CN113462421A - Pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic by molten salt - Google Patents
Pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic by molten salt Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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Abstract
A pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic by molten salt comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of molten salt, (2) pretreatment of medical waste or waste plastic, (3) putting the molten salt mixed solid particles obtained by the pretreatment of molten salt in the step (1) into a molten salt storage tank; (4) putting the medical waste or waste plastic solid particles or polyvinyl chloride solid particles obtained in the step (2) into a storage bin; the high-temperature molten salt is put into the pyrolysis furnace, and meanwhile, the medical waste particles or polyvinyl chloride particles in the storage bin are put into the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis to obtain high-quality liquid oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy regeneration of plastics and biomass, in particular to a pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastics by molten salt.
Background
Five major medical consumables of medicine nature, injury nature, chemistry, pathology and infectivity that medical institution produced, mainly disposable syringe, disposable test tube, etc. it is PP and PVC plastics mainly to constitute; and personal protection and disinfection articles in daily life of residents, mainly comprising disposable protective masks, alcohol disinfection cotton, hemostatic cotton swabs and the like. These medical wastes put a great pressure on the original medical waste disposal systems of some cities, may cause secondary pollution and virus diffusion if not properly treated, and may bring a potential risk to ecological safety. Pyrolysis is a mature resource heat conversion technology, is applied to the resource recycling of medical wastes, can skip or reduce the disinfection step of the medical wastes, and directly kills viruses or bacteria existing on the medical wastes at high temperature. And the plastics such as PP, PVC and the like in the medical wastes and the biomasses such as disposable protective masks, alcohol disinfection cotton, hemostatic swabs and the like are cracked into volatile products in a high-temperature inert environment, and the volatile products are condensed to finally obtain gas, liquid and solid three-phase products. The liquid oil obtained after the pyrolysis of the medical waste contains a large amount of hydrocarbon, and the oxygen content in the liquid oil is reduced due to the co-pyrolysis of the plastic and the biomass, so that the pyrolyzed liquid product can be used as a raw material for chemical production and liquid fuel production, and the cost for cleaning the medical waste plastic is effectively reduced. However, the PVC plastic in the medical waste plastic contains a large amount of chlorine atoms, and the volatile components generated during the pyrolysis at high temperature are corrosive to some extent, so that the equipment and the pipeline need to be maintained regularly at extra cost.
The medical waste plastics not only contain plastic resources such as PP, PVC and the like, but also contain biomass resources such as masks, cotton swabs and the like, so that the pyrolysis reaction of the medical waste can be regarded as a co-pyrolysis reaction of biomass and plastics. The pyrolysis temperature range of the two reactants is large, slow heating is not suitable for pyrolysis of medical wastes, and rapid heating can enable the two reactants in the medical wastes to generate synergistic effect. However, in the conventional pyrolysis reaction, an electric furnace is usually used as an indirect heating means, and the rapid temperature rise of the indirect heating often forms a temperature field opposite to the moving direction of pyrolysis volatile components in reactants, so that the volatile components generate serious secondary reaction, which is not beneficial to the formation of liquid oil. The infrared heating is a direct heating mode, the rapid temperature rise of two substances in the medical waste can be realized by directly acting infrared light waves on reactants, and the promotion effect of an inverse temperature field on the secondary reaction of pyrolysis volatile components of the medical waste is inhibited. However, the biomass in the medical waste generally contains a large amount of moisture, and the direct application of the biomass to infrared heating usually wastes a large amount of electric energy. Therefore, the medical waste can be dehydrated in advance by utilizing the advantage of stable electric heating and heat preservation, so that the efficient co-pyrolysis of the plastic and the biomass in the medical waste is realized.
The molten salt treatment technology is a pyrolysis process proposed by Rockwell International corporation in 1965, and the oxidation performance and the thermal conductivity of organic matters are enhanced by using molten salt as a reaction medium, so that the waste is rapidly cracked, and therefore, the pyrolysis process can efficiently decompose the organic waste. When the molten salt treatment technology is applied to the pyrolysis reaction of the medical waste plastic, the excellent heat-conducting property of the molten salt can realize the rapid pyrolysis of the medical waste plastic. In addition, HCI corrosive gas released by PVC plastic in the high-temperature reaction process can be absorbed by molten salt, other inorganic matters and metals can be retained in the molten salt, and Na, K, Ca and other alkali metals in the molten salt can be used as a catalyst to promote pyrolysis of medical wastes. On the other hand, with the gradual rise of the theory of clean and environmental protection, the solar heating technology is also gradually popular, the fused salt is used as a heat conducting agent in the pyrolysis field to realize the consumption of electric energy, and in addition, the fused salt can be used as an additional catalyst and heat conducting agent to further promote the pyrolysis of medical wastes and reduce the emission of pollutants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pyrolysis method for heating medical wastes or waste plastics by molten salt, which can realize effective utilization of the medical waste plastics, reduce the cost required by cleaning treatment and pipeline maintenance of the medical waste plastics, reduce secondary pollution, obtain high-quality liquid oil and have wide application prospects in the technical fields of comprehensive utilization of the medical wastes and renewable energy sources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic by molten salt comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-treating molten salt, selecting Na2CO3、K2CO3And Li2CO3The 3 carbonates are crushed and ground to below 40 meshes, and then are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion;
(2) pretreating medical wastes or waste plastics, and crushing the selected medical wastes or waste plastics to 1-2 mm;
(3) weighing 300g of molten salt mixed solid particles obtained in the step (1) and putting the particles into a molten salt storage tank;
(4) weighing 50g of the medical waste or waste plastic solid particles or polyvinyl chloride solid particles obtained in the step (2) and putting the medical waste or waste plastic solid particles or polyvinyl chloride solid particles into a bin;
(5) checking the air tightness of the whole device by using soapy water, then opening a high-pressure gas cylinder, controlling the flow rates of 3 gas mass flowmeters a, b and c to be 200ml/min by screwing a safety valve, purging for 10min to keep the reactor in an inert environment, finally controlling the flow rate of the gas flowmeter a to be 0 by screwing the safety valve, controlling the flow rate of the gas flowmeter b to be 50ml/min and controlling the flow rate of the gas flowmeter c to be 100 ml/min;
(6) adjusting the angles and positions of the upper concave light-gathering plate and the lower reflecting plate to enable light rays to gather in the upper pyrolysis reaction furnace, starting the electric furnace when the display temperature of the display plate reaches 200 ℃ and keeps stable for 5min, and opening the blanking valve 1) after 10min to lower the molten salt into the upper pyrolysis furnace;
(7) the electric furnace continuously heats the upper pyrolysis furnace to raise the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace to 400-800 ℃, and the heating furnace at the lower part is started after 10min of heat preservation;
(8) the display panel shows that when the temperature of the lower pyrolysis furnace is 200-400 ℃, the blanking valve 2) is opened, the switch is used for transferring the high-temperature molten salt to the lower pyrolysis furnace, meanwhile, the discharging switch of the storage bin is opened, the medical waste particles or polyvinyl chloride particles in the storage bin are transferred to the lower pyrolysis furnace, and the medical waste particles or polyvinyl chloride particles stay for 30 min.
The molten salt Na described in the step (1)2CO3、K2CO3And Li2CO3The proportion is 1: 1: 1.
and (4) the gas is nitrogen used as a carrier gas for blowing out volatile components.
And (4) determining the positions and angles of the concave light-gathering plate and the reflecting plate in the step (6) in real time according to the positions of the upper reaction furnace and the electric furnace.
And (4) determining the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace in the step (6) according to the composition and proportion of the molten salt.
The target temperature of the lower pyrolysis furnace of step (7) is selected according to the type of medical waste plastics.
The heating furnace in the step (7) is an electric furnace and an infrared heating furnace.
And (7) carrying out pyrolysis reaction on the medical waste plastic and the molten salt, allowing generated plastic volatile components to enter a U-shaped condensing tube under the blowing of carrier gas to carry out gas-liquid separation, collecting gas products by an air bag after gas washing, and detecting and analyzing components of the liquid oil in real time through online gas chromatography.
And (4) the temperature of the molten salt discharged by the discharging valve in the step (8) is 400-800 ℃.
A device suitable for the pyrolysis method of the molten salt heating medical waste or waste plastic comprises a gas supply system, a pyrolysis reaction device and a product recovery system, and the specific structure and connection relationship of the components are as follows:
the gas supply system comprises a first high-pressure gas cylinder, a second high-pressure gas cylinder, a third high-pressure gas cylinder, a safety valve, a first gas mass flowmeter, a second gas mass flowmeter, a first high-pressure gas cylinder, a second high-pressure gas cylinder and a third high-pressure gas cylinder, wherein the first gas mass flowmeter, the second gas mass flowmeter and the third gas mass flowmeter are connected with the safety valve through gas guide pipes, and then are connected with the first gas mass flowmeter, the second gas mass flowmeter and the second gas mass flowmeter, the first gas mass flowmeter is connected to an upper gas inlet of a molten salt storage tank in the pyrolysis reaction device through a gas guide pipe, the second gas mass flowmeter is connected to an upper gas inlet of a storage tank in the pyrolysis reaction device through a gas guide pipe, the second gas mass flowmeter is connected to a middle gas inlet of an upper feeding pipe of a lower pyrolysis furnace in the pyrolysis reaction device through a gas guide pipe,
the pyrolysis reaction device comprises a fused salt storage tank, a first blanking valve, an upper pyrolysis furnace, a concave light-gathering plate, an electric furnace, a reflecting plate, a second blanking valve, a first thermocouple, a second thermocouple, a storage bin, a lower pyrolysis furnace, a first heating furnace, a second heating furnace, a pyrolysis zone, quartz wool, a sintering plate and a controller, wherein the fused salt storage tank is inserted into an upper central hole of the upper pyrolysis furnace and is kept airtight through a rubber ring, the first blanking valve is arranged on a blanking pipe below the fused salt storage tank, a knob screw of the first blanking valve penetrates through a pipe body part of the fused salt storage tank, two groups of concave light-gathering plates and reflecting plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace, the positions and angles of the light-gathering plates and the reflecting plates can freely move, the electric furnace is arranged on two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace and can horizontally move up and down, the first thermocouple penetrates through a hole in the bottom of the upper pyrolysis furnace, the device is arranged on an upper pyrolysis furnace, a lower discharge port of the upper pyrolysis furnace is inserted into an upper feed pipe of a lower pyrolysis furnace, the two pipes are tightly attached, a second blanking valve is arranged on the upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace, an air inlet pipe is welded outside the middle part of the upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace and is used for connecting an air supply system, a second thermocouple passes through a hole of a furnace cover of the lower pyrolysis furnace and is arranged on the lower pyrolysis furnace, a first thermocouple and a second thermocouple are respectively connected with a controller through two wires, a storage bin is arranged above the left side of the lower pyrolysis furnace, an upper feed inlet of the storage bin is connected with a second gas mass flow meter in the air supply system through an air duct, a lower discharge port of the storage bin is inserted into a hole above the left side of the lower pyrolysis furnace and is welded, the lower pyrolysis furnace can be divided into a pyrolysis area, quartz wool and a sintering plate in sequence from top to bottom, the first heating furnace is an infrared heating furnace, the second heating furnace is an electric furnace, the first heating furnace and the second heating furnace are also connected with the controller through leads, and a lower gas outlet of the lower pyrolysis furnace is connected with an upper gas inlet of a U-shaped condensing pipe in the product recovery system;
the result recovery system comprises U type condenser pipe, cooling bath, gas washing bottle, drying bottle, wet flowmeter, air pocket and online gas chromatograph, the lower part gas outlet of lower part pyrolysis oven passes through the air duct and links to each other in the upper portion air inlet of U type condenser pipe and the pyrolytic reaction device, U type condenser pipe is put in the cooling bath, the right part gas outlet of U type condenser pipe links to each other with the left part air inlet of gas washing bottle, drying bottle, wet flowmeter and air pocket link to each other with the air duct in proper order, wet flowmeter is used for gaseous volume of testing, the air pocket is used for collecting gas, online gas chromatograph installs between wet flowmeter and air pocket for real-time supervision and analysis pyrolysis gas component change.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the pyrolysis of the medical waste belongs to the co-pyrolysis of plastics (PP and PVC) and biomass (cotton swabs, masks and cotton cloth), and meanwhile, the thermal conductivity of the molten salt is stronger than that of the medical waste, and the molten salt has higher initial temperature during reaction, so that the molten salt can realize the rapid heating of the two substances in the medical waste, thereby promoting the co-pyrolysis synergistic effect of the plastics and the biomass and improving the quality and yield of pyrolysis tar.
(2) The energy storage property of the molten salt is utilized, solar energy becomes a primary heating mode of melting and heating, then the electric furnace is used as a secondary heat preservation mode to keep the temperature of the molten salt constant with lower energy consumption, the electric furnace and the infrared heating furnace are used for final heating, and finally the molten salt with high temperature is used as a heat carrier to promote the rapid pyrolysis of medical wastes and absorb corrosive gas products such as HCl released during the pyrolysis of PVC plastics in the medical waste plastics, so that the energy and the cost are saved.
(3) The selected medical waste plastic has the advantages of large annual output, low price and easy obtaining, and the pyrolysis process part kills the medical waste plastic by high temperature to contain a large amount of bacteria and viruses, thereby saving the complex and high treatment cost.
(4) The selected molten salt is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, Na+、K+、Li+The alkali metal ions have excellent catalytic performance on the pyrolysis of biomass and plastics, so that an additional catalyst is not needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastics by molten salt according to the invention.
Labeled as: the system comprises a gas supply system 1, a first high-pressure gas cylinder 101a, a second high-pressure gas cylinder 101b, a third high-pressure gas cylinder 101c, a safety valve 102, a first gas mass flow meter 103a, a second gas mass flow meter 103b, a second gas mass flow meter 103c, a pyrolysis reaction device 2, a molten salt storage tank 201, a first blanking valve 202, an upper pyrolysis furnace 203, a concave light-gathering plate 204, an electric furnace 205, a reflector 206, a second blanking valve 207, a first thermocouple 208a, a second thermocouple 208b, a bin 209, a lower pyrolysis furnace 210, a first heating furnace 211a, a second heating furnace 211b, a pyrolysis zone 212, quartz wool 213, a sintering plate 214, a controller 215, a product recovery system 3, a U-shaped condenser pipe 301, a cooling pool 302, a gas washing cylinder 303, a drying cylinder 304, a wet type flow meter 305, a gas bag 306 and an online gas chromatograph 307.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the pyrolysis apparatus for heating medical waste or waste plastic with molten salt according to the present invention includes an air supply system 1, a pyrolysis reaction apparatus 2, and a product recovery system 3, and the specific structure and connection relationship are as follows:
the gas supply system 1 comprises a first high-pressure gas cylinder 101a, a second high-pressure gas cylinder 101b, a third high-pressure gas cylinder 101c, a safety valve 102, a first gas mass flow meter 103a, a second gas mass flow meter 103b and a second gas mass flow meter 103c, wherein the gas in the first high-pressure gas cylinder 101a is N2The gas in the second high-pressure gas cylinder 101b is CO, and the gas in the third high-pressure gas cylinder 101c is CO2First high-pressure gas cylinder 101a, second high-pressure gas cylinder 101b, third high-pressure gas cylinder 101c are connected with safety valve 102 through the air duct at first, connect first gas mass flowmeter 103a again, second gas mass flowmeter 103b, second gas mass flowmeter 103c, first gas mass flowmeter 103a is connected to the upper portion air inlet of fused salt holding vessel 201 in pyrolytic reaction device 2 through the air duct, third gas mass flowmeter 103c is connected to the upper portion air inlet of feed bin 209 in pyrolytic reaction device 2 through the air duct, second gas mass flowmeter 103b is connected to the upper portion inlet pipe middle part air inlet of lower part pyrolysis furnace 210 in pyrolytic reaction device 2 through the air duct, connect the upper portion inlet pipe middle part air inlet of each component in gas supply system 1The diameter of the air duct is 6mm, and the material is rubber.
The pyrolysis reaction device 2 is divided into two-section pyrolysis and comprises a molten salt storage tank 201, a first blanking valve 202, an upper pyrolysis furnace 203, a concave light-gathering plate 204, an electric furnace 205, a reflector 206, a second blanking valve 207, a first thermocouple 208a, a second thermocouple 208b, a bin 209, a lower pyrolysis furnace 210, a first heating furnace 211a, a second heating furnace 211b, a pyrolysis zone 212, quartz wool 213, a sintering plate 214 and a controller 215, wherein the molten salt storage tank 201 is inserted into an upper central hole of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 and is kept airtight through a rubber ring, the first blanking valve 202 is installed on a blanking pipe below the molten salt storage tank 201, knob screws of the first blanking valve 202 penetrate through a pipe body part of the molten salt storage tank 201, the concave light-gathering plates 204 and the reflector 206 are 2 groups, one light-gathering plate 204 and one reflector 206 are one group, and the two groups are respectively installed on two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203, the positions and angles of the light-gathering plate 204 and the reflecting plate 206 can be freely moved, the electric furnaces 205 are arranged at two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203, the positions can be moved up and down and horizontally, the first thermocouple 208a penetrates through a hole at the bottom of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 and is arranged on the upper pyrolysis furnace 203, a lower discharge port of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 is inserted into an upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210, the two pipes are tightly attached, the second blanking valve 207 is arranged on the upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210, an air inlet pipe is welded outside the middle part of the upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210 and is used for connecting an air supply system, the second thermocouple 208b penetrates through a hole at the furnace cover of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210 and is arranged on the lower pyrolysis furnace 210, the first thermocouple 208a and the second thermocouple 208b are respectively connected with the controller 215 through two leads, the bin 209 is arranged at the upper left side of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210, the upper feed port of the bin 209 is connected with the second gas mass flow meter 103b in the air supply system 1 through an air duct, the lower part discharge gate of feed bin 209 inserts in the hole of lower part pyrolysis oven 210 upper left side and welds up, lower part pyrolysis oven 210 is from last to being divided into pyrolysis zone 212, quartzy cotton 213 and sintering plate 214 three part down in proper order, first heating furnace 211a is infrared heating furnace, second heating furnace 211b is the electric stove, electric stove 205 and first heating furnace 211a, second heating furnace 211b also link to each other with controller 215 through the wire, the lower part gas outlet of lower part pyrolysis oven 210 links to each other with the upper portion air inlet of U type condenser pipe 301 in the product recovery system 3.
The product recovery system 3 is composed of a U-shaped condensation pipe 301, a cooling pool 302, a gas washing bottle 303, a drying bottle 304, a wet type flow meter 305, a gas bag 306 and an online gas chromatograph 307. An upper air inlet of the U-shaped condenser pipe 301 is connected with a lower air outlet of the pyrolysis furnace 210 at the middle lower part of the pyrolysis reaction device 2 through an air guide pipe, the U-shaped condenser pipe 301 is placed in the cooling tank 302, liquid in the cooling tank 302 is ethylene glycol solution, the temperature is-20 ℃, a right air outlet of the U-shaped condenser pipe 301 is connected with a left air inlet of the gas washing bottle 303, the number of the gas washing bottles 303 is 3, the medicine bottles are filled with acetone, the drying bottle 304, the wet flow meter 305 and the gas bag 306 are sequentially connected through the air guide pipe, blue silica gel is filled in the drying bottle 304, the wet flow meter 305 is used for detecting the volume of gas, the gas bag 306 is used for collecting a sample, and the online gas chromatograph 307 is installed between the wet flow meter 305 and the gas bag 306 and is used for monitoring and analyzing the pyrolysis gas component change in real time.
Example 2
This embodiment is an example of a pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic with molten salt according to the present invention, and includes the following steps:
firstly, the reactant is pretreated, Na is selected2CO3、K2CO3And Li2CO3Three kinds of molten carbonate salt are crushed, ground to below 40 meshes and mixed with 1: 1: 1, mixing uniformly. The pretreatment of the medical waste or the polyvinyl chloride is carried out by simply drying and then crushing the medical waste or the polyvinyl chloride to 1-2 mm. 300g of the pretreated solid particles of the molten salt are weighed and put into a molten salt storage tank 201, and 50g of the solid particles of the medical waste plastics are weighed and put into a storage bin 209. Checking the airtightness of the whole device with soapy water, opening the high-pressure gas cylinder 101, controlling the flow rates of the first gas mass flowmeter 103a, the second gas mass flowmeter 103b and the second gas mass flowmeter 103c to be 200ml/min by screwing the safety valve 102, purging for 10min to keep the reactor in an inert environment, and controlling the first gas flowmeter 103a by screwing the safety valve 102The flow rate is 0, the flow rate of the second gas flow meter 103b is 50ml/min, and the flow rate of the third gas flow meter 103c is 100 ml/min. And adjusting the angles and the positions of the upper concave light-gathering plate 204 and the reflector 206 to gather light rays at the bottom of the upper pyrolysis reaction furnace 203, starting the electric furnace 205 after the control plate 215 displays that the temperature of the upper pyrolysis reaction furnace 203 reaches 200 ℃ and keeps stable for 5min, and opening a switch of the first blanking valve 202 to discharge the molten salt in the molten salt storage tank 201 to the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 after 10 min. The electric furnace 205 continues to heat the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to raise the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to 500 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 10min, and the infrared heating furnace 211a or the electric furnace 211b of the lower heating furnace 211 is started. When the control board 215 indicates that the temperature of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210 is 250 ℃, the switch of the second baiting valve 207 is opened to lower the molten salt having a high temperature in the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to the lower pyrolysis furnace 210. Meanwhile, a discharging switch of the bin 209 is opened, the medical waste particles or the polyvinyl chloride particles in the bin 209 are placed into the lower pyrolysis furnace 210 and stay for 30min, and the high-temperature molten salt can enable the low-temperature medical waste particles or the low-temperature polyvinyl chloride particles to be heated rapidly.
The pyrolysis atmosphere generated in the pyrolysis reaction device 2 is blown into the product recovery system 3 by the carrier gas in the gas supply system 1, and is first collected by the U-shaped condenser tube 301 in the product recovery system 3 and primary gas-liquid separation of the pyrolysis gas and the liquid oil is realized. The pyrolysis gas after the primary separation enters a gas washing bottle 303, secondary gas-liquid separation is carried out, and residual micromolecule liquid in the pyrolysis gas is removed. The pyrolysis gas after the secondary gas-liquid separation enters a drying bottle 304 to be dried and then is collected by an air bag 306, and an online gas chromatograph 307 is used for monitoring and analyzing the component change of the pyrolysis gas in real time and online.
The final yield of liquid oil was 78.3%, the yield of pyrolysis gas was 10.8%, and the composition of gas analyzed by the in-line gas chromatograph 307 was H217.2％、CH415.4％、CO20.6％、CO229.0％、C2H411.9％、C2H62.9％、C3H62.7％
Example 3
This embodiment is another example of the pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic with molten salt according to the present invention, and includes the following steps:
firstly, the reactant is pretreated, Na is selected2CO3、K2CO3And Li2CO3Three kinds of molten carbonate salt are crushed, ground to below 40 meshes and mixed with 1: 1: 1, mixing uniformly. The pretreatment of the medical waste or the polyvinyl chloride is carried out by simply drying and then crushing the medical waste or the polyvinyl chloride to 1-2 mm. 300g of the pretreated solid particles of the molten salt are weighed and put into a molten salt storage tank 201, and 50g of the solid particles of the medical waste plastics are weighed and put into a storage bin 209. Checking the air tightness of the whole device by soapy water, then opening a high-pressure gas bottle 101, screwing a safety valve 102 to control the flow rates of a first gas mass flowmeter 103a, a second gas mass flowmeter 103b and a second gas mass flowmeter 103c to be 200ml/min, purging for 10min to keep the reactor in an inert environment, finally screwing the safety valve 102 to control the flow rate of the first gas flowmeter 103a to be 0, the flow rate of the second gas flowmeter 103b to be 50ml/min and the flow rate of a third gas flowmeter 103c to be 100 ml/min. And adjusting the angles and the positions of the upper concave light-gathering plate 204 and the reflector 206 to gather light rays at the bottom of the upper pyrolysis reaction furnace 203, starting the electric furnace 205 after the control plate 215 displays that the temperature of the upper pyrolysis reaction furnace 203 reaches 200 ℃ and keeps stable for 5min, and opening a switch of the first blanking valve 202 to discharge the molten salt in the molten salt storage tank 201 to the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 after 10 min. The electric furnace 205 continues to heat the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to raise the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to 600 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 10min, and the infrared heating furnace 211a or the electric furnace 211b of the lower heating furnace 211 is started. When the control board 215 indicates that the temperature of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210 is 250 ℃, the switch of the second baiting valve 207 is opened to lower the molten salt having a high temperature in the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to the lower pyrolysis furnace 210. Meanwhile, a discharging switch of the bin 209 is opened, the medical waste particles or the polyvinyl chloride particles in the bin 209 are placed into the lower pyrolysis furnace 210 and stay for 30min, and the high-temperature molten salt can enable the low-temperature medical waste particles or the low-temperature polyvinyl chloride particles to be heated rapidly.
The pyrolysis atmosphere generated in the pyrolysis reaction device 2 is blown into the product recovery system 3 by the carrier gas in the gas supply system 1, and is first collected by the U-shaped condenser tube 301 in the product recovery system 3 and primary gas-liquid separation of the pyrolysis gas and the liquid oil is realized. The pyrolysis gas after the primary separation enters a gas washing bottle 303, secondary gas-liquid separation is carried out, and residual micromolecule liquid in the pyrolysis gas is removed. The pyrolysis gas after the secondary gas-liquid separation enters a drying bottle 304 to be dried and then is collected by an air bag 306, and an online gas chromatograph 307 is used for monitoring and analyzing the component change of the pyrolysis gas in real time and online.
The final yield of liquid oil was 71.9%, the yield of pyrolysis gas was 13.6%, and the composition of gas analyzed by the in-line gas chromatograph 307 was H216.3％、CH415.0％、CO19.3％、CO231.2％、C2H412.0％、C2H63.4％、C3H63.0％
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only some of the preferred modes for implementing the invention, and not all of them. Obviously, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic by molten salt is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-treating molten salt, selecting Na2CO3、K2CO3And Li2CO3The 3 carbonates are crushed and ground to below 40 meshes, and then are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion;
(2) pretreating medical wastes or waste plastics, and crushing the selected medical wastes or waste plastics to 1-2 mm;
(3) weighing 300g of molten salt mixed solid particles obtained in the step (1) and putting the particles into a molten salt storage tank;
(4) weighing 50g of the medical waste or waste plastic solid particles or polyvinyl chloride solid particles obtained in the step (2) and putting the medical waste or waste plastic solid particles or polyvinyl chloride solid particles into a bin;
(5) checking the air tightness of the whole device by using soapy water, then opening a high-pressure gas cylinder, controlling the flow rates of 3 gas mass flowmeters a, b and c to be 200ml/min by screwing a safety valve, purging for 10min to keep the reactor in an inert environment, finally controlling the flow rate of the gas flowmeter a to be 0 by screwing the safety valve, controlling the flow rate of the gas flowmeter b to be 50ml/min and controlling the flow rate of the gas flowmeter c to be 100 ml/min;
(6) adjusting the angles and positions of the upper concave light-gathering plate and the lower reflecting plate to enable light rays to gather in the upper pyrolysis reaction furnace, starting the electric furnace when the display temperature of the display plate reaches 200 ℃ and keeps stable for 5min, and opening the blanking valve 1) after 10min to lower the molten salt into the upper pyrolysis furnace;
(7) the electric furnace continuously heats the upper pyrolysis furnace to raise the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace to 400-800 ℃, and the heating furnace at the lower part is started after 10min of heat preservation;
(8) the display panel shows that when the temperature of the lower pyrolysis furnace is 200-400 ℃, the blanking valve 2) is opened, the switch is used for transferring the high-temperature molten salt to the lower pyrolysis furnace, meanwhile, the discharging switch of the storage bin is opened, the medical waste particles or polyvinyl chloride particles in the storage bin are transferred to the lower pyrolysis furnace, and the medical waste particles or polyvinyl chloride particles stay for 30 min.
2. The method for pyrolyzing medical waste or waste plastics through heating molten salt according to claim 1, wherein the molten salt Na in step (1)2CO3、K2CO3And Li2CO3The proportion is 1: 1: 1.
3. the method for pyrolyzing medical waste or waste plastics through heating molten salt according to claim 1, wherein the gas in step (4) is nitrogen gas used as a carrier gas for blowing out volatile components.
4. The method for pyrolyzing molten salt heated medical waste or waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein the positions and angles of the concave light-condensing plate and the reflecting plate in step (6) are determined in real time based on the positions of the upper reaction furnace and the electric furnace.
5. The method for pyrolyzing medical waste or waste plastics through heating molten salt according to claim 1, wherein the upper pyrolysis furnace temperature in the step (6) is determined according to the composition and proportion of molten salt.
6. The method for pyrolyzing medical waste or waste plastics through molten salt according to claim 1, wherein the heating furnace in step (7) is composed of an electric furnace and an infrared heating furnace.
7. The method for pyrolyzing medical waste or waste plastics through heating molten salt according to claim 1, wherein the medical waste plastics in the step (7) are pyrolyzed with molten salt, volatile components of the produced plastics enter a U-shaped condenser pipe under the blowing of carrier gas to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, gas products are collected by an air bag after being subjected to gas washing, and components of the liquid oil are detected and analyzed in real time through an online gas chromatography.
8. The method for pyrolyzing medical waste or waste plastic through heating molten salt according to claim 1, wherein the molten salt discharged from the discharge valve in the step (8) has a temperature of 400-800 ℃.
9. An apparatus suitable for the pyrolysis method of molten salt heating medical waste or waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein the components include a gas supply system, a pyrolysis reaction device and a product recovery system, and the specific structure and connection relationship of the components are as follows:
the gas supply system comprises a first high-pressure gas cylinder, a second high-pressure gas cylinder, a third high-pressure gas cylinder, a safety valve, a first gas mass flowmeter, a second gas mass flowmeter, a first high-pressure gas cylinder, a second high-pressure gas cylinder and a third high-pressure gas cylinder, wherein the first gas mass flowmeter, the second gas mass flowmeter and the third high-pressure gas cylinder are firstly connected with the safety valve through a gas guide pipe and then connected with the first gas mass flowmeter, the second gas mass flowmeter and the second gas mass flowmeter;
the pyrolysis reaction device comprises a fused salt storage tank, a first blanking valve, an upper pyrolysis furnace, a concave light-gathering plate, an electric furnace, a reflecting plate, a second blanking valve, a first thermocouple, a second thermocouple, a storage bin, a lower pyrolysis furnace, a first heating furnace, a second heating furnace, a pyrolysis zone, quartz wool, a sintering plate and a controller, wherein the fused salt storage tank is inserted into an upper central hole of the upper pyrolysis furnace and is kept airtight through a rubber ring, the first blanking valve is arranged on a blanking pipe below the fused salt storage tank, a knob screw of the first blanking valve penetrates through a pipe body part of the fused salt storage tank, two groups of concave light-gathering plates and reflecting plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace, the positions and angles of the light-gathering plates and the reflecting plates can freely move, the electric furnace is arranged on two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace and can horizontally move up and down, the first thermocouple penetrates through a hole in the bottom of the upper pyrolysis furnace, the device is arranged on an upper pyrolysis furnace, a lower discharge port of the upper pyrolysis furnace is inserted into an upper feed pipe of a lower pyrolysis furnace, the two pipes are tightly attached, a second blanking valve is arranged on the upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace, an air inlet pipe is welded outside the middle part of the upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace and is used for connecting an air supply system, a second thermocouple passes through a hole of a furnace cover of the lower pyrolysis furnace and is arranged on the lower pyrolysis furnace, a first thermocouple and a second thermocouple are respectively connected with a controller through two wires, a storage bin is arranged above the left side of the lower pyrolysis furnace, an upper feed inlet of the storage bin is connected with a second gas mass flow meter in the air supply system through an air duct, a lower discharge port of the storage bin is inserted into a hole above the left side of the lower pyrolysis furnace and is welded, the lower pyrolysis furnace can be divided into a pyrolysis area, quartz wool and a sintering plate in sequence from top to bottom, the first heating furnace is an infrared heating furnace, the second heating furnace is an electric furnace, the first heating furnace and the second heating furnace are also connected with the controller through leads, and a lower gas outlet of the lower pyrolysis furnace is connected with an upper gas inlet of a U-shaped condensing pipe in the product recovery system;
the result recovery system comprises U type condenser pipe, cooling bath, gas washing bottle, drying bottle, wet flowmeter, air pocket and online gas chromatograph, the lower part gas outlet of lower part pyrolysis oven passes through the air duct and links to each other in the upper portion air inlet of U type condenser pipe and the pyrolytic reaction device, U type condenser pipe is put in the cooling bath, the right part gas outlet of U type condenser pipe links to each other with the left part air inlet of gas washing bottle, drying bottle, wet flowmeter and air pocket link to each other with the air duct in proper order, wet flowmeter is used for gaseous volume of testing, the air pocket is used for collecting gas, online gas chromatograph installs between wet flowmeter and air pocket for real-time supervision and analysis pyrolysis gas component change.
10. The apparatus for the pyrolysis of medical waste or waste plastics heated with molten salt according to claim 9, wherein the gas in the first high-pressure gas cylinder is N2The gas in the second high-pressure gas cylinder is CO, and the gas in the third high-pressure gas cylinder is CO2。
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