(0.87mL,9.5mmol)的混合物在70℃下加热2小时。将甲酰化混合物冷却至室温,然后在0℃下加入3-(((3-(氨基甲基)-6-(4-羟苯基)吡嗪-2-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(370mg,0.95mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液。将反应物在室温下搅拌2小时。反应物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩,得到粗产物(360mg,0.87mmol)。粗品无需进一步纯化即可用于后续反应。
制备22:3-(((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
在0℃下向3-(((3-(甲酰胺基甲基)-6-(4-羟苯基)吡嗪-2-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(360mg,0.86mmol)在DCM(15mL)中的搅拌溶液加入TFAA(0.36mL,2.60mmol)。然后,将反应物升温至室温并搅拌16小时。将反应混合物减压浓缩以获得无需任何进一步纯化的粗产物(350mg,0.89mmol)。(m/z):C18H15F3N4O3[M+H]+计算值393.1,实测值393.0。
制备23:4-(8-(杂氮环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪-6-基)苯酚
向0℃下的2,2,2-三氟-1-(3-(((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪-8-基)氧基)甲基)杂氮环丁烷-1-基)乙-1-酮(350mg,0.89mmol)在MeOH(15mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入K2CO3(360mg,2.67mmol)。然后,将反应物升温至室温并搅拌1小时。然后,将反应物减压浓缩以获得粗产物。粗产物通过反相制备型HPLC纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(90mg,0.304mmol)。(m/z):C16H16N4O2[M+H]+计算值297.1,实测值297.0。
实例6:1-(3-(((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪-8-基)氧基)甲基)杂氮环丁烷-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪-6-基)苯酚(28mg,0.069mmol)在DMF(344μl)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(72μl,0.412mmol),然后加入丙烯酰氯(5.3μl,0.065mmol)。将反应物运行5分钟,然后在真空中浓缩至干。将粗残余物溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并使用Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱通过反相HPLC使用18-45%MeCN:H2O(含0.1%TFA)纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(11.9mg,0.034mmol)。(m/z):C19H18N4O3[M+H]+计算值351.1,实测值351.1。
制备24:5-溴-3-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯
向5-溴-3-氟吡啶甲腈(8.0g,39.80mmol)在MeOH(80mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入4NHCl(80mL)。将反应物在回流下搅拌30小时。然后,将反应物减压浓缩,固体残余物用饱和NaHCO3中和并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩以获得粗产物。粗品通过硅胶上急骤色谱法使用8-10%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物,其为白色固体(5.5g,23.5mmol)。(m/z):C7H5BrFNO2[M+H]+计算值234.9,实测值234.9。
制备25:(5-溴-3-氟吡啶-2-基)甲醇
在0℃下向5-溴-3-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯(2x8.0g,34.18mmol)在MeOH:THF(1:1)(2x400ml)中的搅拌溶液中逐部分加入NaBH4(2x3.9g,102.54mmol),然后将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。减压去除溶剂,并且粗残余物用水稀释并用DCM萃取。有机层进一步用水和盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩,得到期望产物,其为白色固体(13.01g,63.15mmol)。(m/z):C6H5BrFNO[M+H]+计算值206.9,实测值207.0。
制备26:5-溴-2-(溴甲基)-3-氟吡啶
在0℃下向(5-溴-3-氟吡啶-2-基)甲醇(13.0g,63.41mmol)在DCM(200ml)中的搅拌溶液中逐滴加入PBr3(36.1mL,380.48mmol)。然后,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌4小时。将反应混合物小心地分小份倒入饱和NaHCO3中,并将pH值维持在约6。然后,溶液用DCM萃取,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。然后,粗产物通过硅胶柱色谱法使用10%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物,其为白色固体(12.05g,44.81mmol)。(m/z):C6H4Br2FN[M+H]+计算值266.8,实测值267.1。
制备27:2-((5-溴-3-氟吡啶-2-基)甲基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮
向5-溴-2-(溴甲基)-3-氟吡啶(12.0g,44.60mmol)在DMF(100ml)中的搅拌溶液中加入邻苯二甲酰亚胺(7.21g,49.07mmol)和K2CO3(12.30g,89.20mmol)。将反应物在室温下搅拌16小时。然后,反应物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并有机级分并用冷水和盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到粗产物。粗产物无需任何进一步纯化即可用于后续反应(15.02g)。(m/z):C14H8BrFN2O2[M+H]+计算值335.9,实测值335.9。
制备28:(5-溴-3-氟吡啶-2-基)甲胺
向2-((5-溴-3-氟吡啶-2-基)甲基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮(15.0g,44.77mmol)在EtOH(300ml)中的搅拌溶液中加入水合肼(6.2mL,134.32mmol)。然后,将反应物在50℃下搅拌6小时。然后,将反应物冷却并减压浓缩,并在高真空下完全干燥。固体残留物用过量DCM稀释,研磨并通过烧结漏斗过滤,并且残留物用DCM洗涤两次。将滤液减压浓缩以获得期望产物,其为浅棕色粘稠液体(9.1g,44.34mmol)。(m/z):C6H6BrFN2[M+H]+计算值205.9,实测值205.8。
制备29:N-((5-溴-3-氟吡啶-2-基)甲基)甲酰胺
在密封管中,将乙酸酐(41.4mL,439.02mmol)和甲酸(19.86mL,526.8mmol)在70℃下搅拌2小时以生成甲酰化混合物。在0℃下向含有于THF(200mL)中的(5-溴-3-氟吡啶-2-基)甲胺(9.0g,43.90mmol)的单独烧瓶中以逐滴方式加入甲酰化混合物。将反应物维持在0℃并搅拌2小时。然后,反应物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩,得到期望产物,其为浅棕色固体(10.5g)。粗产物无需进一步纯化即可用于后续反应。(m/z):C7H6BrFN2O[M+H]+计算值233.9,实测值233.9。
制备30:6-溴-8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶
在0℃下向N-((5-溴-3-氟吡啶-2-基)甲基)甲酰胺(10.5g,45.06mmol)在DCM(100mL)中的搅拌溶液中逐滴加入TFAA(三氟乙酸酐,20.27ml,135.1mmol)。将反应物升温至室温并搅拌3小时。将反应物冷却至0℃,并且用饱和NaHCO3缓慢淬灭并用DCM萃取。将有机层减压浓缩以获得粗产物,所述粗产物通过硅胶柱色谱法使用20-25%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物,其为浅棕色固体(5.05g,23.49mmol)。(m/z):C7H4BrFN2[M+H]+计算值215.9,实测值215.9。
制备31:3-(((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
在室温下向6-溴-8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(1.5g,6.97mmol)在DMSO(20mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入3-(羟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(1.56g,8.37mmol)和Cs2CO3(4.54g,13.94mmol)。将反应物在密封小瓶中在120℃下搅拌6小时。反应物用水稀释并使用EtOAc萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩以获得粗残余物。粗品通过硅胶柱色谱法使用30-40%EtOAc:hex梯度纯化,得到期望产物(1.8g,4.72mmol)。(m/z):C16H20BrN3O3[M+H]+计算值383.0,实测值382.9。
制备32:8-(杂氮环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)-6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶
在氮气气氛下于0℃下向3-(((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(1.8g,4.72mmol)在DCM(18mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入TFA(9.0mL)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2-3小时。然后,将反应物浓缩,并与二乙醚一起研磨,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(2.2g,5.57mmol)。(m/z):C11H12BrN3O[M+H]+计算值283.0,实测值282.9。
制备33:4-(8-(杂氮环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-3,5-二氟苯酚
向8-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)-6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(70mg,0.177mmol)在二噁烷(1.42mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入(2,6-二氟-4-羟苯基)硼酸(40mg,0.230mmol),随后加入碳酸铯(174mg,0.533mmol)的水(354μL)溶液。将反应物密封并加热至110℃过夜。将反应物真空浓缩,并且其无需进一步纯化即可用于后续反应。(m/z):C17H15FN3O2[M+H]+计算值332.1,实测值332。
实例7:1-(3-(((6-(2,6-二氟-4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)杂氮环丁烷-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-3,5-二氟苯酚在DMF(619μl)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(130μl,0.742mmol),然后加入丙烯酰氯(5.03μl,0.062mmol)。将反应物搅拌10分钟,然后真空浓缩。将粗残留物溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,然后使用Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱通过反相HPLC使用10-45%MeCN:H2O梯度(含0.1%TFA)纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(1.4mg,0.004mmol)。(m/z):C20H17F2N3O3[M+H]+计算值386.1,实测值386.1。
制备34:4-(8-(杂氮环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-2,3-二氟苯酚
向8-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)-6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(70mg,0.177mmol)在二噁烷(1.42mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入(2,3-二氟-4-羟苯基)硼酸(40mg,0.230mmol),然后加入碳酸铯(174mg,0.533mmol)的水(354μL)溶液。将反应物密封并加热至110℃过夜。将反应物真空浓缩,并且其无需进一步纯化即可用于后续反应。(m/z):C17H15FN3O2[M+H]+计算值332.1,实测值332。
实例8:1-(3-(((6-(2,3-二氟-4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)杂氮环丁烷-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-2,3-二氟苯酚在DMF(619μl)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(130μl,0.742mmol),然后加入丙烯酰氯(5.03μl,0.062mmol)。将反应物搅拌10分钟,然后真空浓缩。将粗残留物溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,然后使用Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱通过反相HPLC使用10-50%MeCN:H2O梯度(含0.1%TFA)纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(3.3mg,0.009mmol)。(m/z):C20H17F2N3O3[M+H]+计算值386.1,实测值386.1。
制备35:4-(8-(杂氮环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-2-氯-6-甲氧基苯酚
向8-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)-6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(70mg,0.177mmol)在二噁烷(1.42mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入3-氯-4-羟基-5-甲氧基苯基硼酸(47mg,0.230mmol),然后加入碳酸铯(174mg,0.533mmol)的水(354μL)溶液。将反应物密封并加热至110℃过夜。将反应物真空浓缩,并且其无需进一步纯化即可用于后续反应。(m/z):C18H18ClN3O3[M+H]+计算值361.1,实测值361.2。
实例9:1-(3-(((6-(3-氯-4-羟基-5-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)杂氮环丁烷-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-2-氯-6-甲氧基苯酚在DMF(619μl)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(130μl,0.742mmol),然后加入丙烯酰氯(5.03μl,0.062mmol)。将反应物搅拌10分钟,然后真空浓缩。将粗残留物溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,然后使用Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱通过反相HPLC使用10-50%MeCN:H2O梯度(含0.1%TFA)纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(2.8mg,0.007mmol)。(m/z):C21H20ClN3O4[M+H]+计算值415.1,实测值415.2。
制备36:(1R,3S,5S)-3-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-8-羧酸叔丁酯
向0℃下的3-外-羟基-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-8-羧酸叔丁酯(149mg,0.657mmol)的DMF(2.5mL)溶液中加入双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钾溶液(1M,THF溶液)(1.18mL,1.183mmol),并且将反应物在0℃下搅拌10分钟,在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后在0℃下搅拌5分钟。然后,在0℃下将4-(8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(100mg,0.438mmol)的DMF(375uL)溶液加入到所述溶液中,并且将黑色反应物加热至50℃并搅拌2小时。反应物用5mL H2O淬灭并用3x5mL EtOAc萃取。合并有机萃取物并经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩到硅藻土上。通过硅胶柱色谱法使用0-100%梯度纯化,得到产物,其为橙色固体(79mg,0.181mmol)。(m/z):C29H25N3O4[M+H]+计算值436.2,实测值436。
制备37:4-(8-(((1R,3S,5S)-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-基)氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚
向(1R,3S,5S)-3-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-8-羧酸叔丁酯(79mg,0.181mmol)在DCM(500μL)中的搅拌溶液中加入TFA(500μL)。将反应物搅拌2小时,然后真空浓缩,得到粗产物,其为TFA盐。粗产物无需任何进一步纯化即可使用,并且假设产率为100%(61mg,0.181mmol)。(m/z):C20H21N3O2[M+H]+计算值336.2,实测值336。
实例10:1-((1R,3S,5S)-3-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-8-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(((1R,3S,5S)-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-基)氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(61mg,0.136mmol)在DMF(950μL)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(143μL,0.816mmol),然后加入丙烯酰氯(8.84μL,0.015mmol)。将反应物搅拌5分钟并真空浓缩。将粗残留物溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并使用Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱通过反相HPLC使用10-50%MeCN:H2O梯度(含0.1%TFA)纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(12mg,0.031mmol)。(m/z):C23H23N3O3[M+H]+计算值390.2,实测值390.0。
制备38:3-(((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向0℃下的3-(羟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(1.22g,6.51mmol)的DMF(15mL)溶液中加入氢化钠(矿物油60%分散液)(279mg,6.98mmol),并且将反应物升温至室温并搅拌30分钟。然后,将醇盐混悬液逐滴加入4-(8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(50mg,0.219mmol)在DMF(8.25mL)中的搅拌溶液中,并且将所得的反应物升温至室温并搅拌24小时。反应物用60mL H2O猝灭并用3x25mL EtOAc萃取。合并有机萃取物,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩到硅藻土上。粗材料通过硅胶柱色谱法使用0-80%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到产物,其为白色固体(1.48g,3.87mmol)。(m/z):C11H12BrN3O[M+H]+计算值383.0,实测值382.9。
制备39:3-(((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向3-(((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(889mg,2.33mmol)的二噁烷(9.3mL)溶液加入(4-羟苯基)硼酸(385mg,2.79mmol)、磷酸三钾(1481mg,6.98mmol)的水(2.3mL)溶液和二氯[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(ii)二氯甲烷加合物(380mg,0.465mmol)。将小瓶密封并加热至110℃,持续18小时。然后,将反应物冷却并真空浓缩到硅藻土上,得到粗产物。然后,粗产物通过硅胶柱色谱法使用10-100%EtOAc:Hex梯度纯化,得到期望产物。(m/z):C22H25N3O4[M+H]+计算值396.2,实测值396.0。
制备40:4-(8-(杂氮环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚
向3-(((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(671mg,1.697mmol)的DCM(5.0ml)溶液中加入TFA(2.500ml),并且将反应物搅拌1小时。然后,将反应物直接真空浓缩并在高真空下干燥过夜,得到无需任何进一步纯化的粗产物。(m/z):C17H17N3O2[M+H]+计算值296.1,实测值295.9。
实例11:1-(3-(((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)杂氮环丁烷-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(39mg,0.095mmol)在DMF(475μL)中的搅拌溶液中加入DIPEA(83μL,0.475mmol),然后加入丙烯酰氯(7.7μL,0.095mmol)。将反应物搅拌5分钟并真空浓缩。将粗残留物溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并使用Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱通过反相HPLC使用5-45%MeCN:H2O梯度(含0.1%TFA)纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(2.4mg,0.007mmol)。(m/z):C20H19N3O3[M+H]+计算值350.1,实测值350.1。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.19(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.55(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.88(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.80(s,1H),6.32(dd,J=16.9,10.2Hz,1H),6.10(dd,J=16.9,1.8Hz,1H),5.65(dd,J=10.3,1.8Hz,1H),4.47(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.38(t,J=8.6Hz,1H),3.79(dd,J=10.1,5.3Hz,1H)。
制备41:3-(((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向0℃下的3-(羟甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(1.22g,6.51mmol)的DMF(15mL)溶液中加入氢化钠(矿物油60%分散液)(279mg,6.98mmol),并且将反应物升温至室温并搅拌30分钟。然后,将醇盐混悬液逐滴加入4-(8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(50mg,0.219mmol)在DMF(8.25mL)中的搅拌溶液中,并且将所得的反应物升温至室温并搅拌24小时。反应物用60mL H2O猝灭并用3x25mL EtOAc萃取。合并有机萃取物,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩到硅藻土上。粗材料通过硅胶柱色谱法使用0-80%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到产物,其为白色固体(1.48g,3.87mmol)。(m/z):C11H12BrN3O[M+H]+计算值283.0,实测值282.9。
制备42:3-(((6-(3-氯-4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向3-(((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(370mg,0.968mmol)在二噁烷(5.16mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入磷酸三钾(616mg,2.90mmol)的水(1.29mL)溶液、二氯[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(158mg,0.194mmol)和3-氯-4-羟苯基硼酸(200mg,1.16mmol)。将小瓶密封,加热至110℃并搅拌18小时。然后,将反应物冷却至室温并浓缩到硅藻土上。粗材料通过硅胶柱色谱法使用10-100%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物(143mg,0.333mmol)。(m/z):C22H24ClN3O4[M+H]+计算值431.1,实测值431.1。
制备43:4-(8-(杂氮环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-2-氯苯酚
向3-(((6-(3-氯-4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(143mg,0.333mmol)在DCM(500μL)中的搅拌溶液中加入TFA(500μL)。将反应物搅拌2小时,然后真空浓缩,得到粗产物,其为TFA盐。粗产物无需任何进一步纯化即可使用,并且假设产率为100%(110mg,0.333mmol)。(m/z):C17H16ClN3O2[M+H]+计算值331.0,实测值331.2。
实例12:1-(3-(((6-(3-氯-4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)杂氮环丁烷-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-2-氯苯酚(110mg,0.333mmol)的DMF(1.0mL)溶液中加入DIPEA(192μl,1.097mmol),然后逐滴加入丙烯酰氯(16.1μl,0.198mmol)。将反应物搅拌5分钟,然后真空浓缩。将粗材料溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并在Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱上使用10-50%MeCN:H2O(含0.1%TFA)梯度纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(8.6mg,0.022mmol)。(m/z):C20H18ClN3O3[M+H]+计算值385.1,实测值385.2。
制备44:3-(((6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向3-(((6-溴咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(370mg,0.968mmol)在二噁烷(5.16mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入磷酸三钾(616mg,2.90mmol)的水(1.29mL)溶液、二氯[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(158mg,0.194mmol)和3-氟-4-羟苯基硼酸(181mg,1.16mmol)。将小瓶密封,加热至110℃并搅拌18小时。然后,将反应物冷却至室温并浓缩到硅藻土上。粗材料通过硅胶柱色谱法使用10-100%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物(274mg,0.621mmol)。(m/z):C24H28FN3O4[M+H]+计算值442.2,实测值442。
制备45:4-(8-(杂氮环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-5-乙基-2-氟苯酚
向3-(((6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯(274mg,0.621mmol)在DCM(500μL)中的搅拌溶液中加入TFA(500μL)。将反应物搅拌2小时,然后真空浓缩,得到粗产物,其为TFA盐。粗产物无需任何进一步纯化即可使用,并且假设产率为100%(212mg,0.621mmol)。(m/z):C17H16ClN3O2[M+H]+计算值342.1,实测值342。
实例13:1-(3-(((6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)甲基)杂氮环丁烷-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(氮杂环丁烷-3-基甲氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-5-乙基-2-氟苯酚(100mg,0.219mmol)的DMF(1.1mL)溶液中加入DIPEA(192μl,1.097mmol),然后逐滴加入丙烯酰氯(16.1μl,0.198mmol)。将反应物搅拌5分钟,然后真空浓缩。将粗材料溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并在Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱上使用10-50%MeCN:H2O(含0.1%TFA)梯度纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(2.1mg,0.005mmol)。(m/z):C22H22FN3O3[M+H]+计算值396.16,实测值396.1。
制备46:3,3-二氟-4-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向0℃下的3,3-二氟-4-羟基哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯在DMF(1.64mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入六甲基二硅氮烷钾(1.0M,THF溶液)(1775μl,1.775mmol),并且将反应物升温至室温并搅拌20分钟。将醇盐溶液冷却至0℃并加入4-(8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(150mg,0.657mmol)溶液。将所得的反应物在室温下搅拌3小时,然后用10mL H2O稀释并用3x5mLEtOAc萃取。合并有机萃取物并经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩到硅藻土上。通过硅胶柱色谱法使用10-100%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物(176mg,0.394mmol)。(m/z):C23H25F2N3O4[M+H]+计算值446.1,实测值446。
制备47:4-(8-((3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚
向3,3-二氟-4-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(176mg,0.394mmol)在DCM(500μL)中的搅拌溶液中加入TFA(500μL)。将反应物搅拌2小时,然后真空浓缩,得到粗产物,其为TFA盐。粗产物无需任何进一步纯化即可使用,并且假设产率为100%(136mg,0.394mmol)。(m/z):C18H17F2N3O2[M+H]+计算值346.1,实测值346。
实例14:1-(3,3-二氟-4-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)哌啶-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-((3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(136mg,0.395mmol)的DMF(1.98mL)溶液中加入DIPEA(414μl,2.37mmol),然后逐滴加入丙烯酰氯(24.1μl,0.296mmol)。将反应物搅拌5分钟,然后真空浓缩。将粗材料溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并在Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱上使用20-35%MeCN:H2O(含0.1%TFA)梯度纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(5.6mg,0.014mmol)。(m/z):C21H19F2N3O3[M+H]+计算值400.1,实测值400.1。
制备48:(2R,4R)-4-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)-2-甲基哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向(2R,4R)-4-羟基-2-甲基哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(170mg,0.789mmol)在DMF(1.3mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入KHMDS(1.0M,THF溶液)(1.42mL,1.42mmol)。然后,将4-(8-氟咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(120mg,0.526mmol)的DMF(1.3mL)溶液加入到醇钾溶液中。将反应物在50℃下搅拌2小时,然后冷却至室温。反应混合物用H2O(10mL)稀释并用3x5mL EtOAc萃取。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩到硅藻土上。通过硅胶柱色谱法使用0-100%EtOAc:己烷梯度纯化,得到期望产物(49mg,0.116mmol)。(m/z):C24H29N3O4[M+H]+计算值424.2,实测值424.2。
制备49:(2R,4R)-4-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)-2-甲基哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向(2R,4R)-4-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)-2-甲基哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯在DCM(1.0mL)中的搅拌溶液中加入TFA(1.0mL),并且将反应物在室温下搅拌2小时。然后,将反应物减压浓缩,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(51mg,0.116mmol)。粗产物无需任何进一步纯化即可使用。(m/z):C19H21N3O2[M+H]+计算值324.1,实测值324.2。
实例15:1-((2R,4R)-4-((6-(4-羟苯基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基)氧基)-2-甲基哌啶-1-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
向4-(8-(((2R,4R)-2-甲基哌啶-4-基)氧基)咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯酚(51mg,0.117mmol)的DMF(585μL)溶液中加入DIPEA(123μL,0.702mmol),然后逐滴加入丙烯酰氯(7.6μl,0.094mmol)。将反应物搅拌5分钟,然后真空浓缩。将粗材料溶解在~1:1AcOH:H2O中,并在Phenomenex 21.2x250mm Luna Axia C18柱上使用10-50%MeCN:H2O(含0.1%TFA)梯度纯化,得到期望产物,其为TFA盐(7.8mg,0.021mmol)。(m/z):C22H23N3O3[M+H]+计算值478.1,实测值478.0。
表1中的化合物16到52通过类似的合成方法使用适当的起始材料制备。
表1
生物测定
本公开的化合物已在一或多种以下生物测定中表征。
测定1:生化JAK和Tyk2激酶测定
一组四种LanthaScreen JAK生化测定(JAK1、2、3和Tyk2)在通用激酶反应缓冲液(50mM HEPES,pH 7.5、0.01%Brij-35、10mM MgCl2和1mM EGTA)中进行。重组GST标记的JAK酶和GFP标记的STAT1肽底物购自生命技术(Life Technologies)。
连续或不连续稀释的化合物与四种JAK酶中的每一种和底物在白色384孔微孔板(康宁(Corning))中在环境温度下预温育1小时。随后加入ATP以启动激酶反应,总体积为10μL,含1%DMSO。JAK1、2、3和Tyk2的最终酶浓度分别为4.2nM、0.1nM、1nM和0.25nM;所使用的相对应Km ATP浓度为25μM、3μM、1.6μM和10μM;而四种测定的底物浓度均为200nM。在加入EDTA(10mM最终浓度)和Tb-抗pSTAT1(pTyr701)抗体(生命技术,2nM最终浓度)在TR-FRET稀释缓冲液(生命技术)中的10μL制剂之前,允许激酶反应在环境温度下进行1小时。在EnVision酶标仪(珀金埃尔默(Perkin Elmer))上读取之前,允许板在环境温度下温育1小时。记录发射比信号(520nm/495nm),并利用其计算基于DMSO和背景对照的抑制百分比值。
对于剂量-反应分析,将抑制百分比数据相对于化合物浓度进行作图,IC50值使用Prism软件(GraphPad软件)由4参数稳健拟合模型确定。结果被表示为pIC50(IC50的负对数),随后使用Cheng-Prusoff方程转换为pKi(解离常数Ki的负对数)。
测定2:细胞JAK3效力测定:Tall-1 T细胞中的IL-2刺激pSTAT5的抑制
使用AlphaLisa在Tall-1人T细胞系(DSMZ)中测量测试化合物抑制白介素-2(IL-2)刺激STAT5磷酸化的效力。由于IL-2通过JAK3进行信号传导,因此本测定提供了JAK3细胞效力的量度。
经由AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra pSTAT5(Tyr694/699)试剂盒(珀金埃尔默)测量磷酸化STAT5。
在37℃、5%CO2加湿培养箱中在RPMI(生命技术)(补充有15%热灭活胎牛血清(FBS,生命技术)、2mM Glutamax(生命技术)、25mM HEPES(生命技术)和1X Pen/Strep(生命技术))中培养来自Tall-1细胞系的人T细胞。将化合物在DMSO中连续稀释,并通过声学分配到空孔中。分配测定培养基(无酚红DMEM(生命技术),补充有10%FBS(ATCC))(4μL/孔),并以900rpm振荡板10分钟。将细胞以45,000个细胞/孔接种在测定培养基(4μL/孔)中,并在37℃、5%CO2下温育1小时,随后在预加温30分钟的测定培养基(4μL)中加入IL-2(R&D系统;最终浓度为300ng/ml)。在细胞因子刺激之后,用6ul含有1x PhosStop和Complete片剂(罗氏(Roche))的3x AlphaLisa裂解缓冲液(珀金埃尔默)裂解细胞。裂解物在室温(RT)下以900rpm振荡10分钟。经由pSTAT5 AlphaLisa试剂盒(珀金埃尔默)测量磷酸化STAT5。在绿色过滤<100勒克斯的光下将新鲜制备的受体珠粒混合物分配到裂解物(5μL)上。板以900rpm振荡2分钟,短暂离心,并在室温下避光温育2小时。在绿色过滤<100勒克斯的光下分配(5μL)供体珠粒。板以900rpm振荡2分钟,短暂离心,并在室温下避光温育过夜。在绿色过滤<100勒克斯的光下使用EnVision酶标仪(珀金埃尔默)以689nm激发和570nm发射测量发光。
为了确定测试化合物响应于IL-2的抑制效力,在人T细胞系中测量了与pSTAT5结合的珠粒的平均发射强度。从信号强度相对于化合物浓度的抑制曲线的分析确定IC50值。数据被表示为pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)值(平均值±标准偏差)。
测定3:从鼠脾细胞分离的CD4+T细胞中的IL-2刺激pSTAT5的抑制
使用AlphaLisa在从鼠脾细胞分离的CD4+T细胞中测量测试化合物抑制白介素-2(IL-2)刺激STAT5磷酸化的效力。由于IL-2通过JAK3进行信号传导,因此本测定提供了小鼠中的JAK3细胞效力的量度。
经由AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra pSTAT5(Tyr694/699)试剂盒(珀金埃尔默)测量磷酸化STAT5。
经由磁性柱(美天旎生物科技(Miltnyi Biotec))上的负选择从鼠脾细胞分离CD4+T细胞,并将其重新混悬在测定培养基中(无酚红DMEM(生命技术),补充有10%FBS(ATCC))。将细胞以50,000个细胞/孔接种在测定培养基(2μL/孔)中。将化合物在DMSO中连续稀释,并在测定培养基中稀释至2x最终浓度。加入化合物(4μl/孔),在37℃、5%CO2下温育细胞1小时,随后在预加温30分钟的测定培养基(2μL)中加入IL-2(R&D系统;最终浓度为7ng/ml)。在细胞因子刺激之后,用2μl 5x AlphaLisa裂解缓冲液(珀金埃尔默)裂解细胞。裂解物在室温(RT)下以900rpm振荡10分钟。经由pSTAT5AlphaLisa试剂盒(珀金埃尔默)测量磷酸化STAT5。在绿色过滤<100勒克斯的光下将新鲜制备的受体珠粒混合物分配到裂解物(5ul)上。板以900rpm振荡2分钟,短暂离心,并在室温下避光温育2小时。在绿色过滤<100勒克斯的光下分配(5μl)供体珠粒。板以900rpm振荡2分钟,短暂离心,并在室温下避光温育过夜。在绿色过滤<100勒克斯的光下使用EnVision酶标仪(珀金埃尔默)以689nm激发和570nm发射测量发光。
为了确定测试化合物响应于IL-2的抑制效力,在从鼠脾细胞分离的原代CD4+T细胞中测量了与pSTAT5结合的珠粒的平均发射强度。从信号强度相对于化合物浓度的抑制曲线的分析确定IC50值。数据被表示为pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)值(平均值±标准偏差)。
在本测定中,化合物7、8、9、11、12、13、15、20、24、28、31和34的pIC50值均超过6.0。
测定4:JAK细胞毒性测定
在正常生长条件下,在BEAS-2B人肺上皮细胞(ATCC)中进行CellTiter-Glo发光细胞活力/细胞毒性测定。
在37℃下,在5%CO2加湿培养箱中在50%DMEM/50%F-12培养基(生命技术)(补充有10%FBS(海克隆(Hyclone))、100U/mL青霉素、100μg/mL链霉素(生命技术)和2mMGlutaMAX(生命技术))中生长细胞。在测定的第1天,将细胞以500个细胞/孔的密度接种在具有25μL培养基的白色384孔组织培养板(康宁)中,并使其在培养箱中粘附过夜。在测定的第2天,加入5μL含有测试化合物的剂量-反应的培养基,并在37℃下温育48小时。随后加入30μL CellTiter-Glo检测溶液(普洛麦格(Promega)),在定轨振荡器上混合5分钟,然后再温育10分钟,随后在EnVision酶标仪上读取。记录发光信号并计算DMSO对照值百分比。
对于剂量-反应分析,将DMSO对照数据百分比相对于化合物浓度进行作图以通过将每个数据点连线而得出剂量-反应曲线。每个曲线与15%抑制阈值交叉处的浓度被定义为CC15。结果被表示为CC15值的负对数,即pCC15。
预期在本测定中表现出较低pCC15值的测试化合物引起细胞毒性的可能性较小。在本测定中测试的本公开的化合物通常表现出介于5和约6之间的pCC15值。
测定5:Caco-2渗透测定
进行Caco-2渗透测定以对测试化合物在口服施用之后通过肠道并进入血流的能力进行建模。确定了溶液中的测试化合物渗透细胞单层(其被设计成模拟人小肠单层的紧密连接)的速率。
CacoReady 24孔transwell板购自ADMEcell(阿拉梅达,加利福尼亚)。以5μM的浓度从10mM DMSO储备溶液评估化合物,一式两份(n=2)。使用Caco-2细胞单层以及维拉帕米(25μM)(用于抑制顶侧到基底侧(A-B)方向的P-gp转运蛋白)来评估测试化合物的被动渗透性。实验在37℃、5%CO2培养箱中进行。Caco-2培养基由标准过滤的DMEM、FCS 10%、L-谷氨酰胺1%和PenStrep 1%组成。通过向A-B孔中加入750μL转运缓冲液来制备基底测定板。通过从顶侧孔去除Caco 2培养基并更换为新鲜的转运培养基(重复200μL,总共洗涤3次)来制备CacoReadyTM板。然后,将空白培养基(200μL)更换为A-B孔的稀释化合物。为了开始温育,从培养箱去除基底板,并在其顶部添加顶侧部分。在时间零(t0)从顶侧室和基底室收集样品(40μL)。在120分钟(t120)之后再次从顶侧室和基底室收集样品。稀释并制备所有样品以用于通过LC-MS/MS进行生物分析。以cm/秒为单位的渗透系数(Kp,平均A到B+维拉帕米Papparent)被计算为dQ(通量)/(dt x面积x浓度)。
在本测定中,小于大约5x10-6cm/秒的Kp值被认为有利于最小化全身暴露并靶向结肠。小于大约10x10-6cm/秒的Kp值也可能足以最小化全身暴露并靶向结肠。相比之下,PF-06651600是一种全身可用的JAK3抑制剂(2-丙烯-1-酮,1-[(2S,5R)-2-甲基-5-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基氨基)-1-哌啶基]),其Kp值为25。
体外测定结果
实例1到52的所有化合物在上述一或多种测定中进行测试。
在以下表2中,对于JAK1、JAK2、JAK3和TYK2酶测定,A表示pKi值≥10(Ki≤0.1nM),B表示pKi值介于9和10之间(Ki介于1nM和0.1nM之间),C表示pKi值介于8和9之间(Ki介于10nM和1nM之间),D表示pKi值介于7和8之间(Ki介于100nM和10nM之间),而E表示pKi值为7或以下(Ki为100nM或以上)。对于Tall-1效力测定,A表示pIC50值≥7.5(IC50≤32nM),B表示pIC50值介于6.7(包含)和7.5之间(IC50介于200nM和32nM之间),而C表示pIC50值介于6和6.7之间(IC50介于1μM和200nM之间)。对于JAK3(pKi)-JAK1(pKi)值,A表示值为3或以上,B表示值为2.3到3,而C表示值为1.8到2.3。对于Caco测定,A表示值低于5x10-6cm/秒,B表示值介于5x10-6和10x10-6cm/秒之间,而C表示值介于10x10-6和25x10-6cm/秒之间。
表2
测定6:结肠和血浆小鼠药代动力学
通过PO施用,在1%HPMC+0.1%吐温-80中向6只雄性Balb/c小鼠施用10mg/kg化合物。在剂量施用之后0.5、2和6小时,将动物麻醉,并通过心脏穿刺收集末梢血液样品,随后收集结肠内容物和结肠组织。
将血液样品收集到K2EDTA中并储存在湿冰上,直到通过离心(12,000rpm,4℃)处理成血浆。将血浆样品转移到集束管中并在冷冻储存之前置于干冰上。在每个末梢血液收集时间点收集来自每只动物的结肠内容物。结肠组织用盐水冲洗并拍干。使用含有0.1%甲酸9:1(水:组织,v/w)的无菌水将结肠和结肠内容物组织均质化。将均质化的组织和结肠内容物转移到集束管并在冷冻储存之前置于干冰上。使用LC/MS/MS对照分析标准对所有样品进行分析。
使用Phoenix WinNonlin版本6(Certara,圣路易斯,密苏里)并使用来自2只动物/时间点的平均值,通过非区室分析确定化合物的复合药代动力学参数。对于低于定量限(BQL)的血浆浓度,使用可测量的最低浓度或BLOQ(最低定量限)。
结肠/血浆比被确定为结肠AUC与血浆AUC的比率。化合物12、13、16和24表现出的结肠/血浆比超过200。化合物15表现出的结肠/血浆比超过30。化合物30表现出的结肠/血浆比超过8。
相比之下,参考化合物(PF-06651600,其是一种全身可用的JAK3抑制剂)2-丙烯-1-酮,1-[(2S,5R)-2-甲基-5-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基氨基)-1-哌啶基]表现出的结肠/血浆比为2.8
尽管已经参考本发明的具体方面或实施例描述了本发明,但是本领域普通技术人员将理解,在不脱离本发明的真实精神和范围的情况下,可以做出各种改变或者可以替换等效内容。此外,在适用的专利法令和法规允许的范围内,本文引用的所有出版物、专利和专利申请均通过引用整体并入本文,其程度与每个文件已单独通过引用并入本文相同。
Claims (39)
1.一种式(I)的化合物,
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
X1和X2各自独立地选自N和CH;
Ra、Rb、Rc和Rf各自独立地选自由以下组成的群组:H和C1-3烷基;
Rd、Re、Rg、Rh、Ri、Rj、Rl、Rm、Rn和Ro各自独立地选自由以下组成的群组:H和C1-3烷基,其中所述C1-3烷基基团可能任选地被1到3个卤素取代;
A选自由以下组成的群组:
(a)4到8元单环杂环基团,其含有一个氮原子并任选地含有一个选自N、S、S(O)2和O的另外的杂原子,和
(b)6到10元多环杂环基团,其含有一个氮原子并任选地含有一个选自N、S、S(O)2和O的另外的杂原子,
其中L与A中的碳原子连接,并且A任选地被1到3个Rk基团取代;
每个Rk独立地选自由以下组成的群组:F、CN、C1-3烷氧基和C1-3烷基,其中所述C1-3烷基可能任选地被OH、OMe或1到3个卤素取代;
R1选自由以下组成的群组:
其中Rp和Rq各自独立地选自由以下组成的群组:H、C3-5环烷基和C1-6烷基;
R2选自由以下组成的群组:H、Cl、OMe、Me和F;
R3选自由以下组成的群组:H、Me、Et、CF3、OMe和F;
R4选自由以下组成的群组:H、Me、OMe、Cl和F;并且
R5选自由以下组成的群组:H、Me、Et和F。
7.根据权利要求4到6中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中A选自由以下组成的群组:氮杂环丁烷、吡咯烷、哌啶、2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷和去甲托烷,其中A任选地被1到3个Rk基团取代。
8.根据权利要求4到7中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中A选自由以下组成的群组:氮杂环丁烷和哌啶,其中A任选地被1到3个Rk基团取代。
17.一种药物组合物,其包括根据权利要求1到16中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的载剂。
18.根据权利要求17所述的药物组合物,其进一步包括一或多种用于治疗胃肠炎性疾病的其它治疗剂。
19.根据权利要求1到16中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其用于治疗哺乳动物中的胃肠炎性疾病。
20.根据权利要求19所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病选自由以下组成的群组:免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的结肠炎、CTLA-4抑制剂诱发的结肠炎、移植物抗宿主病相关的结肠炎、胶原性结肠炎、淋巴细胞性结肠炎、白塞氏病、回肠炎、嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎和感染性结肠炎。
21.根据权利要求19所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病是溃疡性结肠炎。
22.根据权利要求19所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病是克罗恩氏病。
23.根据权利要求19所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病是乳糜泻。
24.一种根据权利要求1到16中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制造用于治疗哺乳动物中的胃肠炎性疾病的医药中的用途。
25.根据权利要求24所述的用途,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病选自由以下组成的群组:免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的结肠炎、CTLA-4抑制剂诱发的结肠炎、移植物抗宿主病相关的结肠炎、胶原性结肠炎、淋巴细胞性结肠炎、白塞氏病、回肠炎、嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎和感染性结肠炎。
26.根据权利要求24所述的用途,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病是溃疡性结肠炎。
27.根据权利要求24所述的用途,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病是克罗恩氏病。
28.根据权利要求24所述的用途,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病是乳糜泻。
29.根据权利要求1到16中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其用于治疗哺乳动物中的炎性皮肤病。
30.根据权利要求1到16中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其用于治疗皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤。
31.一种根据权利要求1到16中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制造用于治疗哺乳动物中的炎性皮肤病的医药中的用途。
32.一种根据权利要求1到16中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制造用于治疗皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的医药中的用途。
33.一种治疗哺乳动物中的胃肠炎性疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用根据权利要求1到16中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的载剂。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病选自由以下组成的群组:免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的结肠炎、CTLA-4抑制剂诱发的结肠炎、移植物抗宿主病相关的结肠炎、乳糜泻、胶原性结肠炎、淋巴细胞性结肠炎、白塞氏病、回肠炎、嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎和感染性结肠炎。
35.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病是溃疡性结肠炎。
36.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病是克罗恩氏病。
37.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述胃肠炎性疾病是乳糜泻。
38.一种治疗哺乳动物中的炎性皮肤病的方法,所述方法包括将包括根据权利要求1到16中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物施涂于所述哺乳动物的皮肤。
39.一种治疗哺乳动物中的皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的方法,所述方法包括将包括根据权利要求1到16中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物施涂于所述哺乳动物的皮肤。
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- 2020-01-22 JP JP2021542144A patent/JP2022518741A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-01-22 CA CA3125039A patent/CA3125039A1/en active Pending
- 2020-01-22 US US16/749,035 patent/US10851102B2/en active Active
- 2020-10-23 US US16/949,280 patent/US11339160B2/en active Active
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WO2020154350A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
JP2022518741A (ja) | 2022-03-16 |
US20200231590A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
US10851102B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
US20210040085A1 (en) | 2021-02-11 |
CA3125039A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
EP3914348A1 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
US11339160B2 (en) | 2022-05-24 |
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