CN113374460B - Method for extracting shale oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas from self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale - Google Patents
Method for extracting shale oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas from self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/241—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection combined with solution mining of non-hydrocarbon minerals, e.g. solvent pyrolysis of oil shale
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0033—Other features
- B01D5/0036—Multiple-effect condensation; Fractional condensation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
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Abstract
Disclosure of the inventionThe method for extracting shale oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas from self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale utilizes oxygen-enriched gas and steam to cooperate with oil shale to complete dry distillation, not only promotes pyrolysis reaction and enables the oil shale to react completely, but also forms a self-cracking dry distillation process through coupled exothermic/endothermic pyrolysis reaction, after the dry distillation is started, required heat is mainly provided by heat released by low-temperature oxidation of fixed carbon generated by cracking of the oil shale, and the remaining fixed carbon is gasified into H 2 And fuel gas such as CO, and the high-temperature sensible heat generated after the dry distillation reaction is also recovered. The method for extracting shale oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas from the self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale can solve the problems of complex oil shale dry distillation oil extraction and gas production system, high management difficulty, low oil recovery rate and the like; the method has the advantages of simple operation, low mining cost, high mining efficiency and resource utilization rate, less three-waste discharge, remarkable environmental benefit and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a method for extracting shale oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas from self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale.
Background
The oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing combustible organic matters and high ash content (high inorganic matter content), and the contained organic matters can be subjected to dry distillation to obtain shale oil similar to crude oil. Oil shale, a non-conventional fossil fuel resource, is a vast worldwide reserve, which, if converted to available shale oil, amounts to 5.4 times the proven oil reserves. Therefore, oil shale is listed as one of the most important alternative energy sources in the 21 st century.
Because the organic matter (mainly kerogen with a macromolecular structure) of the oil shale has the insoluble and infusible properties, the oil shale is difficult to extract by using a common solvent. At present, thermochemical conversion technology, namely dry distillation or pyrolysis, is the only recommended method for preparing oil from oil shale. Dry distillation of oil shale generally refers to a process of heating oil shale to about 500 ℃ under air-tight conditions, thereby pyrolyzing the oil shale to produce oil and gas. The dry distillation technology of oil shale is divided into an aboveground process and an underground process in terms of modes. The aboveground technology refers to a method of transporting oil shale ore from underground mining to the ground and then sending the oil shale ore into a dry distillation furnace for dry distillation. Underground technology is also called in-situ dry distillation, namely dry distillation is directly carried out on an underground heating ore bed without mining. One of the main bottlenecks in the utilization of oil shale resources is that the inorganic matter content is very high, 10-30 tons of solid wastes are generated simultaneously when 1 ton of shale oil is extracted, a large amount of land is occupied, and the environmental pollution is serious, so that the underground technology has a better application prospect. And the underground technology can be used for developing deep oil shale resources with the earth surface being less than 300 meters, 60 percent of oil shale ore layers in China are buried below 300 meters of the earth surface, the mining cost is high, and the underground technology is considered to be more suitable for the oil shale in China.
However, the underground technology is difficult to be practically applied at present. One of the main technical bottlenecks is that the organic matter in the oil shale is in a solid cross-linked macromolecular network structure, and the organic matter needs to be cracked into oil and gas products by heating to over 500 ℃, but underground heating and temperature rise of an oil shale mineral bed are extremely difficult, and the operation difficulty is very high. At present, the in-situ heating technology is mature by an electric heating technology, and the energy consumption is huge. Meanwhile, in the underground dry distillation process, carbon generated after the oil shale is cracked is left underground without being applied, which is a waste of resources because the carbon has a high calorific value. In addition, if the hot carrier gas is used for directly heating the oil shale to more than 500 ℃, a large amount of hot carrier gas needs to be heated to more than 650 ℃, the high-temperature hot carrier gas can cause secondary cracking and coking of oil gas to reduce the oil recovery rate, meanwhile, the hot carrier gas is used in a large amount to cause that the gas flow at the dry distillation outlet is large, an oil recovery system is huge, the oil content proportion in the dry distillation outlet gas is reduced because a small amount of oil gas is mixed in a large amount of hot carrier gas, not only is the oil recovery rate difficult to condense, but also the low-content oil in the large amount of hot carrier gas cannot be recovered, the oil recovery rate is reduced, and after the oil is condensed and recovered, a large amount of N is mixed in the non-condensable gas 2 The non-combustible gas makes the heat value of the gas product very low, sometimes can not be ignited, a gas producer has to be built to supplement heat sources for dry distillation, not only the initial investment is increased, but also the operation cost is increased, and because the oil gas and the hot carrier gas are mixed together, the hot carrier gas must be condensed simultaneously when the oil is condensed and collected, which is equivalent to the operation of continuously repeating the heating and the condensation of a large amount of hot carrier gas.
Therefore, it is urgently required to develop an underground distillation process to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide the method for extracting shale oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas from the self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale, which is simple and convenient to operate, free of high-temperature heat carrier, high in oil recovery rate and small in investment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
a method for extracting shale oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas from self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a plurality of injection wells and production wells to a target oil shale layer, and collecting water in the oil shale layer;
s2 separating rich O in air by using air separator 2 Gas and N 2 And collecting;
s3, separating the air from the obtained N 2 Preheating to 500 ℃ of 250-one, injecting the oil shale into the oil shale layer through the injection well for preheating, and stopping introducing N after the oil shale near the injection well is preheated to 400 ℃ of 200-one 2 ；
S4O-rich gas obtained by separating air from air separator 2 Gas and water vapor as O 2 /H 2 Mixing the mixture with the molar ratio of O of 0.03-2.5, introducing the mixture into an oil shale layer through an injection well to perform dry distillation on the oil shale, and mixing water vapor and O 2 Reacting with oil shale to raise the temperature of the oil shale, pyrolyzing the oil shale to generate oil gas and fixed carbon, recovering the oil gas from the production well, and simultaneously mixing part of the fixed carbon and O 2 The heat required by the dry distillation is released by the reaction, and the remaining fixed carbon is left in the oil shale;
s5, stopping introducing rich O after the oil shale pyrolysis crude oil stage is finished 2 Gas, continuously introducing water vapor into the oil shale layer through the production well, and carrying out gasification reaction on the water vapor and the fixed carbon remained in the oil shale to generate H-rich gas 2 CO and CH 4 And recovering the fuel gas from the production well;
s6, after the gasification reaction is finished, continuously introducing steam into the oil shale layer through the production well, wherein the steam takes away heat on the oil shale to reduce the temperature of the oil shale, thereby achieving the purpose of recovering sensible heat on hot rocks;
s7, repeating the steps S4-S6 to enable the oil shale to continuously react from the injection well to the production well until all the oil shale is recovered;
s8, separating and treating the produced oil gas on the ground, firstly exchanging heat with water, firstly condensing shale oil and recovering oil; the remaining gas product continuously exchanges heat with water to condense the water vapor in the gas product into liquid water; removing CO from the remaining gaseous product 2 Removal of CO 2 Then obtaining H 2 CO and CH 4 Of the fuel gas (C).
As a further preferable embodiment of the present invention, in the step S2, O-rich air is separated from the air by an air separator 2 Gas and N 2 The specific process comprises the following steps: firstly separating N from air by using air separator 2 Then separating the rich O from the air by using an air separator 2 A gas.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S8, when shale oil is condensed out by surface separation and treatment of the produced oil gas and water heat exchange, water is evaporated into water vapor, and the water is mainly collected water in the oil shale layer, and the water vapor is used in steps S4-S6.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S8, the remaining gas product continues to exchange heat with water to condense water vapor in the gas product into liquid water, which is then circulated for separating and treating produced oil gas on the ground and condensing shale oil through heat exchange with water.
The principle of the method for extracting shale oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas from self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale is as follows: ignition is not needed when dry distillation is started, heat is supplied by the dry distillation starter, high-temperature heat carriers or electric energy and other forms of energy input are not needed, and the needed heat is mainly provided by heat released by low-temperature oxidation of fixed carbon generated by cracking of oil shale; one of the main functions of the carrier gas is to carry O 2 Instead of heat carrying, so that oxygen-enriched carrier gas can be used, which can greatly reduce gas supply quantity and N mixed in the dry distillation oil gas 2 And CO 2 Non-condensable gases, thereby overcoming dry distillationThe treatment capacity of the gas at the mouth is large, the oil-containing proportion in the gas at the dry distillation outlet and the calorific value of the gas product after oil recovery are low, the oil condensation recovery system is simplified, and the difficulty of oil recovery is reduced; in the oil shale pyrolysis crude oil stage, O is utilized 2 The water vapor and the oil shale cooperatively react with each other, so that the reaction is promoted, the oil recovery rate is increased, and the pyrolysis temperature is reduced; after the crude oil stage, the remaining fixed carbon is gasified to a rich H with steam 2 And gas such as CO; after the gasification reaction is finished, sensible heat on the high-temperature rock is further taken away and recovered by utilizing the steam, the temperature of the ore bed is reduced, the phenomenon that the subsequent oxygen-enriched steam used for dry distillation of the ore bed of the downstream oil shale generates overhigh temperature through heat exchange of the oxygen-enriched steam is avoided, the temperature of the dry distillation section of the downstream ore bed is controlled to be lower than 500-550 ℃ (the oil shale generates low-temperature dry distillation), and secondary reaction and coking of oil gas in the pyrolysis stage are prevented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for extracting the shale oil and the high-calorific-value fuel gas from the self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale, heat is generated in situ; the water vapor required by the dry distillation can be prepared by water through heat exchange by utilizing sensible heat contained in the produced oil gas, no extra heat is consumed, and the utilization efficiency of the heat energy is greatly improved; water is collected from water in a shale oil deposit, and water in oil gas is condensed and recycled, so that water consumed by the dry distillation reaction can be supplemented, and water/steam can be recycled; the content of non-combustible gas in oil gas is reduced, so that the gas quantity at the outlet of dry distillation is reduced, carbon dioxide is easy to capture or recycle, and the problem that the oil recovery rate is reduced because low-content oil in a large amount of heat carriers cannot be recovered in other processes is solved.
2. In the oil shale cracking and crude oil stage, the synergistic reaction of oxygen and water vapor and the oil shale promotes the pyrolysis crude oil of the oil shale, increases the oil yield, reduces the lowest initial cracking temperature, and controls the highest temperature of the crude oil stage to be below 550 ℃ (the temperature is the ideal final carbonization temperature of the oil shale, the carbonization cannot be completed due to too low temperature, the secondary cracking and coking of the oil can be caused due to too high temperature, and the recovery rate of the oil can be reduced as well), and the oil recovery rate is more than 90%; crude oilAfter the stage, the steam reacts with the carbon residue on the hot rock to produce more H 2 Gas such as CO; due to the use of oxygen-enriched gas, i.e. N first 2 Gas is removed from the air so that N 2 Gas inherently combines with water vapor and H 2 、CO、CO 2 And CH 4 The separation of non-condensable gas not only improves the heat value of the fuel gas, but also reduces the high energy consumption generated by separating the gas in the traditional process.
3. The method for extracting shale oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas from the self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale can solve the problems of complex oil shale dry distillation oil extraction and gas production system, high management difficulty, low oil recovery rate and the like; the method has the advantages of simple operation, low mining cost, high mining efficiency and resource utilization rate, less three-waste discharge, remarkable environmental benefit and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pyrolysis and gasification reactions of the oil shale deposit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a method for extracting shale oil and high calorific value fuel gas from self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale, comprising the following steps:
s1, drilling a plurality of injection wells and production wells to a target oil shale layer, and collecting water in the oil shale layer; the injection well is used for introducing oxygen-enriched gas, water vapor, nitrogen and the like required by the process into the oil shale layer, and the production well is used for collecting oil gas generated by pyrolysis of the oil shale and gasified gas of fixed carbon; water collected in the drilling process can be used as condensate water for condensing oil gas and receiving oil, and water vapor gasified after heat exchange between the water and the oil gas can be used for underground dry distillation;
s2 separating rich O in air by using air separator 2 Gas and N 2 And collecting; in this embodiment, the reason is thatThe nitrogen has little influence on the chemical reaction of the dry distillation, so the nitrogen is rich in O 2 The gas does not need high purity, the requirement of an air separation machine is not high, but the reduction of the concentration of the nitrogen is beneficial to the subsequent treatment of oil gas products and the quality of combustible gas products, so the concentration of the nitrogen can be selected according to the product treatment and oxygen production cost, namely, N is firstly selected 2 The gas is removed from the air, because the oil gas generated by dry distillation is mixed with a large amount of carrier gas, the oil gas and the carrier gas must be condensed simultaneously when condensing and collecting the oil, so that the oil is difficult to condense and collect, a certain amount of oil gas cannot be condensed, the oil yield is reduced, and N is 2 The removal of gas means that the quantity of gas treated at the outlet of the production well is greatly reduced, the oil recovery is simplified, and the oil recovery efficiency is improved; at the same time, N can also be 2 Gas inherently combines with water vapor and H 2 、CO、CO 2 And CH 4 The separation of non-condensable gases not only improves the heat value of the fuel gas, but also reduces the high energy consumption generated by the separation of the non-condensable gases from the fuel gas in the traditional process;
s3, separating the air from the obtained N 2 Introducing the oil shale into a preheating tank to preheat to 500 ℃ of 250-class sand and injecting the oil shale into an oil shale layer through an injection well to preheat, and stopping introducing N after the oil shale near the injection well is preheated to 400 ℃ of 200-class sand 2 After N, is 2 No longer in use;
S4O-rich gas obtained by separating air from air separator 2 Gas and water vapor according to O 2 /H 2 The O molar ratio is 0.1-0.3, and the mixture is introduced into an oil shale layer through an injection well to dry distill the oil shale, and water vapor is mainly prepared by exchanging heat with oil gas produced by a production well, so that no extra heat is consumed; water vapor and O 2 Reacting with oil shale to raise the temperature of the oil shale, pyrolyzing the oil shale to generate oil gas and fixed carbon, recovering the oil gas from the production well, and simultaneously mixing part of the fixed carbon and O 2 The heat required by the dry distillation is released by the reaction, and the remaining fixed carbon is left in the oil shale;
s5, stopping introducing rich O after the oil shale pyrolysis crude oil stage is finished 2 Gas, water vapor is continuously introduced into the oil shale layer through the production well, and the water vapor and fixed carbon remained in the oil shale generate gasification reaction to generate H-rich gas 2 CO and CH 4 Fuel gas ofAnd recovering from the production well;
s6, after the gasification reaction is finished, water vapor is continuously introduced into the oil shale layer through the production well, and the water vapor takes away heat on the oil shale to reduce the temperature of the oil shale, so that the aim of recovering sensible heat on hot rock is fulfilled, and secondary reaction and coking of oil gas in the pyrolysis stage can be prevented;
s7, repeating the steps S4-S6 to enable the oil shale to continuously react from the injection well to the production well until all the oil shale is recovered;
s8, separating and treating the produced oil gas on the ground, firstly exchanging heat between the oil gas and water, firstly condensing shale oil and recovering oil, evaporating water into water vapor during heat exchange, wherein the water used is mainly water in the collected oil shale layer, and the water vapor can be recycled for steps S4-S6; the remaining gas product continuously exchanges heat with water to condense the water vapor in the gas product into liquid water, and the liquid water is circularly used for exchanging heat with oil gas; reuse of CO 2 CO removal from the remaining gas product by capture and sequestration techniques 2 Removal of CO 2 Then obtaining H 2 CO and CH 4 Fuel gas, captured CO 2 Can be sealed or reused.
The main innovation of the invention is that: the oxygen-enriched gas and the water vapor are cooperated to react with the oil shale to complete the dry distillation, so that the pyrolysis reaction is promoted, the oil shale reaction is thorough, a self-cracking dry distillation process is formed through the coupled heat release/absorption pyrolysis reaction, after the dry distillation is started, a high-temperature heat carrier is not needed or energy in other forms is not needed to be input for heating an oil shale ore layer to generate energy consumption, the needed heat is mainly provided by heat released by low-temperature oxidation of fixed carbon generated by the oil shale cracking, and the remaining fixed carbon is gasified into H 2 And fuel gas such as CO and the like, and high-temperature sensible heat generated after the dry distillation reaction is also recovered, so that the high-efficiency utilization of resources and energy is realized. Meanwhile, the use of the oxygen-enriched gas also greatly reduces the gas supply amount and the N mixed in the dry distillation gas product 2 And the non-condensable gas is used, so that the problems of large treatment capacity of the gas at the dry distillation outlet, low oil-containing proportion in the gas at the dry distillation outlet, low calorific value of the gas product after oil recovery and the like are solved, an oil condensation recovery system is simplified, and the difficulty of oil recovery is reduced.
According to the embodiment, the self-heating dry distillation method is realized by coupling exothermic/endothermic cracking reaction, the lowest initial temperature and the highest reaction temperature in the oil production stage of oil shale pyrolysis are reduced, the oil yield and the gas yield of combustible gas are improved, the heat energy utilization efficiency of oil shale in-situ exploitation is greatly improved by recovering and recycling sensible heat on water/steam and a high-temperature ore bed, the emission of pollutants is reduced, the problems of low production efficiency, serious waste and the like are solved, the initial investment and operation cost are reduced, and the economic and efficient in-situ exploitation of oil shale extracted oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas is realized.
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the above specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for extracting shale oil and high-calorific-value fuel gas from self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drilling a plurality of injection wells and production wells to a target oil shale layer, and collecting water in the oil shale layer;
s2, separating rich O in air by using an air separator 2 Gas and N 2 And collecting;
s3, separating the air to obtain N 2 Preheating to 500 ℃ of 250-one, injecting the oil shale into the oil shale layer through the injection well for preheating, and stopping introducing N after the oil shale near the injection well is preheated to 400 ℃ of 200-one 2 ；
S4O-rich gas obtained by separating air from air separator 2 Gas and water vapor as O 2 /H 2 Mixing the mixture with the molar ratio of O of 0.03-2.5, introducing the mixture into an oil shale layer through an injection well to perform dry distillation on the oil shale, and mixing water vapor and O 2 Reacting with oil shale to raise the temperature of the oil shale, pyrolyzing the oil shale to generate oil gas and fixed carbon, recovering the oil gas from the production well, and simultaneously mixing part of the fixed carbon and O 2 The heat required by the dry distillation is released by the reaction, and the remaining fixed carbon is left in the oil shale;
s5, treatStopping introducing rich O after the oil shale pyrolysis crude oil stage is finished 2 Gas, continuously introducing water vapor into the oil shale layer through the production well, and carrying out gasification reaction on the water vapor and the fixed carbon remained in the oil shale to generate H-rich gas 2 CO and CH 4 And recovering the fuel gas from the production well;
s6, after the gasification reaction is finished, continuously introducing steam into the oil shale layer through the production well, and taking away heat on the oil shale by the steam to reduce the temperature of the oil shale so as to achieve the purpose of recovering sensible heat on the hot rock;
s7, repeating the steps S4-S6 to enable the oil shale to continuously react from the injection well to the production well until all the oil shale is recovered;
s8, separating and treating the produced oil gas on the ground, firstly exchanging heat between the produced oil gas and water, firstly condensing shale oil and collecting oil; the remaining gas product continuously exchanges heat with water to condense the water vapor in the gas product into liquid water; removing CO from the remaining gaseous product 2 Removal of CO 2 Then obtaining H 2 CO and CH 4 Of the fuel gas (c).
2. The method for extracting shale oil and fuel gas with high calorific value from self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, an air separator is used to separate out O-rich gas in air 2 Gas and N 2 The specific process comprises the following steps: firstly separating N from air by using an air separator 2 Then separating the rich O from the air by using an air separator 2 A gas.
3. The method for extracting shale oil and high calorific value fuel gas from shale oven oil shale as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S8, when shale oil is condensed out by surface separation and processing of produced oil gas and heat exchange with water, water is evaporated into water vapor, the water used is mainly water in collected oil shale layer, and the water vapor is used in steps S4-S6.
4. The method for extracting shale oil and fuel gas with high calorific value from self-heating underground dry distillation oil shale as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S8, the remaining gas product is continuously heat exchanged with water to condense water vapor in the gas product into liquid water for circulation, and the liquid water is used for separating and processing the produced oil gas at the surface, and the shale oil is condensed out by heat exchange with water.
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