CN113485008B - Super-surface imaging device - Google Patents
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Classifications
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Abstract
The application provides a super-surface imaging device. The super-surface imaging device comprises a diaphragm, at least one super-surface lens and an imaging sensor, wherein the diaphragm is used for limiting an incident light beam; at least one metasurface mirror is aligned with the aperture and has a plurality of phase compensation structures to deflect the beam limited by the aperture for phase compensation thereof; the imaging sensor converts the phase-compensated light into an electrical signal proportional to the signal of the light. The subsurface lens has a plurality of phase compensation regions, each phase compensation region comprising a plurality of phase compensation structures. In at least one of the plurality of phase compensation regions, the phase compensation structure is asymmetric in terms of the phase shift variation introduced in a direction toward and away from the center of the subsurface lens. The phase compensation of the phase compensation structure provided by the application can be changed according to the change of the angle of the main light ray, so that the superlens can have a certain angle of view.
Description
Statement of divisional application
The application is a divisional application of China patent application with the application number 202010331976.2, and the name of the patent is a super-surface imaging device submitted 24 days 4 months in 2020.
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of optical devices, and more particularly to a super surface imaging device.
Background
Lenses for imaging, transmission and the like in the existing imaging field are made of transparent materials such as resin, plastic, glass and the like. Since such lenses require the introduction of optical path differences through a gradual change in thickness, resulting in focusing or diverging effects of the light, larger dimensions are generally required. The super surface paper was published by Capasso et al, 3, 2015, journal 347, volume 6228, and led to worldwide research into super surface lenses.
The super-surface lens is different from the conventional lens in that the super-surface lens adopts a shape-dependent Pancharatnam-Berry phase difference introduced by the micro-nano scale structure, so that the phase of scattered incident light can be arbitrarily modulated to replace the optical path difference relied on by the conventional lens. Accordingly, the super surface lens may form a substantially planar optical device that is easier to integrate and may be significantly reduced in size relative to conventional lenses. Since the super surface lens relies on diffraction optics rather than geometry optics in principle, the inherent aberrations of conventional lenses such as spherical aberration can be avoided from design, but conversely, a new type of aberration specific to diffraction optics can be produced.
The prior art uses super surface imaging to limit to paraxial imaging, i.e. a microscope lens is used to study the imaging of thin rays parallel to the optical axis in the central field of view. In practical application, the lens must image all incident light rays within a certain angle of view onto the sensor at the image plane, and cannot be limited to paraxial conditions, which requires that the design of the application-oriented super-surface lens must take into account that multiple angles of view can be imaged normally.
Disclosure of Invention
One aspect of the present application provides a subsurface imaging device. The subsurface imaging device may include a diaphragm for limiting an incident light beam, at least one subsurface mirror, and an imaging sensor; at least one metasurface optic is aligned with the aperture and has a plurality of phase compensation structures to deflect the beam of light limited by the aperture for phase compensation thereof. The imaging sensor then converts the phase-compensated light into an electrical signal proportional to the signal of the light. Wherein the phase compensation produced by each of the plurality of phase compensation structures varies with distance from the center of the diaphragm.
In one embodiment, the center of the diaphragm is aligned with the center of the super surface lens in the optical axis direction.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation varies periodically in attenuation from the center of the subsurface lens in a radial direction of the subsurface lens.
In one embodiment, the angle of rotation formed by each of the plurality of phase compensation structures located on the super surface lens with respect to any radial direction of the super surface lens varies with distance from the center of the super surface lens.
In one embodiment, the rotation angle of each of the plurality of phase compensation structures varies periodically in the radial direction of the subsurface lens from the center of the subsurface lens.
In one embodiment, the super surface lens further comprises a transparent substrate, wherein the phase compensation structure is formed by a dielectric material on the transparent substrate.
In one embodiment, the dielectric material forming the phase compensation structure is an inorganic dielectric material having a refractive index different from that of the material forming the substrate.
In one embodiment, the refractive index of the inorganic dielectric material is greater than the refractive index of the material forming the transparent substrate.
In one embodiment, the inorganic dielectric material comprises at least one of zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, silicon hydride, crystalline silicon, silicon nitride, amorphous silicon, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide.
In one embodiment, the material forming the transparent substrate is an inorganic material including one of conductive glass ITO, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium fluoride, and silicon dioxide.
In one embodiment, the material forming the transparent substrate is a resin-based organic transparent material.
In one embodiment, the distance of the subsurface lens from the imaging sensor is less than the distance of the subsurface lens from the diaphragm.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation structure is formed as a rectangular parallelepiped fin.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation structure is a rectangular parallelepiped fin having a height of 200-800nm and a length and width of 30-500 nm.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation structure is formed as a solid micro-nano structure of a cuboid, cylinder or hemisphere.
In one embodiment, the solid micro-nano structure is further formed with a hollow structure of cuboid, cylinder or hemisphere.
Another aspect of the present application provides a super surface imaging apparatus comprising: a diaphragm for restricting an incident light beam; at least one super-surface lens aligned with the diaphragm and having a plurality of phase compensation structures for deflecting the beam limited by the diaphragm to perform phase compensation; and an imaging sensor that converts the light after the phase compensation into an electrical signal proportional to a signal of the light. Wherein each of the super surface lenses comprises: a first portion centered on the subsurface lens comprising a first plurality of phase compensation structures; and a second portion surrounding the first portion, comprising a second plurality of phase compensation structures, wherein the light beams phase compensated by the first and second plurality of phase compensation structures are incident on the imaging sensor at non-overlapping first and second interference constructive locations, respectively.
In one embodiment, the center of the diaphragm is aligned with the center of the super surface lens in the optical axis direction.
In one embodiment, in the first portion, the first plurality of phase compensation structures are symmetrical in terms of phase shift variation introduced in a direction toward and away from the center of the subsurface lens.
In one embodiment, in the second portion, the second plurality of phase compensation structures are asymmetric in terms of the variation of phase shift introduced in directions toward and away from the center of the subsurface lens.
In one embodiment, the super surface lens further comprises a transparent substrate, wherein the phase compensation structure is formed by a dielectric material on the transparent substrate.
In one embodiment, the dielectric material forming the phase compensation structure is an inorganic dielectric material having a refractive index different from that of the material forming the transparent substrate.
In one embodiment, the refractive index of the inorganic dielectric material is greater than the refractive index of the material forming the transparent substrate.
In one embodiment, the inorganic dielectric material comprises at least one of zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, silicon hydride, crystalline silicon, silicon nitride, amorphous silicon, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide.
In one embodiment, the material forming the transparent substrate is an inorganic material including one of conductive glass ITO, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium fluoride, and silicon dioxide.
In one embodiment, the material forming the transparent substrate is a resin-based organic transparent material.
In one embodiment, the distance between the subsurface lens and the imaging sensor is less than the distance between the subsurface lens and the diaphragm.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation structure is formed as a rectangular parallelepiped fin.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation structure is formed as a solid micro-nano structure of a cuboid, cylinder or hemisphere.
In one embodiment, the solid micro-nano structure is further formed with a hollow structure of cuboid, cylinder or hemisphere.
Another aspect of the present application provides a super surface imaging apparatus comprising: a diaphragm for restricting an incident light beam; at least one super-surface lens aligned with the diaphragm and having a plurality of phase compensation structures for deflecting the beam limited by the diaphragm to perform phase compensation; and an imaging sensor that converts the light after the phase compensation into an electrical signal proportional to a signal of the light; wherein the super-surface lens has a plurality of phase compensation structures, the equivalent focal length of the phase compensation structures gradually increasing in a direction away from the center of the super-surface lens.
In one embodiment, the center of the diaphragm is aligned with the center of the super surface lens in the optical axis direction.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation varies periodically in attenuation from the center of the subsurface lens in a radial direction of the subsurface lens.
In one embodiment, the angle of rotation formed by each of the plurality of phase compensation structures located on the super surface lens with respect to any radial direction of the super surface lens varies with distance from the center of the super surface lens.
In one embodiment, the rotation angle of each of the plurality of phase compensation structures varies periodically in the radial direction of the subsurface lens from the center of the subsurface lens.
In one embodiment, the super surface lens further comprises a transparent substrate, wherein the phase compensation structure is formed by a dielectric material on the transparent substrate.
In one embodiment, the dielectric material forming the phase compensation structure is an inorganic dielectric material having a refractive index different from that of the material forming the substrate.
In one embodiment, the refractive index of the inorganic dielectric material is greater than the refractive index of the material forming the transparent substrate.
In one embodiment, the inorganic dielectric material comprises at least one of zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, silicon hydride, crystalline silicon, silicon nitride, amorphous silicon, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide.
In one embodiment, the material forming the transparent substrate is an inorganic material including one of conductive glass ITO, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium fluoride, and silicon dioxide.
In one embodiment, the material forming the transparent substrate is a resin-based organic transparent material.
In one embodiment, the distance of the subsurface lens from the imaging sensor is less than the distance of the subsurface lens from the diaphragm.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation structure is formed as a rectangular parallelepiped fin.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation structure is formed as a solid micro-nano structure of a cuboid, cylinder or hemisphere.
In one embodiment, the solid micro-nano structure is further formed with a hollow structure of cuboid, cylinder or hemisphere.
Another aspect of the present application provides a super surface imaging apparatus comprising: a diaphragm for restricting an incident light beam; at least one super-surface lens aligned with the diaphragm and having a plurality of phase compensation structures for deflecting the beam limited by the diaphragm to perform phase compensation; and an imaging sensor that converts the light after the phase compensation into an electrical signal proportional to a signal of the light; wherein the super-surface lens has a plurality of phase compensation regions, each phase compensation region comprising a plurality of phase compensation structures, and the phase compensation structure of at least one of the plurality of phase compensation regions is asymmetric in terms of the phase shift variation introduced in a direction toward and away from the center of the super-surface lens. In one embodiment, the center of the diaphragm is aligned with the center of the super surface lens in the optical axis direction.
In one embodiment, the super surface lens further comprises a transparent substrate, wherein the phase compensation structure is formed by a dielectric material on the transparent substrate.
In one embodiment, the dielectric material forming the phase compensation structure is an inorganic dielectric material having a refractive index different from that of the material forming the substrate.
In one embodiment, the refractive index of the inorganic dielectric material is greater than the refractive index of the material forming the transparent substrate.
In one embodiment, the inorganic dielectric material comprises at least one of zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, silicon hydride, crystalline silicon, silicon nitride, amorphous silicon, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide.
In one embodiment, the material forming the transparent substrate is an inorganic material including one of conductive glass ITO, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium fluoride, and silicon dioxide.
In one embodiment, the material forming the transparent substrate is a resin-based organic transparent material.
In one embodiment, the distance of the subsurface lens from the imaging sensor is less than the distance of the subsurface lens from the diaphragm.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation structure is formed as a rectangular parallelepiped fin.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation structure is a rectangular parallelepiped fin having a height of 200-800nm and a length and width of 30-500 nm.
In one embodiment, the phase compensation structure is formed as a solid micro-nano structure of a cuboid, cylinder or hemisphere.
In one embodiment, the solid micro-nano structure is further formed with a hollow structure of cuboid, cylinder or hemisphere.
The phase compensation of the prior art phase compensation arrangements varies only according to the distance r from the center of the lens. According to the application, the phase compensation of the phase compensation structure can be changed according to the change of the angle of the main light, and the angle of incidence of the main light is not compensated but only meets the requirement of paraxial imaging, so that the super lens can have a certain angle of view, and can be matched with a CMOS sensor comprising more than one pixel on an image plane in actual use. In addition, the present application is advantageous in that it can be integrated closer to CMOS with space saving.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a super-surface imaging device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 illustrates a phase compensation structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 shows a phase compensation schematic of a phase compensation structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 illustrates a lens imaging a beam with a CRA of zero according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 illustrates a lens imaging a beam with a CRA that is not zero according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 6 illustrates a lens divided into a plurality of concentric zones according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 shows a graph of the rotation angle φ of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance Δr in each zone relative to a reference position in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 shows a graph of the rotation angle phi of a rectangular parallelepiped fin according to an embodiment of the present application as a function of the center-to-edge distance r of the supersurface;
FIG. 9 shows a graph of the rotation angle phi of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance Deltar relative to a reference position in each region according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 shows a graph of the rotation angle phi of a rectangular parallelepiped fin according to another embodiment of the present application as a function of the center-to-edge distance r of the supersurface;
FIG. 11 shows a graph of the rotation angle phi of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance Deltar relative to a reference position in each region according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 shows a graph of the rotation angle phi of a rectangular parallelepiped fin according to still another embodiment of the present application as a function of the center-to-edge distance r of the supersurface.
FIG. 13 shows a graph of the rotation angle phi of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance Deltar relative to a reference position in each region according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 14 shows a graph of the rotation angle phi of a rectangular parallelepiped fin according to still another embodiment of the present application as a function of the center-to-edge distance r of the supersurface.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the application, various aspects of the application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description is merely illustrative of exemplary embodiments of the application and is not intended to limit the scope of the application in any way. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. The expression "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be noted that in this specification, the expressions first, second, etc. are only used to distinguish one feature from another feature, and do not represent any limitation of the feature. Accordingly, a first dielectric material discussed below may also be referred to as a second dielectric material without departing from the teachings of the present application.
In the drawings, the thickness, size and shape of each component may have been slightly exaggerated for convenience of explanation. In particular, the spherical or aspherical shape shown in the drawings is shown by way of example. That is, the shape of the spherical or aspherical surface is not limited to the shape of the spherical or aspherical surface shown in the drawings. The figures are merely examples and are not drawn to scale.
Throughout the specification, when an element such as a layer, region or substrate is described as being "on," connected to, "or" coupled to "another element, the element may be directly on," directly "connected to," or directly "coupled to" the other element, or there may be one or more other elements intervening elements between the element and the other element. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" another element, there may be no other element intervening elements present.
Spatially relative terms such as "above … …," "upper," "below … …," and "lower" may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element's relationship to another element as illustrated in the figures. In addition to the orientations depicted in the drawings, these spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "upper" relative to another element would then be "below" or "lower" the other element. Thus, depending on the spatial orientation of the device, the expression "above … …" encompasses both orientations "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "having," "containing," and/or "including," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Furthermore, when a statement such as "at least one of the three" appears after a list of features listed, all features in the list are modified, rather than just individual elements in the list. Furthermore, when describing embodiments of the application, use of "may" means "one or more embodiments of the application. Additionally, the word "exemplary" is intended to mean serving as an example or illustration.
As used herein, the words "about," "approximately," and the like are used as words of table approximation, not as words of table degree, and are intended to illustrate inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In addition, the embodiments of the present application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without collision. In addition, unless explicitly defined or contradicted by context, the particular steps included in the methods described herein need not be limited to the order described, but may be performed in any order or in parallel.
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Fig. 1 illustrates a super surface imaging apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 1, there is shown a simplified diagram of imaging an object 110 on an optical axis, with distances and proportions being illustrative only. As shown, the subsurface imaging device 100 includes a diaphragm 120, at least one subsurface mirror 130, and a sensor 140, wherein the diaphragm 120, the at least one subsurface mirror 130, and the sensor 140 are disposed in order along an optical axis of the subsurface imaging device 100.
The diaphragm 120 plays a limiting role on the light beam, that is, limits the light incident to the imaging device 100 to restrict the size of the incident light beam. Center O of diaphragm 120 1 Center O of the super surface lens 130 2 Is substantially aligned in the optical axis direction. At least one of the metasurface lenses 130 is aligned with the aperture 120 and has a plurality of phase compensation structures 220 (see fig. 2 and 3), to deflect the beam of light limited by the aperture 120,thereby phase compensating the light beam. The phase compensation produced by each of the plurality of phase compensation structures 220 varies with its distance from the center of the diaphragm 120. The imaging sensor 140 receives the light and converts the light signal into an electrical signal in a proportional relationship with the light signal, i.e., converts the phase-compensated light into an electrical signal proportional to the signal of the light from the object.
In an exemplary embodiment, each of the super surface lenses 130 may include: a first portion located in a central region of the subsurface lens, the first portion comprising a first plurality of phase compensation structures; and a second portion (i.e., a portion between the central region and the edge of the super-surface lens 130) surrounding the first portion, the second portion comprising a second plurality of phase compensation structures, wherein the light beams subjected to the phase compensation by the first and second plurality of phase compensation structures are incident on the imaging sensor at first and second interference constructive locations, respectively, that do not overlap.
In the case of dividing the surface of the super-surface lens into a first portion and a second portion located in the central region, the first plurality of phase compensation structures in the first portion are symmetrical with respect to the phase shift variation introduced in a direction toward and away from the center of the super-surface lens; the second plurality of phase compensation structures of the second portion are asymmetric in terms of the variation of phase shift introduced in directions toward and away from the center of the metasurface lens.
Alternatively, the super surface lens 130 has the equivalent focal length of the plurality of phase compensation structures described above that gradually increases in a direction away from the center of the super surface lens 130.
Alternatively, the super-surface lens 130 has a plurality of phase compensation regions, each phase compensation region comprising a plurality of phase compensation structures, and wherein in at least one of the plurality of phase compensation regions, the phase compensation structures introduce asymmetric phase shift variations in directions toward and away from the center of the super-surface lens.
Since the light rays emitted from different positions on the object 110 pass through the diaphragm 120 and are coupled with O 1 -O 2 Defined by the optical axisAt various angles, and for purposes of illustration will pass through the center O of the diaphragm 120 1 The angle of the ray with respect to the optical axis is defined as the chief ray angle CRA. A series of rays centered at a particular chief ray angle from object 110 (rays 121, 122, 123 and rays 131, 132, 133 as shown in fig. 1) will introduce a Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase difference associated with the shape of the phase compensation structure through the phase compensation structure on the super-surface lens 130 and create an interference constructive location at a particular location on sensor 140 to form an image point of image 150.
Fig. 2 and 3 show schematic structures of a phase compensation structure 220 according to an embodiment of the present application, respectively. As shown, the super surface lens 130 may include a substrate 210 and a plurality of phase compensation structures 220 on the substrate. The phase compensation structure 220 is formed by a dielectric material on the transparent substrate 210. The substrate 210 may be made of an inorganic material such as ITO, alumina, zinc oxide, magnesium fluoride, or silica, or a resin-based organic transparent material. The dielectric material forming the phase compensation structure 220 may be an inorganic dielectric material, and mainly includes at least one of inorganic dielectric materials such as zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, silicon hydride, crystalline silicon, silicon nitride, amorphous silicon, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, etc., but may also include organic materials such as PMMA. The refractive index of the material forming the phase compensation structure 220 is different from the refractive index of the material forming the substrate 210, and generally requires a higher refractive index of the material forming the phase compensation structure 220. The dimensions of the individual phase compensation structures 220 are similar to or smaller than the wavelength of light, and their maximum length or height may be, for example, in the range of 50nm to 2000nm, depending on the operating band. In the super-surface lens 130, although a plurality of the above-described phase compensation structures 220 are arranged on the transparent substrate 210, the super-surface lens 130 may still be considered as a planar optical device, i.e., the super-surface lens 130 is approximately flat, since the dimensions of the phase compensation structures 220 are orders of magnitude smaller than the substrate 210.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the distance between the super surface mirror 130 and the imaging sensor 140 is smaller than the distance between the super surface mirror and the diaphragm 120, so that integration can be performed closer to CMOS with space saving. .
The phase compensation structure 220 may be rectangular parallelepiped fins, and as shown in fig. 2, each rectangular parallelepiped fin may be defined as having a length L, a width W, and a height H. H may be in the range of 200-800nm depending on the kind of material, L may be in the range of 30-500nm depending on the kind of material, and W may be in the range of 30-500nm depending on the kind of material, so as to arrange the phase compensation structure 220 on the super surface lens 130 as much as possible. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that such a cuboid fin may act as a phase adjusting effect on circularly polarized incident light, approximately as a half-wave plate, such that incident left-or right-handed circularly polarized light rotated by the fin rotation angle α emerges as right-or left-handed polarized light rotated by 2α or-2α, respectively, as shown in fig. 3. Therefore, the rotation angles of the cuboid fins are different, different PB phase differences are introduced at different positions, and the light rays of the PB phase differences at the designed focusing points are made to be constructive interference, so that the focusing effect can be achieved. For example, the distance between the sensor 140 and the super-surface lens 130 may be defined as the focal length f, and the rotation angle α of the phase compensation structure should be designed to satisfy the following conditions under the definition of paraxial imaging:
where λ is the wavelength, r is the distance of each cuboid fin from the center of the super surface lens 130, k is an integer and may preferably be 0.
Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that each individual phase compensation structure is not limited to a cuboid fin, but may employ a solid micro-nano structure such as a cuboid, a cylinder, a hemisphere, or a hollow or partially hollow micro-nano structure further having a recess or hole of a cuboid, a cylinder, a hemisphere thereon to achieve further fine tuning of the phase, so as to achieve further effects of eliminating chromatic aberration, polarization sensitivity, and the like. It should be noted in particular that the phase compensation structure may consist of a plurality of different sizes of the solid or hollow micro-nano mentioned aboveThe combination of the structures forms a single phase compensation unit, and the combination of a plurality of phase compensation units is utilized to achieve the further effects of eliminating chromatic aberration, polarization sensitivity and the like. That is, the size, spacing, and rotation angle of the phase compensation structures 220 on the super surface lens 130 may be different from each other, and are not limited to the cases of fig. 2 to 3 consistent with each other. If such a complex phase compensation structure is used, it is difficult to calculate the required size, pitch, rotation angle, etc. of the phase compensation structure 220 in an analytical form, and it is necessary to analyze using a numerical simulation method such as FDTD (finite difference time domain), finite element FEM, etc., only to satisfyThe phase compensation of (c) is sufficient.
For a broadband (or multi-wavelength) imaging scenario, λ in the above equation will vary. The plurality of phase compensation structures 220 of different wavelengths may be simply combined with each other in different spatial positions, for example, the plurality of phase compensation structures 220 of representative wavelengths may be formed as a group so that focusing effects of different wavelengths are balanced, or the plurality of phase compensation structures of representative wavelengths may be formed as different spatial portions of the super-surface lens. It is also possible to add further chromatic aberration compensation structures with introduced phase shift varying with wavelength based on a phase compensation structure designed according to a certain participating wavelength, such as a resonance mode inside a nanostructure such as a fin structure or a combined resonance mode between nanostructures, so that the provided phase shift may vary with wavelength, since it is difficult to calculate in an analytical form what kind of nanostructure or combination may provide such a phase shift varying with wavelength, a structure providing the most suitable phase shift curve is selected after a plurality of possible structures are exhausted, typically by means of computer simulation in the prior art.
In practice, since the pixels at each location on the sensor 140 can be used for imaging, not just a small area near the optical axis, this requires that different incident light rays be imaged at different locations on the plane of the sensor 140 at the same time, and is not limited to the special case of paraxial incidence in the above analysis. As shown in fig. 1, CRA of the light beams 121, 122, 123 shown by the broken lines is 0, which corresponds to the case of paraxial imaging described above. However, the CRA of beams 131, 132 and 133 shown in solid lines is not zero, and the imaging position required for the CRA beam is also different from the imaging position of paraxial beams 121, 122 and 123, in which case the phase compensation to be satisfied will also change. As shown in fig. 5, since the lens is to image an external scene with a distance far greater than the focal length in most cases, the incident beamlets can be equivalently considered as parallel light, and the required phase compensation becomes:
wherein,,
wherein lambda is the wavelength,
f is the distance (i.e. focal length) between the sensor 140 and the super surface lens 130,
f' is the distance traveled by the chief ray from the super surface lens 130 to the sensor 140,
Δr is the distance of the phase compensation structure from the intersection of the chief ray and the subsurface lens 130,
θ＝arccos(f/f’)。
it can be seen that the phase compensation is related to both f' and CRA, i.e. will vary according to the variation of the distance of the center of the diaphragm 120. The choice of f' can enable the super-surface imaging device to be suitable for sensors with different sizes. If a fin-shaped phase compensation structure is used, the angle of rotation of the fin should be phi in the above CRA 1/2 of the total number of the two, wherein for left-hand screw-in light emission, the angle of rotation is phi CRA For right-hand polarized light, the angle of rotation is phi CRA Negative 1/2 of (a). The rotation direction is opposite for different circular polarizations. The above equation is equivalent to the paraxial case only in the case of cra=0, whereas the difference in phase compensation required for CRA between 0-90 ° from the paraxial case will increase continuously。
In a simplified embodiment, the focal point may be located at a position where the chief ray extension intersects the image plane where the sensor is located:
where f/cosCRA may be defined as the equivalent focal length, i.e., the equivalent focal length should be gradually increased in the radial direction of the super surface lens 130.
To meet the above requirements, the super-surface lens 130 may be divided into a plurality of regions, which may not overlap each other, each designed to follow a CRA within a certain range. It is also possible to partially overlap each other so that the response to the CRA continuously varies in the radial direction of the lens.
As shown in fig. 6, the super surface lens 130 may be divided into concentric zones according to CRA, each zone designed according to a different CRA in the above formula. The shape of each region is not limited to the annular shape described above, but may be divided according to the shape of the super surface lens 130 itself, such as a rectangle, a polygon, an irregular shape, or the like. It is also possible to divide the super-surface lens 130 into a plurality of grids by regions in the coordinate system and to arrange different phase compensation structures within different grids according to the respective CRA and Δr and the above formula. The size or width of each concentric region may be determined based on actual micromachining capability.
Example 1
In one example, assuming a CRA of at most 30 and a wavelength of 500 nanometers, a total of 6 concentric annular regions are arranged, each region having a width (e.g., r in FIG. 6 1 、r 2 、r 3 、r 4 And r 5 ) And the diaphragm radius is 20 microns, the distance between the diaphragm and the super-surface lens is 200 microns, and f is 50 microns, the rotation angle phi of the phase compensation structure fin at the distance deltar relative to the corresponding reference position in each region is correspondingly shown in table 1 and fig. 7.
In particular, in the present illustrationIn the example, for the region with cra=0°, the reference position is the center O of the super-surface lens 130 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For the region cra=5°, the reference position is the boundary between the region cra=5° and the region cra=0°; for the region of cra=10°, the reference position is the boundary between the region of cra=10° and the region of cra=5°; for the region of cra=15°, the reference position is the boundary between the region of cra=15° and the region of cra=10°; for the region of cra=20°, the reference position is the boundary between the region of cra=20° and the region of cra=15°; for the region of cra=25°, the reference position is the boundary between the region of cra=25° and the region of cra=20°; for the region cra=30°, the reference position is the boundary between the region cra=30° and the region cra=25°.
Table 1 rotation angle phi of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance deltar from the center in each region
One significant difference is that for the case of cra=0°, the variation in phi is symmetrical in the positive and negative directions; whereas for the case where CRA is not equal to 0 °, the variation of phi in the positive direction (i.e., in the direction away from the center of the super surface lens 130) starts to be larger than the variation of phi in the negative direction (i.e., in the direction closer to the center of the super surface lens 130) at the same distance from the reference position of each region, and the difference in the variation in the positive and negative directions also tends to increase as CRA increases.
If the distance r from the center to the edge of the supersurface is taken as a reference, the rotation angles of the corresponding rectangular parallelepiped fins can be extracted from the above table and listed together as shown in table 2 and fig. 8.
TABLE 2 variation of rotation angle phi with r of rectangular parallelepiped fins
Example 2
In another example, assuming a CRA of up to 30 ° and a wavelength of 700 nm, a total of 6 concentric annular regions are arranged, each region having a width and a stop radius of 20 microns, the stop being 200 microns from the metasurface lens and f being 50 microns, the rotation angle phi of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance deltar in each region relative to the corresponding reference position is shown in tables 3 and 9, respectively. In this embodiment, the reference position is defined similarly to embodiment 1.
Table 3 rotation angle phi of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance deltar from the center in each region
If the distance r from the center to the edge of the supersurface is taken as the reference, the rotation angles of the corresponding rectangular parallelepiped fins can be extracted from the above table and listed together as shown in table 4 and fig. 10.
TABLE 4 variation of rotation angle phi with r of rectangular parallelepiped fins
| r(μm) | φ(°) | r(μm) | φ(°) | r(μm) | φ(°) | r(μm) | φ(°) |
| 0 | 0 | 35 | -117.018 | 70 | -117.138 | 105 | 0 |
| 1 | -2.57117 | 36 | -86.3583 | 71 | -153.572 | 106 | -1.92891 |
| 2 | -10.2816 | 37 | -60.2311 | 72 | -195.06 | 107 | -7.77403 |
| 3 | -23.1221 | 38 | -38.7091 | 73 | -241.631 | 108 | -17.6224 |
| 4 | -41.0772 | 39 | -21.8614 | 74 | -199.121 | 109 | -31.5602 |
| 5 | -64.1258 | 40 | -9.75365 | 75 | -162.466 | 110 | -49.6722 |
| 6 | -92.2405 | 41 | -2.4474 | 76 | -129.297 | 111 | -72.0418 |
| 7 | -125.389 | 42 | 0 | 77 | -99.7016 | 112 | -98.7505 |
| 8 | -163.531 | 43 | -2.4642 | 78 | -73.769 | 113 | -129.878 |
| 9 | -206.625 | 44 | -9.8879 | 79 | -51.5871 | 114 | -165.5 |
| 10 | -254.622 | 45 | -22.3139 | 80 | -33.2439 | 115 | -205.692 |
| 11 | -247.546 | 46 | -39.7797 | 81 | -18.8272 | 116 | -152.982 |
| 12 | -201.204 | 47 | -62.317 | 82 | -8.42388 | 117 | -125.015 |
| 13 | -159.499 | 48 | -89.9521 | 83 | -2.1199 | 118 | -99.6536 |
| 14 | -122.497 | 49 | -122.705 | 84 | 0 | 119 | -76.9736 |
| 15 | -90.2626 | 50 | -160.591 | 85 | -2.14733 | 120 | -57.0527 |
| 16 | -62.8558 | 51 | -203.616 | 86 | -8.64316 | 121 | -39.9702 |
| 17 | -40.3318 | 52 | -251.784 | 87 | -19.5666 | 122 | -25.8067 |
| 18 | -22.7412 | 53 | -218.992 | 88 | -34.9941 | 123 | -14.644 |
| 19 | -10.1296 | 54 | -178.483 | 89 | -54.9994 | 124 | -6.5656 |
| 20 | -2.53753 | 55 | -141.884 | 90 | -79.6531 | 125 | -1.65576 |
| 21 | 0 | 56 | -109.28 | 91 | -109.022 | 126 | 0 |
| 22 | -2.54636 | 57 | -80.7595 | 92 | -143.17 | 127 | -1.68469 |
| 23 | -10.2001 | 58 | -56.406 | 93 | -182.154 | 128 | -6.79694 |
| 24 | -22.9789 | 59 | -36.3032 | 94 | -226.031 | 129 | -15.4245 |
| 25 | -40.8942 | 60 | -20.533 | 95 | -176.782 | 130 | -27.6553 |
| 26 | -63.9514 | 61 | -9.17479 | 96 | -144.367 | 131 | -43.5778 |
| 27 | -92.1498 | 62 | -2.3057 | 97 | -114.999 | 132 | -63.2802 |
| 28 | -125.482 | 63 | 0 | 98 | -88.7615 | 133 | -86.8504 |
| 29 | -163.936 | 64 | -2.32887 | 99 | -65.7396 | 134 | -114.376 |
| 30 | -207.492 | 65 | -9.36001 | 100 | -46.0193 | 135 | -145.943 |
| 31 | -256.125 | 66 | -21.1574 | 101 | -29.6875 | 136 | -181.638 |
| 32 | -235.426 | 67 | -37.7808 | 102 | -16.8316 | ||
| 33 | -191.631 | 68 | -59.2858 | 103 | -7.53954 | ||
| 34 | -152.135 | 69 | -85.723 | 104 | -1.89958 |
Example 3
In yet another example, assuming a CRA of up to 30 ° and a wavelength of 500nm, a total of 6 concentric annular regions are arranged, each region having a width and a stop radius of 20 microns, the stop being 200 microns from the super surface optic and f being 60 microns, the rotation angle phi of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance deltar in each region relative to the corresponding reference position is shown in table 5 and fig. 11, respectively. In this embodiment, the reference position is defined similarly to embodiment 1.
Table 5 rotation angle phi of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance deltar from the center in each region
| Example 1 | CRA＝0° | CRA＝5° | CRA＝10° | CRA＝15° | CRA＝20° | CRA＝25° | CRA＝30° |
| Δr(μm) | φ(°) | φ(°) | φ(°) | φ(°) | φ(°) | φ(°) | φ(°) |
| 10 | -297.945 | -298.853 | -292.926 | -280.288 | -261.449 | -237.298 | -209.068 |
| 9 | -241.648 | -242.038 | -236.89 | -226.339 | -210.831 | -191.112 | -168.19 |
| 8 | -191.154 | -191.187 | -186.846 | -178.266 | -165.824 | -150.126 | -131.978 |
| 7 | -146.503 | -146.317 | -142.785 | -136.033 | -126.367 | -114.264 | -100.347 |
| 6 | -107.731 | -107.438 | -104.693 | -99.6001 | -92.399 | -83.4492 | -73.2107 |
| 5 | -74.8702 | -74.5583 | -72.5473 | -68.9212 | -63.8542 | -57.6016 | -50.4845 |
| 4 | -47.9468 | -47.6777 | -46.3246 | -43.9479 | -40.6643 | -36.6403 | -32.0824 |
| 3 | -26.9831 | -26.7927 | -25.9949 | -24.6273 | -22.7582 | -20.4832 | -17.9185 |
| 2 | -11.9967 | -11.8947 | -11.524 | -10.9029 | -10.0628 | -9.04702 | -7.9071 |
| 1 | -2.99979 | -2.96998 | -2.87334 | -2.71481 | -2.50258 | -2.24755 | -1.96264 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| -1 | -2.99979 | -2.96139 | -2.85701 | -2.69228 | -2.47591 | -2.21904 | -1.93452 |
| -2 | -11.9967 | -11.8261 | -11.3934 | -10.7227 | -9.8496 | -8.819 | -7.68216 |
| -3 | -26.9831 | -26.5614 | -25.5546 | -24.0198 | -22.0391 | -19.7141 | -17.1596 |
| -4 | -47.9468 | -47.1301 | -45.2824 | -42.5097 | -38.9611 | -34.8184 | -30.2843 |
| -5 | -74.8702 | -73.4908 | -70.5152 | -66.1164 | -60.5318 | -54.0463 | -46.9746 |
| -6 | -107.731 | -105.598 | -101.188 | -94.762 | -86.6663 | -77.3124 | -67.15 |
| -7 | -146.503 | -143.401 | -137.234 | -128.367 | -117.279 | -104.532 | -90.7307 |
| -8 | -191.154 | -186.848 | -178.583 | -166.85 | -152.285 | -135.62 | -117.638 |
| -9 | -241.648 | -235.881 | -225.161 | -210.13 | -191.599 | -170.493 | -147.796 |
| -10 | -297.945 | -290.44 | -276.894 | -258.122 | -235.133 | -209.067 | -181.126 |
The required rotation angle of the rectangular parallelepiped fins can be extracted from the above table and listed together as shown in table 6 and fig. 12 if the distance r from the center to the edge of the supersurface is taken as a reference.
TABLE 6 variation of rotation angle phi with r of rectangular parallelepiped fins
Example 4
In yet another example, assuming a CRA of up to 36 and a wavelength of 500 nanometers, a total of 6 concentric annular regions each having a width and a stop radius of 20 microns, a stop-to-metasurface lens distance of 200 microns, and f of 50 microns, the rotation angle of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance Δr from the corresponding reference position in each region should be as shown in Table 7 and FIG. 13. In this embodiment, the reference position is defined similarly to embodiment 1.
Table 7 rotation angle phi of the phase compensation structure fin at a distance deltar from the center in each region
| Example 1 | CRA＝0° | CRA＝6° | CRA＝12° | CRA＝18° | CRA＝24° | CRA＝30° | CRA＝36° |
| Δr(μm) | φ(°) | φ(°) | φ(°) | φ(°) | φ(°) | φ(°) | φ(°) |
| 10 | -356.47 | -358.019 | -347.77 | -326.042 | -294.132 | -254.294 | -209.567 |
| 9 | -289.276 | -289.937 | -281.04 | -262.928 | -236.731 | -204.321 | -168.163 |
| 8 | -228.944 | -228.994 | -221.498 | -206.793 | -185.832 | -160.126 | -131.624 |
| 7 | -175.544 | -175.219 | -169.125 | -157.574 | -141.335 | -121.591 | -99.8272 |
| 6 | -129.137 | -128.629 | -123.895 | -115.199 | -103.138 | -88.5923 | -72.6514 |
| 5 | -89.7761 | -89.2367 | -85.7723 | -79.5933 | -71.1319 | -61.0089 | -49.9761 |
| 4 | -57.5081 | -57.0431 | -54.7147 | -50.6733 | -45.207 | -38.7174 | -31.6824 |
| 3 | -32.3709 | -32.0419 | -30.6707 | -28.3504 | -25.2489 | -21.5942 | -17.6527 |
| 2 | -14.3942 | -14.2182 | -13.5819 | -12.5306 | -11.1412 | -9.51571 | -7.77139 |
| 1 | -3.59964 | -3.54819 | -3.38256 | -3.11491 | -2.76504 | -2.35856 | -1.92445 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| -1 | -3.59964 | -3.53347 | -3.35516 | -3.07851 | -2.72425 | -2.31806 | -1.88819 |
| -2 | -14.3942 | -14.1005 | -13.3629 | -12.2396 | -10.815 | -9.19183 | -7.48136 |
| -3 | -32.3709 | -31.6454 | -29.9324 | -27.3693 | -24.149 | -20.5017 | -16.6741 |
| -4 | -57.5081 | -56.105 | -52.9678 | -48.3512 | -42.6026 | -36.1293 | -29.3633 |
| -5 | -89.7761 | -87.4093 | -82.3684 | -75.0665 | -66.0522 | -55.9583 | -45.4482 |
| -6 | -129.137 | -125.481 | -118.029 | -107.395 | -94.3747 | -79.8738 | -64.8304 |
| -7 | -175.544 | -170.239 | -159.841 | -145.214 | -127.448 | -107.763 | -87.4141 |
| -8 | -228.944 | -221.592 | -207.693 | -188.402 | -165.15 | -139.515 | -113.106 |
| -9 | -289.276 | -279.448 | -261.469 | -236.835 | -207.36 | -175.021 | -141.814 |
| -10 | -356.47 | -343.706 | -321.052 | -290.39 | -253.959 | -214.175 | -173.451 |
The required rotation angle of the rectangular parallelepiped fins can be extracted from the above table and listed together as shown in table 8 and fig. 14 if the distance r from the center to the edge of the supersurface is taken as a reference.
TABLE 8 variation of rotation angle phi with r for rectangular fins
| r(μm) | φ(°) | r(μm) | φ(°) | r(μm) | φ(°) | r(μm) | φ(°) |
| 0 | 0 | 35 | -159.841 | 70 | -157.574 | 105 | 0 |
| 1 | -3.59964 | 36 | -118.029 | 71 | -206.793 | 106 | -2.35856 |
| 2 | -14.3942 | 37 | -82.3684 | 72 | -262.928 | 107 | -9.51571 |
| 3 | -32.3709 | 38 | -52.9678 | 73 | -326.042 | 108 | -21.5942 |
| 4 | -57.5081 | 39 | -29.9324 | 74 | -253.959 | 109 | -38.7174 |
| 5 | -89.7761 | 40 | -13.3629 | 75 | -207.36 | 110 | -61.0089 |
| 6 | -129.137 | 41 | -3.35516 | 76 | -165.15 | 111 | -88.5923 |
| 7 | -175.544 | 42 | 0 | 77 | -127.448 | 112 | -121.591 |
| 8 | -228.944 | 43 | -3.38256 | 78 | -94.3747 | 113 | -160.126 |
| 9 | -289.276 | 44 | -13.5819 | 79 | -66.0522 | 114 | -204.321 |
| 10 | -356.47 | 45 | -30.6707 | 80 | -42.6026 | 115 | -254.294 |
| 11 | -343.706 | 46 | -54.7147 | 81 | -24.149 | 116 | -173.451 |
| 12 | -279.448 | 47 | -85.7723 | 82 | -10.815 | 117 | -141.814 |
| 13 | -221.592 | 48 | -123.895 | 83 | -2.72425 | 118 | -113.106 |
| 14 | -170.239 | 49 | -169.125 | 84 | 0 | 119 | -87.4141 |
| 15 | -125.481 | 50 | -221.498 | 85 | -2.76504 | 120 | -64.8304 |
| 16 | -87.4093 | 51 | -281.04 | 86 | -11.1412 | 121 | -45.4482 |
| 17 | -56.105 | 52 | -347.77 | 87 | -25.2489 | 122 | -29.3633 |
| 18 | -31.6454 | 53 | -290.39 | 88 | -45.207 | 123 | -16.6741 |
| 19 | -14.1005 | 54 | -236.835 | 89 | -71.1319 | 124 | -7.48136 |
| 20 | -3.53347 | 55 | -188.402 | 90 | -103.138 | 125 | -1.88819 |
| 21 | 0 | 56 | -145.214 | 91 | -141.335 | 126 | 0 |
| 22 | -3.54819 | 57 | -107.395 | 92 | -185.832 | 127 | -1.92445 |
| 23 | -14.2182 | 58 | -75.0665 | 93 | -236.731 | 128 | -7.77139 |
| 24 | -32.0419 | 59 | -48.3512 | 94 | -294.132 | 129 | -17.6527 |
| 25 | -57.0431 | 60 | -27.3693 | 95 | -214.175 | 130 | -31.6824 |
| 26 | -89.2367 | 61 | -12.2396 | 96 | -175.021 | 131 | -49.9761 |
| 27 | -128.629 | 62 | -3.07851 | 97 | -139.515 | 132 | -72.6514 |
| 28 | -175.219 | 63 | 0 | 98 | -107.763 | 133 | -99.8272 |
| 29 | -228.994 | 64 | -3.11491 | 99 | -79.8738 | 134 | -131.624 |
| 30 | -289.937 | 65 | -12.5306 | 100 | -55.9583 | 135 | -168.163 |
| 31 | -358.019 | 66 | -28.3504 | 101 | -36.1293 | 136 | -209.567 |
| 32 | -321.052 | 67 | -50.6733 | 102 | -20.5017 | ||
| 33 | -261.469 | 68 | -79.5933 | 103 | -9.19183 | ||
| 34 | -207.693 | 69 | -115.199 | 104 | -2.31806 |
The description of the present application has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the application in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. For example, one skilled in the art can use other semiconductor processes to prepare superlenses under the teachings of the present disclosure. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the application and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the application for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (12)
1. A subsurface imaging device, said subsurface imaging device comprising:
a diaphragm for restricting an incident light beam;
at least one metasurface lens aligned with the diaphragm and having a plurality of phase compensation structures for deflecting the beam limited by the diaphragm to phase compensate it; and
an imaging sensor that converts the phase-compensated light into an electrical signal proportional to a signal of the light;
wherein the super-surface lens has a plurality of phase compensation regions, each phase compensation region comprising a plurality of phase compensation structures, and
wherein in at least one of the plurality of phase compensation regions, the phase compensation structure is asymmetric in terms of the phase shift variation introduced in a direction toward and away from the center of the subsurface lens at the same distance from a reference location of the phase compensation region, wherein the reference location is the intersection of the phase compensation region and an adjacent phase compensation region.
2. The subsurface imaging device according to claim 1, wherein a center of the diaphragm and a center of the subsurface lens are aligned in an optical axis direction.
3. The subsurface imaging device of claim 2, wherein the subsurface lens further comprises a transparent substrate, wherein the phase compensation structure is formed by a dielectric material on the transparent substrate.
4. A subsurface imaging device as recited in claim 3, wherein the dielectric material forming the phase compensation structure is an inorganic dielectric material having a refractive index different from the refractive index of the material forming the substrate.
5. The super surface imaging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the refractive index of said inorganic dielectric material is greater than the refractive index of the material forming said transparent substrate.
6. The super surface imaging device as defined in claim 4, wherein said inorganic dielectric material comprises at least one of zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, silicon hydride, crystalline silicon, silicon nitride, amorphous silicon, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide.
7. The super surface imaging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the material forming said transparent substrate is an inorganic material comprising one of conductive glass ITO, alumina, zinc oxide, magnesium fluoride, silica.
8. The super surface imaging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the material forming said transparent substrate is a resin-based organic transparent material.
9. The subsurface imaging device as recited in claim 4 wherein the distance of the subsurface lens from the imaging sensor is less than the distance of the subsurface lens from the diaphragm.
10. The super surface imaging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said phase compensation structure is formed as a rectangular parallelepiped fin.
11. The super surface imaging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the phase compensation structure is formed as a solid micro-nano structure of a cuboid, cylinder or hemisphere.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the solid micro-nano structure further has a hollow structure of a cuboid, cylinder or hemisphere formed thereon.
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| CN113485008B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2023-08-29 | 浙江舜宇光学有限公司 | Super-surface imaging device |
| CN111897036A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-06 | 南开大学 | Achromatic microlens array metasurfaces |
| CN112135028A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司 | Image sensor, imaging module and electronic device |
| CN114488525B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-23 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Super-structure surface imaging system, design method and detector |
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| CN111352237A (en) | 2020-06-30 |
| CN113485009B (en) | 2023-07-18 |
| CN113485007A (en) | 2021-10-08 |
| WO2021212811A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 |
| CN113485007B (en) | 2023-06-13 |
| CN113485009A (en) | 2021-10-08 |
| CN113485008A (en) | 2021-10-08 |
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