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CN113417144B - A kind of polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113417144B
CN113417144B CN202110603925.5A CN202110603925A CN113417144B CN 113417144 B CN113417144 B CN 113417144B CN 202110603925 A CN202110603925 A CN 202110603925A CN 113417144 B CN113417144 B CN 113417144B
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CN113417144A (en
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邢铁玲
艾馨
谢爱玲
卢神州
陈国强
卢焦生
刘萍
向中林
刘军
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Nantong Lianfa Printing And Dyeing Co ltd
Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D06M15/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
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    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

本发明提供一种制备聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维的方法,包括以下步骤:将尼龙纤维在60℃‑70℃条件下浸渍于含有多酚类化合物的水溶液中反应,再向水溶液中加入水溶性氧化剂,在70℃‑80℃条件下继续反应,反应完全后得到多酚聚合的尼龙纤维;在20‑30℃、pH为0.5‑3的条件下将多酚聚合的尼龙纤维浸入含有三价铁盐、高分子分散剂、噻吩衍生物的反应液中反应得到聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维。本发明提供的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维制备方法无需使用重金属敏化剂、重金属主盐,绿色环保;无需对尼龙纤维进行强氧化剂前处理,保留尼龙纤维强度;能够获得较强的导电层与尼龙纤维的结合力;能耗少,反应周期短,操作简单,能源利用率高。

Figure 202110603925

The invention provides a method for preparing polythiophene composite nylon conductive fibers, comprising the following steps: immersing nylon fibers in an aqueous solution containing polyphenolic compounds at 60°C-70°C for reaction, and then adding a water-soluble oxidant to the aqueous solution , continue the reaction at 70-80°C, and obtain polyphenol-polymerized nylon fibers after the reaction is complete; at 20-30°C and pH 0.5-3, the polyphenol-polymerized nylon fibers are immersed in polyphenol-polymerized nylon fibers containing ferric salt , a polymer dispersant, and a reaction solution of a thiophene derivative to obtain a polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber. The preparation method of the polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber provided by the invention does not need to use heavy metal sensitizers and heavy metal main salts, and is green and environmentally friendly; it does not need to pre-treat the nylon fiber with a strong oxidant, and the strength of the nylon fiber is retained; a strong conductive layer and nylon fibers can be obtained. Fiber binding force; low energy consumption, short reaction period, simple operation and high energy utilization rate.

Figure 202110603925

Description

一种聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维及其制备方法A kind of polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber and preparation method thereof

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及纤维改性制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维及其制备方法。The invention relates to the technical field of fiber modification and preparation, in particular to a polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber and a preparation method thereof.

背景技术Background technique

随着工业的发展,各类家用电器和电子设备的种类和数量日益增多,人们对于抗静电纤维的重视程度也越来越高,随着人们生活水平的提高和对自身健康保护意识的增强,民用导电纤维的推广使用必然成为趋势。因此,导电纤维的制备技术也在不断发展,其中主要的一部分就是采用化学镀银的方法制备导电纤维,在众多纤维中,尼龙纤维由于表面光滑结构完整,活性反应基团很少,因此对于提高尼龙纤维的导电性一直以来都是抗静电纤维需要克服的主要难题之一。With the development of industry, the types and quantities of various household appliances and electronic equipment are increasing day by day, and people pay more and more attention to antistatic fibers. The promotion and use of civil conductive fibers will inevitably become a trend. Therefore, the preparation technology of conductive fibers is also constantly developing, and the main part is the preparation of conductive fibers by electroless silver plating. Among many fibers, nylon fibers have a smooth surface and a complete structure and few active reactive groups. The electrical conductivity of nylon fibers has always been one of the main challenges for antistatic fibers to overcome.

以多酚氧化自聚合为代表的仿生贻贝化学由于其利用率高,效果优异且绿色环保从而得到材料界巨大关注,被广泛应用于材料表界面改性和功能化处理,其中申请号201811166015.x的发明专利公开了一种利用茶多酚氧化自聚合制备得到的新型天然环保纺织染料;申请号202011158029.4的发明专利公开了一种富含茶多酚的可护肤抗菌的茶纤维及其制备方法;申请号202010492930.9的发明专利公开了一种利用聚多巴胺改性纳米纤维涂层基,制备滤膜的方法。Biomimetic mussel chemistry represented by oxidative self-polymerization of polyphenols has attracted great attention from the material industry due to its high utilization rate, excellent effect and green environmental protection, and has been widely used in surface and interface modification and functionalization of materials. The invention patent of x discloses a new type of natural environment-friendly textile dye prepared by oxidative self-polymerization of tea polyphenols; the invention patent of application number 202011158029.4 discloses a tea fiber rich in tea polyphenols that can protect skin and antibacterial and its preparation method ; The invention patent of application number 202010492930.9 discloses a method for preparing a filter membrane by using polydopamine to modify a nanofiber coating base.

导电聚合物因具有很好的热稳定性、化学稳定性、较高的储存电荷能力、较好的电化学性能和气体分离性能,被认为是21世纪的新材料。聚噻吩又因电性能优异、易制备、热稳定性好、与其他通用高分子复合后仍具有较高的使用价值等特点引起了科研工作者的极大兴趣。Conductive polymers are considered to be new materials in the 21st century due to their good thermal stability, chemical stability, high charge storage capacity, good electrochemical performance and gas separation performance. Polythiophene has attracted great interest of researchers because of its excellent electrical properties, easy preparation, good thermal stability, and high use value after being compounded with other general polymers.

镀银尼龙导电纤维的应用非常广泛,目前主要采用化学镀银的方法进行尼龙纤维表面的金属化,申请号201011373886.3的发明专利公开了一种利用氯化亚锡对尼龙纤维进行敏化,制备镀银导电尼龙纤维的方法;申请号:201910343930.x的发明专利公开了一种具有保护膜的抗氧化镀银尼龙纤维;申请号201410148781.9公开了一种利用镀银尼龙制作一种镀银电磁屏蔽衬布的方法。The application of silver-plated nylon conductive fibers is very extensive. At present, the method of chemical silver plating is mainly used to metallize the surface of nylon fibers. The invention patent of application number 201011373886.3 discloses a method of using stannous chloride to sensitize nylon fibers to prepare plating The method of silver conductive nylon fiber; the invention patent of application number: 201910343930.x discloses an anti-oxidation silver-plated nylon fiber with a protective film; application number 201410148781.9 discloses a silver-plated electromagnetic shielding lining cloth made of silver-plated nylon Methods.

目前化学镀银工艺共同的缺点是在化学镀银过程中采用的敏化剂氯化亚锡以及含有银离子的溶液属于重金属,毒性大,在生产加工过程中容易造成呼吸道感染和皮肤病等问题,因此对于生产车间、生产设备和工人防护方面要求极高;此外尼龙表面光滑,反应基团少,常用强氧化剂进行前处理,会造成尼龙纤维强度大幅度下降;如未进行强氧化剂前处理,则镀银层与尼龙纤维的结合不牢,易脱落;因此开发一种不使用重金属敏化剂及主盐,绿色环保;无需强氧化剂前处理,保留尼龙纤维强度;导电层与尼龙纤维结合牢固的尼龙导电纤维制备方法对抗静电、电磁屏蔽、复合材料等领域的发展至关重要。The common disadvantage of the current electroless silver plating process is that the sensitizer stannous chloride and the solution containing silver ions used in the electroless silver plating process are heavy metals, which are highly toxic and easily cause respiratory infections and skin diseases in the production and processing process. Therefore, the requirements for production workshops, production equipment and worker protection are extremely high; in addition, the nylon surface is smooth and the reactive groups are few, and strong oxidants are often used for pretreatment, which will cause a significant decrease in the strength of nylon fibers; if no strong oxidant pretreatment is performed, Then the silver-plated layer and the nylon fiber are not firmly combined and easy to fall off; therefore, a new method is developed that does not use heavy metal sensitizers and main salts, which is green and environmentally friendly; no strong oxidant pretreatment is required, and the strength of the nylon fiber is retained; the conductive layer and the nylon fiber are firmly combined The preparation method of nylon conductive fiber is very important for the development of anti-static, electromagnetic shielding, composite materials and other fields.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于提供一种聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维及其制备方法,该方法不使用重金属敏化剂、不使用重金属主盐,无需进行强氧化剂前处理保留尼龙纤维强度、导电层与尼龙纤维结合牢固。The object of the present invention is to provide a polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber and a preparation method thereof, which do not use heavy metal sensitizers, do not use heavy metal main salts, and do not require strong oxidant pretreatment to retain nylon fiber strength, conductive layer and nylon fiber. Bonds firmly.

本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

本发明提供一种制备聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维的方法,包括以下步骤:The invention provides a method for preparing polythiophene composite nylon conductive fibers, comprising the following steps:

(1)将尼龙纤维在60℃-70℃条件下浸渍于含有多酚类化合物的水溶液中,再向溶液中加入水溶性氧化剂,将得到的反应液在70℃-80℃条件下继续反应,反应完全后得到多酚聚合的尼龙纤维;多酚类化合物为包含儿茶酚基团的多酚类化合物,优选的,反应时间为20-100min,进一步优选的,水溶性氧化剂包括过硼酸钠、过硫酸钠、过硼酸钾;(1) Immerse the nylon fiber in an aqueous solution containing a polyphenol compound at 60°C-70°C, then add a water-soluble oxidant to the solution, and continue the reaction at 70°C-80°C to obtain the reaction solution, After the reaction is completed, polyphenol-polymerized nylon fibers are obtained; the polyphenolic compound is a polyphenolic compound containing a catechol group, preferably, the reaction time is 20-100min, and further preferably, the water-soluble oxidant includes sodium perborate, Sodium persulfate, potassium perborate;

(2)在20-30℃、pH为0.5-3的条件下将步骤(1)获得的所述多酚聚合的尼龙纤维浸入含有三价铁盐、高分子分散剂、噻吩衍生物的反应液中反应得到聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维。(2) Immerse the polyphenol-polymerized nylon fiber obtained in step (1) into the reaction solution containing ferric salt, polymer dispersant and thiophene derivative at 20-30° C. and pH of 0.5-3 The polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber is obtained by the reaction in the middle.

进一步的,在步骤(1)之前,还包括步骤(1a):在40℃-60℃条件下用浓度为20-100mL/L的硫酸浸泡尼龙纤维20-120分钟后洗净脱水。该步骤可以对纤维表面进行粗化,提供更多的反应位点。Further, before step (1), it also includes step (1a): soaking nylon fibers with sulfuric acid with a concentration of 20-100 mL/L for 20-120 minutes at 40°C-60°C, then washing and dehydrating. This step can roughen the fiber surface and provide more reaction sites.

进一步的,在步骤(2)中,所述铁盐包括三氯化铁和/或硫酸铁,在反应液中,所述铁盐的浓度为0.006-0.02mol/L。Further, in step (2), the iron salt includes ferric chloride and/or iron sulfate, and in the reaction solution, the concentration of the iron salt is 0.006-0.02 mol/L.

进一步的,在步骤(2)中,所述高分子分散剂包括聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,在反应液中,所述高分子分散剂的浓度为0.5-2g/L。Further, in step (2), the polymer dispersant includes sodium polystyrene sulfonate, and in the reaction solution, the concentration of the polymer dispersant is 0.5-2 g/L.

进一步的,所述噻吩衍生物包括3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩,在反应液中,所述噻吩衍生物的浓度为0.0007-0.02mol/L。Further, the thiophene derivative includes 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, and in the reaction solution, the concentration of the thiophene derivative is 0.0007-0.02mol/L.

进一步的,在步骤(1)中,所述多酚类化合物选自丁香酚、单宁酸、阿魏酸和绿原酸中的一种或多种;所述多酚类化合物的水溶液浓度为1g/L-5g/L;所述水溶性氧化剂包括过硼酸钠、过硫酸钠、过硼酸钾,反应液中,所述水溶性氧化剂的浓度为1g/L-3g/L。Further, in step (1), the polyphenolic compound is selected from one or more of eugenol, tannic acid, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid; the aqueous solution concentration of the polyphenolic compound is 1g/L-5g/L; the water-soluble oxidant includes sodium perborate, sodium persulfate, potassium perborate, and in the reaction solution, the concentration of the water-soluble oxidant is 1g/L-3g/L.

进一步的,在步骤(2中),通过加入硫酸调节反应液的pH。Further, in step (2), the pH of the reaction solution is adjusted by adding sulfuric acid.

进一步的,所述尼龙纤维包括尼龙56、尼龙66以及尼龙6纤维中的一种或多种并股。进一步的,在步骤(3)后,还包括步骤(4):将镀银尼龙导电纤维洗净脱水后,在90~140℃下干燥2~10min。Further, the nylon fibers include one or more of nylon 56, nylon 66 and nylon 6 fibers that are plied together. Further, after step (3), step (4) is further included: after washing and dehydrating the silver-plated nylon conductive fiber, drying at 90-140° C. for 2-10 minutes.

进一步的,在步骤(3)后,还包括步骤(4):将所述聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维洗净脱水后,在80-110℃下干燥5~30min。Further, after step (3), step (4) is further included: after the polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber is washed and dehydrated, it is dried at 80-110° C. for 5-30 minutes.

本发明以多酚氧化自聚合为代表的仿生贻贝化学为天然多酚代替了传统工艺中的敏化剂氯化亚锡,绿色环保,同时保证了纤维强力几乎不受影响,聚合后的多酚具有很强的粘附性,可以沉积在各种材料上作为二次反应平台,解决了后续聚噻吩牢度不高的问题。其次相比于传统导电纤维制备方法,噻吩不含重金属成分,绿色环保,利用率更高,成本低,为制备新型导电尼龙纤维提供了新思路。The biomimetic mussel chemistry represented by the oxidative self-polymerization of polyphenols in the present invention replaces the sensitizer stannous chloride in the traditional process with natural polyphenols, which is green and environmentally friendly, and at the same time ensures that the fiber strength is hardly affected, and the polymerized Phenol has strong adhesion and can be deposited on various materials as a secondary reaction platform, which solves the problem of low fastness of subsequent polythiophene. Secondly, compared with the traditional conductive fiber preparation method, thiophene does not contain heavy metal components, is green and environmentally friendly, has higher utilization rate and low cost, and provides a new idea for the preparation of new conductive nylon fibers.

本发明的另一目的在于提供一种聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维,使用上述任一项制备方法所制备。Another object of the present invention is to provide a polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber, which is prepared by using any of the above preparation methods.

进一步地,本发明的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维包括尼龙纤维本体,尼龙纤维本体表面从内到外依次设有聚多酚层及导电层,导电层中包括多个聚噻吩高分子链。Further, the polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber of the present invention includes a nylon fiber body, the surface of the nylon fiber body is sequentially provided with a polypolyphenol layer and a conductive layer from the inside to the outside, and the conductive layer includes a plurality of polythiophene polymer chains.

进一步地,导电层厚度为50-400nm。Further, the thickness of the conductive layer is 50-400 nm.

进一步地,聚多酚层厚度为1.5nm-2.2μm。Further, the thickness of the polyphenol layer is 1.5 nm-2.2 μm.

本发明提供的制备方法的原理如下:The principle of the preparation method provided by the invention is as follows:

首先,可选择的采用硫酸对纤维表面进行粗化,硫酸粗化可以降解部分的聚酰胺,暴露出更多纤维中的羧基、氨基,形成反应活性位点。然后多酚在氧化剂、碱性条件下容易被氧化并自聚合,其中的儿茶酚基团被诱导氧化为醌,发生Michael加成和Schiff反应(相关反应式见图2),形成共价交联接枝在纤维表面,将惰性表面转化为高活性聚多酚表面;其次,加入铁离子后,聚多酚通过与铁离子的特异性配位结合,构筑成有效的铁离子吸附层;铁离子在噻吩聚合过程中起到催化氧化聚合的作用,从而使噻吩聚合在纤维的表面,并且,铁离子在噻吩聚合以后,进一步起到聚噻吩导电的掺杂作用,提高聚噻吩的导电性能。另外,在聚合噻吩的过程中添加高分子分散剂,掺杂的同时也作为分散剂,提供稳定的水分散体系,促使噻吩形成稳定的悬浮液,进而使噻吩均匀聚合在尼龙纤维表面,提高纤维导电能力。First, the surface of the fiber is optionally roughened with sulfuric acid, which can degrade part of the polyamide and expose more carboxyl and amino groups in the fiber to form reactive sites. Then polyphenols are easily oxidized and self-polymerized under oxidant and alkaline conditions, and the catechol groups are induced to oxidize to quinones, and Michael addition and Schiff reaction occur (see Figure 2 for the relevant reaction formula) to form a covalent cross-linkage. It is linked and grafted on the surface of the fiber, and the inert surface is converted into a highly active polyphenol surface; secondly, after adding iron ions, the polypolyphenols form an effective iron ion adsorption layer through specific coordination and binding with iron ions; The ions can catalyze oxidative polymerization during the polymerization of thiophene, so that the thiophene is polymerized on the surface of the fiber, and after the polymerization of thiophene, the iron ions further play a conductive doping role in the polythiophene, thereby improving the conductivity of the polythiophene. In addition, a polymer dispersant is added in the process of polymerizing thiophene, and it also acts as a dispersant during doping to provide a stable water dispersion system, promote the formation of a stable suspension of thiophene, and then uniformly polymerize thiophene on the surface of nylon fibers. Conductivity.

借由上述方案,本发明至少具有以下优点:By means of the above scheme, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

本发明提供的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维制备方法无需使用重金属敏化剂,例如氯化亚锡,无需使用重金属主盐,制备过程无毒性,绿色环保;无需对尼龙纤维进行强氧化剂前处理,保留尼龙纤维强度,同时纤维表面的聚多酚具有很强的粘附性,可以作为聚噻吩的反应平台,能够获得较强的导电层与尼龙纤维的结合力;能耗少,反应周期短,操作简单,能源利用率高,可以扩大尼龙纤维的使用价值,增加产品的附加值。The preparation method of the polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber provided by the invention does not need to use heavy metal sensitizers, such as stannous chloride, and does not need to use heavy metal main salts, the preparation process is non-toxic, green and environmental protection; Nylon fiber strength, and the polypolyphenol on the fiber surface has strong adhesion, which can be used as a reaction platform for polythiophene, and can obtain a strong bonding force between the conductive layer and nylon fiber; low energy consumption, short reaction period, easy operation Simple, high energy utilization, can expand the use value of nylon fiber, increase the added value of products.

本发明提供的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维,具有纤维强度高、导电层结合牢固不易脱落的优点,同时聚多酚生物相容性好,天然具有抗菌、抗螨等性能,制备的导电尼龙纤维集多功能于一体。The polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber provided by the invention has the advantages of high fiber strength, firm bonding of the conductive layer and not easy to fall off, and at the same time, the polypolyphenol has good biocompatibility, and naturally has antibacterial, anti-mite and other properties. All in one.

上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合详细附图说明如后。The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly and implement it according to the content of the description, the following description is given with the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the detailed drawings.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是实施例一整理前(a)、经实施例一整理后低倍(b)、经实施例一整理后高倍(c)、经实施例二整理后(d)、经实施例三整理后(e)尼龙纤维表面的SEM图。Fig. 1 is before (a) of embodiment 1 finishing, low magnification (b) after finishing of embodiment 1, high magnification (c) after finishing of embodiment 1, after finishing of embodiment 2 (d), after finishing of embodiment 3 Rear (e) SEM image of the nylon fiber surface.

图2(a)是制备方法的原理中涉及到的Michael加成反应式、图2(b)是制备方法的原理中涉及到的Schiff反应式。Fig. 2(a) is the Michael addition reaction formula involved in the principle of the preparation method, and Fig. 2(b) is the Schiff reaction formula involved in the principle of the preparation method.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合图表和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

实施例一Example 1

a)尼龙56纤维的清洁:用洗涤剂清洗去除尼龙纤维表面的油剂和污垢备用;a) Cleaning of nylon 56 fiber: use detergent to remove oil and dirt on the surface of nylon fiber for use;

b)尼龙56纤维的粗化:用浓度为20mL/L的硫酸在40℃条件下浸泡洁净的尼龙56纤维,60分钟后洗净脱水;b) Coarsening of nylon 56 fibers: soak clean nylon 56 fibers with sulfuric acid with a concentration of 20 mL/L at 40°C, wash and dehydrate after 60 minutes;

c)多酚在纤维表面的聚合:将步骤b)粗化后的尼龙56纤维浸渍于含有单宁酸2g/L的水溶液中,在60℃条件下振荡30min,加入过硼酸钠至水溶液浓度为3g/L,在70℃条件下振荡20min,使多酚在纤维表面聚合后,将纤维取出洗净脱水;c) Polymerization of polyphenols on the fiber surface: immerse the nylon 56 fibers roughened in step b) in an aqueous solution containing 2 g/L of tannic acid, shake at 60°C for 30 min, and add sodium perborate until the concentration of the aqueous solution is 3g/L, shake at 70°C for 20min to polymerize the polyphenol on the fiber surface, then take out the fiber, wash it and dehydrate it;

d)噻吩在尼龙纤维表面的聚合:在去离子水中依次加入无水三氯化铁,使其浓度为3g/L、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,使其浓度为0.5g/L、3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩,使其浓度为0.1g/L,搅拌均匀,在20℃的强酸性条件下,放入步骤c处理后的尼龙纤维,搅拌7小时;d) Polymerization of thiophene on the surface of nylon fibers: add anhydrous ferric chloride in deionized water to make the concentration 3g/L and sodium polystyrene sulfonate to make the concentration 0.5g/L, 3,4 -Ethylenedioxythiophene, make its concentration 0.1g/L, stir evenly, put the nylon fiber treated in step c under the strong acid condition of 20°C, and stir for 7 hours;

e)清洗固化:取出纤维后,用乙醇和去离子水反复冲洗至溶液澄清,在100℃条件下高温快速干燥20分钟,得到表面包覆聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩的导电尼龙56纤维。e) Cleaning and curing: After taking out the fibers, rinse them repeatedly with ethanol and deionized water until the solution is clear, and then quickly dry at 100°C for 20 minutes to obtain conductive nylon 56 fibers coated with poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. .

图1(a)是本实施例步骤a)中整理前的尼龙56纤维表面SEM图;图1(b)是经实施例一整理后低倍数的尼龙56纤维表面SEM图(低倍率);图1(c)是经实施例一整理后的尼龙56纤维表面SEM图(高倍率);可以看出整理前尼龙56纤维表面光滑,整理后尼龙56纤维表面包覆了致密的聚噻吩,表面粗糙;Fig. 1(a) is the SEM image of the nylon 56 fiber surface before finishing in step a) of this example; Fig. 1(b) is the SEM image (low magnification) of the surface of the nylon 56 fiber at low magnification after finishing in Example 1; Fig. 1(c) is the SEM image (high magnification) of the surface of nylon 56 fiber after finishing in Example 1; it can be seen that the surface of nylon 56 fiber is smooth before finishing, and the surface of nylon 56 fiber after finishing is covered with dense polythiophene, and the surface is rough ;

表一为经实施例一单宁酸聚合多酚后制备聚噻吩导电尼龙纤维处理过程中每阶段纤维强力变化,可以看出经过单宁酸聚合处理后的纤维强力几乎不变,在纤维强力方面具有很大优势,结合表二可以看出,实施例一方法制备的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维同时也具有较好的导电性能。Table 1 shows the change of fiber strength at each stage during the treatment process of preparing polythiophene conductive nylon fibers after tannic acid polymerization of polyphenols. It can be seen that the fiber strength after tannic acid polymerization treatment is almost unchanged. In terms of fiber strength It has great advantages. It can be seen from Table 2 that the polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber prepared by the method in Example 1 also has good electrical conductivity.

实施例二Embodiment 2

a)尼龙56纤维的清洁:用洗涤剂清洗去除尼龙纤维表面的油剂和污垢备用;a) Cleaning of nylon 56 fiber: use detergent to remove oil and dirt on the surface of nylon fiber for use;

b)尼龙56纤维的粗化:用浓度为30mL/L的硫酸在40℃条件下浸泡洁净的尼龙56纤维,60分钟后洗净脱水;b) Coarsening of nylon 56 fibers: soak clean nylon 56 fibers with sulfuric acid with a concentration of 30mL/L at 40°C, wash and dehydrate after 60 minutes;

c)多酚在纤维表面的聚合:将步骤b)粗化后的尼龙纤维浸渍于含有阿魏酸2g/L的水溶液中,在60℃条件下振荡40min,加入过硼酸钠至水溶液浓度为3g/L,在70℃条件下振荡20min,使多酚在纤维表面聚合后,将纤维取出洗净脱水;c) Polymerization of polyphenols on the fiber surface: immerse the roughened nylon fibers in step b) in an aqueous solution containing 2 g/L of ferulic acid, shake at 60°C for 40 min, and add sodium perborate to a concentration of 3 g in the aqueous solution /L, shake at 70°C for 20min to polymerize the polyphenols on the fiber surface, then take out the fiber, wash it and dehydrate it;

d)噻吩在尼龙纤维表面的聚合:在去离子水中依次加入无水三氯化铁,使其浓度为3g/L、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,使其浓度为0.5g/L、3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩,使其浓度为0.3g/L,搅拌均匀。在30℃的强酸性条件下,放入步骤c处理后的尼龙纤维,搅拌8小时。d) Polymerization of thiophene on the surface of nylon fibers: add anhydrous ferric chloride in deionized water to make the concentration 3g/L and sodium polystyrene sulfonate to make the concentration 0.5g/L, 3,4 -Ethylenedioxythiophene, make the concentration 0.3g/L, and stir uniformly. Under a strong acid condition of 30° C., the nylon fibers treated in step c were put in and stirred for 8 hours.

e)取出纤维后,用乙醇和去离子水反复冲洗至溶液澄清,在90℃条件下高温快速干燥30分钟,得到表面包覆聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩的导电尼龙56纤维。e) After taking out the fiber, repeatedly rinsed with ethanol and deionized water until the solution was clear, and quickly dried at a high temperature at 90°C for 30 minutes to obtain a conductive nylon 56 fiber coated with poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene.

图1(d)是经实施例二整理后的尼龙56纤维表面SEM图,整理后尼龙56纤维表面包覆了致密的聚噻吩,表面粗糙;Figure 1(d) is a SEM image of the surface of nylon 56 fiber after finishing in Example 2. After finishing, the surface of nylon 56 fiber is covered with dense polythiophene, and the surface is rough;

结合表二可以看出,实施例二方法制备的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维具有较好的导电性能。It can be seen from Table 2 that the polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber prepared by the method in Example 2 has good electrical conductivity.

实施例三Embodiment 3

a)尼龙56纤维的清洁:用洗涤剂清洗去除尼龙纤维表面的油剂和污垢备用;a) Cleaning of nylon 56 fiber: use detergent to remove oil and dirt on the surface of nylon fiber for use;

b)尼龙56纤维的粗化:用浓度为20mL/L的硫酸在40℃条件下浸泡洁净的尼龙56纤维,60分钟后洗净脱水;b) Coarsening of nylon 56 fibers: soak clean nylon 56 fibers with sulfuric acid with a concentration of 20 mL/L at 40°C, wash and dehydrate after 60 minutes;

c)多酚在纤维表面的聚合:将步骤b)粗化后的尼龙纤维浸渍于含有丁香酚2g/L的水溶液中,在70℃条件下振荡20min,加入过硼酸钾至水溶液浓度为2g/L,在70℃条件下振荡30min,使多酚在纤维表面聚合后,将纤维取出洗净脱水;c) Polymerization of polyphenols on the surface of fibers: soak the roughened nylon fibers in step b) in an aqueous solution containing 2 g/L of eugenol, shake at 70°C for 20 min, and add potassium perborate until the concentration of the aqueous solution is 2 g/L L, shake at 70°C for 30 minutes to polymerize the polyphenol on the fiber surface, then take out the fiber, wash it and dehydrate it;

d)噻吩在尼龙纤维表面的聚合:在去离子水中依次加入无水三氯化铁,使其浓度为3g/L、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,使其浓度为0.5g/L、3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩,使其浓度为0.5g/L,搅拌均匀。在20℃的强酸性条件下,放入步骤c处理后的尼龙纤维,搅拌7小时;d) Polymerization of thiophene on the surface of nylon fibers: add anhydrous ferric chloride in deionized water to make the concentration 3g/L and sodium polystyrene sulfonate to make the concentration 0.5g/L, 3,4 -Ethylenedioxythiophene, make the concentration 0.5g/L, and stir uniformly. Under the strong acid condition of 20 ℃, put the nylon fiber treated in step c, and stir for 7 hours;

e)清洗固化:取出纤维后,用乙醇和去离子水反复冲洗至溶液澄清,在90℃条件下高温快速干燥30分钟,得到表面包覆聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩的导电尼龙56纤维。e) Cleaning and curing: After taking out the fibers, rinse repeatedly with ethanol and deionized water until the solution is clear, and then quickly dry at 90°C for 30 minutes to obtain conductive nylon 56 fibers coated with poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. .

图1(e)是使用本方法整理后尼龙56纤维的SEM图,整理后尼龙56纤维表面包覆了致密的聚噻吩,表面粗糙。Figure 1(e) is the SEM image of the nylon 56 fiber after finishing using this method. The surface of the nylon 56 fiber after finishing is covered with dense polythiophene, and the surface is rough.

结合表二可以看出,实施例三方法制备的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维具有较好的导电性能。It can be seen from Table 2 that the polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber prepared by the method in Example 3 has good electrical conductivity.

实施例四Embodiment 4

a)尼龙56纤维的清洁:用洗涤剂清洗去除尼龙56纤维表面的油剂和污垢备用;a) Cleaning of nylon 56 fibers: use detergent to remove oil and dirt on the surface of nylon 56 fibers for use;

b)尼龙56纤维的粗化:用浓度为30mL/L的硫酸在40℃条件下浸泡洁净的尼龙56纤维,60分钟后洗净脱水;b) Coarsening of nylon 56 fibers: soak clean nylon 56 fibers with sulfuric acid with a concentration of 30mL/L at 40°C, wash and dehydrate after 60 minutes;

c)多酚在纤维表面的聚合:将步骤b粗化后的尼龙纤维浸渍于含有绿原酸2g/L的水溶液中,在75℃条件下振荡20min,加入过硫酸钠至水溶液浓度为3g/L,在75℃条件下振荡30min,使多酚在纤维表面聚合后,将纤维取出洗净脱水;c) Polymerization of polyphenols on the fiber surface: immerse the roughened nylon fibers in step b in an aqueous solution containing 2 g/L of chlorogenic acid, shake at 75°C for 20 min, and add sodium persulfate to the aqueous solution concentration of 3 g/L L, shake at 75°C for 30 minutes to polymerize the polyphenol on the fiber surface, then take out the fiber, wash it and dehydrate it;

d)噻吩在尼龙纤维表面的聚合:在去离子水中依次加入硫酸铁,使其浓度为3g/L、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,使其浓度为0.5g/L、3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩,使其浓度为2g/L,搅拌均匀。在25℃的强酸性条件下,放入步骤c处理后的尼龙56纤维,搅拌8小时;d) Polymerization of thiophene on the surface of nylon fibers: add ferric sulfate in deionized water to make the concentration 3g/L, sodium polystyrene sulfonate to make the concentration 0.5g/L, 3,4-ethylenedioxy Thiophene to make the concentration 2g/L, and stir uniformly. Under the strong acid condition of 25 ℃, put the nylon 56 fiber treated in step c, and stir for 8 hours;

e)清洗固化:取出纤维后,用乙醇和去离子水反复冲洗至溶液澄清,在100℃条件下高温快速干燥20分钟,得到表面包覆聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩的导电尼龙56纤维。e) Cleaning and curing: After taking out the fibers, rinse them repeatedly with ethanol and deionized water until the solution is clear, and then quickly dry at 100°C for 20 minutes to obtain conductive nylon 56 fibers coated with poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. .

用绿原酸和噻吩整理后尼龙56纤维表面包覆了致密的聚噻吩,纤维表面粗糙且具有一定牢度、强力和导电性能。After finishing with chlorogenic acid and thiophene, the surface of nylon 56 fiber is covered with dense polythiophene, and the fiber surface is rough and has certain fastness, strength and conductivity.

实施例五Embodiment 5

a)尼龙66纤维的清洁:用洗涤剂清洗去除尼龙66纤维表面的油剂和污垢备用;a) Cleaning of nylon 66 fibers: use detergent to remove oil and dirt on the surface of nylon 66 fibers for use;

b)尼龙66纤维的粗化:用浓度为30mL/L的硫酸在40℃条件下浸泡洁净的尼龙66纤维,60分钟后洗净脱水;b) Coarsening of nylon 66 fibers: soak clean nylon 66 fibers with sulfuric acid with a concentration of 30mL/L at 40°C, wash and dehydrate after 60 minutes;

c)多酚在纤维表面的聚合:将步骤b粗化后的尼龙纤维浸渍于含有单宁酸2g/L的水溶液中,在75℃条件下振荡20min,加入过硼酸钠至水溶液浓度为3g/L,在75℃条件下振荡30min,使多酚在纤维表面聚合后,将纤维取出洗净脱水;c) Polymerization of polyphenols on the fiber surface: immerse the roughened nylon fibers in step b in an aqueous solution containing 2 g/L of tannic acid, shake at 75°C for 20 min, and add sodium perborate until the concentration of the aqueous solution is 3 g/L L, shake at 75°C for 30 minutes to polymerize the polyphenol on the fiber surface, then take out the fiber, wash it and dehydrate it;

d)噻吩在尼龙纤维表面的聚合:在去离子水中依次加入无水三氯化铁,使其浓度为3g/L、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,使其浓度为0.5g/L、3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩,使其浓度为2g/L,搅拌均匀。在25℃的强酸性条件下,放入步骤c处理后的尼龙纤维,搅拌8小时;d) Polymerization of thiophene on the surface of nylon fibers: add anhydrous ferric chloride in deionized water to make the concentration 3g/L and sodium polystyrene sulfonate to make the concentration 0.5g/L, 3,4 -Ethylenedioxythiophene, make the concentration 2g/L, and stir uniformly. Under the strong acid condition of 25 ℃, put the nylon fiber treated in step c, and stir for 8 hours;

e)清洗固化:取出纤维后,用乙醇和去离子水反复冲洗至溶液澄清,在90℃条件下高温快速干燥25分钟,得到表面包覆聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩的导电尼龙66纤维。e) Cleaning and curing: After taking out the fibers, rinse repeatedly with ethanol and deionized water until the solution is clear, and then quickly dry at 90°C for 25 minutes at high temperature to obtain conductive nylon 66 fibers coated with poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. .

用单宁酸和噻吩整理后的尼龙66纤维表面包覆了致密的聚噻吩,纤维表面粗糙且具有一定牢度、强力,结合表二可以得出,采用本实施例提供的方法制备的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维具有良好的导电性能;The surface of nylon 66 fiber after finishing with tannic acid and thiophene is covered with dense polythiophene. The surface of the fiber is rough and has certain fastness and strength. It can be concluded from Table 2 that the polythiophene prepared by the method provided in this example is used. The composite nylon conductive fiber has good electrical conductivity;

实施例六Embodiment 6

a)尼龙6纤维的清洁:用洗涤剂清洗去除尼龙纤维表面的油剂和污垢备用;a) Cleaning of nylon 6 fiber: use detergent to remove oil and dirt on the surface of nylon fiber for use;

b)尼龙6纤维的粗化:用浓度为40mL/L的硫酸在40℃条件下浸泡洁净的尼龙纤维,60分钟后洗净脱水;b) Coarsening of nylon 6 fiber: soak the clean nylon fiber with sulfuric acid with a concentration of 40mL/L at 40°C, wash and dehydrate after 60 minutes;

c)多酚在纤维表面的聚合:将步骤b粗化后的尼龙6纤维浸渍于含有丁香酚2g/L的水溶液中,在70℃条件下振荡30min,加入过硼酸钠至水溶液浓度为3g/L,在75℃条件下振荡30min,使多酚在纤维表面聚合后,将纤维取出洗净脱水;c) Polymerization of polyphenols on the fiber surface: the nylon 6 fibers roughened in step b were immersed in an aqueous solution containing 2 g/L of eugenol, shaken at 70 °C for 30 min, and sodium perborate was added until the aqueous solution concentration was 3 g/L L, shake at 75°C for 30 minutes to polymerize the polyphenol on the fiber surface, then take out the fiber, wash it and dehydrate it;

d)噻吩在尼龙纤维表面的聚合:在去离子水中依次加入无水三氯化铁,使其浓度为3g/L、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,使其浓度为0.5g/L的3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩,使其浓度为2g/L,搅拌均匀。在25℃的强酸性条件下,放入步骤c处理后的尼龙6纤维,搅拌8小时;d) Polymerization of thiophene on the surface of nylon fibers: add anhydrous ferric chloride in deionized water to make the concentration 3g/L and sodium polystyrene sulfonate to make the concentration 0.5g/L of 3,4 -Ethylenedioxythiophene, make the concentration 2g/L, and stir uniformly. Under the strong acid condition of 25 ℃, put the nylon 6 fiber treated in step c, and stir for 8 hours;

e)清洗固化:取出纤维后,用乙醇和去离子水反复冲洗至溶液澄清,在80℃条件下高温快速干燥30分钟,得到表面包覆聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩的导电尼龙6纤维。e) Cleaning and curing: After taking out the fibers, rinse them repeatedly with ethanol and deionized water until the solution is clear, and then quickly dry at 80°C for 30 minutes to obtain conductive nylon 6 fibers coated with poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. .

用丁香酚和噻吩整理后的尼龙6纤维表面包覆了致密的聚噻吩,纤维表面粗糙且具有一定牢度、强力,结合表二可以得出,采用本实施例提供的方法制备的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维具有良好的导电性能;The surface of the nylon 6 fiber finished with eugenol and thiophene is covered with dense polythiophene, and the fiber surface is rough and has certain fastness and strength. It can be concluded from Table 2 that the polythiophene composite prepared by the method provided in this example is used. Nylon conductive fiber has good electrical conductivity;

性能测试:Performance Testing:

对上述实施例制备的导电纤维进行纤维力学(依据GBT14337-2008)、电学性能测试(依据FZ/T 52032-2014)、皂洗牢度测试(依据GBT14337-2008),结果如表一、表二和表三所示。Conduct fiber mechanics (according to GBT14337-2008), electrical performance test (according to FZ/T 52032-2014), soaping fastness test (according to GBT14337-2008) to the conductive fibers prepared in the above-mentioned embodiments, the results are as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 and shown in Table 3.

表一.实施例一所得制品不同阶段强力Table 1. The strength of the products obtained in Example 1 at different stages

Figure BDA0003093574960000071
Figure BDA0003093574960000071

表二.不同实施例制备的尼龙导电纤维的电导率Table 2. Conductivity of nylon conductive fibers prepared in different examples

Figure BDA0003093574960000072
Figure BDA0003093574960000072

表三.实施例一中制备的尼龙导电纤维皂洗牢度Table 3. Soaping fastness of nylon conductive fibers prepared in Example 1

皂洗次数soaping times 11 22 33 44 55 电导率S/cmConductivityS/cm 37.3537.35 45.2245.22 46.3046.30 47.0247.02 47.5647.56 皂洗次数soaping times 66 77 88 99 1010 电导率S/cmConductivityS/cm 47.8847.88 48.0248.02 48.0748.07 48.1848.18 48.2248.22

通过以上实施例,可以明确,本发明提供的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维的制备方法具备不使用重金属敏化剂及主盐,绿色环保;无需对尼龙纤维进行强氧化剂前处理,保留尼龙纤维强度,同时能够获得较强的导电层与尼龙纤维的结合力;能耗少,反应周期短,操作简单,能源利用率高的优点,可以扩大尼龙纤维的使用价值,增加产品的附加值。Through the above examples, it can be clarified that the preparation method of the polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber provided by the present invention does not use heavy metal sensitizers and main salts, and is environmentally friendly; it does not need to pre-treat nylon fibers with strong oxidants, and retains the strength of nylon fibers. At the same time, a strong bonding force between the conductive layer and the nylon fiber can be obtained; the advantages of less energy consumption, short reaction period, simple operation and high energy utilization rate can expand the use value of nylon fiber and increase the added value of the product.

本发明提供的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维,具有纤维强度高、导电层结合牢固不易脱落的优点,同时聚多酚生物相容性好,天然具有抗菌、抗螨等性能,制备的导电尼龙纤维集多功能于一体。The polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber provided by the invention has the advantages of high fiber strength, firm bonding of the conductive layer and not easy to fall off, and at the same time, the polypolyphenol has good biocompatibility, and naturally has antibacterial, anti-mite and other properties. All in one.

以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. , these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种制备聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1. a method for preparing polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1)将尼龙纤维在60℃-70℃条件下浸渍于含有多酚类化合物的水溶液中反应,再向水溶液中加入水溶性氧化剂,在70℃-80℃条件下继续反应,反应完全后得到多酚聚合的尼龙纤维;所述多酚类化合物选自丁香酚、单宁酸、阿魏酸和绿原酸中的一种或多种;所述多酚类化合物的水溶液浓度为1 g/L-5 g/L;(1) The nylon fiber is immersed in an aqueous solution containing polyphenolic compounds at 60°C-70°C for reaction, and then water-soluble oxidant is added to the aqueous solution, and the reaction is continued at 70°C-80°C, and the reaction is completed. Polyphenol-polymerized nylon fiber; the polyphenolic compound is selected from one or more of eugenol, tannic acid, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid; the aqueous solution concentration of the polyphenolic compound is 1 g/ L-5 g/L; (2)在20-30℃、pH为0.5-3的条件下将步骤(1)获得的所述多酚聚合的尼龙纤维浸入含有三价铁盐、高分子分散剂和噻吩衍生物的反应液中反应得到聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维。(2) Immerse the polyphenol-polymerized nylon fiber obtained in step (1) into a reaction solution containing a ferric salt, a polymer dispersant and a thiophene derivative at a temperature of 20-30° C. and a pH of 0.5-3. The polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber is obtained by the reaction in the middle. 2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)之前,还包括步骤(1a):在40℃-60℃条件下用浓度为20-100mL/L的硫酸浸泡所述尼龙纤维20-120分钟。2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before step (1), it further comprises step (1a): soaking the said Nylon fiber 20-120 minutes. 3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,所述三价铁盐包括三氯化铁和/或硫酸铁,在反应液中,所述铁盐的浓度为0.006-0.02mol/L。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the ferric salt comprises ferric chloride and/or ferric sulfate, and in the reaction solution, the concentration of the ferric salt It is 0.006-0.02mol/L. 4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,所述高分子分散剂包括聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,在反应液中,所述高分子分散剂的浓度为0.5-2g/L。4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (2), the polymer dispersant comprises sodium polystyrene sulfonate, and in the reaction solution, the concentration of the polymer dispersant is 4 . 0.5-2g/L. 5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,所述噻吩衍生物包括3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩,在反应液中,所述噻吩衍生物的浓度为0.0007-0.02mol/L。The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the thiophene derivative comprises 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, and in the reaction solution, the concentration of the thiophene derivative is 0.0007-0.02mol/L. 6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,所述水溶性氧化剂包括过硼酸钠、过硫酸钠和过硼酸钾中的一种或多种组合,反应液中,所述水溶性氧化剂的浓度为1g/L-3 g/L。6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the water-soluble oxidant comprises one or more combinations of sodium perborate, sodium persulfate and potassium perborate, and the reaction solution , the concentration of the water-soluble oxidant is 1 g/L-3 g/L. 7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,通过加入硫酸调节反应液的pH。7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (2), the pH of the reaction solution is adjusted by adding sulfuric acid. 8 . 8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述尼龙纤维包括尼龙56、尼龙66以及尼龙6纤维中的一种或多种并股。8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the nylon fibers comprise one or more of nylon 56, nylon 66 and nylon 6 fibers that are plied. 9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:在步骤(3)后,还包括步骤(4):将所述聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维洗净脱水后,在80-110℃下干燥5~30min。9 . The method according to claim 1 , further comprising step (4) after step (3): after washing and dehydrating the polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber, drying at 80-110° C. 5~30min. 10.一种权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法所制备的聚噻吩复合尼龙导电纤维。10. A polythiophene composite nylon conductive fiber prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-9.
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