CN113483479B - Auxiliary service method and system combining variable frequency air conditioner and energy storage battery - Google Patents
Auxiliary service method and system combining variable frequency air conditioner and energy storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/86—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling compressors within refrigeration or heat pump circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
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Abstract
The invention provides an auxiliary service method and system combining a variable frequency air conditioner and an energy storage battery, which comprises the following steps: calculating the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature through an equivalent thermal parameter model; when the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, judging whether the indoor temperature is stable according to the real-time change rate, and if so, calculating a response capacity range according to an acceptable temperature range preset by a user; acquiring the capacity to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and if the capacity to be scheduled does not exceed the response capacity range, adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on a hysteresis control mode; and when the power of the variable frequency air conditioner is inconsistent with the capacity to be scheduled after the frequency is adjusted, compensating by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery. The invention avoids response delay and response deviation when the auxiliary service is carried out by the single variable frequency air conditioner, reduces the battery capacity required by the single energy storage battery to participate in the response, and reduces the auxiliary service cost on the premise of ensuring the response certainty and flexibility of the auxiliary service.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of auxiliary service of an electric power market, and particularly relates to an auxiliary service method and system combining a variable frequency air conditioner and an energy storage battery.
Background
With the increasingly prominent problems of energy, environment and climate change, the development of renewable energy becomes a new trend of the development of world energy. Renewable energy sources represented by photovoltaic and wind power have intermittent and random output, cannot provide determined power generation capacity like a traditional unit, and can bring challenges to safe and stable operation of a power system after a large amount of grid connection.
Auxiliary services of the power system include frequency modulation, standby, peak shaving and the like, and are mainly provided by a unit on the power generation side at present. With the further improvement of the new energy permeability, the traditional auxiliary service resources are gradually difficult to meet the system requirements. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system, the load side resource participates in the auxiliary service of the power system, so that an effective solution is provided. The air conditioner is a high power consumption ratio of the load side resource represented by the air conditioner, and is an ideal resource for providing auxiliary service scheduling capacity, but the response of the air conditioner has uncertainty, the determined power cannot be changed within a determined time, and the actual capacity requirement of the auxiliary service of the power system is difficult to meet. Energy storage devices represented by energy storage batteries can change determined power within a determined time, but the cost of the energy storage batteries is still high at present, and the energy storage batteries are difficult to be applied to auxiliary services of a power system in a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an auxiliary service method combining a variable frequency air conditioner and an energy storage battery, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature through an equivalent thermal parameter model;
when the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, judging whether the indoor temperature is stable according to the real-time change rate, and if so, calculating a response capacity range according to an acceptable temperature range preset by a user;
acquiring the capacity to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and if the capacity to be scheduled does not exceed the response capacity range, adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on a hysteresis control mode;
and when the power of the variable frequency air conditioner is inconsistent with the capacity to be scheduled after the frequency is adjusted, compensating by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery.
Optionally, the equivalent thermal parameter model is:
T air is the indoor temperature of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located, t represents time,
representing the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is positioned, C air Is the heat capacity of air, T out Is the outdoor temperature, Q, of the room in which the variable frequency air conditioner is located gain For the heat exchange power, Q, of the room in which the inverter air conditioner is located AC Is the power of the inverter air conditioner, Q solar Thermal power, Q, for solar radiation app For the heat-generating power of other appliances in the room, wherein T air 、T out Is a real number, R, C air 、Q gain 、Q AC 、Q solar And Q app The value range of (b) is positive.
Optionally, when the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, whether the indoor temperature is stable is judged according to the real-time change rate, and if so, the response capacity range is calculated according to the acceptable temperature range preset by the user, including:
when the real-time change rate is smaller than a preset threshold epsilon in a preset time period, judging that the indoor temperature is stable;
obtaining an acceptable temperature range preset by a user, wherein the acceptable temperature range comprises a minimum temperature T acceptable by the user min And a maximum temperature T max ；
Calculating a response capacity range of
Wherein, Δ Q AC The variable quantity M of the power of the variable frequency air conditioner after the demand response AC Indicating frequency conversionOperating mode of air conditioner, M AC Is 1 denotes that the air conditioner is in a cooling mode, M AC A value of-1 indicates that the air conditioner is in a heating mode, T set In order to set the temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located.
Optionally, the obtaining of the capacity to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and if the capacity to be scheduled does not exceed the response capacity range, adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on a hysteresis control manner includes:
acquiring the to-be-scheduled capacity delta P of the auxiliary service, and performing hysteresis adjustment on the set temperature based on a formula when the delta P is in the response capacity range;
wherein, Delta T is the adjustment amount of the set temperature, Delta T is greater than zero to indicate the set temperature is increased, Delta T is less than zero to indicate the set temperature is decreased, and Delta P T+2.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with the frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with the frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 3 ℃, delta P T+1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃, delta P T-1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃, delta P T-2.5 The average value of the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air conditioner power when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃ and the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air conditioner power when the set temperature is reduced by 3 ℃;
and adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on the linear relation between the adjustment amount of the set temperature and the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner.
Optionally, a mapping relationship between the variable power of the inverter air conditioner and the adjustment value of the set temperature is
Wherein, Δ P AC Indicating frequency conversionAmount of change in air conditioner power, M AC Indicating the mode of operation of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Is 1 denotes that the air conditioner is in a cooling mode, M AC Is-1 represents the air conditioner is in heating mode, T set To set the temperature before adjustment, T reset And R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located for the adjusted set temperature.
Optionally, when the power of the variable frequency air conditioner after the frequency adjustment is inconsistent with the capacity to be scheduled, the compensation is performed by adjusting the charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery, including:
based on the mapping relation and constraint conditions of the charge-discharge power of the charge state of the energy storage battery, the charge-discharge power is adjusted by controlling the charge state of the energy storage battery, so that the sum of the charge-discharge power and the power of the variable-frequency air conditioner is consistent with the capacity to be scheduled, and the mapping relation of the charge-discharge power of the charge state of the energy storage battery is that
Wherein S is SOC (t) is the state of charge of the energy storage cell at time t, S SOC (t-1) is the state of charge of the energy storage cell at time t-1, P bat (t-1) is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery at the t-1 moment, and C is the capacity of the energy storage battery;
the constraint conditions comprise charge and discharge power constraint and charge state constraint, wherein the charge and discharge power constraint is
Wherein,
represents the maximum charging power of the energy storage battery,
representing the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery;
the state of charge is constrained to
Wherein,
represents the minimum state of charge of the energy storage battery,
representing the maximum state of charge of the energy storage battery.
The invention also provides an auxiliary service system combining a variable frequency air conditioner and an energy storage battery based on the same idea, which comprises the following components:
the first calculation unit: the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature is calculated through the equivalent thermal parameter model;
a second calculation unit: the system is used for judging whether the indoor temperature is stable or not according to the real-time change rate when the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, and if so, calculating the response capacity range according to the acceptable temperature range preset by a user;
a demand response unit: the frequency control method comprises the steps of obtaining the capacity to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and if the capacity to be scheduled does not exceed the response capacity range, adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on a hysteresis control mode;
a compensation unit: and the frequency control unit is used for compensating by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery when the power of the variable frequency air conditioner is inconsistent with the capacity to be scheduled after the frequency is adjusted.
Optionally, the equivalent thermal parameter model is:
T air is the indoor temperature of the room where the inverter air conditioner is located, t represents time,
real-time variation of indoor temperatureConversion rate, R is equivalent thermal resistance of room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located, C air Is the heat capacity of air, T out Is the outdoor temperature, Q, of the room in which the variable frequency air conditioner is located gain For the heat exchange power, Q, of the room in which the inverter air conditioner is located AC Is the power of the inverter air conditioner, Q solar Being thermal power of solar radiation, Q app For the heat-generating power of other electrical appliances in the room, wherein T air 、T out Is a real number, R, C air 、Q gain 、Q AC 、Q solar And Q app The value range of (a) is positive.
Optionally, the second computing unit is specifically configured to:
when the real-time change rate is smaller than a preset threshold epsilon in a preset time period, judging that the indoor temperature is stable;
obtaining an acceptable temperature range preset by a user, wherein the acceptable temperature range comprises a minimum temperature T acceptable by the user min And a maximum temperature T max ；
Calculating a response capacity range of
Wherein, Δ Q AC Is the power variation quantity after the demand response of the variable frequency air conditioner, M AC Indicating the mode of operation of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Is 1 denotes that the air conditioner is in a cooling mode, M AC Is-1 represents the air conditioner is in heating mode, T set In order to set the temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located.
Optionally, the demand response unit is specifically configured to:
acquiring the to-be-scheduled capacity delta P of the auxiliary service, and performing hysteresis adjustment on the set temperature based on a formula when the delta P is in the response capacity range;
wherein, Δ TFor the adjustment of the set temperature, Δ T greater than zero indicates an increase in the set temperature, Δ T less than zero indicates a decrease in the set temperature, Δ P T+2.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with the frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with the frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 3 ℃, delta P T+1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃, delta P T-1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃, delta P T-2.5 The average value of the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air conditioner power when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃ and the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air conditioner power when the set temperature is reduced by 3 ℃;
and adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on the linear relation between the adjustment amount of the set temperature and the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the room temperature change and the variable frequency air conditioner power are obtained through the equivalent thermal parameter model, the response delay and the response deviation in the response process of the variable frequency air conditioner are compensated by using the flexible power handling characteristic of the energy storage battery, meanwhile, the response capacity of the variable frequency air conditioner effectively reduces the response capacity of the energy storage battery, the combined response of the variable frequency air conditioner and the energy storage battery is realized, the response delay and the response deviation when the auxiliary service is carried out through the variable frequency air conditioner singly are avoided, the battery capacity required by the response of the single energy storage battery is reduced, and the auxiliary service cost is reduced on the premise of ensuring the response certainty and flexibility of the auxiliary service.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an auxiliary service method combining an inverter air conditioner and an energy storage battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a line graph of power changes of the inverter air conditioner and the energy storage battery during auxiliary service;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of an auxiliary service system combining a variable frequency air conditioner and an energy storage battery according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the structure and advantages of the present invention clearer, the structure of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an auxiliary service method combining an inverter air conditioner and an energy storage battery, including:
s1: calculating the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature through an equivalent thermal parameter model;
s2: when the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, judging whether the indoor temperature is stable according to the real-time change rate, and if so, calculating a response capacity range according to an acceptable temperature range preset by a user;
s3: acquiring the capacity to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and if the capacity to be scheduled does not exceed the response capacity range, adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on a hysteresis control mode;
s4: and when the power of the variable frequency air conditioner is inconsistent with the capacity to be scheduled after the frequency is adjusted, compensating by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery.
The room temperature change and the variable frequency air conditioner power are obtained through the equivalent thermal parameter model, the response delay and the response deviation in the response process of the variable frequency air conditioner are compensated by using the flexible power handling characteristic of the energy storage battery, meanwhile, the response capacity of the variable frequency air conditioner effectively reduces the response capacity of the energy storage battery, the combined response of the variable frequency air conditioner and the energy storage battery is realized, the response delay and the response deviation when the auxiliary service is carried out through the variable frequency air conditioner singly are avoided, the battery capacity required by the response of the single energy storage battery is reduced, and the auxiliary service cost is reduced on the premise of ensuring the response certainty and flexibility of the auxiliary service.
In the embodiment, the indoor temperature change is calculated quantitatively, and the real-time change condition of the indoor temperature is calculated by utilizing an equivalent thermal parameter model according to the outdoor temperature, the refrigerating/heating power of the variable frequency air conditioner and the indoor and outdoor heat exchange power before the indoor temperature does not reach the set temperature; and after the indoor temperature reaches and stabilizes at the set temperature of the air conditioner, calculating the refrigerating/heating power of the air conditioner by using the equivalent thermal parameter model according to the outdoor temperature, the indoor temperature and the indoor and outdoor heat exchange power. The equivalent thermal parameter model is as follows:
T air is the indoor temperature of the room where the inverter air conditioner is located, t represents time,
representing the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is positioned, C air Is the heat capacity of air, T out Is the outdoor temperature, Q, of the room in which the variable frequency air conditioner is located gain For the heat exchange power, Q, of the room in which the inverter air conditioner is located AC Is the power of the inverter air conditioner, Q solar Being thermal power of solar radiation, Q app For the heat-generating power of other electrical appliances in the room, wherein T air 、T out Is a real number, R, C air 、Q gain 、Q AC 、Q solar And Q app The value range of (a) is positive.
For a certain user, the parameters of the room and the air conditioner are determined, the user sets an acceptable temperature range in advance, and then the response capacity range of the single user, namely how much capacity the variable frequency air conditioner can provide to respond to the requirement of the auxiliary service is determined based on the information. In this embodiment, when the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, whether the indoor temperature is stable is determined according to the real-time change rate, and if so, the response capacity range is calculated according to the acceptable temperature range preset by the user, including:
when the real-time change rates are all smaller than a preset threshold epsilon within a preset time period, normally setting the preset threshold epsilon to be a positive number smaller than 1, indicating that the real-time change rates are converged and approach to 0, and judging that the indoor temperature is stable;
obtaining an acceptable temperature range preset by a user, wherein the acceptable temperature range comprises a minimum temperature T acceptable by the user min And a maximum temperature T max ；
Calculating a response capacity range of
Wherein, Δ Q AC The variable quantity M of the power of the variable frequency air conditioner after the demand response AC Indicating the mode of operation of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Is 1 denotes that the air conditioner is in a cooling mode, M AC A value of-1 indicates that the air conditioner is in a heating mode, T set In order to set the temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located.
When the inverter air conditioner is required to perform auxiliary service, the set temperature can be adjusted, so that the inverter air conditioner adjusts the working frequency of a compressor of the inverter air conditioner according to the adjusted set temperature, and further the power of the inverter air conditioner is changed to provide demand response. Based on the equivalent thermal parameter model, the difference between the stable variable frequency air conditioner power after adjusting the set temperature and the stable air conditioner power before adjusting is obtained under the condition that the short-term outdoor temperature is not changed, namely the power variation delta Q of the variable frequency air conditioner after the demand response AC Can be expressed as
Wherein, T set To set the temperature before adjustment, T reset Is the adjusted set temperature.
In this embodiment, the obtaining the capacity to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and if the capacity to be scheduled does not exceed the response capacity range, adjusting the frequency of the inverter air conditioner based on the hysteresis control manner includes:
acquiring the to-be-scheduled capacity delta P of the auxiliary service, and performing hysteresis adjustment on the set temperature based on a formula when the delta P is in the response capacity range;
wherein Δ T is an adjustment amount of the set temperature, Δ T greater than zero indicates an increase in the set temperature, Δ T less than zero indicates a decrease in the set temperature, and Δ T ═ T reset -T set ，ΔP T+2.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 3 ℃, delta P T+1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃, delta P T-1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃, delta P T-2.5 And the average value of the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air-conditioning power when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃ and the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air-conditioning power when the set temperature is reduced by 3 ℃ is shown.
After determining the power required to respond, firstly determining the power value required to be adjusted of the inverter air conditioner. In the adjusting process, on one hand, the adjusting times of the air conditioner need to be reduced to avoid the influence on the user, and on the other hand, the discontinuity of the air conditioner power change needs to be considered, so the embodiment adopts a hysteresis control mode, and the adjustment of the set temperature lags behind the capacity to be scheduled, for example, the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air conditioner power is set to be Δ P when the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ T-1 Setting the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air conditioner power as delta P when the temperature is reduced by 2 DEG C T-2 If the capacity to be scheduled is larger than delta P T-1 But less than Δ P T-2 At this time, the set temperature is not adjusted, but when Δ P is larger than (Δ P) T-1 +ΔP T-2 ) And when the temperature is/2, the set temperature is reduced, so that frequent adjustment of the variable frequency air conditioner is avoided.
In this embodiment, the mapping relationship between the variable power of the inverter air conditioner and the adjustment value of the set temperature is as follows:
wherein, Δ P AC Represents the variable quantity of the power of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Indicating the mode of operation of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Is 1 denotes that the air conditioner is in a cooling mode, M AC Is-1 represents the air conditioner is in heating mode, T set To set the temperature before adjustment, T reset And R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located for the adjusted set temperature.
And adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on the linear relation between the adjustment amount of the set temperature and the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner. Compared with a fixed-frequency air conditioner, the variable-frequency air conditioner can work at various powers, the working frequency of a compressor of the variable-frequency air conditioner is related to the difference between the actual temperature and the indoor temperature, and the air conditioner operates at the maximum power when the actual temperature exceeds the set temperature by 3 ℃ in a refrigeration mode as an example; when the actual temperature is lower than the set temperature by 3 ℃, the air conditioner enters a standby mode, and the power is reduced to about 30 watts; when the difference between the actual temperature and the set temperature is within plus or minus 3 ℃, the larger the temperature difference is, the higher the frequency is. Frequency f of inverter air conditioner AC Actual temperature T from time i i The specific relationship between them is as follows:
therefore, in the embodiment, the power of the inverter air conditioner is changed by adjusting the set temperature, so as to provide appropriate demand response in the auxiliary service.
In this embodiment, when the power of the inverter air conditioner is inconsistent with the capacity to be scheduled after the frequency is adjusted, the compensating by adjusting the charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery includes:
based on the mapping relation and constraint conditions of the charge-discharge power of the charge state of the energy storage battery, the charge-discharge power is adjusted by controlling the charge state of the energy storage battery, so that the sum of the charge-discharge power and the power of the variable-frequency air conditioner is consistent with the capacity to be scheduled, and the mapping relation of the charge-discharge power of the charge state of the energy storage battery is that
Wherein S is SOC (t) is the state of charge of the energy storage cell at time t, S SOC (t-1) is the state of charge of the energy storage cell at time t-1, P bat And (t-1) is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery at the t-1 moment, and C is the capacity of the energy storage battery. In this embodiment, if the power of the variable frequency air conditioner after the frequency adjustment does not reach the capacity to be scheduled yet, the charge amount of the energy storage battery is controlled to be reduced to realize battery discharge, and if the power of the variable frequency air conditioner after the frequency adjustment exceeds the capacity to be scheduled, the charge amount of the energy storage battery is controlled to be increased to realize battery charge.
The constraint conditions comprise charge and discharge power constraint and charge state constraint, wherein the charge and discharge power constraint is
Wherein,
represents the maximum charging power of the energy storage battery,
representing the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery;
meanwhile, in order to prolong the service life of the energy storage battery and avoid overcharge and overdischarge of the battery, the state of charge of the battery needs to be between the minimum state of charge and the maximum state of charge, and the state of charge is constrained to be
Wherein,
indicating the most significant of the energy storage cellThe state of charge is small and the state of charge is small,
representing the maximum state of charge of the energy storage battery.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power change process of a combined response of the inverter air conditioner and the energy storage battery, wherein a dotted line in the diagram represents target power to which the auxiliary service needs to be adjusted, an abscissa represents time t, and an ordinate represents power P. t is t 0 ～t 1 The stage is a normal operation stage, and the power of the variable frequency air conditioner stably operates at P start The power of the energy storage battery is 0; the reception of a request for a response to the need for auxiliary service at time t1 requires a reduction in power to P target Because the response of the variable frequency air conditioner is delayed, the energy storage battery firstly starts to discharge, and the discharge power is increased from 0 to P real 。t 1 ～t 2 The phase is a response delay phase of the inverter air conditioner, and the inverter air conditioner is still maintained at the initial power P start The discharge power of the energy storage battery is gradually increased to t 2 At the moment, the inverter air conditioner starts to respond and the power starts to drop, and at the moment, the discharge power of the energy storage battery is kept stable. To t 3 At the moment, the difference value between the reduced power of the inverter air conditioner and the target power begins to reduce, and the discharge power of the energy storage battery begins to drop. To t 4 At the moment, the cut power of the inverter air conditioner reaches the target power, the power of the energy storage battery is reduced by 0, but the final power cut of the air conditioner is different from the target power, namely, an overshoot exists, and if the cut power of the air conditioner exceeds the target power, the energy storage battery starts to charge to compensate the extra cut power of the air conditioner. To t 5 At the moment, the inverter air conditioner reaches the final stable power P real The energy storage battery also achieves stable charging power-P charge . To t 6 At the moment, the auxiliary needs to increase or decrease power to P start Like power reduction to P target In the process, the charging power of the energy storage battery is firstly reduced, and the power of the inverter air conditioner is not changed due to response delay. To t 7 At the moment, the power of the variable frequency air conditioner begins to increase, and the power of the energy storage battery continues to decrease. To t 8 At the moment, the variable frequency air conditioner reaches the target power, and the power of the energy storage battery also becomes 0。
Example two
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides an auxiliary service system 5 combining an inverter air conditioner and an energy storage battery, including:
the first calculation unit 51: the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature is calculated through the equivalent thermal parameter model;
the second calculation unit 52: the indoor temperature control device is used for judging whether the indoor temperature is stable or not according to the real-time change rate when the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, and if so, calculating the response capacity range according to the acceptable temperature range preset by a user;
the demand response unit 53: the frequency control method comprises the steps of obtaining the capacity to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and if the capacity to be scheduled does not exceed the response capacity range, adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on a hysteresis control mode;
the compensation unit 54: and the frequency control unit is used for compensating by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery when the power of the variable frequency air conditioner is inconsistent with the capacity to be scheduled after the frequency is adjusted.
The room temperature change and the variable frequency air conditioner power are obtained through the equivalent thermal parameter model, the response delay and the response deviation in the response process of the variable frequency air conditioner are compensated by using the flexible power handling characteristic of the energy storage battery, meanwhile, the response capacity of the variable frequency air conditioner effectively reduces the response capacity of the energy storage battery, the combined response of the variable frequency air conditioner and the energy storage battery is realized, the response delay and the response deviation when the auxiliary service is carried out through the variable frequency air conditioner singly are avoided, the battery capacity required by the response of the single energy storage battery is reduced, and the auxiliary service cost is reduced on the premise of ensuring the response certainty and flexibility of the auxiliary service.
In the embodiment, the indoor temperature change is calculated quantitatively, and the real-time change condition of the indoor temperature is calculated by utilizing an equivalent thermal parameter model according to the outdoor temperature, the refrigerating/heating power of the variable frequency air conditioner and the indoor and outdoor heat exchange power before the indoor temperature does not reach the set temperature; after the indoor temperature reaches and stabilizes at the set temperature of the air conditioner, the refrigeration/heating power of the air conditioner is calculated by utilizing an equivalent thermal parameter model according to the outdoor temperature, the indoor temperature and the indoor and outdoor heat exchange power. The equivalent thermal parameter model is as follows:
T air is the indoor temperature of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located, t represents time,
representing the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is positioned, C air Is the heat capacity of air, T out Is the outdoor temperature, Q, of the room in which the variable frequency air conditioner is located gain For the heat exchange power, Q, of the room in which the inverter air conditioner is located AC Is the power of the inverter air conditioner, Q solar Being thermal power of solar radiation, Q app For the heat-generating power of other appliances in the room, wherein T air 、T out Is a real number, R, C air 、Q gain 、Q AC 、Q solar And Q app The value range of (b) is positive.
For a certain user, the parameters of the room and the air conditioner are determined, the user sets an acceptable temperature range in advance, and then the response capacity range of the single user, namely how much capacity the variable frequency air conditioner can provide to respond to the requirement of the auxiliary service is determined based on the information. In this embodiment, the second calculating unit 52 is specifically configured to:
when the real-time change rates are all smaller than a preset threshold epsilon within a preset time period, normally setting the preset threshold epsilon to be a positive number smaller than 1, indicating that the real-time change rates are converged and approach to 0, and judging that the indoor temperature is stable;
obtaining an acceptable temperature range preset by a user, wherein the acceptable temperature range comprises a minimum temperature T acceptable by the user min And a maximum temperature T max ；
Calculating a response capacity range of
Wherein, Δ Q AC Is the power variation quantity after the demand response of the variable frequency air conditioner, M AC Indicating the mode of operation of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Is 1 denotes that the air conditioner is in a cooling mode, M AC Is-1 represents the air conditioner is in heating mode, T set In order to set the temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located.
When the inverter air conditioner is required to perform auxiliary service, the set temperature can be adjusted, so that the inverter air conditioner adjusts the working frequency of a compressor of the inverter air conditioner according to the adjusted set temperature, and further the power of the inverter air conditioner is changed to provide demand response. Based on the equivalent thermal parameter model, the difference between the stable variable frequency air conditioner power after adjusting the set temperature and the stable air conditioner power before adjusting is obtained under the condition that the short-term outdoor temperature is not changed, namely the power variation delta Q of the variable frequency air conditioner after the demand response AC Can be expressed as
Wherein, T set To set the temperature before adjustment, T reset Is the adjusted set temperature.
In this embodiment, the demand response unit 53 is specifically configured to:
acquiring the capacity delta P to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and performing hysteresis adjustment on the set temperature based on a formula when the delta P is in a response capacity range;
wherein Δ T is an adjustment amount of the set temperature, Δ T greater than zero indicates an increase in the set temperature, Δ T less than zero indicates a decrease in the set temperature, and Δ T ═ T reset -T set ，ΔP T+2.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 3 ℃, delta P T+1.5 Representing a frequency variation with a set temperature increase of 1 deg.CAverage value of power variation of air conditioner and power variation of frequency-varying air conditioner when set temperature is increased by 2 deg.C, delta P T-1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃, delta P T-2.5 And the average value of the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air conditioner power when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃ and the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air conditioner power when the set temperature is reduced by 3 ℃ is shown.
After determining the power required to respond, firstly determining the power value required to be adjusted of the inverter air conditioner. In the adjusting process, on one hand, the adjusting times of the air conditioner need to be reduced to avoid the influence on the user, and on the other hand, the discontinuity of the air conditioner power change needs to be considered, so the embodiment adopts a hysteresis control mode, and the adjustment of the set temperature lags behind the capacity to be scheduled, for example, the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air conditioner power is set to be Δ P when the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ T-1 Setting the variable quantity of the frequency-varying air conditioner power as delta P when the temperature is reduced by 2 DEG C T-2 If the capacity to be scheduled is larger than Δ P T-1 But less than Δ P T-2 At this time, the set temperature is not adjusted, but when Δ P is larger than (Δ P) T-1 +ΔP T-2 ) And/2, reducing the set temperature to avoid frequent adjustment of the variable frequency air conditioner.
In this embodiment, the mapping relationship between the variable power of the inverter air conditioner and the adjustment value of the set temperature is as follows:
wherein, Δ P AC Represents the variable quantity of the power of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Indicating the mode of operation of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Is 1 denotes that the air conditioner is in a cooling mode, M AC Is-1 represents the air conditioner is in heating mode, T set To set the temperature before adjustment, T reset And R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located for the adjusted set temperature.
And adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on the linear relation between the adjustment amount of the set temperature and the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner. Compared with a fixed-frequency air conditioner, the variable-frequency air conditioner canThe variable frequency air conditioner can work at various powers, the working frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner compressor is related to the difference between the actual temperature and the indoor temperature, taking a refrigeration mode as an example, and when the actual temperature exceeds the set temperature by 3 ℃, the air conditioner runs at the maximum power; when the actual temperature is lower than the set temperature by 3 ℃, the air conditioner enters a standby mode, and the power is reduced to about 30 watts; when the difference between the actual temperature and the set temperature is within plus or minus 3 ℃, the larger the temperature difference is, the higher the frequency is. Frequency f of inverter air conditioner AC Actual temperature T from time i i The specific relationship between them is as follows:
therefore, in the embodiment, the power of the inverter air conditioner is changed by adjusting the set temperature, so as to provide appropriate demand response in the auxiliary service.
In this embodiment, the compensation unit 54 is specifically configured to:
based on the mapping relation and constraint conditions of the charge-discharge power of the charge state of the energy storage battery, the charge-discharge power is adjusted by controlling the charge state of the energy storage battery, so that the sum of the charge-discharge power and the power of the variable-frequency air conditioner is consistent with the capacity to be scheduled, and the mapping relation of the charge-discharge power of the charge state of the energy storage battery is that
Wherein S is SOC (t) is the state of charge of the energy storage cell at time t, S SOC (t-1) is the state of charge of the energy storage battery at time t-1, P bat And (t-1) is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery at the t-1 moment, and C is the capacity of the energy storage battery. In this embodiment, if the power of the variable frequency air conditioner after the frequency adjustment does not reach the capacity to be scheduled yet, the charge amount of the energy storage battery is controlled to be reduced to realize battery discharge, and if the power of the variable frequency air conditioner after the frequency adjustment exceeds the capacity to be scheduled, the charge amount of the energy storage battery is controlled to be increased to realize battery charge.
The constraint conditions comprise charge and discharge power constraint and charge state constraint, wherein the charge and discharge power constraint is
Wherein,
represents the maximum charging power of the energy storage battery,
representing the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery;
meanwhile, in order to prolong the service life of the energy storage battery and avoid overcharge and overdischarge of the battery, the state of charge of the battery needs to be between the minimum state of charge and the maximum state of charge, and the state of charge is constrained to be
Wherein,
represents the minimum state of charge of the energy storage battery,
representing the maximum state of charge of the energy storage battery.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power change process of the joint response of the inverter air conditioner and the energy storage battery, wherein a dotted line represents a target power to which the auxiliary service needs to be adjusted. t is t 0 ～t 1 The stage is a normal operation stage, and the power of the variable frequency air conditioner stably operates at P start The power of the energy storage battery is 0; receipt of a request for a demand response to an auxiliary service at time t1 requires a power cut to P target Because the response of the inverter air conditioner is delayed, the energy storage battery firstly starts to discharge, and the discharge power is increased from 0 to P real 。t 1 ～t 2 With stages of variable-frequency air-conditioningA response delay phase, during which the inverter air conditioner is still maintained at the initial power P start The discharge power of the energy storage battery is gradually increased to t 2 At the moment, the inverter air conditioner starts to respond and the power starts to drop, and at the moment, the discharge power of the energy storage battery is kept stable. To t 3 At the moment, the difference value between the reduced power of the inverter air conditioner and the target power begins to reduce, and the discharge power of the energy storage battery begins to drop. To t 4 At the moment, the cut-down power of the inverter air conditioner reaches the target power, the power of the energy storage battery is reduced by 0, but the final power cut-down of the air conditioner is different from the target power, and if the cut-down power of the air conditioner exceeds the target power, the energy storage battery starts to charge to compensate for the additionally cut-down power of the air conditioner. To t 5 At the moment, the inverter air conditioner reaches the final stable power P real The energy storage battery also achieves stable charging power-P charge . To t 6 At the moment, the auxiliary needs to increase or decrease power to P start Like power reduction to P target In the process, the charging power of the energy storage battery is firstly reduced, and the power of the inverter air conditioner is not changed due to response delay. To t 7 At the moment, the power of the variable frequency air conditioner begins to increase, and the power of the energy storage battery continues to decrease. To t 8 At the moment, the variable frequency air conditioner reaches the target power, and the power of the energy storage battery also becomes 0.
The sequence numbers in the above embodiments are merely for description, and do not represent the sequence of the assembly or the use of the components.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as the invention is intended to cover various modifications, equivalents, improvements, and equivalents, which may be made within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An auxiliary service method combining a variable frequency air conditioner and an energy storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature through an equivalent thermal parameter model;
when the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, judging whether the indoor temperature is stable according to the real-time change rate, and if so, calculating a response capacity range according to an acceptable temperature range preset by a user;
acquiring the capacity to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and if the capacity to be scheduled does not exceed the response capacity range, adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on a hysteresis control mode;
when the power of the variable frequency air conditioner is inconsistent with the capacity to be scheduled after the frequency is adjusted, compensating by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery;
when the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, whether the indoor temperature is stable is judged according to the real-time change rate, if so, the response capacity range is calculated according to the acceptable temperature range preset by the user, and the method comprises the following steps:
when the real-time change rate is smaller than a preset threshold epsilon in a preset time period, judging that the indoor temperature is stable;
obtaining an acceptable temperature range preset by a user, wherein the acceptable temperature range comprises a minimum temperature T acceptable by the user min And a maximum temperature T max ；
Calculating a response capacity range of
Wherein, is Δ Q AC The variable quantity M of the power of the variable frequency air conditioner after the demand response AC Indicating the mode of operation of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Is 1 denotes that the air conditioner is in a cooling mode, M AC Is-1 represents the air conditioner is in heating mode, T set In order to set the temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located;
the acquiring the capacity to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and if the capacity to be scheduled does not exceed the response capacity range, adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on a hysteresis control mode includes:
acquiring the to-be-scheduled capacity delta P of the auxiliary service, and performing hysteresis adjustment on the set temperature based on a formula when the delta P is in the response capacity range;
wherein, Δ T is the adjustment amount of the set temperature, Δ T greater than zero indicates the set temperature is increased, Δ T less than zero indicates the set temperature is decreased, Δ P T+2.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with the frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with the frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 3 ℃, delta P T+1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃, delta P T-1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃, delta P T-2.5 The average value of the variable quantity of the power of the frequency-varying air conditioner when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃ and the variable quantity of the power of the frequency-varying air conditioner when the set temperature is reduced by 3 ℃;
and adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on the linear relation between the adjustment quantity of the set temperature and the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner.
2. The auxiliary service method combining the inverter air conditioner and the energy storage battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the equivalent thermal parameter model is:
T air is the indoor temperature of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located, t represents time,
representing the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located, C air Is the heat capacity of air, T out Is the outdoor temperature, Q, of the room in which the variable frequency air conditioner is located gain For the heat exchange power, Q, of the room in which the inverter air conditioner is located AC Is the power of the inverter air conditioner, Q solar Thermal power, Q, for solar radiation app For heat production of other electrical appliances in the roomPower, wherein T air 、T out Is a real number, R, C air 、Q gain 、Q AC 、Q solar And Q app The value range of (a) is positive.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mapping relationship between the variable power of the inverter air conditioner and the adjustment of the set temperature is
Wherein, Δ P AC Represents the variable quantity of the power of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Indicating the mode of operation of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Is 1 denotes that the air conditioner is in a cooling mode, M AC A value of-1 indicates that the air conditioner is in a heating mode, T set To set the temperature before adjustment, T reset And R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located for the adjusted set temperature.
4. The method for assisting in the service of the combination of the inverter air conditioner and the energy storage battery according to claim 1, wherein when the power of the inverter air conditioner is inconsistent with the capacity to be scheduled after the frequency adjustment, the compensation is performed by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery, and the method comprises:
based on the mapping relation and constraint conditions of the charge-discharge power of the charge state of the energy storage battery, the charge-discharge power is adjusted by controlling the charge state of the energy storage battery, so that the sum of the charge-discharge power and the power of the variable-frequency air conditioner is consistent with the capacity to be scheduled, and the mapping relation of the charge-discharge power of the charge state of the energy storage battery is
Wherein S is SOC (t) is the state of charge of the energy storage battery at time t,S SOC (t-1) is the state of charge of the energy storage cell at time t-1, P bat (t-1) is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery at the t-1 moment, and C is the capacity of the energy storage battery;
the constraint conditions comprise charge and discharge power constraint and charge state constraint, wherein the charge and discharge power constraint is
Wherein,
represents the maximum charging power of the energy storage battery,
representing the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery;
the state of charge is constrained to
Wherein,
represents the minimum state of charge of the energy storage battery,
representing the maximum state of charge of the energy storage battery.
5. An auxiliary service system combining a variable frequency air conditioner and an energy storage battery, which is characterized by comprising:
the first calculation unit: the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature is calculated through the equivalent thermal parameter model;
a second calculation unit: the system is used for judging whether the indoor temperature is stable or not according to the real-time change rate when the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature, and if so, calculating the response capacity range according to the acceptable temperature range preset by a user;
a demand response unit: the frequency control method comprises the steps of obtaining the capacity to be scheduled of the auxiliary service, and if the capacity to be scheduled does not exceed the response capacity range, adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on a hysteresis control mode;
a compensation unit: when the power of the variable frequency air conditioner is inconsistent with the capacity to be scheduled after the frequency is adjusted, compensating by adjusting the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery;
the second computing unit is specifically configured to:
when the real-time change rate is smaller than a preset threshold epsilon in a preset time period, judging that the indoor temperature is stable;
obtaining an acceptable temperature range preset by a user, wherein the acceptable temperature range comprises a minimum temperature T acceptable by the user min And maximum temperature T max ；
Calculating a response capacity range of
Wherein, Δ Q AC The variable quantity M of the power of the variable frequency air conditioner after the demand response AC Indicating the mode of operation of the inverter air conditioner, M AC Is 1 denotes that the air conditioner is in a cooling mode, M AC A value of-1 indicates that the air conditioner is in a heating mode, T set In order to set the temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located;
the demand response unit is specifically configured to:
acquiring the to-be-scheduled capacity delta P of the auxiliary service, and performing hysteresis adjustment on the set temperature based on a formula when the delta P is in the response capacity range;
wherein, Delta T is the adjustment amount of the set temperature, and Delta T larger than zero represents the settingTemperature increase, Δ T less than zero indicates a set temperature decrease, Δ P T+2.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with the frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with the frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 3 ℃, delta P T+1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is increased by 2 ℃, delta P T-1.5 Represents the average value of the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ and the variation of the power of the air conditioner with frequency variation when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃, delta P T-2.5 The average value of the variable quantity of the power of the frequency-varying air conditioner when the set temperature is reduced by 2 ℃ and the variable quantity of the power of the frequency-varying air conditioner when the set temperature is reduced by 3 ℃;
and adjusting the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner based on the linear relation between the adjustment quantity of the set temperature and the frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner.
6. The auxiliary service system of claim 5, wherein the equivalent thermal parameter model is:
T air is the indoor temperature of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located, t represents time,
representing the real-time change rate of the indoor temperature, R is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room where the variable frequency air conditioner is located, C air Is the heat capacity of air, T out Is the outdoor temperature, Q, of the room in which the variable frequency air conditioner is located gain For the heat exchange power, Q, of the room in which the inverter air conditioner is located AC Is the power of the inverter air conditioner, Q solar Being thermal power of solar radiation, Q app For the heat-generating power of other appliances in the room, wherein T air 、T out Is a real number, R, C air 、Q gain 、Q AC 、Q solar And Q app Has a value range ofA positive number.
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