CN113452995A - Data coding and decoding method and device with different scanning directions of current string and reference string - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a data encoding and decoding method and device in which the current string and the reference string have different scanning directions, and provides a current string and a reference string adopting opposite scanning directions within a row or column and/or adopting opposite scanning directions between rows or columns A method and apparatus for string predictive encoding and string predictive decoding. The method and device can multiplex reference strings through forward and reverse matching, and can store more reference strings in a limited space. In the case of hardware implementation, this method can save a lot of on-chip storage space and silicon area.

Description

Data encoding and decoding method and device for current string and reference string with different scanning directions

technical field

The invention relates to a coding and decoding system for lossy or lossless compression of data, in particular to a coding method and a decoding method for compressing multi-component data in partial component downsampling format.

Background technique

As human society enters artificial intelligence, big data, virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, cloud computing, mobile computing, cloud-mobile computing, ultra-high-definition (4K) and ultra-high-definition (8K) video image resolution, 4G/ In the era of 5G communication, it has become an indispensable technology to perform ultra-high compression ratio and high-quality data compression on various data, including big data, image data, video data, and various new forms of data.

A dataset is a collection of data elements (eg: bytes, bits, pixels, pixel components, spatial samples, transform domain coefficients).

When encoding or decoding a data set (referred to as encoding and decoding for short), the data elements are usually sorted according to a predetermined rule, that is, the order is specified, and the encoding and decoding are performed in the order.

For data sets arranged in a certain spatial (one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or multi-dimensional) shape (for example: a one-dimensional data queue, a two-dimensional data file, a frame image, a video sequence, a transform domain, a transform block, Multiple transform blocks, a 3D scene, a sequence of continuously changing 3D scenes), especially when a two-dimensional or more data set is encoded (and correspondingly decoded) for data compression, the data set is sometimes divided into several A subset of a predetermined shape and/or size (ie, the number of elements) is called an integer compression unit, and is encoded or decoded one by one in a predetermined order with the integer compression unit as a unit. At any time, the integer compression unit that is being encoded or decoded is called the current integer compression unit. The data element that is being encoded or decoded (sometimes also referred to as an element for short) is referred to as a currently encoded data element or a currently decoded data element, collectively referred to as a current data element, or referred to as a current element for short. An element consists of N components (usually 1≤N≤5), so both the dataset and the integer compression unit also consist of N components. The components of an element are also called component elements.

For example, the elements of a frame of image, that is, the pixels, are arranged in a rectangular shape, with a size (resolution) of 1920 (width) x 1080 (height), and are composed of 3 components: G (green) component, B (blue) component, R (red) component or Y (luminance) component, U (Cb chrominance) component, V (Cr chrominance) component.

The relationship between the multi-component data set to be coded and the sampling rate of each component of the integral compression unit is usually expressed in a sampling format. For example, for an array of a class of two-dimensional data elements including computer-generated images containing graphics and text, a sampling format called 4:4:4 (444 for short) is usually used, where all three components of the data set are have the same sample rate and size (ie, the number of component samples). For arrays of another type of two-dimensional data elements, including natural images and videos captured by cameras, a sampling format called 4:2:0 (420 for short) is usually used, which is a dataset with a rectangular shape and 3 components The sampling rate and size of 2 components (D and E components) called secondary components (such as images or videos) are respectively a quarter of that of the other component called primary component (F component), which is the main component. There is a 4:1 downsampling relationship between components and subcomponents. In this case, one D component D[i][j] and one E component E[i][j] correspond to four (2×2) F components F[2i][2j], F[2i+ 1][2j], F[2i][2j+1], F[2i+1][2j+1]. If the resolution of the F component is 2M×2N (2M component elements horizontally, 2N component elements vertically), that is, the F component of the data set is F={F[m][n]: m=0～2M-1, n=0～2N-1}, then the resolutions of the D component and the E component are M×N (horizontal M component elements, vertical N component elements), that is, the D component and the E component of the data set are respectively D ={D[m][n]: m=0～M-1, n=0～N-1} and E={E[m][n]: m=0～M-1, n=0～ N-1}. Where higher quality is also required for the secondary components, a sampling format called 4:2:2 (422 for short) is often used, which is a data set (such as an image or video) with a rectangular shape and 3 components. The sampling rate and size of the two secondary components (D component and E component) are respectively one-half of the other primary component (F component), that is, there is a 2:1 downsampling relationship between the primary component and the secondary component. In this case, one D component D[i][j] and one E component E[i][j] correspond to two (2 ×1) F components F[2i][j] and F[2i+1][j]. If the resolution of the F component is 2M×N, that is, the F component of the data set is F={F[m][n]: m=0～2M-1, n=0～N-1}, then the D component The resolutions of the and E components are M×N respectively, that is, the D and E components of the data set are respectively D={D[m][n]: m=0～M-1, n=0～N-1 } and E={E[m][n]: m=0~M-1, n=0~N-1}. In images and videos using the YUV color format, the above-mentioned F, D, E components are usually Y, U, V components, respectively. In images and videos in the RGB color format, the above-mentioned F, D, and E components are usually G, B, R components or G, R, B components, respectively. Where the data is an image or video, the sampling format is also often referred to as the chroma format.

In the case where the data set is divided into integer compression units, a predetermined rule for sorting is to first sort the integer compression units, and then sort the elements within each integer compression unit.

An effective means of data compression is string prediction, also known as string matching. String prediction arranges the elements of a current whole compression unit according to a predetermined scanning method and then divides them into variable-length element strings. In the set of encoded and decoded elements or a subset thereof, obtain a reference element string with the same or similar value as the current string, referred to as a reference string for short, also referred to as the reference string or prediction string or matching of the current string string. The error between the value of each element on the current string and the value of the corresponding matching element on the reference string does not exceed a predetermined threshold. For a reference string of a current string, it is only necessary to use several parameters to record the position and/or shape and/or size and/or dimension of the reference string within the reference set, instead of recording each item in the current string one by one The value of the element itself can completely represent all the elements and their values of the current string, so as to achieve the purpose of data compression.

For example, for a current string arranged in a predetermined scanning manner, if the corresponding reference string can be found in the reference set, only the first element of the current string, that is, the start element, and the first element of the reference string, that is, the start element, need to be used. The position relationship between elements and the string length are two parameters to record the position and size of the reference string in the reference set, without the need to record the value of each element in the current string one by one, it can be completely represented All elements of the current string and their values. The number of bits consumed by recording the two parameters is often far less than the number of bits consumed by recording the value of each element in the current string one by one, thereby achieving the purpose of data compression.

In string prediction, unpredictable elements may also occur where the reference element cannot be found in the reference set. The components, primary components, and secondary components of unpredictable elements are called unpredictable components, unpredictable primary components, and unpredictable secondary components, respectively.

Scans frequently used in string prediction include:

Horizontal raster scanning: The elements in an entire compression unit are arranged element by element in the horizontal direction, and after arranging one row, the next row is arranged. All in-line scanning directions are arranged from left to right or all in-line scanning directions are from right to right. Arrange left.

or

Horizontal back-and-forth scanning is also called round-trip scanning or bow scanning: the elements in an entire compression unit are arranged element by element in the horizontal direction, and the next row is arranged after one row is arranged. The left-to-right arrangement and the in-line scanning direction of the other row are arranged from right to left, the row arranged from left to right is called forward row, and the row arranged from right to left is called reverse row;

or

Vertical raster scanning: The elements in an entire compression unit are arranged one element by one in the vertical direction. After arranging one column, the next column is arranged. The scanning direction in all columns is arranged from top to bottom or the scanning direction in all columns is from top to bottom. bottom to top;

or

Vertical back-and-forth scanning is also known as round-trip scanning or bow scanning: the elements in an entire compression unit are arranged element by element in the vertical direction, and after arranging one column, the next column is arranged, and the in-column scanning direction of one of any two adjacent columns is The columns arranged from top to bottom are arranged from top to bottom and the scanning direction of another column is from bottom to top. The columns arranged from top to bottom are called forward columns, and the columns arranged from bottom to top are called reverse columns.

The scan of the string, that is, the first element in the arrangement is called the start element, and the scan of the string, that is, the last element in the arrangement, is called the end element.

A special case of string prediction is block prediction, also known as block matching. In this particular case, each string forms a rectangular shaped block.

In the existing string prediction coding technology, in the horizontal (raster or back and forth) scanning mode, the starting line of scanning is the top line of the string, that is, the top line, and the scanning direction between lines is progressive scanning from top to bottom, and the end line is scanned. It is the bottom row of the string, that is, the bottom row; in the vertical (raster or back and forth) scanning mode, the starting column of the scan is the leftmost column of the string, that is, the leftmost column, and the scanning direction between columns is from left to right column by column Scanning, the final column is the rightmost column of the string, the rightmost column.

In the existing string prediction coding technology, the current string and the reference string have the same scanning mode and the same scanning direction. For example, both the current string and the reference string are horizontally scanned back and forth, and the starting lines are all forward lines, that is, the scanning direction within the line is arranged from left to right, and the starting line is also the top line, that is, the scanning direction between lines is both. Scan line by line from top to bottom.

To sum up, in the horizontal (raster or back and forth) scanning mode, the scanning direction includes the intra-line scanning direction and the inter-line scanning direction. In the vertical (raster or back and forth) scanning mode, the scanning direction includes an intra-column scanning direction and an inter-column scanning direction. In the existing string prediction coding technology, the current string and the reference string not only have the same scanning mode, but also have the same scanning direction.

However, in many occasions, the following situations exist in the content to be encoded:

1) The inline scanning direction of the current string and the potential matching reference string are opposite,

and / or

2) The interline scanning direction of the current string and the potential matching reference string are opposite.

The existing string prediction coding technology does not take into account these situations existing in the content to be coded, which affects the coding efficiency.

In this patent application, for the sake of brevity and clarity of description, the term "row or column" is used to mean "a row in a horizontal scanning manner or a column in a vertical scanning manner".

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve this problem in the existing string predictive coding technology, the present invention provides a method for performing string predictive coding using opposite scanning directions within rows or columns and/or opposite scanning directions between rows or columns for the current string and the reference string. A method and apparatus for string prediction decoding.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a coding method for string prediction is provided, which at least includes the steps of completing the following functions and operations: a current string and a reference string

Use the opposite row or column scan direction;

and / or

Use the opposite row or column scan direction.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an encoding device for string prediction is provided, which at least includes modules for completing the following functions and operations: a current string and a reference string

Use the opposite row or column scan direction

and / or

Use the opposite row or column scan direction.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a decoding method for string prediction is provided, which at least includes the steps of completing the following functions and operations: a current string and a reference string

Use the opposite row or column scan direction

and / or

Use the opposite row or column scan direction.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a decoding apparatus for string prediction is provided, which at least includes modules for completing the following functions and operations: a current string and a reference string

Use the opposite row or column scan direction

and / or

Use the opposite row or column scan direction.

The present invention is applicable to encoding and decoding for lossy compression of data, and the present invention is also applicable to encoding and decoding for lossless compression of data. The present invention is applicable to encoding and decoding of one-dimensional data such as string data or byte string data or one-dimensional graphics or fractal graphics, and the present invention is also applicable to data of two or more dimensions such as images, image sequences or video data encoding and decoding.

In the present invention, the data involved in data compression includes one or a combination of the following types of data

1) One-dimensional data;

2) Two-dimensional data;

3) Multidimensional data;

4) Graphics;

5) Fractal graphics;

6) Image;

7) Sequence of images;

8) Video;

9) Audio;

10) Documents;

11) bytes;

12) bits;

13) pixels;

14) 3D scene;

15) A sequence of continuously changing three-dimensional scenes;

16) Virtual reality scene;

17) Sequence of continuously changing VR scenes

18) Image in pixel form;

19) Transform domain data of the image;

20) A collection of two-dimensional or more than two-dimensional bytes;

21) A collection of two-dimensional or more than two-dimensional bits;

22) a collection of pixels;

23) a set of single-component pixels;

24) A set of three-component pixels (R, G, B, A);

25) A set of three-component pixels (Y, U, V);

26) A set of three-component pixels (Y, Cb, Cr);

27) A set of three-component pixels (Y, Cg, Co);

28) A set of four-component pixels (C, M, Y, K);

29) A set of four-component pixels (R, G, B, A);

30) A set of four-component pixels (Y, U, V, A);

31) A set of four-component pixels (Y, Cb, Cr, A);

32) A set of four-component pixels (Y, Cg, Co, A).

The technical features of the present invention are described above through some specific specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and functions of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string have opposite intra-line scanning directions and the same inter-line scanning direction in horizontal back-and-forth scanning, wherein FIG. 1(a) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 lines. For example, Fig. 1(b) is an example in which 16 pixels occupy a complete 4-line string.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string have the same intra-line scanning direction and opposite inter-line scanning direction in the horizontal back-and-forth scanning, wherein FIG. 2(a) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 lines. For example, Fig. 2(b) is an example in which 16 pixels occupy a complete 4-line string.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string have opposite intra-line scanning directions and opposite inter-line scanning directions in horizontal back-and-forth scanning, wherein FIG. 3(a) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 lines. For example, FIG. 3(b) is an example in which 16 pixels occupy a complete 4-line string.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string have opposite intra-line scanning directions and the same inter-line scanning direction in horizontal raster scanning, wherein FIG. 4( a ) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 lines. For example, FIG. 4(b) is an example in which 16 pixels occupy a complete 4-line string.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string have the same intra-line scanning direction and opposite inter-line scanning direction in horizontal raster scanning, wherein FIG. 5(a) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 lines. For example, FIG. 5(b) is an example in which 16 pixels occupy a complete 4-line string.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string have opposite intra-line scanning directions and opposite inter-line scanning directions in horizontal raster scanning, wherein FIG. 6(a) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 lines. For example, Fig. 6(b) is an example in which 16 pixels occupy a complete 4-line string.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string have the same intra-column scanning direction and opposite inter-column scanning direction in vertical back-and-forth scanning, wherein FIG. 7( a ) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 columns 7(b) is an example of a string with 16 pixels occupying a complete 4-column.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string in the vertical back-and-forth scanning have opposite intra-column scanning directions and the same inter-column scanning direction, wherein FIG. 8( a ) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 columns 8(b) is an example of a string with 16 pixels occupying a complete 4-column.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string have opposite intra-column scanning directions and opposite inter-column scanning directions in vertical back-and-forth scanning, wherein FIG. 9( a ) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 columns 9(b) is an example of a string in which 16 pixels occupy a complete 4-column.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of string prediction in vertical raster scanning when the current string and the reference string have the same intra-column scanning direction and opposite inter-column scanning direction, wherein FIG. 10( a ) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 columns 10(b) is an example of a string with 16 pixels occupying a complete 4-column.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string in vertical raster scanning have opposite intra-column scanning directions and the same inter-column scanning direction, wherein FIG. 11( a ) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 columns 11(b) is an example of a string with 16 pixels occupying a complete 4-column.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of string prediction when the current string and the reference string in vertical raster scanning have opposite intra-column scanning directions and opposite inter-column scanning directions, wherein FIG. 12( a ) is a string with 13 pixels occupying incomplete 3 columns 12(b) is an example of a string with 16 pixels occupying a complete 4-column.

Detailed ways

The following are further details of the implementation of the present invention.

Example 1

In the encoding, decoding method or apparatus, where the original data is an array or a sequence of arrays of two-dimensional data elements comprising an image, a sequence of images, a video,

The whole compression unit involved in string prediction includes macroblock, coding unit CU, sub-region of CU, sub-coding unit SubCU, prediction block, prediction unit PU, sub-region of PU, sub-prediction unit SubPU, transform block, transform unit TU, TU sub-region, sub-transform unit SubTU.

Example 2

In the encoding and decoding method or apparatus, the scanning modes involved in the string prediction include horizontal raster scanning, horizontal back-and-forth scanning, vertical raster scan, and vertical back-and-forth scanning.

Example 3

In the encoding and decoding method or device,

data is an array or sequence of arrays of two-dimensional data elements in 420-sample format;

or,

data is an array or sequence of arrays of two-dimensional data elements in 422-sample format;

or,

The data is an array or sequence of arrays of two-dimensional data elements in 444-sample format.

Example 4

In the encoding and decoding method or apparatus, the scanning directions of the current string and the reference string have the following relationship:

1-1) The current string and the reference string have opposite scanning directions within a row or column, and have the same scanning direction between rows or columns;

or,

1-2) The current string and the reference string have the same scanning direction within a row or column, and have opposite scanning directions between rows or columns;

or,

1-3) The current string and the reference string have opposite scanning directions within a row or column, and have opposite scanning directions between rows or columns;

or,

2-1) In the case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its topmost row;

or,

2-2) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its bottommost row;

or,

2-3) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its bottommost row;

or,

2-4) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its topmost row;

or,

2-5) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its bottommost row;

or,

2-6) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its bottommost row;

or,

2-7) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its bottommost row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its topmost row;

or,

2-8) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its bottommost row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its topmost row;

or,

2-9) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its bottommost row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its bottommost row;

or,

2-10) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its bottommost row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its topmost row;

or,

2-11) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its bottom row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its topmost row;

or,

2-12) In the case of horizontal raster scanning mode or horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its bottom row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its bottom row;

Alternatively, 2-1) to 2-12) can be summed up as

2) In the case of the horizontal raster scanning mode or the horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of the topmost row, the rightmost element of the topmost row, the leftmost element of the bottommost row, and the bottommost row. and the starting element of the reference string is also one of the leftmost element of the topmost row, the rightmost element of the topmost row, the leftmost element of the bottommost row, and the rightmost element of the bottommost row, but The starting element of the current string and the starting element of the reference string are not both the leftmost element of the topmost row, the rightmost element of the topmost row, and the leftmost element of the bottommost row at the same time. , are also the rightmost element of the bottom row;

or,

3-1) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the topmost element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-2) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottommost element of its leftmost column;

or,

3-3) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottommost element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-4) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the topmost element of its leftmost column;

or,

3-5) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottommost element of its leftmost column;

or,

3-6) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottommost element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-7) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottommost element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the topmost element of its leftmost column;

or,

3-8) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottommost element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the topmost element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-9) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottommost element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottommost element of its rightmost column. ;

or,

3-10) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottommost element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the topmost element of its leftmost column;

or,

3-11) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottommost element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the topmost element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-12) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottommost element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottommost element of its leftmost column. ;

Alternatively, 3-1) to 3-12) can be summed up as

3) In the case of vertical raster scanning mode or vertical back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of the leftmost column, the topmost element of the rightmost column, the bottommost element of the leftmost column, and the rightmost element of the leftmost column. One of the bottommost elements of a column and the starting element of the reference string is also its topmost element in the leftmost column, the topmost element in the rightmost column, the bottommost element in the leftmost column, and the bottommost element in the rightmost column One, but the starting element of the current string and the starting element of the reference string are not both the topmost element of the leftmost column, the topmost element of the rightmost column, and the leftmost column at the same time. The bottommost element of , is also the bottommost element of the rightmost column;

or,

4-1) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the upper left element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the upper right element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-2) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the upper left corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the lower left corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-3) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the upper left corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the lower right corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-4) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the upper-right corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the upper-left corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-5) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the upper-right corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the lower-left corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-6) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the upper-right corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the lower-right corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-7) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower left corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the upper left corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-8) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower left corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the upper right corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-9) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower left corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the lower right corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-10) In the case that the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower-right corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the upper-left corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-11) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower-right corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the upper-right corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

or,

4-12) In the case where the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower-right corner element of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is the lower-left corner element of the rectangle where it is located. ;

Alternatively, 4-1) to 4-12) can be summed up as

4) In the case that the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is one of the elements in the upper left corner, upper right corner, lower left corner and lower right corner of the rectangle where it is located, and the starting element of the reference string is The starting element is also one of the elements in the upper left corner, upper right corner, lower left corner and lower right corner of the rectangle where it is located, but the starting element of the current string and the starting element of the reference string are not the elements in the upper left corner at the same time, nor are they both at the same time. is the top-right element, and neither is both the bottom-left element nor the bottom-right element at the same time.

Example 5

In the encoding or decoding method or apparatus, in the case where the original data is an array or a sequence of arrays of two-dimensional data elements including an image, a sequence of images, a video, the parameter representing the position of the reference string within the reference set is A string vector representing the relative position between the current string and the reference string.

Example 6

In the encoding or decoding method or apparatus, in the case where the original data is an array or a sequence of arrays of two-dimensional data elements including an image, a sequence of images, a video, the parameter representing the position of the reference string within the reference set is A string vector representing the relative position between the current string and the reference string; one of the calculation methods of the string vector is the difference between the coordinates of the starting element of the reference string and the coordinates of the starting element of the current string in the same coordinate system.

Example 7

In the encoding or decoding method or apparatus, in the case where the original data is an array or a sequence of arrays of two-dimensional data elements including an image, a sequence of images, a video, the parameter representing the position of the reference string within the reference set is A string vector representing the relative position between the current string and the reference string; one of the calculation methods of the string vector is the difference between the coordinates of the starting element of the reference string and the coordinates of the starting element of the current string in the same coordinate system;

Performing an operation that has the same end result as the following operations, namely the position of each element of the reference string, obtains the coordinate value of each reference element representing the position of each element of the reference string:

A1) Initialization: the current element is initialized as the starting element of the current string, the coordinate value of the current element is equal to the value of the coordinate of the starting element of the current string, and the current vector value is initialized as the value of the string vector;

A2) at least obtain the reference element coordinate value from the current element coordinate value and the current vector value;

A3) according to the predetermined scanning mode and the predetermined scanning direction, determine the next i.e. update the current element and its current element coordinate value and the current vector value, obtain the updated current element and its current element coordinate value and the current vector value;

A4) at least obtain the reference element coordinate value from the current element coordinate value and the current vector value;

A5) Repeat operations A3) and A4) until the reference element coordinate value of the last element of the string is obtained;

or,

Performing an operation that has the same end result as the following operations, namely the position of each element of the reference string, obtains the coordinate value of each reference element representing the position of each element of the reference string:

B1) Initialization: the current element is initialized as the starting element of the current string, and the coordinate value of the current element is equal to the value of the coordinate of the starting element of the current string;

B2) at least obtain the initial value of the coordinate value of the reference element from the initial value of the current element coordinate value and the value of the string vector;

B3) determine the next i.e. update current element and its current element coordinate value according to a predetermined scanning mode and a predetermined scanning direction, obtain the updated current element and its current element coordinate value;

B4) determine the next reference element and its reference element coordinate value corresponding to the next, that is, the updated current element according to the predetermined scanning mode and the predetermined scanning direction, and obtain the updated reference element and its reference element coordinate value;

B5) Repeat operations B3) and B4) until the reference element coordinate value of the last element of the string is obtained.

Example 8

In the encoding and decoding method or device described in Embodiment 7,

In the operation of A3),

Determine the increment from the current element coordinate value before the update to the current element coordinate value after the update according to the predetermined scanning mode and the predetermined scanning direction, which is called the current element coordinate value increment;

After the update, the current element coordinate value is equal to the current element coordinate value before the update plus the current element coordinate value increment;

Determine the current vector value increment from at least the current element coordinate value increment as follows:

In the case where the current string and the reference string have opposite scanning directions within a row or opposite scanning directions between columns, the horizontal component of the current vector value increment is equal to the opposite of twice the horizontal component of the current element coordinate value increment, that is, the current element The horizontal component of the coordinate value increment is multiplied by -2;

In the case where the current string and the reference string have the same intra-row scanning direction or the same inter-column scanning direction, the horizontal component of the current vector value increment is equal to 0;

In the case where the current string and the reference string have opposite inter-line scanning directions or opposite intra-column scanning directions, the vertical component of the current vector value increment is equal to the opposite of twice the vertical component of the current element coordinate value increment, that is, the current The vertical component of the element coordinate value increment is multiplied by -2;

In the case where the current string and the reference string have the same inter-row scanning direction or the same intra-column scanning direction, the vertical component of the current vector value increment is equal to 0;

The current vector value after the update is equal to the current vector value before the update plus the current vector value increment;

In the operation of A4),

The reference element coordinate value is equal to the current element coordinate value plus the current vector value;

That is,

The coordinate value of the reference element before the update is equal to the current element coordinate value before the update plus the current vector value before the update;

The coordinate value of the reference element after the update is equal to the coordinate value of the current element after the update plus the current vector value after the update;

in,

After the update, the current element coordinate value is equal to the current element coordinate value before the update plus the current element coordinate value increment,

and,

The current vector value after the update is equal to the current vector value before the update plus the current vector value increment,

therefore,

The coordinate value of the reference element after the update is also equal to the coordinate value of the reference element before the update plus the current element coordinate value increment plus the current vector value increment;

or,

In the operation of said B3),

Determine the increment from the current element coordinate value before the update to the current element coordinate value after the update according to the predetermined scanning mode and the predetermined scanning direction, which is called the current element coordinate value increment;

After the update, the current element coordinate value is equal to the current element coordinate value before the update plus the current element coordinate value increment;

In the operation of said B4),

The coordinate value of the reference element after the update is equal to the coordinate value of the reference element before the update plus the increment of the coordinate value of the reference element,

Wherein, the reference element coordinate value increment is determined at least from the current element coordinate value increment as follows:

In the case that the current string and the reference string have opposite intra-row scanning directions or opposite inter-column scanning directions, the horizontal component of the reference element coordinate value increment is equal to the opposite number of the horizontal component of the current element coordinate value increment;

In the case that the current string and the reference string have the same scanning direction within a row or the same scanning direction between columns, the horizontal component of the reference element coordinate value increment is equal to the horizontal component of the current element coordinate value increment;

In the case that the current string and the reference string have opposite scanning directions between rows or opposite scanning directions within columns, the vertical component of the reference element coordinate value increment is equal to the opposite number of the vertical component of the current element coordinate value increment;

In the case where the current string and the reference string have the same inter-row scanning direction or the same intra-column scanning direction, the vertical component of the reference element coordinate value increment is equal to the vertical component of the current element coordinate value increment.

Example 9

In the encoding and decoding method or device described in Embodiment 8,

In the case of horizontal scanning back and forth, the coordinate value of the current element is incremented,

When the current element before and after the update is on the forward line, it is (1,0), when the current element before and after the update spans two lines, it is (0,1), when the current element before and after the update is on the reverse line When up, it is (-1,0);

In the case of horizontal raster scan mode, the current element coordinate value increment,

When the current element before and after the update is on the forward line, it is (1,0), when the current element before and after the update spans two lines, it is (-W+1,1), where W is the current full compression unit width;

In the case of vertical scanning back and forth, the current element coordinate value increments,

When the current element before and after the update is on the forward column, it is (0,1), when the current element before and after the update spans two columns, it is (1,0), when the current element before and after the update is on the reverse column When up, it is (0,-1);

In the case of vertical raster scan mode, the current element coordinate value increment,

When the current elements before and after the update are on the forward column, it is (0,1), and when the current elements before and after the update are across two columns, it is (1,-H+1), where H is the current compression unit. high.

Claims (10)

1. A method for encoding string prediction, comprising at least the steps of: current string and reference string

Using opposite in-row or column scan directions;

and/or

With opposite row or column scan directions.

2. An apparatus for encoding string prediction, comprising at least the following modules for performing the functions and operations: current string and reference string

Using opposite in-row or column scanning directions

And/or

With opposite row or column scan directions.

3. A method for decoding string prediction, comprising at least the steps of: current string and reference string

Using opposite in-row or column scanning directions

And/or

With opposite row or column scan directions.

4. A decoding apparatus for string prediction, comprising at least the following modules for performing the functions and operations: current string and reference string

Using opposite in-row or column scanning directions

And/or

With opposite row or column scan directions.

5. The decoding method according to claim 3 or the decoding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein in the case where the original data is a sequence including an image, a sequence of images, an array or array of two-dimensional data elements of video,

the whole compression unit involved in the string prediction includes a macroblock, a coding unit CU, a sub-region of the CU, a sub coding unit SubCU, a prediction block, a prediction unit PU, a sub-region of the PU, a sub prediction unit SubPU, a transform block, a transform unit TU, a sub-region of the TU, and a sub transform unit SubTU.

6. The decoding method according to claim 3 or the decoding device according to claim 4, wherein the scanning manner involved in the string prediction includes horizontal raster scanning, horizontal back-and-forth scanning, vertical raster scanning, and vertical back-and-forth scanning.

7. The decoding method according to claim 3 or the decoding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the current string has the following relationship with the scanning direction of the reference string:

1-1) the current string and the reference string have opposite intra-row or intra-column scan directions and have the same inter-row or inter-column scan direction;

or,

1-2) the current string has the same intra-row or column scan direction as the reference string and has an opposite inter-row or column scan direction;

or,

1-3) the current string and the reference string have opposite intra-row or intra-column scan directions and have opposite inter-row or inter-column scan directions;

or,

2-1) in the case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal round-trip scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its topmost row;

or,

2-2) in the case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal round trip scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its bottommost row;

or,

2-3) in case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal round-trip scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its bottommost row;

or,

2-4) in case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal round-trip scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its topmost row;

or,

2-5) in case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal round-trip scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its bottommost row;

or,

2-6) in case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal round-trip scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its topmost row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its bottommost row;

or,

2-7) in the case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal round trip scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its bottom row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its top row;

or,

2-8) in the case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal round-trip scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its bottom row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its top row;

or,

2-9) in the case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal ping pong scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the leftmost element of its bottom row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its bottom row;

or,

2-10) in the case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal round trip scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its bottom row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its top row;

or,

2-11) in case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal ping pong scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its bottom row and the starting element of the reference string is the rightmost element of its top row;

or,

2-12) in case of horizontal raster scan mode or horizontal ping pong scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the rightmost element of its bottom row and the starting element of the reference string is the leftmost element of its bottom row;

or, 2-1) to 2-12) are summarized as

2) In the case of the horizontal raster scanning mode or the horizontal back-and-forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is one of the leftmost element, the rightmost element, the leftmost element, and the rightmost element of the topmost row, and the starting element of the reference string is also one of the leftmost element, the rightmost element, the leftmost element, and the rightmost element of the bottommost row of the topmost row, but the starting element of the current string and the starting element of the reference string are not simultaneously the leftmost element, nor simultaneously the rightmost element, nor simultaneously the leftmost element, nor simultaneously the rightmost element, and neither simultaneously the rightmost element of the bottommost row of the topmost row;

or,

3-1) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the topmost element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-2) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottommost element of its leftmost column;

or,

3-3) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottommost element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-4) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the topmost element of its leftmost column;

or,

3-5) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottommost element of its leftmost column;

or,

3-6) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the topmost element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottommost element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-7) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottom-most element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the top-most element of its leftmost column;

or,

3-8) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottom-most element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the top-most element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-9) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottom-most element of its leftmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottom-most element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-10) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottom-most element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the top-most element of its leftmost column;

or,

3-11) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottom-most element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the top-most element of its rightmost column;

or,

3-12) in the case of the vertical raster scan mode or the vertical back and forth scan mode, the starting element of the current string is the bottom-most element of its rightmost column and the starting element of the reference string is the bottom-most element of its leftmost column;

or, 3-1) to 3-12) are summarized as

3) In the case of the vertical raster scanning mode or the vertical back and forth scanning mode, the starting element of the current string is one of the topmost element of the leftmost column, the topmost element of the rightmost column, the bottommost element of the leftmost column, and the bottommost element of the rightmost column, and the starting element of the reference string is also one of the topmost element of the leftmost column, the topmost element of the rightmost column, the bottommost element of the leftmost column, and the bottommost element of the rightmost column, but the starting element of the current string and the starting element of the reference string are not simultaneously the topmost element of the leftmost column, nor are simultaneously the topmost element of the rightmost column, nor are simultaneously the bottommost element of the leftmost column, nor are simultaneously the bottommost element of the rightmost column;

or,

4-1) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the top left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the top right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-2) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the upper left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the lower left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-3) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the upper left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the lower right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-4) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the upper right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the upper left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-5) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the upper right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the lower left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-6) in the case where both the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular-shaped block, the starting element of the current string is the upper-right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the lower-right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-7) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the upper left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-8) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the upper right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-9) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the lower right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-10) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the upper left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-11) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular-shaped block, the starting element of the current string is the lower-right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the upper-right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or,

4-12) in the case where both the current string and the reference string form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is the lower right corner element of the rectangle in which it is located and the starting element of the reference string is the lower left corner element of the rectangle in which it is located;

or, 4-1) to 4-12) are summarized as 4) in the case that the current string and the reference string each form a rectangular block, the starting element of the current string is one of the elements of the top left corner, the top right corner, the bottom left corner and the bottom right corner of the rectangle in which the current string is located, and the starting element of the reference string is also one of the elements of the top left corner, the top right corner, the bottom left corner and the bottom right corner of the rectangle in which the reference string is located, but the starting element of the current string and the starting element of the reference string are not both the elements of the top left corner, nor the elements of the top right corner, nor the elements of the bottom left corner, nor the elements of the bottom right corner.

8. The decoding method according to claim 3 or the decoding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein in a case where the original data is a sequence including an image, a sequence of images, an array or an array of two-dimensional data elements of a video, the parameter representing the position of the reference string within the reference set is a string vector representing the relative position between the current string and the reference string; one of the calculation methods of the string vector is the difference between the coordinates of the initial element of the reference string and the coordinates of the initial element of the current string in the same coordinate system;

performing an operation of referencing the position of each element of the string with the same final result as the operation of obtaining the coordinate value of each reference element indicating the position of each element of the string:

A1) initialization: initializing a current element into an initial element of a current string, wherein the coordinate value of the current element is equal to the value of the coordinate of the initial element of the current string, and the value of a current vector is initialized into the value of a string vector;

A2) obtaining a reference element coordinate value from at least the current element coordinate value and the current vector value;

A3) determining the next one according to a preset scanning mode and a preset scanning direction, namely updating the current element, the current element coordinate value and the current vector value of the current element, and obtaining the updated current element, the current element coordinate value and the current vector value of the current element;

A4) obtaining a reference element coordinate value from at least the current element coordinate value and the current vector value;

A5) repeatedly performing operations A3) and a4) until a reference element coordinate value of the last element of the string is obtained;

or,

performing an operation of referencing the position of each element of the string with the same final result as the operation of obtaining the coordinate value of each reference element indicating the position of each element of the string:

B1) initialization: initializing the current element into an initial element of the current string, wherein the coordinate value of the current element is equal to the value of the coordinate of the initial element of the current string;

B2) obtaining an initial value of a reference element coordinate value from at least the initial value of the current element coordinate value and a value of the string vector;

B3) determining the next updated current element and the current element coordinate value thereof according to the preset scanning mode and the preset scanning direction, and obtaining the updated current element and the current element coordinate value thereof;

B4) determining a next reference element and a reference element coordinate value thereof corresponding to the next updated current element according to a preset scanning mode and a preset scanning direction, and obtaining an updated reference element and a reference element coordinate value thereof;

B5) operations B3) and B4) are repeatedly performed until the reference element coordinate value of the last element of the string is obtained.

9. The decoding method or the decoding apparatus according to claim 8,

in the operation of said a3),

determining the increment from the current element coordinate value before updating to the current element coordinate value after updating according to a preset scanning mode and a preset scanning direction, wherein the increment is called as the increment of the current element coordinate value;

the updated current element coordinate value is equal to the current element coordinate value before updating plus the current element coordinate value increment;

determining a current vector value increment from at least the current element coordinate value increment as follows:

in the case where the current run and the reference run have opposite intra-row scan directions or opposite inter-column scan directions, the horizontal component of the current vector value increment is equal to the inverse of twice the horizontal component of the current element coordinate value increment, i.e., the horizontal component of the current element coordinate value increment is multiplied by-2;

in the case where the current and reference strings have the same intra-row scan direction or the same inter-column scan direction, the horizontal component of the current vector value increment is equal to 0;

in the case where the current run and the reference run have opposite inter-row scan directions or opposite intra-column scan directions, the vertical component of the current vector value increment is equal to the inverse of twice the vertical component of the current element coordinate value increment, i.e., the vertical component of the current element coordinate value increment is multiplied by-2;

in the case where the current run and the reference run have the same inter-row scan direction or the same intra-column scan direction, the vertical component of the current vector value increment is equal to 0;

the updated current vector value is equal to the current vector value before updating plus the current vector value increment;

in the operation of said a4),

the reference element coordinate value is equal to the current element coordinate value plus the current vector value;

that is to say that the position of the first electrode,

the coordinate value of the reference element before updating is equal to the coordinate value of the current element before updating plus the current vector value before updating;

the updated reference element coordinate value is equal to the updated current element coordinate value plus the updated current vector value;

wherein,

the updated current element coordinate value is equal to the current element coordinate value plus the current element coordinate value increment,

and,

the updated current vector value is equal to the current vector value before the update plus the current vector value increment,

therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,

the updated reference element coordinate value is also equal to the reference element coordinate value before updating plus the current element coordinate value increment plus the current vector value increment;

or,

in the operation of the above-described B3),

determining the increment from the current element coordinate value before updating to the current element coordinate value after updating according to a preset scanning mode and a preset scanning direction, wherein the increment is called as the increment of the current element coordinate value;

the updated current element coordinate value is equal to the current element coordinate value before updating plus the current element coordinate value increment;

in the operation of the above-described B4),

the updated reference element coordinate values are equal to the pre-update reference element coordinate values plus the reference element coordinate value increment,

wherein the reference element coordinate value increment is determined from at least the current element coordinate value increment as follows:

in the case where the current string and the reference string have opposite intra-row scanning directions or opposite inter-column scanning directions, the horizontal component of the reference element coordinate value increment is equal to the inverse of the horizontal component of the current element coordinate value increment;

in the case where the current string and the reference string have the same intra-row scan direction or the same inter-column scan direction, the horizontal component of the reference element coordinate value increment is equal to the horizontal component of the current element coordinate value increment;

in the case where the current string and the reference string have opposite inter-row scan directions or opposite intra-column scan directions, the vertical component of the reference element coordinate value increment is equal to the inverse of the vertical component of the current element coordinate value increment;

in the case where the current string and the reference string have the same inter-row scan direction or the same intra-column scan direction, the vertical component of the reference element coordinate value increment is equal to the vertical component of the current element coordinate value increment.

10. The decoding method or the decoding apparatus according to claim 9,

in the case of a horizontal back and forth scan pattern, the current element coordinate value increments,

(1,0) when the current elements before and after the update are both in the forward row, (0,1) when the current elements before and after the update span two rows, and (-1,0) when the current elements before and after the update are both in the reverse row;

in the case of a horizontal raster scan mode, the current element coordinate value is incremented,

(1,0) when the current elements before and after the update are both on the forward row, and (-W +1,1) when the current elements before and after the update span two rows, where W is the width of the current integer compression unit;

in the case of a vertical back and forth scan mode, the current element coordinate value increments,

(0,1) when the current elements before and after the update are on the forward column, (1,0) when the current elements before and after the update span two columns, and (0, -1) when the current elements before and after the update are on the reverse column;

in the case of a vertical raster scan mode, the current element coordinate value is incremented,

is (0,1) when the current elements before and after the update are both on the forward column, and is (1, -H +1) when the current elements before and after the update span two columns, where H is the height of the current integer compression unit.

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