CN113437850B - Double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor - Google Patents
Double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN113437850B CN113437850B CN202110778474.9A CN202110778474A CN113437850B CN 113437850 B CN113437850 B CN 113437850B CN 202110778474 A CN202110778474 A CN 202110778474A CN 113437850 B CN113437850 B CN 113437850B
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor which comprises two stators and a rotor, wherein the rotor is fixed on a shaft, a bearing is arranged on the shaft, and the stators are in running fit with the rotor. The magnetic conduction cover is embedded in the base in the stator, and at least one of the base, the bearing and the shaft is made of non-magnetic conduction materials. The direct current excitation unit is arranged on the outer circle side of the stator core and fixedly connected in the machine base, and a direct current excitation magnetic flux path generated by the direct current excitation unit passes through a closed loop of the soft magnetic pole, the first air gap, the first stator core, the first magnetic conduction cover, the second stator core and the second air gap, and the direct current excitation magnetic flux only passes through the two air gaps. The motor is easy to manufacture, is suitable for batch production, has wide rotating speed operation interval and constant voltage power generation adjustment capability in operation performance, and has the advantages of high power density, low demagnetization risk of the permanent magnet and high operation reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor.
Background
Compared with other types of motors, the axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of high power density, short winding end, good heat dissipation and the like, and the flat structure of the axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor has good space adaptability. The axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor has been applied to traffic, wind power generation, electric vehicles, aerospace and other fields. Because the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet is not adjustable, the speed regulation range is narrower when the axial flux permanent magnet motor is used as a motor, and the application occasions are limited; when the axial flux permanent magnet motor is used as a generator, the output voltage is unstable due to load change, so that the generator is not suitable for occasions with high voltage stability requirements.
In order to adjust the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet in the air gap, a patent (application number CN 200920189390.6) proposes an axial magnetic flux switching type hybrid excitation synchronous generator, an excitation winding is wound on the surface of magnetic steel, direct current is introduced into the excitation winding to generate a circumferential magnetic field, the structure has an enhancement or weakening effect on the magnetic field generated by the magnetic steel, as the excitation winding is directly wound on the surface of the magnetic steel, the heat dissipation surface of the magnetic steel is reduced, and meanwhile, an excitation winding heat source is additionally arranged on the surface of the magnetic steel, so that the problem of irreversible demagnetization possibly caused by the temperature rise of the magnetic steel is solved, and the excitation winding, the magnetic steel and a stator core are spliced into a circle, so that the requirement on manufacturing precision is higher and the installation process is more complex. Patent (application number CN 201811226332.6) proposes a double-stator composite excitation amorphous alloy axial flux motor, each stator core is divided into two parts, a direct current coil is wound on a core tooth close to the inner circle side, a three-phase alternating current coil is wound on a core tooth close to the outer circle side, the scheme can increase and demagnetize through the direct current coil, but the winding ends of the two sets of coils occupy too much space, and the motor power density is lower. Patent (application number US 2007/0046124A 1) proposes a double-stator composite excitation axial flux motor, each stator core is composed of two sub-stator cores, a gap is formed between the two sub-stator cores, and a DC excitation coil is embedded into the gap between the two sub-stator cores.
Therefore, a novel topological structure is required to be designed to solve the technical defects and the problem that the magnetic field of the traditional axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor is difficult to adjust, enhance the flux weakening and speed expansion capacity of the motor, or improve the stability of the output voltage of the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to:
the invention aims to solve the problems that the magnetic field of the traditional axial flux permanent magnet motor is not adjustable and the permanent magnet is easy to demagnetize irreversibly, and the air gap magnetic field of the axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor is adjusted by compound electric excitation on the traditional axial flux permanent magnet motor, so that the speed regulation range of the motor in electric operation is improved, or the stability of terminal voltage output of the motor in power generation operation is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the utility model provides a double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor, includes stator 1 and rotor 2, and stator 1 is two, is first stator 1A and second stator 1B respectively; the first stator 1A and the second stator 1B are arranged on two sides of the rotor 2, the first stator 1A and the second stator 1B are fastened together through bolts, an air gap 5 is arranged between the two stators 1 and the rotor 2, the air gap 5 is respectively a first air gap 5A and a second air gap 5B, the rotor 2 is fixed on the shaft 7, bearings 6 are arranged on two ends of the shaft 7, and the stators 1 are in running fit with the shaft 7 through the bearings 6;
the stator 1 comprises a stator core 101, a multiphase alternating current coil 102 and a machine base 103, wherein the stator core 101 is fixed on the machine base 103, and the multiphase alternating current coil 102 is arranged on the stator core 101;
the rotor 2 comprises a rotor support 201, permanent magnets 202 and soft magnetic poles 203, wherein the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are embedded in the rotor support 201.
The magnetic conduction cover 104 is embedded in the machine base 103, and at least one of the machine base 103, the bearing 6 and the shaft 7 is made of a non-magnetic conduction material.
The direct current excitation unit 3 comprises a framework 301 and an excitation coil 302, the excitation coil 302 is wound on the framework 301, the direct current excitation unit 3 is fixedly connected in the machine base 103, and the direct current excitation unit 3 is arranged on the outer circle of the stator core 101.
The exciting coil 302 of the direct current exciting unit 3 is electrified with direct current to generate direct current exciting magnetic flux 4, and the path of the direct current exciting magnetic flux 4 of the motor is as follows: the soft magnetic pole 203, the first air gap 5A, the first stator core 101A of the first stator 1A, the first magnetic conductive cover 104A of the first stator 1A, the second magnetic conductive cover 104B of the second stator 1B, the second stator core 101B of the second stator 1B, and the second air gap 5B return to the soft magnetic pole 203, and the dc excitation magnetic flux passes through only two air gaps 5.
The magnetic conduction cover 104 is overlapped with a stator yoke 1011 of a stator core 101 in the stator 1, and no air gap exists between the magnetic conduction cover and the stator yoke 1011; the first magnetic conductive cover 104A and the second magnetic conductive cover 104B are tightly attached to each other along the axial direction M without gaps.
The multi-phase alternating current coils 102 in the stators 1 are embedded in the stator slots 1012 of the stator core 101, and the multi-phase alternating current coils 102 in each stator 1 are arranged into multi-phase distributed windings or concentrated windings according to the motor winding theory; the same alternating current winding in both stators 1 is either in parallel or in series.
The arrangement mode of the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 in the rotor 2 is as follows: mode one: the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are circumferentially alternately arranged, the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the first stator 1A are all N poles (or S poles), the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the second stator 1B are all S poles (or N poles), an auxiliary permanent magnet 2021 is also arranged along the radial center line direction of the soft magnetic poles 203, the polarities of the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021 facing the first stator 1A are all S poles (or N poles), and the polarities of the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021 facing the second stator 1B are all N poles (or S poles); a spacer magnet 204 is placed between the soft magnetic pole 203 and the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021. Mode two: the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are circumferentially alternately arranged, the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the first stator 1A are all N poles (or S poles), the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the second stator 1B are all S poles (or N poles), and the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are circumferentially alternately arranged.
The permanent magnet 202, the soft magnetic pole 203 and the magnet isolating body 204 are provided with fixing bosses 205, and the permanent magnet 202, the soft magnetic pole 203 and the magnet isolating body 204 are jointly embedded into the rotor support 201.
The section of the framework 301 of the direct current excitation coil 302 is of a U-shaped structure, and the framework 301 is made of a non-magnetic conductive material; the exciting winding 3 is wound by enamelled wire and is embedded in the U-shaped groove of the skeleton 301.
The magnetic conductive cover 104 is made of magnetic conductive material.
The soft magnetic pole 203 is a magnetically conductive material.
The direct-current exciting magnetic flux 4 generated by the direct-current exciting unit 3 exciting coil 302 is capable of enhancing the magnetic induction intensity in the air gap 5, and the magnetic induction intensity in the air gap 5 can be weakened by changing the current direction in the exciting coil 302.
The advantages and effects are that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) The mixed excitation axial flux motor provided by the invention has the same stator structure as the traditional axial flux motor, is easy to manufacture, and can reduce the mass production difficulty to a great extent.
(2) Compared with the mixed excitation axial flux motor with other topological structures, the mixed excitation axial flux motor provided by the invention has the advantage of high power density
(3) The mixed excitation axial flux motor provided by the invention can conveniently realize the adjustment of the air gap field of the motor by changing the direction and the magnitude of the direct-current excitation magnetomotive force, thereby having a wide rotating speed operation interval and constant voltage power generation capacity.
(4) The direct-current excitation magnetic flux path is connected with the magnetic flux path of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet in parallel, and the direct-current excitation magnetic circuit does not pass through the permanent magnet, so that the problem of demagnetization of the permanent magnet is avoided, and the running reliability of the motor is improved.
(5) The invention provides a mixed excitation axial flux motor, wherein the speed regulation range can be further adjusted by properly adjusting the duty ratio of a soft magnetic pole and an auxiliary permanent magnet.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dual stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the structure of the double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a stator assembly of a dual stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an assembly view of a magnetic conductive cover of the double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a rotor assembly of a dual stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a DC excitation unit of the dual-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of direct-current excitation magnetic flux of the double-stator single-rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor.
Fig. 8 is a graph of back electromotive force of the double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor under different direct current excitation currents.
Wherein: 1-two stators, 1A-first stator, 1B-second stator, 101-stator core, 101A-first stator core, 101B-second stator core, 1011-stator yoke, 1012-stator slot, 102-multiphase AC winding, 103-housing, 104-magnetic shield, 104A-first magnetic shield, 104B-second magnetic shield, 2-rotor, 201-rotor support, 202-permanent magnet, 2021-auxiliary permanent magnet, 203-soft magnetic pole, 204-isolated magnet, 205-fixed boss, 3-DC exciting unit, 301-frame, 302-exciting coil, 4-DC exciting magnetic flux, 5-air gap, 5A-first air gap, 5B-second air gap, 6, bearing, 7, shaft.
Detailed Description
The utility model provides a double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor, includes stator 1 and rotor 2, and stator 1 is two, is first stator 1A and second stator 1B respectively; the first stator 1A and the second stator 1B are arranged at two sides of the rotor 2, the first stator 1A and the second stator 1B are fastened together by bolts, an air gap 5 is arranged between the two stators 1 and the rotor 2, the air gap 5 is respectively a first air gap 5A and a second air gap 5B (a first air gap 5A is arranged between the first stator 1A and the rotor 2, and a second air gap 5B is arranged between the second stator 1B and the rotor 2); the rotor 2 is fixed on a shaft 7, bearings 6 are arranged at two ends of the shaft 7, and the stator 1 is in running fit with the shaft 7 through the bearings 6;
the stator 1 comprises a stator core 101, a multiphase alternating current coil 102 and a machine base 103, wherein the stator core 101 is fixed on the machine base 103, and the multiphase alternating current coil 102 is arranged on the stator core 101;
the rotor 2 comprises a rotor support 201, permanent magnets 202 and soft magnetic poles 203, wherein the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are embedded in the rotor support 201.
The magnetic conduction cover 104 is embedded in the machine base 103, at least one of the machine base 103, the bearing 6 and the shaft 7 is made of non-magnetic conduction materials, if all the three materials are made of magnetic conduction materials, part of magnetic flux generated by the direct current excitation unit 3 does not pass through the stator core 101, but passes through the metal bearing 6 and the magnetic shaft 7 to leak, and the magnetic flux of the leaking part cannot change the magnetic field in the air gap 5 of the motor;
the direct-current excitation unit 3 comprises a framework 301 and an excitation coil 302, the excitation coil 302 is wound on the framework 301 (the excitation coil 302 is in a multi-turn annular shape), the direct-current excitation unit 3 is fixedly connected in the machine base 103, and the direct-current excitation unit 3 is arranged on the outer circle of the stator core 101.
The exciting coil 302 of the direct current exciting unit 3 is electrified with direct current to generate direct current exciting magnetic flux 4, and the path of the direct current exciting magnetic flux 4 of the motor is as follows: the soft magnetic pole 203, the first air gap 5A, the first stator core 101A of the first stator 1A (i.e., the stator core of the first stator 1A is the first stator core 101A), the first magnetic conductive cover 104A of the first stator 1A (i.e., the magnetic conductive cover of the first stator 1A is the first magnetic conductive cover 104A), the second magnetic conductive cover 104B of the second stator 1B (i.e., the magnetic conductive cover of the second stator 1B is the second magnetic conductive cover 104B), the second stator core 101B of the second stator 1B (i.e., the stator core of the second stator 1B is the second stator core 101B), the second air gap 5B, and then returns to the soft magnetic pole 203, and the dc excitation magnetic flux 4 passes through only the two air gaps 5.
The magnetic conductive cover 104 is overlapped with the stator yoke 1011 of the stator core 101 in the stator 1, and no air gap exists between the magnetic conductive cover 104 and the stator yoke, so as to reduce the magnetic resistance of the direct current excitation magnetic flux 4; the first magnetic conductive cover 104A and the second magnetic conductive cover 104B are closely attached to each other along the axial direction M without gaps, so as to reduce the reluctance of the dc excitation magnetic flux 4.
The multi-phase alternating current coils 102 in the stators 1 are embedded in the stator slots 1012 of the stator core 101, and the multi-phase alternating current coils 102 in each stator 1 are arranged into multi-phase distributed windings or concentrated windings according to the motor winding theory; the same alternating current winding in both stators 1 is either parallel or in series (in general, the motor comprises A, B, C three phases, i.e. the three phases A1, B1, C1 in the first stator 1A are parallel or in series with the corresponding phases in the three phases A2, B2, C2 in the second stator 1B, i.e. A1 is parallel or in series with A2, B1 is parallel or in series with B2, C1 is parallel or in series with C2).
The arrangement mode of the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 in the rotor 2 is as follows:
mode one: the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are circumferentially alternately arranged, the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the first stator 1A are all N poles (or S poles), the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the second stator 1B are all S poles (or N poles), an auxiliary permanent magnet 2021 is further arranged along the radial center line direction R of the soft magnetic poles 203 (see fig. 5a, the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021 is symmetrical about the center line), the polarities of the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021 facing the first stator 1A are all S poles (or N poles), and the polarities of the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021 facing the second stator 1B are all N poles (or S poles); a spacer magnet 204 is placed between the soft magnetic pole 203 and the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021. Mode two: the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are circumferentially alternately arranged, the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the first stator 1A are all N poles (or S poles), the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the second stator 1B are all S poles (or N poles), and the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are circumferentially alternately arranged.
The permanent magnet 202, the soft magnetic pole 203 and the magnet isolating body 204 are provided with fixing bosses 205, and the permanent magnet 202, the soft magnetic pole 203 and the magnet isolating body 204 are jointly embedded into the rotor support 201.
The cross section of the framework 301 of the direct current excitation unit 3 is of a U-shaped structure (shown as U in fig. 6), and the framework 301 is made of a non-magnetic conductive material; the exciting coil 302 is wound with enameled wire and is embedded in the U-shaped groove of the framework 301.
The magnetic conductive cover 104 is made of magnetic conductive material, and is used as a path of the direct current excitation magnetic flux 4, and the magnetic conductive cover is made of electrical pure iron, soft magnetic composite material or other materials with good magnetic conductive performance.
The soft magnetic pole 203 is a magnetic conductive material, and is made of silicon steel sheet, soft magnetic composite material or other materials with small iron loss and good magnetic conductivity, under the action of the direct current excitation magnetic flux 4, the polarity of the soft magnetic pole 203 is the same as or different from the polarity of the permanent magnet 202, if the polarity of the permanent magnet 202 facing the first stator 1A is N, the polarity of the soft magnetic pole 203 facing the first stator 1A can be N or S, when the polarity of the soft magnetic pole 203 facing the first stator 1A is N, the direct current excitation magnetic flux 4 weakens the air gap magnetic field, and when the polarity of the soft magnetic pole 203 facing the first stator 1A is S, the direct current excitation magnetic flux 4 strengthens the air gap magnetic field.
The direct-current exciting magnetic flux 4 generated by the direct-current exciting unit 3 exciting coil 302 is capable of enhancing the magnetic induction intensity in the air gap 5, and the magnetic induction intensity in the air gap 5 can be weakened by changing the current direction in the exciting coil 302.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the following description of the embodiments accompanied with the accompanying drawings will be given in detail.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8: the example provides a double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor, which comprises two stators 1 and a rotor 2, wherein a first stator 1A and a second stator 1B are arranged on two sides of the rotor 2, the first stator 1A and the second stator 1B are fastened together through bolts, an air gap 5 is reserved between the two stators 1 and the rotor 2, the rotor 2 is fixed on a shaft 7, bearings 6 are arranged at two ends of the shaft 7, and the stators 1 are in running fit with the bearings 7.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the stator 1 includes a stator core 101, a multi-phase ac coil 102, and a housing 103, the stator core 101 is fixed on the housing 103, and the multi-phase ac coil 102 is mounted on the stator core 101;
preferably, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, the rotor 2 includes a rotor holder 201, permanent magnets 202 and soft magnetic poles 203, and the permanent magnets 202 and soft magnetic poles 203 are embedded in the rotor holder 201.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the magnetic conductive cover 104 is embedded in the base 103, at least one of the base 103, the bearing 6 and the shaft 7 is made of a non-magnetic conductive material, if all the three are made of a magnetic conductive material, part of the magnetic flux generated by the dc excitation unit 3 does not pass through the stator core 101, but passes through the metal bearing 6 and the magnetic shaft 7 to leak, and the magnetic flux in the leaking part cannot change the magnetic field in the air gap 5 of the motor;
preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 6, the dc excitation unit 3 includes a frame 301 and an excitation coil 302, the excitation coil 302 is wound on the frame 301, the dc excitation unit 3 is fixedly connected in the machine base 103, and the dc excitation unit 3 is disposed on an outer circumference of the stator core 101.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 7, the path of the dc excitation magnetic flux 4 of the motor is: the soft magnetic pole 203, the first air gap 5A, the first stator core 101A, the first magnetic cover 104A, the second magnetic cover 104B, the second stator core 101B, and the second air gap 5B, and then returns to the soft magnetic pole 203, and the direct-current excitation magnetic flux passes through only two air gaps 5.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the magnetic conductive cover 104 is overlapped with the stator yoke 1011 of the stator core 101 in the stator 1, and there is no air gap therebetween; the first magnetic conductive cover 104A and the second magnetic conductive cover 104B are tightly attached to each other along the axial direction M without gaps.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the multi-phase ac coils 102 in the stator 1 are embedded in the stator slots 1012 of the stator core 101, and the multi-phase ac coils 102 in each stator 1 are arranged as multi-phase distributed windings or concentrated windings according to the motor winding theory; the same alternating current winding in both stators 1 is either in parallel or in series.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 in the rotor 2 are arranged in the following manner: mode one (as shown in fig. 5 a): the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are circumferentially alternately arranged, the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the first stator 1A are all N poles (or S poles), the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the second stator 1B are all S poles (or N poles), an auxiliary permanent magnet 2021 is also arranged along the radial center line direction of the soft magnetic poles 203, the polarities of the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021 facing the first stator 1A are all S poles (or N poles), and the polarities of the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021 facing the second stator 1B are all N poles (or S poles); a spacer magnet 204 is placed between the soft magnetic pole 203 and the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021. Mode two (as shown in fig. 5 b): the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are circumferentially alternately arranged, the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the first stator 1A are all N poles (or S poles), the polarities of the permanent magnets 202 facing the second stator 1B are all S poles (or N poles), and the permanent magnets 202 and the soft magnetic poles 203 are circumferentially alternately arranged.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, fixing bosses 205 are provided on both sides of the circumferences of the permanent magnet 202, the soft magnetic pole 203 and the magnet spacer 204, and the permanent magnet 202, the soft magnetic pole 203 and the magnet spacer 204 are jointly embedded in the rotor support 201.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the skeleton 301 of the dc excitation unit 3 has a "U" structure, and the skeleton 301 is made of a non-magnetic material; the exciting coil 302 is wound with enameled wire and is embedded in the U-shaped groove of the framework 301.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4 and 7, the magnetic conductive cover 104 is made of a magnetic conductive material, and is used as a path of the dc excitation magnetic flux 4, and is made of electrical pure iron, a soft magnetic composite material, or other materials with good magnetic conductive performance.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the soft magnetic pole 203 is a magnetic conductive material, and is made of a silicon steel sheet, a soft magnetic composite material, or other materials with small iron loss and good magnetic conductivity, when the direct current I is introduced into the exciting coil 302 in the direction shown in fig. 7, a direct current exciting magnetic flux 4 is generated, the polarity of the permanent magnet 202 facing the first stator 1A is N under the action of the direct current exciting magnetic flux 4, the polarity of the soft magnetic pole 203 facing the first stator 1A is also N, and is opposite to the polarity S of the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021, and at this time, the direct current exciting magnetic flux 4 weakens the magnetic field in the air gap 5; if the direction of the current I is changed, the polarity of the soft magnetic pole 203 against the first stator 1A is S, the direct-current excitation magnetic flux 4 attenuates the magnetic field in the air gap 5, and when the polarity of the soft magnetic pole 203 against the first stator 1A is S, the same as the polarity S of the auxiliary permanent magnet 2021, at this time, the direct-current excitation magnetic flux 4 amplifies the magnetic field in the air gap 5.
The strength of the magnetic field in the air gap 5 reflects the motor's ability to generate back emf, which varies significantly with the magnitude and sign of the current I in the field coil 302, as shown in fig. 8. It can be seen that the direct current excitation unit 3, the soft magnetic pole 203 and the magnetic conductive cover 104 cooperate to change the magnetic field in the air gap 5 of the motor, so as to well adjust the terminal voltage of the motor.
The invention provides a mixed excitation axial flux motor, which has basically the same structure as the traditional axial flux motor, is easy to manufacture and is suitable for batch production; meanwhile, the motor has the advantages of wide rotating speed operation interval, constant voltage power generation adjustment capability, high power density, low permanent magnet demagnetizing risk and high motor operation reliability in operation performance.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a double-stator single-rotor axial magnetic flux hybrid excitation motor, includes stator (1) and rotor (2), and stator (1) are two, are first stator (1A) and second stator (1B) respectively; the first stator (1A) and the second stator (1B) are arranged at two sides of the rotor (2), the first stator (1A) and the second stator (1B) are fastened together through bolts, an air gap (5) is arranged between the two stators (1) and the rotor (2), and the air gap (5) is a first air gap (5A) and a second air gap (5B) respectively; the rotor (2) is fixed on the shaft (7), bearings (6) are arranged at two ends of the shaft (7), and the stator (1) is in rotary fit with the shaft (7) through the bearings (6);
the stator (1) comprises a stator core (101), a multiphase alternating current coil (102) and a machine base (103), wherein the stator core (101) is fixed on the machine base (103), and the multiphase alternating current coil (102) is arranged on the stator core (101);
the rotor (2) comprises a rotor support (201), permanent magnets (202) and soft magnetic poles (203), wherein the permanent magnets (202) and the soft magnetic poles (203) are embedded in the rotor support (201);
the method is characterized in that:
the magnetic conduction cover (104) is embedded in the machine base (103), and at least one of the machine base (103), the bearing (6) and the shaft (7) is made of a non-magnetic conduction material;
the motor further comprises a direct current excitation unit (3), wherein the direct current excitation unit (3) comprises a framework (301) and an excitation coil (302), the excitation coil (302) is wound on the framework (301), the direct current excitation unit (3) is fixedly connected in the machine base (103), and the direct current excitation unit (3) is arranged on the outer circle of the stator core (101);
the direct current excitation unit (3) excitation coil (302) is electrified with direct current to generate direct current excitation magnetic flux (4), and the path of the direct current excitation magnetic flux (4) of the motor is as follows: the magnetic field generator comprises a soft magnetic pole (203), a first air gap (5A), a first stator iron core (101A) of a first stator (1A), a first magnetic conduction cover (104A) of the first stator (1A), a second magnetic conduction cover (104B) of a second stator (1B), a second stator iron core (101B) of the second stator (1B), a second air gap (5B), and then the magnetic field generator returns to the soft magnetic pole (203), wherein direct current excitation magnetic flux only passes through the two air gaps (5).
2. The dual stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic conduction cover (104) is overlapped with a stator yoke (1011) of a stator iron core (101) in the stator (1), and an air gap is not formed between the magnetic conduction cover and the stator yoke; the first magnetic conductive cover (104A) and the second magnetic conductive cover (104B) are tightly attached along the axial direction M without gaps.
3. The dual stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor of claim 1, wherein: the multi-phase alternating current coils (102) in the stators (1) are embedded into stator slots (1012) of the stator core (101), and the multi-phase alternating current coils (102) in each stator (1) are arranged into multi-phase distributed windings or concentrated windings according to motor winding theory; the same alternating current winding in the two stators (1) is connected in parallel or in series.
4. The dual stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor of claim 1, wherein: the arrangement mode of the permanent magnets (202) and the soft magnetic poles (203) in the rotor (2) is one of the following modes:
mode one: the permanent magnets (202) and the soft magnetic poles (203) are circumferentially and alternately arranged, the polarities of the permanent magnets (202) facing the first stator (1A) are N poles or S poles, the polarities of the permanent magnets (202) facing the second stator (1B) are S poles or N poles, an auxiliary permanent magnet (2021) is further arranged along the radial centerline direction R of the soft magnetic poles (203), the polarities of the auxiliary permanent magnet (2021) facing the first stator (1A) are S poles or N poles, and the polarities of the auxiliary permanent magnet (2021) facing the second stator (1B) are N poles or S poles; a spacing magnet (204) is arranged between the soft magnetic pole (203) and the auxiliary permanent magnet (2021);
mode two: the permanent magnets (202) and the soft magnetic poles (203) are alternately arranged on the circumference, the polarities of the permanent magnets (202) facing the first stator (1A) are N poles or S poles, the polarities of the permanent magnets (202) facing the second stator (1B) are S poles or N poles, and the permanent magnets (202) and the soft magnetic poles (203) are alternately arranged on the circumference.
5. The dual stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor of claim 4, wherein: the permanent magnet (202), the soft magnetic pole (203) and the magnet isolation body (204) are provided with fixing bosses (205), and the permanent magnet (202), the soft magnetic pole (203) and the magnet isolation body (204) are jointly embedded into the rotor support (201).
6. The dual stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor of claim 1, wherein: the section of a framework (301) of the direct current excitation unit (3) is of a U-shaped structure, and the framework (301) is made of a non-magnetic conductive material; the exciting winding (3) is wound by enamelled wires and is embedded in a U-shaped groove of the framework (301).
7. The double stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the magnetic conduction cover (104) is made of magnetic conduction materials.
8. The double stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor of claim 1 or 4, wherein: the soft magnetic pole (203) is made of magnetic conductive material.
9. The dual stator single rotor axial flux hybrid excitation motor of claim 1, wherein: the direct-current excitation magnetic flux (4) generated by the direct-current excitation is introduced into the excitation coil (302) of the direct-current excitation unit (3) so as to strengthen the magnetic induction intensity in the air gap (5), and the magnetic induction intensity in the air gap (5) can be weakened by changing the current direction in the excitation coil (302).
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