CN113456309A - 一种增强稳定型人工髋臼假体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,包括:杯体,呈半球壳状,在所述杯体的外表面一体形成有一金字塔型的锥状部,所述锥状部沿坐骨大切迹方向延伸并与髂骨翼后方的松质骨紧固连接;紧固件,由内至外贯穿所述杯体后沿髋臼后内侧缘穿出并与髂骨紧固连接,以将所述杯体稳定地固定在髂骨上。本发明可以增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性,尤其是在骨质疏松或者髋臼发育不良的患者,当宿主骨质无法为髋臼提供有效的骨把持力和有效覆盖的情况下,锥状部可以大大增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性,并且由于锥状部与杯体为一体化设计,因此不会出现螺钉和髋臼接触点应力集中的现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种人工假体,具体涉及一种增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,属于医疗器械技术领域。
背景技术
2000年,在美国进行的183000例全髋关节置换术中,其中有31000(约17%)是翻修手术。随着人口老龄化颌适应症的扩展,全髋关节置换(THA)翻修的发病率将继续对患者和成人矫形外科医生成产生重大影响。THA翻修术是最具挑战性的手术之一,有各种不同的复杂程度和结果。因此,充分了解手术失败原因及机理,有助于提高全髋关节翻修成功率。
导致THA翻修的最常见原因包括无菌性松动、承重界面的磨损、骨溶解、假体断裂、髋关节不稳、感染、假体周围骨折、异位骨化和下肢不等长等。其中,主要原因为无菌性松动。THA翻修的主要适应症为髋关节疼痛或功能障碍,进行性骨质丢失和感染。机械性植入失败(松动、磨损、假体断裂)、复发性髋关节脱位或假体周围骨折等因素,都可能引起髋关节疼痛和/或功能障碍,进而导致THA翻修,为患者增加身体和经济上的负担。
因此,为了避免髋臼翻修,延长髋臼杯的使用寿命,如何在首次全髋置换过程中确保人工髋臼的初始稳定性和远期稳定性便成为了一个非常重要的问题。如果髋臼安装的初始稳定性不好,人工髋臼就会在随后的运动中产生微动,进而导致髋臼周围骨质溶解、破坏、二次骨折,最终出现髋臼松动、失败。由于所有假体的远期稳定都会依赖与宿主骨的整合,因此如果无法获得良好的骨整合,会导致假体使用寿命降低,在假体各部件(比如金属或者高分子材料)达到疲劳的极限时则会出现断裂、破坏、失效。
目前临床上所使用的的初次全髋关节置换的臼杯主要有抛光和喷砂两种。抛光的臼杯的初始稳定性和远期稳定性均比较差,现在已经很少使用。喷砂处理的臼杯表面形成不规则的形态,一定程度增加了臼杯表面的粗糙度,由于其还是半弧形设计,在有些骨质疏松或者髋关节发育不良的病例即使依靠螺钉也很难获得良好的初始稳定性;并且,喷臼杯表面通过喷砂处理的粗糙面形态不规则骨长入的面积和空间有限,因此远期稳定性往往也不理想。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,以大大增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性和远期稳定性。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:一种增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,包括:杯体,呈半球壳状,在所述杯体的外表面一体形成有一金字塔型的锥状部,所述锥状部沿坐骨大切迹方向延伸并与髂骨翼后方的松质骨紧固连接;紧固件,由内至外贯穿所述杯体后沿髋臼后内侧缘穿出并与髂骨紧固连接,以将所述杯体稳定地固定在髂骨上。
所述的增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,优选地,利用3D打印技术在所述杯体和锥状部的外表面制备孔隙大小为400-600μm并且完全连通的多孔金属骨小梁结构,且孔隙率在80%以上,孔隙层厚2mm。
所述的增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,优选地,在所述锥状部上沿其长度方向加工有三条纵形条沟。
所述的增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,优选地,所述杯体上加工有多个备用螺钉孔。
本发明由于采取以上技术方案,其具有以下优点:
1、本发明在杯体的外表面设计有金字塔型的锥状部,该锥状部沿坐骨大切迹方向延伸并与髂骨翼后方的松质骨紧固连接,以增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性,尤其是在骨质疏松或者髋臼发育不良的患者,当宿主骨质无法为髋臼提供有效的骨把持力和有效覆盖的情况下,锥状部可以大大增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性,并且由于锥状部与杯体为一体化设计,因此不会出现螺钉和髋臼接触点应力集中的现象。
2、本发明的紧固螺钉由内至外贯穿杯体后沿髋臼后内侧缘穿出并固定于髂骨内。以将杯体稳定地固定在髂骨上,从而进一步增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性,为后期骨整合提供有利条件。
3、本发明利用3D打印技术在杯体和锥状部的外表面制备完全连通的多孔金属骨小梁结构,从而为新生骨组织提供长入空间,使得新生骨组织可以爬行长入孔隙结构之中,并与孔隙结构形成牢固骨整合,大大增加远期稳定性和髋臼假体使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例提供的髋臼假体在第一视角下的结构示意图;
图2为本发明该实施例提供的髋臼假体在第二视角下的结构示意图;
图3为本发明该实施例提供的髋臼假体在第三视角下的结构示意图;
图4-5为本发明该实施例提供的髋臼假体的使用状态图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的系统或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“设置”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本发明提供的增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,包括:杯体,呈半球壳状,在所述杯体的外表面一体形成有一金字塔型的锥状部,所述锥状部沿坐骨大切迹方向延伸并与髂骨翼后方的松质骨紧固连接;紧固件,由内至外贯穿所述杯体后沿髋臼后内侧缘穿出并与髂骨紧固连接,以将所述杯体稳定地固定在髂骨上。本发明可以增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性,尤其是在骨质疏松或者髋臼发育不良的患者,当宿主骨质无法为髋臼提供有效的骨把持力和有效覆盖的情况下,锥状部可以大大增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性,并且由于锥状部与杯体为一体化设计,因此不会出现螺钉和髋臼接触点应力集中的现象。
下面,结合附图对本发明实施例提供的增强稳定型人工髋臼假体体进行详细的说明。
如图1至图5所示,本实施例提供的增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,包括半球壳状的杯体10和紧固螺钉20,在杯体10的外表面一体形成有一金字塔型的锥状部11,该锥状部11沿坐骨大切迹方向延伸并与髂骨翼后方的松质骨紧固连接,以增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性,尤其是在骨质疏松或者髋臼发育不良的患者,当宿主骨质无法为髋臼提供有效的骨把持力和有效覆盖的情况下,锥状部11可以大大增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性,并且由于锥状部11与杯体10为一体化设计,因此不会出现螺钉和髋臼接触点应力集中的现象。紧固螺钉20由内至外贯穿杯体10后沿髋臼后内侧缘穿出并与髂骨紧固连接,以将杯体10稳定地固定在髂骨上,从而进一步增加髋臼假体的初始稳定性,为后期骨整合提供有利条件。
上述实施例中,优选地,利用3D打印技术在杯体10和锥状部11的外表面制备孔隙大小为400-600μm并且完全连通的多孔金属骨小梁结构,且孔隙率在80%以上,孔隙层厚2mm,从而为新生骨组织提供长入空间,使得新生骨组织可以爬行长入孔隙结构中,最终使髋臼假体整合在人体骨骼上,大大增加远期稳定性和髋臼假体使用寿命。
上述实施例中,优选地,在锥状部11上沿其长度方向加工有三条纵形条沟,不仅方便打入松质骨内,同时增加了骨长入面积。
上述实施例中,优选地,杯体10上加工有多个备用螺钉孔12,由此可以根据骨缺损的大小和范围,选择性地上螺钉固定,以增加髋臼假体的稳定性,同时也可以与把持器械相匹配使髋臼假体打入更加方便。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,其特征在于,包括:
杯体(10),呈半球壳状,在所述杯体(10)的外表面一体形成有一金字塔型的锥状部(11),所述锥状部(11)沿坐骨大切迹方向延伸并与髂骨翼后方的松质骨紧固连接;
紧固件(20),由内至外贯穿所述杯体(10)后沿髋臼后内侧缘穿出并与髂骨紧固连接,以将所述杯体(10)稳定地固定在髂骨上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,其特征在于,利用3D打印技术在所述杯体(10)和锥状部(11)的外表面制备孔隙大小为400-600μm并且完全连通的多孔金属骨小梁结构,且孔隙率在80%以上,孔隙层厚2mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,其特征在于,在所述锥状部(11)上沿其长度方向加工有三条纵形条沟。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的增强稳定型人工髋臼假体,其特征在于,所述杯体(10)上加工有多个备用螺钉孔(12)。
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