CN113466381B - 一种固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法 - Google Patents
一种固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113466381B CN113466381B CN202110801382.8A CN202110801382A CN113466381B CN 113466381 B CN113466381 B CN 113466381B CN 202110801382 A CN202110801382 A CN 202110801382A CN 113466381 B CN113466381 B CN 113466381B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种固相萃取‑高效液相色谱‑串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,属于检测分析技术领域,该方法主要将预处理的人体尿液样品通过固相萃取处理后得到人体尿液浓缩样品,再经高效液相色谱串联质谱检测,即可。本发明采用固相萃取法对检测样品进行同时提取净化,可有效去除尿液中高浓度的无机盐、蛋白质和尿素等成分的干扰,降低了基质干扰效应,检测结果更准确;同时本发明可一次性同时检测出人体尿液中37种抗生素的残留情况,具有高精密度、高灵敏度、高稳定性、高选择性和检出限低、检测结果更真实可靠等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及检测分析技术领域,具体涉及到一种固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法。
背景技术
抗生素是一大类具有抑菌或者杀菌活性的药物,可以由微生物(细菌、真菌和放线菌属)或高等动植物所产生,也可以通过人工化学合成。它们主要包括磺胺类、四环素类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类和β-内酰胺类等。抗生素主要被用于人类和动物的细菌感染疾病治疗,也被作为饲料添加剂来促进动物生长。目前,中国是世界上最大的抗生素生产国和使用国。据估算,2013年中国的抗生素使用量高达16.2万吨,约占世界总量的一半,其中48%为人用。中国的抗生素千人日使用量是欧美地区的5.5~7.8倍。
然而抗生素在人或动物体内只有部分能够代谢,最高可达90%的母体通过尿液或粪便排出体外。例如,70%的氧氟沙星和30%的诺氟沙星未能被人体代谢而从尿液中排出,使得人类处于抗生素暴露环境中。抗生素会加速抗生素抗性基因和抗性菌的产生,而抗性基因和抗性菌会对人类的健康产生风险。一些抗生素还会对人体产生副作用,引起其他方面的不适,如对神经系统的刺激、对肝脏和肾脏等人体器官的损害等。因此,检测并分析人体抗生素残留情况具有非常重要的意义。
目前,饮用水、土壤、瓜果蔬菜、禽畜肉等都已被报道抗生素残留。因此,人体内的抗生素来源多种多样,需要建立一种人体内多种抗生素含量的测定方法。抗生素的检测方法主要有微生物法、免疫分析法、HPLC、毛细管电泳法、薄层色谱法等。专利CN201710778104.9公开了一种尿液的处理方法、抗生素的检测方法及应用,但人体尿液中含有大量的高浓度的无机盐、蛋白质和尿素等成分,采用传统的液液萃取法存在乳化严重、干扰基质不能有效去除和提取效率不稳定等问题,从而造成检测结果的准确度低。另外,人体尿液中抗生素的种类繁多,包括磺胺吡啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺噻唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺氯哒嗪、磺胺喹喔林、磺胺多辛、磺胺地索辛、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、马波沙星、氟罗沙星、沙氟沙星、二氟沙星、四环素、土霉素、强力霉素、金霉素、甲烯土霉素、脱水红霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、北里霉素、林可霉素、氟苯尼考、奥普美林、甲氧苄啶和卡巴多共7类37种抗生素,现有检测方法未见可一次性同时检测人体尿液中上述37种抗生素的报道。
发明内容
针对上述不足,本发明的目的是提供一种固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,可有效解决现有人体尿液抗生素检测技术中因无机盐和蛋白质等组分分离困难引起检测准确度低的问题,且本发明建立了提取、富集、测定的前处理分析方法,在短时间内就可一次性同时检测人体尿液中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、大环内酯类、林可霉素、氟苯尼考和卡巴多七大类37种抗生素,其中磺胺噻唑、磺胺地索辛、马波沙星、北里霉素、奥美普林和卡巴多均为首次报道其人体尿液检测方法。
为达上述目的,本发明采取如下的技术方案:
本发明提供一种固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,将预处理的人体尿液样品通过固相萃取处理后得到人体尿液浓缩样品,再经高效液相色谱串联质谱检测,即可。
进一步地,上述固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤(1)预处理:将内标、1M醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液和β-葡萄糖醛酸酶加入人体尿液样品中,30~40℃温度下孵育10~14小时;
步骤(2)富集净化:将步骤(1)所得的人体尿液样品通入活化的HLB柱(固相萃取柱),再用超纯水和30%(v%)的甲醇水溶液依次淋洗,并在真空条件下抽干;
步骤(3)洗脱:将步骤(2)所得的HLB柱用体积比为8~12:85~95:1的甲醇:乙腈:甲酸作为洗脱液进行洗脱,收集洗脱液并浓缩,得到人体尿液浓缩样品;
步骤(4)HPLC-MS/MS检测:将步骤(3)所得的人体尿液浓缩样品用0.1%(v%)甲酸水溶液:甲醇=75~85:17~26的混合液定容,然后进行高效液相色谱串联质谱检测抗生素。
进一步地,步骤(1)中孵育温度为37℃,时间为12小时。
进一步地,步骤(1)中内标为环丙沙星-d8、环丙沙星-13C3,15N、脱水红霉素-13C-d3、林可霉素-d3、磺胺甲嘧啶-d4、磺胺二甲嘧啶-13C6、磺胺甲噁唑-d4、噻苯咪唑-d4、甲氧苄氨嘧啶-d3和甲氯环素。
进一步地,步骤(1)中HLB柱的活化过程为:依次用甲醇和超纯水活化HLB柱。
进一步地,步骤(1)中醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液的添加量为15%~25%(v/v),β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的添加量为1%~3%(v/v)。
进一步地,步骤(1)中醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液的pH为5。
进一步地,步骤(3)中甲醇:乙腈:甲酸的体积比为10:90:1。
进一步地,步骤(4)中高效液相色谱的参数为:色谱柱为C18柱,2.1×100mm,1.7μm;流动相为甲醇:0.1%的甲酸溶液=84~93:8~12(v:v),采用梯度洗脱方式;流速为0.2~0.4mL/min;柱温为30~50℃;进样量为5-10uL。
进一步地,步骤(4)中高效液相色谱的流动相为甲醇:0.1%的甲酸溶液=90:10(v:v),采用梯度洗脱方式;流速为0.3mL/min;柱温为40℃。
进一步地,步骤(4)中质谱的参数为:电喷雾离子源(ESI+),多反应监测模式(MRM),毛细管电压为2.5-3.0kV,离子源温度为120-150℃,脱溶剂气温度为300-500℃,脱溶剂气流量为800-1000L/h,锥孔反吹气流量为50-150L/h,碰撞气流量为0.13~0.18mL/min,雾化气为6~8bar。
进一步地,步骤(4)中质谱的碰撞气流量为0.17mL/min,雾化气为7bar。
进一步地,步骤(4)中抗生素包括磺胺吡啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺噻唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺氯哒嗪、磺胺喹喔林、磺胺多辛、磺胺地索辛、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、马波沙星、氟罗沙星、沙氟沙星、二氟沙星、四环素、土霉素、强力霉素、金霉素、甲烯土霉素、脱水红霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、北里霉素、林可霉素、氟苯尼考、奥普美林、甲氧苄啶和卡巴多。
综上所述,本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明建立了样品预处理、提取、净化和浓缩的前处理分析方法,采用固相萃取法对检测样品进行同时提取净化,利用目标组分与共存干扰组分在固定吸附剂上作用力强弱不同,选择性吸附目标组分,而人体尿液中的无机盐、蛋白质和尿素成分等干扰组分直接流出,从而显著降低基质干扰效应,检测结果更准确,有效解决了传统液液萃取法在处理人体尿液中存在的乳化严重、干扰基质不能有效去除和提取效率不稳定等问题。
2、本发明所采用的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法选择性好,灵敏度高,检测速度快,通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱并于特定的高效液相色谱和质谱参数条件下,可实现一次性同时检测出人体尿液中7大类37种抗生素的残留情况,在4min内就可以对其进行快速的分离检测,操作简单、高效。
3、本发明检测覆盖的抗生素种类广、数量多,包括磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、大环内酯类、林可霉素、氟苯尼考和卡巴多七大类37种抗生素。其中,磺胺噻唑、磺胺地索辛、马波沙星、北里霉素、奥美普林和卡巴多均为首次报道其人体尿液检测方法,对于评估人体抗生素残留情况具有广泛的实际应用价值和意义。
附图说明
图1为人工模拟尿液中三个加标水平(0.05、0.5和5ng/mL)的回收率(%,n=3);
图2-4为本发明中37种抗生素及其内标的总离子流(TIC)图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明,即所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
因此,以下对提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本例提供一种固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤(1)预处理:将内标、1M醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液和β-葡萄糖醛酸酶加入人体尿液样品中,37℃温度下孵育12小时;其中,醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液的添加量为20%(v/v),β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的添加量为2%(v/v),醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液的pH为5;
步骤(2)富集净化:将步骤(1)所得的人体尿液样品通入活化的HLB柱(固相萃取柱活化过程为:依次用甲醇和超纯水活化HLB柱),再用超纯水和30%(v%)的甲醇水溶液依次淋洗,并在真空条件下抽干;
步骤(3)洗脱:将步骤(2)所得的HLB柱采用体积比为10:90:1的甲醇:乙腈:甲酸作为洗脱液进行洗脱,收集洗脱液并浓缩,得到人体尿液浓缩样品;
步骤(4)HPLC-MS/MS检测:将步骤(3)所得的人体尿液浓缩样品用0.1%(v%)甲酸水溶液:甲醇=80:20的混合液定容,然后进行高效液相色谱串联质谱检测抗生素;其中,HPLC-MS/MS的色谱条件为:色谱柱:C18柱,2.1×100 mm,1.7μm;流动相:甲醇:0.1%的甲酸溶液(90:10,v:v);采用梯度洗脱方式;流速:0.3mL/min;柱温:40℃;进样量:5-10μL;HPLC-MS/MS的质谱条件为:电喷雾离子源(ESI+),多反应监测模式(MRM),毛细管电压:2.5-3.0kV,离子源温度:120-150℃,脱溶剂气温度:300-500℃,脱溶剂气流量:800-1000L/h,锥孔反吹气流量:50-150L/h,碰撞气流量:0.17mL/min,雾化气:7bar;其中,具体以1mL人工模拟尿液为空白基质,分别添加0.05ng、0.5ng和5ng抗生素混标,平行分析3次,考察方法的准确度和精密度。
由图1-4可知:各磺胺类抗生素的回收率均在71%~119%之间,RSD在1%~22%之间;各喹诺酮类抗生素的回收率均在70%~128%之间,RSD在0.4%~23%之间;各四环素类抗生素的回收率均在53%~139%之间,RSD在5%~24%之间;各大环内酯类抗生素的回收率均在86%~113%之间,RSD在3%~22%之间;其他三种抗生素的回收率均在90%~128%之间,RSD在1%~22%之间;表明本方法能够准确、可靠地一次性同时检测人体尿液中的37种痕量抗生素,37种抗生素的的分离度好,基线平稳,具有高精密度、高灵敏度、高稳定性、高选择性和检出限低、检测结果更真实可靠的优点。其中,图1中每一组物质中对应的3组数据从上至下依次均代表为5ng/mL、0.5ng/mL和0.05ng/mL抗生素混标下所测结果;图2-4中MC为甲氯环素、TMP-D3为甲氧苄氨嘧啶-d3、SMZ-13C6为磺胺二甲嘧啶-13C6、LIN-D3为林可霉素-d3、SMR-D4为磺胺甲嘧啶-d4、SMX-D4为磺胺甲噁唑-d4、CFX-D8为环丙沙星-d8、CIP-13C3为环丙沙星-13C3,15N、TBD-D4为噻苯咪唑-d4和ETM-13C-D3为脱水红霉素-13C-d3。
实验例
本例采用与实施例1相同的方法检测广州收集的4个未知人体尿液样品,实验结果如表1所示。共检出了11种磺胺类抗生素、2种喹诺酮类抗生素、4种四环素类抗生素、3种大环内酯类抗生素、林可霉素和氟苯尼考;总浓度范围为0.67ng/mL~5.70ng/mL,其中,磺胺甲恶唑的含量最高。
表1广州4个未知人体尿液样本中抗生素检测结果(ng/mL)
通过上述结果可知,本发明检测方法,37种抗生素的的分离度好,基线平稳,具有高精密度、高灵敏度、高稳定性、高选择性和检出限低、检测结果更真实可靠的优点。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明结构所作的举例和说明,所属本领域的技术人员不经创造性劳动即对所描述的具体实施例做的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代仍属本专利的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤(1)预处理:将内标、醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液和β-葡萄糖醛酸酶加入人体尿液样品中,30~40℃温度下孵育10~14小时;所述醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液的pH为5;
步骤(2)富集净化:将步骤(1)所得的人体尿液样品通入活化的HLB柱,再用超纯水和体积百分比为30%的甲醇水溶液依次淋洗,并在真空条件下抽干;
步骤(3)洗脱:将步骤(2)所得的HLB柱采用体积比为8~12:85~95:1的甲醇:乙腈:甲酸作为洗脱液进行洗脱,收集洗脱液并浓缩,得到人体尿液浓缩样品;
步骤(4)HPLC-MS/MS检测:将步骤(3)所得的人体尿液浓缩样品用体积百分数为0.1%的甲酸水溶液:甲醇=75~85:17~26的混合液定容,然后进行高效液相色谱串联质谱检测抗生素;高效液相色谱的参数为:色谱柱为C18柱,2.1 × 100 mm,1.7 µm;流动相为甲醇:体积百分数为0.1%的甲酸溶液=90:10,采用等度洗脱方式;流速为0.2~0.4mL/min;柱温为30~50℃;进样量为5-10mL;所检测的抗生素包括磺胺吡啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺噻唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺氯哒嗪、磺胺喹喔林、磺胺多辛、磺胺地索辛、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、马波沙星、氟罗沙星、沙氟沙星、二氟沙星、四环素、土霉素、强力霉素、金霉素、甲烯土霉素、脱水红霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、北里霉素、林可霉素、氟苯尼考、奥普美林、甲氧苄啶和卡巴多。
2.如权利要求1所述的固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中孵育温度为37℃,时间为12小时。
3.如权利要求1所述的固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液的体积百分比为15%~25%,β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的体积百分比为1%~3%。
4.如权利要求1所述的固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液的pH为5。
5.如权利要求1所述的固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中甲醇:乙腈:甲酸的体积比为10:90:1。
6.如权利要求1所述的固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,其特征在于,所述流动相的流速为0.3mL/min;柱温为40℃。
7.如权利要求1所述的固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体尿液中抗生素的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中质谱的参数为:电喷雾离子源为ESI+,采用多反应监测模式,毛细管电压为2.5-3.0kV,离子源温度为120-150℃,脱溶剂气温度为300-500℃,脱溶剂气流量为800-1000L/h,锥孔反吹气流量为50-150L/h,碰撞气流量为0.13~0.18mL/min,雾化气为6~8bar。
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