CN113381496A - Hybrid energy storage system limit value management control method - Google Patents
Hybrid energy storage system limit value management control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
- H02J1/106—Parallel operation of DC sources for load balancing, symmetrisation, or sharing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
- H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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Abstract
本发明是基于一种混合储能系统限值管理控制方法，包括蓄电池模组、超级电容模组、功率分配模块、限值管理模块、蓄电池充放电控制模块和超级电容充放电控制模块；该系统通过超级电容模组和蓄电池模组补偿系统的缺额或盈余功率；限值管理模块能够控制蓄电池模组功率限值和超级电容模组在设定荷电状态区间运行，功率分配模块控制蓄电池模组承担低频功率分量，超级电容模组承担高频功率分量；当超级电容荷电状态超出限值且继续充、放电期间，使蓄电池仅发出或吸收低频功率分量，避免蓄电池过多承担高频分量，损坏内部结构，避免在开始时刻电压电流出现尖峰变化。该系统能够控制蓄电池和超级电容充放电符合其储、放能特性，能延长储能系统使用寿命。
The invention is based on a limit value management and control method of a hybrid energy storage system, including a battery module, a super capacitor module, a power distribution module, a limit value management module, a battery charge and discharge control module and a super capacitor charge and discharge control module; the system Compensate the system’s shortfall or surplus power through the supercapacitor module and battery module; the limit management module can control the power limit of the battery module and the supercapacitor module to operate in the set state of charge range, and the power distribution module controls the battery module Bear the low-frequency power component, and the supercapacitor module bears the high-frequency power component; when the state of charge of the supercapacitor exceeds the limit and continues to charge and discharge, the battery only emits or absorbs the low-frequency power component, so as to prevent the battery from taking too much high-frequency component. Damage the internal structure and avoid the voltage and current spikes at the beginning. The system can control the charging and discharging of batteries and supercapacitors in line with their energy storage and discharge characteristics, and can prolong the service life of the energy storage system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power energy storage systems, in particular to a limit value management control method based on a hybrid energy storage system.
Background
With the development of economy, the traditional energy is increasingly tense, the problem of environmental pollution is more and more serious, countries begin to throw the attention to the development of novel clean energy, and the development of Renewable Energy Power (REP) technology becomes an inevitable choice for solving the problems brought by the traditional energy. The microgrid technology is an important form for effectively utilizing distributed renewable energy, however, distributed power generation is greatly different from a traditional power supply, and the distributed power generation is mainly characterized in that the randomness and intermittency of distributed power generation output such as wind and light can greatly affect the safety and stability of a microgrid. Distributed power sources typified by photovoltaic power generation have received much attention. Due to the unstable self-generation characteristic of the distributed power supply, intermittent fluctuation occurs in the system, so that the system is required to compensate for the shortage or surplus power of the system by using a corresponding energy storage unit to maintain the stability of the voltage of the direct-current bus. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system, the energy storage device becomes an important component of the microgrid system. Energy storage devices can be divided into two types, power type energy storage and energy type energy storage: the power type energy storage device has the characteristics of high response speed, long cycle charge-discharge service life, high charge-discharge speed and the like, and can be generally used for smoothing the power output of distributed power generation; the energy type energy storage device has the characteristics of long energy storage time, large energy storage capacity and the like, and is suitable for peak clipping and valley filling of system loads. Lead-acid batteries have wide applications in energy storage systems due to their high energy density and economy; however, the storage battery has low power density and short service life, and is not suitable for high-power charge and discharge. Compared with the storage battery, the super capacitor has higher power density and cycle life, and has complementarity with the storage battery in performance. The hybrid energy storage system formed by the 2 devices can fully utilize the advantages of the two devices, so that the system obtains good performance. Therefore, the optimal configuration of the energy storage system has important significance on the economy and the power supply reliability of the microgrid.
The current state of domestic research is as follows: in early literatures, research is mainly based on a single energy storage configuration and the influence of photovoltaic output is mainly considered, and in some literature reviews, an energy storage system can be composed of a single energy storage form and multiple energy storage forms respectively; in the process of controlling the new energy grid-connected power, factors such as system cost, volume and the like are comprehensively considered, and the energy storage system is required to have the characteristics of high power, high energy density, long service life and the like; in a system for large-scale grid connection of new energy power generation such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, two energy storage structures are applied; in the micro-grid accessed in a small scale, the energy storage unit has high energy density due to the intermittent requirement of new energy power generation, and meanwhile, the energy storage unit has high power density due to the rapid fluctuation of the load, so that the composite energy storage system consisting of the energy storage units with high power density and high energy density has wide application prospect in the micro-grid; some documents show that in an isolated photovoltaic power generation system, the performance of a battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system is superior to that of a single battery energy storage system; some documents show that the storage battery-super capacitor hybrid energy storage system not only has the characteristics of high energy density and high power density, but also can prolong the service life of the storage battery; there is literature that qualitatively analyzes the extension of the hybrid energy storage system in terms of power and service life of the battery; some documents consider that the cost of the existing energy storage device is high, the power generation cost of the energy storage device is higher than the price of a power grid, and the economy of a micro-power grid is obviously insufficient; some documents propose a stability criterion derivation method based on a mixed potential function theory and suitable for a droop control system, and obtain a stability criterion of a direct-current micro-grid; the criterion shows that the large disturbance stability of the droop-controlled direct-current micro-grid is related to system parameters of each converter and the proportion of output power of each power supply to load power, and the accuracy of the method and the stability criterion is verified in a simulation mode; there are documents that use energy storage systems other than those composed of a single energy storage medium, i.e. Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS); the HESS has the characteristics of high power density, high energy density and long service life, and has attracted wide attention in recent years; in order to solve the power fluctuation problem caused by micro-source output change, load change, charge and discharge power change of an energy storage device due to a charge state and the like of an alternating-current and direct-current hybrid micro-grid, some documents provide a hybrid micro-grid sectional coordination control strategy.
The current state of foreign research is as follows: some related documents propose a double-active full-bridge DC/DC converter, which utilizes a high-frequency transformer to realize electrical isolation and increase the safety of a system, and the structure has high symmetry, simple control mode and wide voltage transformation ratio adjustable range, but more devices have relatively high cost; the direct-current micro-grid can operate in 2 modes of grid connection and grid disconnection; whether the voltage of the direct current bus is stable or not is the most important index for measuring the power balance; when the direct-current micro-grid is in a grid-connected operation mode, the direct-current micro-grid exchanges energy with a public power grid through a grid-connected inverter, and the voltage of a direct-current bus is kept constant by the grid-connected inverter; when an alternating current power grid or a grid-connected inverter breaks down, the direct current micro-power grid is switched to an off-grid operation mode, and the voltage of a direct current bus is mainly maintained to be stable by a distributed power supply and a hybrid energy storage system; some documents propose a distributed HESS control method, wherein a storage battery and a super capacitor are respectively controlled by adopting a virtual resistor and a virtual capacitor, and power distribution among different and same energy storage media is realized according to different virtual parameters; some documents adopt a control method including self-recovery of the super capacitor SOC, and the super capacitor SOC can be recovered to an initial value after a step change occurs. Although the method can ensure that the super capacitor operates in a safe interval, the capacity utilization rate of the super capacitor is reduced, and the method is passive control.
In the hybrid energy storage system, different types of energy storage devices can exchange energy with the direct current bus through different connection modes. In consideration of the performance and economy of the system, an effective energy management strategy is needed to reasonably configure each energy storage device, so that the advantages of the energy storage devices are complemented, and the system is reliable and operates economically.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a limit management control method based on a hybrid energy storage system, the hybrid energy storage system comprises a super capacitor and a storage battery, and during two situations that the charge state of the super capacitor is lower than the lower limit and continues to discharge and the charge state of the super capacitor is higher than the upper limit and continues to charge, the power borne by the storage battery during the period is controlled, so that the storage battery still only bears low-frequency components during the period, the damage to the super capacitor caused by the fact that the storage battery bears the whole power during the period when the super capacitor does not act is avoided, the service life of the storage battery is prolonged, and the economic benefit is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the limit management control method based on the hybrid energy storage system comprises a wind power generation module, a photovoltaic power generation module, the hybrid energy storage system, an alternating current load and a direct current load, wherein the wind power generation module and the photovoltaic power generation module are connected with the alternating current load and the direct current load through a direct current bus and used for providing working voltage for the alternating current load and the direct current load, and the hybrid energy storage system is used for compensating the shortage or surplus power of the system and further keeping the direct current bus voltage as a set value, and is characterized in that: the hybrid energy storage system comprises a storage battery module, a super capacitor module, a power distribution module, a storage battery power and super capacitor limit management module, a storage battery charging and discharging control module and a super capacitor charging and discharging control module;
the power distribution module is used for acquiring the power and the corresponding current value of the super capacitor module and the storage battery module when the shortage or surplus power of the compensation system is acquired;
the storage battery power and super capacitor limit management module is used for controlling the state of charge of the super capacitor to reach a limit value, then redistributing the power born by the super capacitor and the storage battery, wherein the storage battery module bears low-frequency power components, the super capacitor stops charging and discharging in the limit period, and the rest of the normal operation periods bear high-frequency components;
the storage battery charging and discharging control module is used for controlling the storage battery module to be in any working state of charging, discharging and non-acting, and the super capacitor charging and discharging control module is used for controlling the super capacitor module to be in any working state of charging, discharging and non-acting.
The method for acquiring the shortage or surplus power of the compensation system by the power distribution module comprises the following steps:
obtaining direct current bus voltage Power Pdc, alternating current load Power PLS, direct current load Power PLC, Wind Power generation Power Power _ Wind and photovoltaic Power Ppv, wherein a residual Power Phess calculation formula is as follows:
Phess＝Pdc+(PLC+PLS)-Ppv-Power_Wind；
because the storage battery module bears low-frequency power components, the residual power is subjected to low-pass filtering for power distribution, the storage battery reference power Pb _ ref is obtained respectively, the storage battery reference power is divided by the storage battery voltage Ubatt to obtain the storage battery reference current ib _ ref, and similarly, the super capacitor reference power Psc _ ref, the super capacitor voltage Ucs and the super capacitor reference current isc _ ref are obtained.
The wind power generation module comprises a wind turbine and a permanent magnet synchronous motor, wherein the output end of the permanent magnet synchronous motor carries out alternating current-direct current conversion through a universal bridge and realizes direct current output; the maximum power tracking algorithm is adopted to realize the maximum power tracking of the wind power generation module through IGBT gate level control;
the photovoltaic power generation module comprises a photovoltaic panel, the output end of the photovoltaic panel is connected with the IGBT gate level, and the maximum power tracking of the photovoltaic power generation module is realized through the IGBT gate level control by adopting a maximum power tracking algorithm.
The input end of the alternating current load is connected with the direct current bus through the DC/AC inverter.
The storage battery charging and discharging control module comprises an IGBT gate S2 and an IGBT gate S3, the positive pole of the output end of the storage battery module is connected with one end of an inductor L1, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with the D end of the IGBT gate S2, the S end of the IGBT gate S2 is connected with the negative pole of the output end of the storage battery module, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with the S end of the IGBT gate S3, the D end of the IGBT gate S3 is connected with the positive pole of a direct-current bus, and the negative pole of the output end of the storage battery module is connected with the negative pole of the direct-current bus;
the super capacitor charge and discharge control module comprises an IGBT gate S4 and an IGBT gate S5, the positive pole of the output end of the super capacitor module is connected with one end of an inductor L3, the other end of the inductor L3 is connected with the D end of the IGBT gate S4, the S end of the IGBT gate S4 is connected with the negative pole of the output end of the super capacitor module, the other end of the inductor L3 is connected with the S end of the IGBT gate S5, the D end of the IGBT gate S5 is connected with the positive pole of a direct current bus, and the negative pole of the output end of the super capacitor module is connected with the negative pole of the direct current bus.
The g end of the IGBT gate level S2 and the g end of the IGBT gate level S3 are connected with a storage battery trigger pulse module, and the storage battery trigger pulse module is used for sending a storage battery charging trigger signal or a storage battery discharging trigger signal so as to control the storage battery module to be in a charging or discharging state; the m end of the IGBT gate level S2 and the m end of the IGBT gate level S3 are both connected with a grounding end;
the g end of the IGBT gate level S4 and the g end of the IGBT gate level S5 are connected with a super capacitor trigger pulse module, and the super capacitor trigger pulse module is used for sending a super capacitor charging trigger signal or a super capacitor discharging trigger signal so as to control the super capacitor module to be in a charging or discharging state; the m terminal of the IGBT gate stage S4 and the m terminal of the IGBT gate stage S5 are both connected with the ground terminal.
The storage battery power and super capacitor limit management module controls the storage battery and the super capacitor to operate in a set charge state interval and respectively undertakes corresponding power components to operate; when the charge state of the storage battery normally runs, because the charge-discharge speed of the super capacitor is high, if the charge state of the super capacitor is lower than a set lower limit and still in a discharge state, the super capacitor is limited to discharge; if the charge state of the super capacitor is higher than the set upper limit and the super capacitor is still in the charge state, the super capacitor is limited to be charged; when the super capacitor limits the charging period, the storage battery only bears low-frequency components.
The limit management control method based on the hybrid energy storage system has the following beneficial effects that: the super capacitor charge state limit management can be well applied to an alternating current and direct current hybrid energy storage micro-grid containing wind power and photovoltaic, and the influence of excessive charge and discharge of the super capacitor on the service life of the super capacitor due to high reaction speed is avoided; when the state of charge of the super capacitor is lower than the lower limit and continues to discharge and exceeds the upper limit and continues to charge, a charging and discharging power control management strategy for the storage battery is provided, so that the storage battery only emits or absorbs low-frequency power components, the voltage and current of the storage battery can be prevented from generating peak change at the beginning time, meanwhile, the storage battery is prevented from being damaged by frequent voltage and current oscillation within the period of the state of charge limit of the super capacitor, and the service life of the storage battery is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid energy storage system limit management control method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a hybrid energy storage system limit management control method according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wind power generation module in a hybrid energy storage system limit management control method according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation module in a hybrid energy storage system limit management control method according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution module in a hybrid energy storage system limit management control method according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a storage battery power and super capacitor limit management module in a hybrid energy storage system limit management control method according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a storage battery trigger pulse module in the limit management control method of the hybrid energy storage system according to the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a super capacitor trigger pulse module in a hybrid energy storage system limit management control method according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a storage battery charging and discharging control module in a hybrid energy storage system limit management control method according to the invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a charging and discharging control module of a super capacitor in a hybrid energy storage system limit management control method according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of battery trigger pulses during simulation according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the trigger pulse of the super capacitor in the simulation process of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a fan and photovoltaic maximum power tracking output power curve in the simulation process of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a power curve of a DC load and an AC load in a simulation process according to the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of hybrid energy storage power in a simulation process of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the power distribution of the storage battery and the super capacitor in the simulation process of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an unused limit managed supercapacitor state-of-charge curve in a simulation process according to the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a limit-based management of supercapacitor state-of-charge curves during simulation in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of voltage, current, and power curves of a battery without limit management in a simulation process according to the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a diagram of voltage, current, and power curves for a battery using limit management during simulation according to the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a residual power curve in a hybrid energy storage operation simulation process of the independent photovoltaic direct-current microgrid.
FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a reference power curve of a storage battery and a super capacitor in a hybrid energy storage operation simulation process of the independent photovoltaic direct current micro-grid.
Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of voltage, current, and power curves when a storage battery is not managed by a limit value in the simulation process of the hybrid energy storage operation of the independent photovoltaic direct-current microgrid.
Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of voltage, current, and power curves when a storage battery is managed by a limit value in a hybrid energy storage operation simulation process of the independent photovoltaic direct-current microgrid of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a hybrid energy storage system limit management control method is based on a hybrid energy storage system, and includes a wind power generation module, a photovoltaic power generation module, a hybrid energy storage system, an ac load and a dc load, where the wind power generation module and the photovoltaic power generation module are connected to the ac load and the dc load through a dc bus and are used to provide working voltages for the ac load and the dc load, the hybrid energy storage system is used to compensate the shortage or surplus power of the system and further keep the dc bus voltage as a set value, and the hybrid energy storage system includes a storage battery module, a super capacitor module, a power distribution module, a storage battery power and super capacitor limit management module, a storage battery charge and discharge control module, and a super capacitor charge and discharge control module;
the power distribution module is used for acquiring the power and the corresponding current value of the super capacitor module and the storage battery module when the shortage or surplus power of the compensation system is acquired;
the storage battery power and super capacitor limit management module is used for controlling the state of charge of the super capacitor to reach a limit value, then redistributing the power born by the super capacitor and the storage battery, wherein the storage battery module bears low-frequency power components, the super capacitor stops charging and discharging in the limit period, and the rest of the normal operation periods bear high-frequency components;
the storage battery charging and discharging control module is used for controlling the storage battery module to be in any working state of charging, discharging and non-acting, and the super capacitor charging and discharging control module is used for controlling the super capacitor module to be in any working state of charging, discharging and non-acting.
In this embodiment, the AC load input terminal is connected to the DC bus through a DC/AC inverter, such as inverter _ Control in fig. 1, for converting and connecting the DC and AC loads to each other. The circuit parameter generated power and the circuit breaker in the AC/DC load can be set automatically according to the power generated by the wind power and the photovoltaic new energy.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, 600V represents a reference value of the dc bus voltage, Udc represents a bus voltage value measured in the main circuit, proportional integral PI control is performed through a difference between the two values to obtain a dc bus current idc _ ref, and a product of the result and the dc bus voltage is used as power Pdc required for maintaining the dc bus voltage stable; the residual power Phess is subjected to power distribution through a low-pass Filter Design, a low-frequency component Pb _ ref and a high-frequency component Psc _ ref in the residual power are obtained, and the low-frequency power is divided by the voltage Ubatt of the storage battery to obtain a reference current Ib _ ref of the storage battery. In fig. 5, load power PL is PLC + PLs. The method for acquiring the shortage or surplus power of the compensation system by the power distribution module comprises the following steps:
obtaining direct current bus voltage Power Pdc, alternating current load Power PLS, direct current load Power PLC, Wind Power generation Power Power _ Wind and photovoltaic Power Ppv, wherein a residual Power Phess calculation formula is as follows:
Phess＝Pdc+(PLC+PLS)-Ppv-Power_Wind；
because the storage battery module bears low-frequency power components, the residual power is subjected to low-pass filtering for power distribution, the storage battery reference power Pb _ ref is obtained respectively, the storage battery reference power is divided by the storage battery voltage Ubatt to obtain the storage battery reference current ib _ ref, and similarly, the super capacitor reference power Psc _ ref, the super capacitor voltage Ucs and the super capacitor reference current isc _ ref are obtained.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the wind power generation module includes a wind turbine wind _ turbine and a permanent magnet synchronous motor PMGM, and an output end of the permanent magnet synchronous motor performs ac-dc conversion and realizes dc output through a Universal Bridge; the IGBT is an insulated gate bipolar transistor and is used for controlling output power; the S-Function is a maximum power tracking algorithm, and a trigger pulse is generated through a PWM generator to control an IGBT gate-level g end to realize maximum power tracking.
As shown in fig. 4, the photovoltaic power generation module includes a photovoltaic panel, an output end of the photovoltaic panel is connected to an IGBT gate level, and maximum power tracking of the photovoltaic power generation module is realized by IGBT gate level control using a maximum power tracking algorithm.
Further, the m port of the storage battery outputs the voltage, the current and the state of charge data of the storage battery; and the port m of the super capacitor outputs the voltage, the current and the state of charge data of the super capacitor. The m-port outputs the voltage (Ubatt (storage battery)/Usc (super capacitor)), the current (Ibatt (storage battery)/Isc (super capacitor)), and the state of charge (SOC1 (storage battery)/SOC 2 (super capacitor)) of the storage battery and the super capacitor after passing through the BusSelector.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the battery charge and discharge control module includes an IGBT gate S2 and an IGBT gate S3, the positive electrode of the output end of the battery module is connected to one end of an inductor L1, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to the D end of the IGBT gate S2, the S end of the IGBT gate S2 is connected to the negative electrode of the output end of the battery module, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to the S end of the IGBT gate S3, the D end of the IGBT gate S3 is connected to the positive electrode of the dc bus, and the negative electrode of the output end of the battery module is connected to the negative electrode of the dc bus;
as shown in fig. 10, the super capacitor charge and discharge control module includes an IGBT gate S4 and an IGBT gate S5, an anode of an output end of the super capacitor module is connected to one end of an inductor L3, another end of the inductor L3 is connected to a D end of the IGBT gate S4, an S end of the IGBT gate S4 is connected to a cathode of the output end of the super capacitor module, another end of the inductor L3 is connected to an S end of the IGBT gate S5, the D end of the IGBT gate S5 is connected to an anode of the dc bus, and a cathode of the output end of the super capacitor module is connected to a cathode of the dc bus.
Furthermore, the g end of the IGBT gate level S2 and the g end of the IGBT gate level S3 are connected with a storage battery trigger pulse module, and the storage battery trigger pulse module is used for sending a storage battery charging trigger signal or a storage battery discharging trigger signal so as to control the storage battery module to be in a charging or discharging state; the m end of the IGBT gate level S2 and the m end of the IGBT gate level S3 are both connected with a grounding end;
the g end of the IGBT gate level S4 and the g end of the IGBT gate level S5 are connected with a super capacitor trigger pulse module, and the super capacitor trigger pulse module is used for sending a super capacitor charging trigger signal or a super capacitor discharging trigger signal so as to control the super capacitor module to be in a charging or discharging state; the m terminal of the IGBT gate stage S4 and the m terminal of the IGBT gate stage S5 are both connected with the ground terminal.
In fig. 9, G1 represents a discharge trigger signal of the battery, and G2 represents a charge trigger signal of the battery, and the charging and discharging of the battery are controlled by controlling the IGBT gate level or the power MOSFET gate level. Similarly, in fig. 10, G3 represents the discharge trigger signal of the super capacitor, and G4 represents the charge trigger signal of the super capacitor, and the charge and discharge of the super capacitor are controlled by controlling the IGBT gate level or the power MOSFET gate level.
In the embodiment, the storage battery power and super capacitor limit management module controls the storage battery and the super capacitor to operate in a set state of charge interval and respectively undertake corresponding power component operation; when the charge state of the storage battery normally runs, because the charge-discharge speed of the super capacitor is high, if the charge state of the super capacitor is lower than a set lower limit and still in a discharge state, the super capacitor is limited to discharge; if the charge state of the super capacitor is higher than the set upper limit and the super capacitor is still in the charge state, the super capacitor is limited to be charged; when the super capacitor limits the charging period, the storage battery only bears low-frequency components.
The limit value of the storage battery is limited based on the charge state limit value of the super capacitor, the super capacitor does not act during the limit value of the super capacitor, but still needs to be charged and discharged, the charging and discharging power is not borne by the storage battery completely, and if the charging and discharging power is borne, the service life of the storage battery is seriously damaged, so that the charging and discharging of the storage battery need to be limited, and the storage battery only bears low-frequency components. The high-frequency part of the super capacitor during the limit value of the charge state can be transmitted to a large power grid for stabilizing, the specific mode is the prior art, and the detailed discussion is omitted.
As shown in fig. 6, the storage battery power and super capacitor limit management module takes the residual power Phess, the super capacitor state of charge SOC2, the storage battery reference power Pb _ ref, and the super capacitor reference power Psc _ ref as system inputs, constants respectively represent upper and lower limit values set for the super capacitor state of charge, and are usually set to [ 2080 ], in this embodiment, for proving the validity of the control model, the control model is replaced with [ 39.3339.36 ], which is convenient for analysis. Obtaining new storage battery reference power Pb _ ref _1 and super capacitor reference power Psc _ ref _1 after the processing of the limit management function; the storage battery reference current Ib _ ref _1 and the super capacitor reference current Isc _ ref _ 1.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the battery trigger pulse module performs PI control on a difference between a battery reference current Ib _ ref _1 output by the battery power and super-capacitor limit management module and a main circuit battery current Ibatt, outputs a result through a validation module, limits an input signal between an upper Saturation limit and a lower Saturation limit, outputs a high/low potential through PWM control, and determines high/low levels of the batteries G1 and G2 according to newly obtained Ib _ ref _1 as a control input through a Switch module, that is, 1 represents a high level trigger IGBT gate, and 0 represents a low level IGBT does not operate, thereby controlling charging and discharging of the battery. As shown in fig. 11, the upper part of fig. 11 is a G1 trigger signal, the lower part is a G2 trigger signal, G1 is complementary to the high-low level of G2, the high level of G1 indicates that the battery is discharged, and the high level of G2 indicates that the battery is charged.
The principle of the super capacitor trigger pulse module is the same as that of the storage battery trigger pulse module as shown in fig. 8, and the super capacitor trigger pulse module controls the high and low levels of G3 and G4, so that charging and discharging of the super capacitor are controlled. As shown in fig. 12, the upper part of fig. 12 is the G3 trigger signal, the lower part is the G4 trigger signal, G3 is complementary to G4, the high level of G3 indicates that the super capacitor is discharged, and the high level of G4 indicates that the super capacitor is charged.
In conclusion, the super capacitor trigger pulse and the storage battery trigger pulse are controlled by the storage battery power and super capacitor limit value management module, so that the phenomenon of overcharge and overdischarge of the super capacitor due to high reaction speed is avoided, and the service life of the super capacitor is prolonged; meanwhile, during the period that the charge state of the super capacitor is lower than the lower limit and the super capacitor continues to discharge and exceeds the upper limit and continues to charge, a charging and discharging power control management strategy for the storage battery is provided, so that the storage battery only emits or absorbs low-frequency power components, the damage to the storage battery caused by frequent oscillation of the voltage and the current of the storage battery and the rapid change of the voltage and the current of the storage battery at the starting moment in the period of the limit of the storage battery is avoided, the service life of the storage battery is prolonged, and the economic benefit of the whole system can be improved.
The limit management control method based on the hybrid energy storage system is simulated, a simulink model is built according to mathematical models of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation in the simulation process, the maximum power tracking control of each model is realized, and according to the control method of the super capacitor module and the storage battery module, the simulation result is as follows:
the output power of the fan and the photovoltaic maximum power tracking is shown in fig. 13, wherein the output power of the fan is arranged above the fan, the wind speed is increased in 2 seconds, and the output power is increased; the photovoltaic output power is arranged below, the light intensity is reduced in 1 second, and the output power is reduced. Fig. 14 shows the dc load power and the ac load power, where the dc load power is at the upper part and the ac load power is at the lower part, and the load suddenly increases at 1 second and suddenly decreases at 2 seconds for both the dc load and the ac load power. When photovoltaic and wind power generation are connected into the alternating current-direct current hybrid energy storage system, the voltage of the direct current bus is stable.
In the simulation process, the hybrid energy storage power Phess is shown in fig. 15, the power distribution of the storage battery and the super capacitor is shown in fig. 16, and it can be known from the graph that the power borne by the storage battery is relatively smooth, the power change amplitude borne by the super capacitor is large, and the characteristics of the respective storage powers are met.
Taking a simulation running time of 3 seconds as an example, fig. 17 is a curve for managing the state of charge SOC2 of the super capacitor without using a limit, fig. 18 is a curve for managing the state of charge SOC2 of the super capacitor with using a limit, and a lower limit is 39.33% and an upper limit is 39.36% in simulation. According to actual requirements, the lower limit value of the state of charge of the super capacitor can be set to be 20%, and the upper limit value can be set to be 80%.
Meanwhile, fig. 19 is a graph of voltage, current and power when the storage battery is not managed by using the limit value, fig. 20 is a graph of voltage, current and power when the storage battery is managed by using the limit value, and fig. 19 and 20 are graphs of voltage, current and power, respectively, from top to bottom. As can be seen from a comparison of fig. 19 and 20, the battery voltage and current initially change gradually from a rapid change after the start of the battery voltage and current, and the impact on the battery is reduced. The variation range of the residual power in the simulation process is small, and when the fluctuation of the residual power is large, the voltage and the current of the storage battery rapidly oscillate in the period under the two conditions that the charge state of the super capacitor is lower than the lower limit and continues to discharge and the charge state of the super capacitor is higher than the upper limit and continues to charge.
And the correctness of the conclusion is verified by adopting the hybrid energy storage operation simulation of the independent photovoltaic direct-current micro-grid. In the process of the hybrid energy storage operation simulation of the independent photovoltaic direct-current micro-grid, a residual power curve is shown in fig. 21, a reference power curve of the storage battery and the super capacitor is shown in fig. 22, wherein a curve with smooth fluctuation amplitude is the reference power curve of the storage battery, and a curve with large fluctuation amplitude is the reference power curve of the super capacitor. FIG. 23 is a plot of voltage versus current for a battery without a power limit, and FIG. 24 is a plot of voltage versus current for a battery with a power limit; as can be seen from comparison between fig. 23 and fig. 24, after the power limit value is adopted by the storage battery, after the start of the battery, the voltage and the current change from fast to slow, and the impact on the storage battery is reduced. When the SOC of the super capacitor is lower than the lower limit value and limited within 0.15-0.25 second, the SOC of the super capacitor exceeds the upper limit value and limited within 2.5-3 seconds, and the voltage and current of the storage battery are sharply oscillated during the period as shown in figure 23 when the power limit value of the storage battery is not adopted, so that the service life of the storage battery is influenced; using power limits as shown in fig. 24, the curve is relatively smooth, indicating the effectiveness and reasonableness of the power limits on the battery.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
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