CN113480331A

CN113480331A - Light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foam material and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113480331A
Application number: CN202110834206.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄山; 肖炜
Original assignee: Zhejiang Changxing Junenghe New Material Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Changxing Junenghe New Material Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-22
Filing date: 2021-07-22
Publication date: 2021-10-08

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foam material and a preparation method thereof. The material of the invention is prepared by mixing and foaming the following components in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of light magnesium oxide; 100-150 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate solution; 50-100 parts of silicon dioxide powder; 10-15 parts of polyphenyl particles; 1-2 parts of a foaming agent; 10-15 parts of a gelling solution; 1-4 parts of a waterproof agent; the material of the invention has the advantages of higher construction strength, moisture resistance, environmental protection, light weight, beautiful appearance, wear resistance and the like. The material of the invention belongs to a novel environment-friendly fireproof material, has outstanding fireproof performance, a fireproof grade A1 grade, no formaldehyde, good heat preservation and sound insulation effects, no halogen return, no corrosion to metal, higher strength than that of the common fireproof material on the market at present, lighter material and wider application range.

Description

Light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foam material and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a wall material for decoration, fire prevention, heat preservation, load bearing and the like, and particularly relates to a light-weight high-strength fireproof silica-magnesium foaming material which is obtained by foaming silica-magnesium serving as a cementing material. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material.

Background

With the development of society, people's awareness of safety and environmental protection is gradually improved, and the building materials are also gradually paid attention to. Especially the requirements of environmental protection, fire protection and heat preservation, but most of the existing wall building materials can not meet the various requirements of people. Currently, there are several types of building materials on the market:

rock wool board, the cotton board of glass: the fireproof heat-insulating material mainly uses rock wool and glass wool as main materials. The material is non-combustible, high temperature resistant and low in density, but the defects are obvious: firstly, the short fibers in the material can cause permanent harm to the respiratory system of a human body; secondly, the compression strength of the plate is low, and the repair cost of reworking the damaged plate is high; the barrier performance of the plate for the smoke spreading in the fire is poor; fourthly, the water absorption is easy to expand and deform, the potential safety hazard of falling is caused, and the construction and installation are troublesome and the process is complicated. The plate is gradually developed into a composite extrusion forming method by taking inorganic bonding material as a bonding agent and matching rock wool and glass wool as reinforcing materials.

A cement board: the cement board has long service life, high material strength and wide source. The fireproof ceiling and the partition wall are commonly used in the past, but the soundproof effect is poor, and the decoration effect is also poor. The fireproof coating is not high in temperature resistance and is easy to crack at high temperature, and the fireproof requirement level at the present stage is far not reached. Various improved varieties such as fiber reinforced cement boards and the like are developed in the market successively, the fire resistance is enhanced, but the heat is still not preserved, and the energy saving rate is low. And has poor toughness, large alkalinity and unsatisfactory decorative effect.

Perlite plates, floating perlite plates: the material is prepared by taking low-alkalinity cement as a base material, taking materials with low density, such as perlite, glass beads and the like as filling materials, and adding some auxiliary agents for compounding. The self-weight is lighter than that of a cement board, the strength is high, the toughness is good, the fire prevention and the construction are relatively convenient, but the heat insulation effect is not good, and the composite material is generally used for non-bearing parts such as compartments of frame buildings, toilet partitions and the like.

Fireproof gypsum board: the main components of the plate are non-combustible, contain crystal water, have good fire resistance, and are generally used as partition walls, suspended ceilings, roof panels and the like. The raw material source of the plate is rich, and the plate is convenient for flow line production. When in use, it has light dead weight, can reduce the load of the building, is convenient for construction, has good decoration, but has poor anti-bending performance. The gypsum board has many factors, such as composition, type and thickness of the board, presence or absence of filler in an air layer, assembly mode and the like. The finished product quality has too many limiting factors and is difficult to control.

Calcium silicate board: the building board is mainly made of lime, silicate and inorganic fiber reinforced materials, has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, heat insulation, good durability, excellent processability and construction performance and the like, and is mainly used for manufacturing ceiling boards and partition walls and used as fireproof decorative materials of steel columns and steel beams. But the strength and bending properties of the sheet material still need to be improved.

Foaming cement board: the building material foamed and formed by using cement as a main raw material is lighter than a cement board, but is more brittle and is not suitable for being made into a large board. Generally, the brick is used in a non-bearing wall of a wall body in the form of building blocks and is used as a partition wall.

Magnesium oxychloride board: the material is prepared by mixing and foaming magnesium chloride serving as a main raw material and some inorganic materials such as silicon powder, wood dust and the like. The material is light in weight, fireproof and heat-insulating, is generally used for external wall heat-insulating materials, and is easy to be wetted and easy to be turned into brine and fall off, thereby causing potential safety hazards.

The existing wall heat-insulating fireproof material always has various problems in decoration, application range, strength, heat-insulating property, safety and environmental protection, and cannot be considered, so that a novel heat-insulating fireproof material is urgently needed to be developed.

The silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming system is a gelled material formed by mixing light-burned magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide and a certain concentration of magnesium sulfate solution, foaming and adding some modifiers. The silicon-oxygen-magnesium cementing material has the characteristics of high strength, good fire resistance, good decoration, no chloride ion and the like, and overcomes various defects of the traditional magnesium oxychloride cement. Such as unstable volume, low strength, back-halogenation and severe corrosion to metal materials. It has become the development direction of magnesium cementing material.

At present, materials for decoration, fire prevention, heat preservation and the like are prepared by adopting magnesium oxysulfate as a cementing material, and are mainly prepared by adding light fillers (such as wood chips and the like) in the system mixing process or preparing magnesium oxysulfate slurry by a foaming method, pouring the slurry in a mold and then curing. Because the material made of the light filler is added, the volume weight is high, and the water resistance is poor, the material is gradually eliminated; the foaming modes mainly comprise two modes, one mode is physical foaming, and the other mode is chemical foaming; physical foaming is usually carried out by preparing foaming agent prepared by surfactant into foam by mechanical stirring, adding foam into gelled slurry, mixing, stirring, and molding; the chemical foaming is that the material capable of generating gas is directly added into the gelled pulp, the mixture is evenly stirred and molded, and the gas is generated by chemical reaction while stirring. Physical foaming contains a large amount of surfactant, which can reduce the final strength of the product, and the volume weight of the prepared product is larger due to the limitation of the material, which is not favorable for heat insulation and heat preservation. In the chemical foaming, the foaming agent directly generates gas, so the generated gas is closely related to the selected foaming agent, and in addition, the foaming agent only generates gas and has no function of stabilizing foam, so a large amount of gas can escape from the inside of the slurry without adding the foam stabilizer. The quality of the foam stabilizer determines the amount of gas capable of being stored in the slurry, the smaller the amount of the gas capable of being stored is, the higher the volume weight of the product is, and the larger the amount of the gas capable of being stored is, the lower the volume weight of the product can be made. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a material having a low volume weight and a high strength by selecting a suitable foaming agent and a suitable foam stabilizer.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a light heat-insulating silicon-oxygen-magnesium foam material.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material.

A light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material is prepared by mixing and foaming the following components in parts by weight:

100-150 parts of light magnesium oxide; 100-150 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate solution; 50-100 parts of silicon dioxide powder; 10-15 parts of polyphenyl particles; 1-2 parts of a foaming agent; 10-15 parts of a gelling solution; 1-4 parts of a waterproof agent;

wherein the waterproof agent is potassium methylsilicate or sodium methylsilicate; the content of magnesium oxide in the light magnesium oxide is more than 80 percent; the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate solution and water are prepared into a solution with the density of 1-1.5 kg/m³The solution of (1). The gelling solution is prepared from cellulose ether, rubber powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: (1-3): (25-50).

Further, the gelling solution is prepared from cellulose ether, rubber powder and water in a preferred weight ratio of 1: 2: 25. the gelling solution greatly increases the overall stability and the bonding performance of the system.

Further, 0.05-0.1 weight part of modifier is added into the material, and the modifier is one or more of citric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid or sodium citrate. The modifier reduces the system solidification time and greatly increases the later strength of the system.

Further, 5-15 parts by weight of inorganic filler is added into the material, and the inorganic filler is expanded perlite, fly ash or slag.

Further, the water-proofing agent is preferably sodium methyl silicate; the modifier is preferably citric acid.

Further, 0.5-1 part by weight of polypropylene fiber is added into the material; the length of the polypropylene fiber is 6-9mm, so that the dimensional stability and the crack resistance of the system material are greatly improved.

The preparation method of the light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material comprises the following steps:

1) uniformly mixing light magnesium oxide powder and silicon dioxide powder, adding the mixture into a magnesium sulfate heptahydrate solution, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry for later use;

2) when preparing the gelling solution, mixing and stirring cellulose ether, rubber powder and water according to a ratio at the water temperature of 40-50 ℃, and standing for 10min after mixing to obtain the gelling solution;

3) adding the gelling solution into polyphenyl granules with the particle size of 5-12mm, and uniformly mixing to obtain a gelling mixed material for later use;

4) adding the mixed slurry prepared in the step 1) into the gelled mixture prepared in the step 3), uniformly mixing, adding a waterproof agent, adding a foaming agent, stirring, foaming, forming and injecting into a mold;

5) curing for 24h at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ and the humidity of 20-30%, and then removing the mold to obtain the light heat-insulating silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material.

Further, 0.05-0.1 part by weight of modifier is also added into the gelling solution in the step 1).

Further, 0.5-1 part by weight of polypropylene fiber is added in the step 3).

Further, 5-15 parts by weight of inorganic filler is added when the waterproof agent is added in the step 4).

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the material provided by the invention has a stable structure, and the strength of the system material is greatly improved by adding the gel material and a proper amount of waterproof agent and modifier, and the compressive strength can reach 3 MPa. And the addition of the gel material greatly enhances the adhesion, and the gel material can be directly compounded with most decorative materials through injection molding. And moisture-proof, wear-resistant and beautiful.

The material of the invention is added with inorganic foam materials such as fly ash, vitrified micro bubbles, slag and the like, thereby reducing the density and increasing the fireproof performance, and the density is 150kg/m³-350kg/m³And the fireproof grade is A1 grade and does not contain formaldehyde.

The material contains polyphenyl particles, a chemical foaming agent or a physical foaming agent capable of generating a large amount of bubbles is adopted, and a specific foam stabilizer is added to ensure that gas cannot escape from the inside of the slurry. The formed foam structure is fine and uniform, the heat insulation and sound insulation performance is excellent, the heat conductivity coefficient is lower than 0.08W/(m.K), and the energy is greatly saved.

The material of the invention is added with polypropylene fiber, and is uniformly dispersed in the material, thereby greatly increasing the toughness and having good breaking strength.

The material disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process and short in maintenance time, can greatly save the production cost, and is extremely easy to achieve industrial production. The curing temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the energy consumption is low; the whole production process has no three-waste discharge.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method of the present invention.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the raw materials used in the examples of the present invention:

the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate solution is prepared by industrial grade magnesium sulfate heptahydrate with the content of more than 98 percent and water in advance to have the density of 1-1.5 kg/m³The solution of (1).

The polyphenyl granule has a particle diameter of 5-12mm and a density of 12-17kg/m³The EPS foam particles of (a);

the foaming agent is SH-129 foaming agent produced by Dongguan deep sea energy-saving building material science and technology limited company, which is called SH-129 foaming agent for short.

The cellulose ether is MARCCHEM-HPMC 200000S cellulose ether produced by Guangdong Longhu science and technology Limited company, which is called HPMC 200000S for short.

The rubber powder adopts the redispersible latex powder VINNAPASS-5044N produced by Wake chemical company of Germany, which is called as Wake 5044N for short.

The polypropylene fiber is 6-9mm long.

The inorganic filler can be expanded perlite, fly ash or slag. The volume weight of the expanded perlite is 60-80kg/m³Expanded perlite with the particle size of 2-5 mm; the fly ash adopts tiny ash particles discharged in the coal combustion process, and the particle size is 1-100 mu m; the slag is a byproduct in a blast furnace ironmaking process, and is preferably alkaline porous powdery slag with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm.

Example A:

the preparation method of the light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:

1. preparing slurry, taking 100kg of light magnesium oxide with the magnesium oxide content of more than 90 percent, uniformly mixing the light magnesium oxide with 50kg of silicon dioxide powder, adding the mixture after mixing, wherein the density of the mixture is 1.2g/cm³Seven water of100kg of magnesium sulfate solution is uniformly mixed in a stirring kettle to obtain mixed slurry for later use.

2. Preparing gel solution, adding 800g of rubber powder (watt-hour 5044N) and 400g of cellulose ether (HPMC 200000S) into 10kg of water, and stirring. Wherein the water temperature is 50 ℃, and a gelling solution is obtained for standby after complete dissolution.

3. Taking the density of 15kg/m with the particle size of 5mm³10kg of the polystyrene particles were added to the above gel solution, and thoroughly mixed in a mixing tank.

4. Adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step 1) into the mixing kettle in the step 3), uniformly stirring, adding 1kg of foaming agent (SH-129# foaming agent), stirring, foaming and molding, and injecting into a mold.

5. And (3) placing the belt mold in a curing room with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 20% for curing for 24h, and demolding after molding to obtain the light heat-insulating silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material.

Example B:

this example is based on example A, 0.05kg of citric acid with a purity of more than 99% as modifier are added in step 1), the other conditions remaining unchanged.

Example C:

this example is based on example A, 1kg of sodium methyl silicate is added as a water repellent in step 4), the other conditions remaining unchanged.

Example D:

in this example, based on the example a, the foaming agent in the step 4) is replaced by the hydrogen peroxide chemical foaming agent with the same mass, and other conditions are not changed.

Example E:

this example is based on example A, 0.5kg of polypropylene fibres with a gauge of 6 to 9mm are added in step 3), the other conditions remaining unchanged.

Example F:

in this example, 5kg of fly ash with a particle size of 1-100 μm was added as an inorganic filler in step 4) on the basis of example A, and the other conditions were not changed.

Example G:

in this example, in step 2) based on example a, the added gel solution was changed to an equal mass of 99.9% magnesium lithium silicate aqueous gel, and the other conditions were not changed.

Example H:

this example is based on the example a,

adding 0.05kg of citric acid with the purity of more than 99 percent into the step 1);

adding 0.5kg of 6-9mm polypropylene fiber in the step 3);

1kg of sodium methyl silicate is added in the step 4), 5kg of fly ash with the particle size of 1-100 mu m is also added in the step 4) as an inorganic filler, and other conditions are not changed.

The materials prepared in the above examples were tested and compared to obtain:

1. example B citric acid was added to accelerate the initial setting process. The heat-insulating material has initial strength after 10 hours and compression resistance after 24 hours, has bending strength far higher than that of the embodiment A, C, and has good heat-insulating effect and fire resistance.

2. In the embodiment, the component C is added with sodium methyl silicate, so that the water retention of the system is increased, and the water absorption of the system is greatly reduced. And the heat preservation effect is good, and the fire is resistant.

3. After the hydrogen peroxide chemical foaming agent is replaced, the material state is unstable, the cell structure is easy to break, and the material forming state is not good.

4. After the polypropylene fiber is added in the example E, the material has good molding state and strong stability.

5. In example F, the inorganic filler is added, the appearance state has no detail difference, and the thermal conductivity is remarkably reduced.

6. In example G, the gel solution was replaced, and the material was not sufficiently wrapped and was too fluid to be easily molded.

7. Example H added citric acid, sodium methyl silicate, polypropylene fiber and porous inorganic filler. Prepared gel solution and deep sea plant protein physical foaming agent are adopted. The material has compact and excellent appearance texture. Low water absorption, and excellent compression strength and bending strength. And the heat preservation effect is good, and the fire is resistant.

The test results are shown in table 1 below, table 1:

example M:

1. preparing slurry, taking 140kg of light magnesium oxide with the magnesium oxide content of more than 90 percent, uniformly mixing the light magnesium oxide with 60kg of silicon dioxide powder, adding the mixture after mixing, wherein the density of the mixture is 1.2g/cm³120kg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate solution, 0.06kg of citric acid with the purity of more than 99 percent is added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed in a stirring kettle to obtain mixed slurry for later use.

2. Preparing gel solution, adding 800g of rubber powder (watt-hour 5044N) and 400g of cellulose ether (HPMC 200000S) into 15kg of water, and stirring. Wherein the water temperature is 50 ℃, and a gelling solution is obtained for standby after complete dissolution.

3. Taking the density of 15kg/m with the particle size of 5mm³Adding 10kg of the polystyrene particles into the gel solution, adding 0.5kg of polypropylene fiber with the specification of 6-9mm, and fully stirring and mixing in a mixing kettle.

4. Adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step 1) into the mixing kettle in the step 3), uniformly stirring, adding 2kg of sodium methyl silicate as a waterproof agent, adding 5kg of powdery slag with alkaline porous shape and particle size of 0.5-1 mm as an inorganic filler, adding 1kg of foaming agent (SH-129# foaming agent), stirring, foaming and molding, and injecting into a mold.

Example N:

1. preparing slurry, taking 120kg of light magnesium oxide with the magnesium oxide content of more than 90 percent, uniformly mixing with 50kg of silicon dioxide powder, adding the mixture after mixing, wherein the density is 1.2g/cm³Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate solution 120kg, then adding 0.08kg of citric acid with the purity of more than 99 percent, and uniformly mixing in a stirring kettle to obtain mixed slurry for later use.

3. Taking the density of 15kg/m with the particle size of 5mm³Adding 15kg of the polystyrene particles into the gel solution, adding 0.5kg of polypropylene fiber with the specification of 6-9mm, and fully stirring and mixing in a mixing kettle.

4. Adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step 1) into the mixing kettle in the step 3), uniformly stirring, adding 3kg of sodium methyl silicate serving as a waterproof agent, adding 5kg of expanded perlite serving as an inorganic filler, wherein the volume weight of the expanded perlite is 60-80kg/m³The particle size of the foaming agent is 2-5 mm, 1kg of foaming agent (SH-129# foaming agent) is added for stirring, and the foaming agent is injected into a mold after foaming molding.

Example W:

1. preparing slurry, taking 150kg of light magnesium oxide with the magnesium oxide content of more than 90 percent, uniformly mixing the light magnesium oxide with 60kg of silicon dioxide powder, adding the mixture after mixing, wherein the density of the mixture is 1.2g/cm³100kg of the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate solution, 0.06kg of citric acid with the purity of more than 99 percent is added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed in a stirring kettle to obtain mixed slurry for later use.

4. Adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step 1) into the mixing kettle in the step 3), uniformly stirring, adding 2kg of sodium methyl silicate, adding 5kg of fly ash with the particle size of 1-100 mu m as an inorganic filler, adding 1kg of foaming agent (SH-129# foaming agent), stirring, foaming and molding, and injecting into a mold.

The test results for the three examples are shown in table 2 below, table 2:

as can be seen from the above table, in example M, the raw material ratios are different, the preparation ratio of the gel solution is changed, the surface coating of the polystyrene particles is not strong enough, the slurry wrapping property is weak, and the forming effect is not ideal enough. In example N, the raw material ratios were different, the amount of polystyrene particles was changed, the overall density was reduced, the thermal conductivity was reduced, but the particle packing was insufficient, and the strength was affected. In the example W, the raw material proportion is different, the dosage of the light magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate solution and polyphenyl granules is changed, the material density is increased, and the compressive strength is obviously improved to 3 MPa. The flexural strength is also increased, but the thermal conductivity is obviously increased.

Compared with the existing foaming material, the material of the invention has the following characteristics:

the existing foaming cement: high density, 1000-³And can only be made into small blocks for use. High thermal conductivity, 0.1-0.28W/(M.K). High water absorption, similar to cement properties, and extremely long curing period.

The existing foamed ceramics: the density is 800kg/m³The heat conduction coefficient is about 0.1W/(M.K). The cost is extremely high and the cost performance is not high.

The light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material is a low-density light material, and the density of the material is 150-³And the stability is strong, and the wall can be made into a large-scale wall. The heat conductivity coefficient is lower than 0.08W/(m.K), the heat preservation effect is good, and A1-grade fire prevention is realized. The raw materials are easy to obtain, and the cost performance is extremely high. The material of the invention has strongThe concrete has the characteristics of moisture resistance, environmental protection, light weight, attractive appearance, wear resistance and the like. The material of the invention belongs to a novel environment-friendly fireproof material, has outstanding fireproof performance, a fireproof grade A1 grade, no formaldehyde, good heat preservation and sound insulation effects, no halogen return, no corrosion to metal, higher strength than that of the common fireproof material on the market at present, lighter material and wider application range.

Claims

1. A light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material is prepared by mixing and foaming the following components in parts by weight:

wherein the waterproof agent is potassium methylsilicate or sodium methylsilicate; the content of magnesium oxide in the light magnesium oxide is more than 80 percent; the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate solution and water are prepared into a solution with the density of 1-1.5 kg/m³The solution of (1); the gelling solution is prepared from cellulose ether, rubber powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: (1-3): (25-50).

2. The lightweight thermal insulation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gelling solution is prepared from cellulose ether, rubber powder and water according to a preferred weight ratio of 1: 2: 25.

3. The light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein 0.05-0.1 weight part of modifier is added into the material, and the modifier is one or more of citric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid or sodium citrate.

4. The light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein 5-15 parts by weight of inorganic filler is added in the material, and the inorganic filler is expanded perlite, fly ash or slag.

5. The light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foam material as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the water-proofing agent is sodium methyl silicate; the modifier is citric acid.

6. The light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein 0.5-1 part by weight of polypropylene fiber is further added into the material.

7. The preparation method of the light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material of claim 1 comprises the following steps:

8. The method for preparing a lightweight thermal insulation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material according to claim 7, wherein 0.05 to 0.1 weight part of modifier is further added into the gelling solution in the step 1).

9. The method for preparing the light heat-insulating silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material according to claim 8, wherein 0.5 to 1 weight part of polypropylene fiber is further added in the step 3).

10. The preparation method of the light heat-preservation silicon-oxygen-magnesium foaming material according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein 5-15 parts by weight of inorganic filler is added when the waterproof agent is added in the step 4).