CN113335179A - Automatic control device and method for night high beam - Google Patents
Automatic control device and method for night high beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN113335179A CN113335179A CN202110758005.0A CN202110758005A CN113335179A CN 113335179 A CN113335179 A CN 113335179A CN 202110758005 A CN202110758005 A CN 202110758005A CN 113335179 A CN113335179 A CN 113335179A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
- B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
- B60Q1/04—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
- B60Q1/14—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights having dimming means
- B60Q1/1415—Dimming circuits
- B60Q1/1423—Automatic dimming circuits, i.e. switching between high beam and low beam due to change of ambient light or light level in road traffic
- B60Q1/143—Automatic dimming circuits, i.e. switching between high beam and low beam due to change of ambient light or light level in road traffic combined with another condition, e.g. using vehicle recognition from camera images or activation of wipers
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Abstract
The invention provides a night high beam automatic control device and a method, comprising a photosensitive resistance sensor, a radar detector, a speed sensor and a singlechip; if the photoresistance sensor detects poor environment illumination outside the vehicle and the radar detector detects no object in the set distance, the singlechip controls the high beam to be turned on; if the photoresistance sensor detects poor environment illumination outside the vehicle and the radar detector detects that an object exists in a set distance, the singlechip controls the high-beam and low-beam lamps to alternate; the single chip microcomputer controls the alternating frequency of the high beam and the low beam according to the real-time speed. The invention realizes the alternate flashing control of the high beam and the low beam, the automatic control device of the high beam and the low beam at night of the automobile relieves the burden of the automobile driver, improves the 'sensory adaptation' generated by the driver because of opening the high beam for a long time, ensures the specification and the reasonability of the automobile lamp, and effectively improves the safety of automobile driving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile safety, in particular to a device and a method for automatically controlling a night high beam.
Background
With the development of society and the improvement of the living standard of people, automobiles become daily tools of our lives. Safety, one of the three major problems in automobile development in the world today, is a constant theme for people to drive, especially for night driving safety during driving. In reality, when a car is driven at night, the high beam is not switched to the low beam in time, so that the phenomenon that the driver of the opposite side dazzles and the driving danger is brought, and the phenomenon that the lamp is not normally used is common.
The Twen Zuman and the like adopt an ATmega16 singlechip, a phototriode, a gradient detection sensor and the like to design a set of automatic switching system of high and low beam lamps of an automobile, and the automatic switching system has the main function of automatically switching the front lamps during meeting and climbing. The fan and the haihong lamp design a switching system by utilizing a signal acquisition unit, an information processing unit and a driving circuit, and realize automatic headlight switching during meeting. Li has designed switching system by adopting elements such as signal transmitter, ASP chip, photosensitive sensor, realizes automatic switch when meeting.
It can be seen that the research on the high beam and the low beam at home and abroad aims at automatically switching the high beam into the low beam when the vehicles meet so as to reduce traffic accidents caused by the fact that the vehicles meet opposite vehicles in a high beam state. However, the above studies have been made only to change the high beam to the low beam at the time of a meeting, and have not changed the state of the light when there is no meeting, or when there is a pedestrian in front. Legislation states that a high beam can only be switched on when a vehicle is travelling on a route with poor lighting and no green light. In fact, in the driving process, if the high beam is turned on all the time, the driver can generate the "feeling adaptation", namely, the driver adapts to the illumination of the high beam, the driving vehicle runs from the road section with poor illumination to the road section with good road illumination, and the driver still can not change the light of the driver because the driver's "feeling adaptation", namely, the driver forgets that the illumination lamp turned on by the driver is the high beam. There is a need for a device that eliminates the sensory adaptation of the driver and automatically turns off the high beam when the lighting conditions are good.
Therefore, it is an urgent need to solve the problems of the art to provide a night high beam and low beam automatic control device and method capable of intelligently starting a high beam and low beam to avoid the "feeling of adaptation" of a driver.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a night high beam automatic control device and method, which apply a photosensitive sensing technology, a radar sensing technology, a speed sensing technology and a single chip microcomputer control technology, when the external illumination is poor and no object exists in the front, the device is intelligently started to realize the alternate flashing control of the high beam and the low beam, the automobile night high beam automatic control device reduces the burden of an automobile driver, improves the 'sensory adaptation' generated by the driver by turning on the high beam for a long time, ensures the specification and the reasonability of the automobile lamp, and effectively improves the safety of automobile driving.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an automatic control device for a night high beam comprises a photosensitive resistance sensor, a radar detector, a speed sensor and a singlechip; wherein,
the photosensitive resistance sensor is used for detecting whether the outside of the vehicle is in a night or poor illumination environment and sending a detection result to the single chip microcomputer;
the radar detector is used for detecting whether an object exists in a preset distance in front of the vehicle and sending a detection result to the single chip microcomputer;
the speed sensor is used for detecting the real-time speed of the vehicle and sending the real-time speed to the single chip microcomputer;
the single chip microcomputer is used for executing the following control actions:
if the photoresistance sensor detects that the environment outside the vehicle is badly illuminated, and the radar detector detects that no object exists within a set distance, the singlechip controls the high beam to be turned on;
if the photoresistance sensor detects poor illumination of the environment outside the vehicle and the radar detector detects that an object exists in a set distance, the singlechip controls the high-beam lamp and the low-beam lamp to alternate;
and the singlechip controls the alternating frequency of the high beam and the low beam according to the real-time speed.
Preferably, the single chip microcomputer is further configured to execute the following control actions: if the photosensitive resistance sensor detects that the environment outside the vehicle is a night environment and the environment outside the vehicle is well illuminated, the singlechip controls the dipped headlight to be turned on.
An automatic control method for a night high beam comprises the following steps:
detecting the vehicle speed, whether the outside of the vehicle is in a night or poor illumination environment or not and whether an object exists in a set distance in front of the vehicle or not in real time;
if the environment outside the vehicle is not well illuminated and no object exists in the set distance in front of the vehicle, controlling the high beam to be turned on;
if the environment outside the vehicle is not well illuminated and an object exists in the set distance in front of the vehicle, the alternation of the high beam and the low beam is controlled by combining the real-time vehicle speed.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: if the environment outside the vehicle is detected to be the night environment and the environment outside the vehicle is well illuminated, the dipped headlight is controlled to be turned on.
Preferably, the method for controlling the alternation of the high beam and the low beam by combining the real-time vehicle speed specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the minimum reaction distance of a driver and the minimum braking distance of the vehicle according to the real-time vehicle speed;
calculating the parking sight distance according to the reaction distance, the braking distance and the given safety distance;
calculating a quotient value of the real-time vehicle speed and the parking sight distance to obtain the alternating frequency of the high beam and the low beam;
and controlling the high beam and the dipped headlight to be alternately turned on and off according to the high beam and low beam alternating frequency.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can change the current situation of manual switching of the high beam and the low beam and realize automatic switching of the high beam and the low beam.
(2) Utilize the photo resistance technique, detect external illumination condition, when external illumination is bad and the place ahead does not have the object, the device intelligence starts, has realized the intellectuality of lamp for the car, satisfies the demand of different lamp road conditions.
(3) The alternate control of the high beam and the low beam is realized by programming the singlechip by utilizing the singlechip control technology.
(4) The high beam and the low beam are alternated, so that the 'feeling adaptation' of a driver is effectively avoided, the driving state of the driver is improved, the interchange frequency of the high beam and the low beam is determined by the speed of the automobile, and the driving safety is improved.
(5) When meeting under the bad environment of night illumination, the car must drive the distance light and check the road conditions in the place ahead, nevertheless simultaneously, need avoid the influence of far-reaching headlamp in the oncoming traffic, and the far-reaching headlamp exchanges not only to let this car can see the road conditions in the place ahead clearly, can reduce the influence of far-reaching headlamp to the oncoming traffic moreover.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts;
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic night high beam control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an automatic control method for a night high beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The high beam lamp is characterized by high illumination brightness, strong light penetrability and bright and far-looking illumination. The light beam of the automobile high beam is higher and basically level with the sight of the front automobile or the opposite coming automobile. The pupil of a person is narrowed in a strong light environment, thereby reducing the amount of light entering. On the contrary, when the environment is from a strong light to a relatively dark environment, the pupil of the human body is enlarged to increase the amount of light entering, so that the surrounding situation can be clearly seen. The dilation of the pupil requires a process that creates a "momentary blind spot" of snow-white in front of the eye.
The blind driver or the cyclist can have instant blind zones by blindly lighting the high beam, the blind time can be different according to the self vision of the driver and the different duration time of the surrounding environment, but the blind time can last for about 2 seconds at the fastest. In the two seconds, the driver drives like a closed-eye vehicle, the observation capability of surrounding pedestrians and vehicles coming from the front and the rear is greatly reduced, and traffic accidents are easily caused in the process. The data show that traffic accidents caused by misuse of high beam lamps account for 30% of the total number of nighttime accidents. The main reasons for abusing the high beam are many, the driving technique of a novice is not mature, drivers who do not know to turn on the high beam are reluctant to frequently switch between the high beam and the low beam because of trouble, and some drivers turn on the high beam passively in order to avoid the influence of the high beam in the opposite direction. Therefore, it is necessary to design an automatic high beam and low beam switching device for night driving of an automobile.
The first aspect of the embodiment discloses an automatic control device for a night high beam lamp, which comprises a photosensitive resistance sensor, a radar detector, a speed sensor and a single chip microcomputer; the photosensitive resistance sensor is used for detecting whether the outside of the vehicle is in a night or poor illumination environment and sending a detection result to the single chip microcomputer; the radar detector is used for detecting whether an object exists in a preset distance in front of the vehicle and sending a detection result to the single chip microcomputer; the speed sensor is used for detecting the real-time speed of the vehicle and sending the real-time speed to the single chip microcomputer;
the singlechip is used for executing the following control actions:
if the photoresistance sensor detects poor environment illumination outside the vehicle and the radar detector detects no object in the set distance, the singlechip controls the high beam to be turned on; if the photoresistance sensor detects poor environment illumination outside the vehicle and the radar detector detects that an object exists in a set distance, the singlechip controls the high-beam and low-beam lamps to alternate; the single chip microcomputer controls the alternating frequency of the high beam and the low beam according to the real-time speed.
In this embodiment, a radar sensing technology, a photosensitive sensing technology, a speed sensing technology and a single chip microcomputer control technology in the sensing technology are used:
radar sensing technology: at present, the radar sensor widely applied to automobiles adopts millimeter wave radar above 300 GHz. The working principle is as follows: the millimeter wave transmitter transmits millimeter waves to a certain direction, timing is started at the same time of transmitting time, the millimeter waves are transmitted in the air and return immediately when encountering an obstacle in the process, and the millimeter wave receiver stops timing immediately when receiving reflected waves. The propagation speed of the millimeter wave in the air is 340m/s, and the distance s between the transmitting point and the obstacle can be calculated according to the time recorded by the timer, namely, s is 340 t/2.
The radar sensor should be installed in the middle of the bumper of the vehicle for determining whether there is a vehicle in front and the distance between the vehicle in front and the host vehicle. The radar sensor should be connected to the single chip of the control part, and when the radar sensor detects that a target exists within a range (for example, within 150 m) of the opposite direction set distance, a signal should be transmitted to the single chip to perform the next operation.
Photosensitive sensing technology: the photoresistor is called as a photoresistor, and the working principle is based on the internal photoelectric effect. The photoresistor is a resistor which is made by utilizing the photoelectric effect of a semiconductor and has a resistance value which is changed along with the intensity of incident light; the incident light intensity, resistance decrease, the incident light is weak, resistance increases. In brief, the photosensitive sensor sends an analog signal of light intensity to the host machine by using the principle that the resistance value of the photosensitive resistor changes due to the influence of the light intensity.
The photoresistor should be installed directly over the vehicle, the roof, conveniently detect external light intensity, and the intensity of light is the trigger condition of device, only at night or under the circumstances that the light intensity is not enough, just can intelligently start the device.
Speed sensing technology: the speed sensor is a sensor which can sense the measured speed and convert the measured speed into a usable input signal. The Hall sensor has many advantages, such as simple structure, good robustness, high reliability, long service life, low power consumption, wide temperature range, strong anti-interference capability, dust, oil stain corrosion resistance and the like.
The singlechip control technology comprises the following steps: the single chip computer is an integrated circuit chip, and is a small and perfect microcomputer system formed by integrating the functions of a central processing unit CPU with data processing capacity, a random access memory RAM, a read only memory ROM, various I/O ports, an interrupt system, a timer/counter and the like (possibly comprising a display driving circuit, a pulse width modulation circuit, an analog multiplexer, an A/D converter and other circuits) on a silicon chip by adopting a super-large scale integrated circuit technology.
In the signal control part, the singlechip is connected with a switch of the high beam and the low beam, the trigger condition of the singlechip is that the high beam is switched on, the singlechip is programmed, after the high beam is switched on, the singlechip starts to work to realize the automatic switching of the high beam and the low beam, and the automatic switching frequency of the high beam and the low beam is accelerated when an object exists in the front of the automobile for 150 meters.
In a specific embodiment, firstly, the photoresistance sensor detects whether the outside of the vehicle is at night or in an environment with poor illumination, if the outside environment is at night and the outside illumination is good, the device is started intelligently, the single chip microcomputer controls the light of the device to be dipped headlights, if the photoresistance sensor detects that the vehicle runs on a road with poor outside illumination and the radar detector detects that the vehicle does not have objects such as the vehicle at the front of 150m, the device controls the light to be high beams, if the photoresistance sensor detects that the vehicle runs on the road with poor outside illumination and the radar detector detects that the vehicle objects such as the vehicle at the front of 150m, the device controls the light to be high beams and low beams to alternate, and the interval time between the high beams and the low beams is determined by the speed of the vehicle.
On the other hand, the invention discloses a night high beam automatic control method, which comprises the following steps:
detecting the vehicle speed, whether the outside of the vehicle is in a night or poor illumination environment or not and whether an object exists in a set distance in front of the vehicle or not in real time;
if the environment outside the vehicle is not well illuminated and no object exists in the set distance in front of the vehicle, controlling the high beam to be turned on;
if the environment outside the vehicle is not well illuminated and an object exists in the set distance in front of the vehicle, the alternation of the high beam and the low beam is controlled by combining the real-time vehicle speed.
In this embodiment, the lighting condition may be determined according to the illumination intensity (illuminance), and specifically, whether the lighting is good or not is determined according to a comparison between the illumination intensity (illuminance) value and the standard value. The lighting is controlled by programming and determining the lighting illumination value in the single chip microcomputer.
In one embodiment, the dipped headlight is controlled to be turned on if the environment outside the vehicle is detected to be a night environment and the environment outside the vehicle is well illuminated.
In a specific embodiment, the control of the alternation of the high beam and the low beam by combining the real-time vehicle speed specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the minimum reaction distance of a driver and the minimum braking distance of the vehicle according to the real-time vehicle speed;
calculating the parking sight distance according to the reaction distance, the braking distance and the given safety distance;
calculating a quotient value of the real-time vehicle speed and the parking sight distance to obtain the alternating frequency of the high beam and the low beam;
and controlling the high beam and the dipped headlight to be alternately turned on and off according to the high beam and low beam alternating frequency.
The following description of an alternative embodiment of the low beam lamp according to the invention is given in connection with the actual situation:
the principle of exchanging frequencies at far and near sides: safe parking apparent distance is ST＝S1+S2+S0Wherein S is1Is the reaction distance; s2Is the braking distance; s0For a safe distance, it is usually 5 to 10 m. The calculation formula of the parking sight distance is as follows:
ST＝S1+S2+S0＝U1*t/3.6+U1 2/254*φ2+S0
wherein, U1Is the vehicle speed; t is the driver reaction time (typically taken to be 2.5 s); phi is a2The coefficient of friction in the longitudinal direction between the road surface and the tyre, normally dry concrete road surface, is 0.6.
The safe parking visual range of the automobile at different driving speeds can be calculated by the formula. When the automobile runs on a road and a barrier exists at the front side, the automobile has different parking visual distances under the condition of different speeds. When the speed of the automobile is 30km/h, the safe parking sight distance is 37 m; when the running speed of the automobile is 40km/h, the safe parking visual distance is 48m, and when the running speed of the automobile is 60km/h, the safe parking visual distance is 76 m.
The data are collected to find that the irradiation distance of the high beam is about 80-120 m, the irradiation distance of the low beam is 10-30m, the irradiation distance of the high beam is 100m, and the irradiation distance of the low beam is 20 m. The irradiation distance of the high beam is 100m, under the condition that the driver can see the road condition of 100m in front, the driver can change the high beam into the low beam until the sight distance of the driver is smaller than the parking sight distance, and then change the low beam into the high beam, and the light of the opposite vehicle is opposite to the light of the vehicle, so that one-time safe meeting can be realized.
Taking 30km/h as an example, when the automobile runs forwards, a running distance of 37m is required from the time when the automobile finds an obstacle to the time when the automobile completely stops, the road condition of 100m ahead can be seen clearly when the high beam is turned on once, and the high beam is turned on once to continue observing the road condition of 100m ahead when the automobile runs to 63m ahead so as to continue to see the road condition of 100m ahead when the low beam is turned on once and the road surface is seen clearly, namely, the high beam is required to be turned on once to ensure the sight distance after the automobile runs to 63m ahead. The running distance of the automobile is 63m, the running speed is 30km/h, namely 8.34m/s, the obtained running time is 63/8.34-7.56 s, the frequency f is 1/t-0.13, the same can be obtained, when the running speed is 40km/h, the running time of the dipped headlight is 4.68s, and the frequency of exchanging the high beam and the low beam is 0.21; when the running speed is 60km/h, the time for running the low beam lamp is 1.44s, and the high beam lamp exchange frequency is 0.69. As shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 interchange frequency of far and near light at each speed
| Speed of travel (Km/h) | Interval time(s) between high beam and dipped headlight | Interchange frequency (s-1) |
| v | t | f |
| 30 | 7.56 | 0.13 |
| 40 | 4.68 | 0.21 |
| 60 | 1.44 | 0.69 |
The above embodiments fully embody the invention with the following features:
(1) the automatic control device for the high beam and the low beam at night ensures the driving safety and avoids the probability of accidents caused by manual switching of the high beam and the low beam by a driver.
(2) The automatic control device for the night high beam avoids unnecessary opening of the high beam, and saves the electric energy of the automobile.
(3) The night high beam automatic control device avoids the condition that drivers of the opposite sides dazzle and bring driving danger when the drivers illegally open the high beam.
(4) The night high beam automatic control device can detect whether an object exists in the front set distance of the automobile, and when the object exists, the high beam and the dipped headlight are mutually switched to ensure the sight distance.
With the development of society and the improvement of the living standard of people, automobiles become daily tools of our lives. Safety, one of the three major problems in automobile development in the world today, is a constant theme for people to drive, especially for night driving safety during driving. The automatic control device for the high beam at night is intelligently started, so that the danger of driving danger caused by dazzling drivers of the other side due to the fact that the dipped headlights cannot be switched in time when automobiles meet at night is avoided; unnecessary opening of the high beam is avoided, and electric energy of the automobile is saved; the 'feeling adaptation' caused by long-term use of the high beam by the driver is avoided, and the driving safety is ensured; the probability of accidents caused by manual switching of the high beam and the low beam by a driver is avoided.
The night high beam automatic control device and method provided by the invention are described in detail, a specific example is applied in the text to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. An automatic control device for a night high beam is characterized by comprising a photosensitive resistance sensor, a radar detector, a speed sensor and a singlechip; wherein,
the photosensitive resistance sensor is used for detecting whether the outside of the vehicle is in a night or poor illumination environment and sending a detection result to the single chip microcomputer;
the radar detector is used for detecting whether an object exists in a preset distance in front of the vehicle and sending a detection result to the single chip microcomputer;
the speed sensor is used for detecting the real-time speed of the vehicle and sending the real-time speed to the single chip microcomputer;
the single chip microcomputer is used for executing the following control actions:
if the photoresistance sensor detects that the environment outside the vehicle is badly illuminated, and the radar detector detects that no object exists within a set distance, the singlechip controls the high beam to be turned on;
if the photoresistance sensor detects poor illumination of the environment outside the vehicle and the radar detector detects that an object exists in a set distance, the singlechip controls the high-beam lamp and the low-beam lamp to alternate;
and the singlechip controls the alternating frequency of the high beam and the low beam according to the real-time speed.
2. The automatic night high beam control device according to claim 1, wherein the single chip microcomputer is further configured to perform the following control actions: if the photosensitive resistance sensor detects that the environment outside the vehicle is a night environment and the environment outside the vehicle is well illuminated, the singlechip controls the dipped headlight to be turned on.
3. A night high beam automatic control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
detecting the vehicle speed, whether the outside of the vehicle is in a night or poor illumination environment or not and whether an object exists in a set distance in front of the vehicle or not in real time;
if the environment outside the vehicle is not well illuminated and no object exists in the set distance in front of the vehicle, controlling the high beam to be turned on;
if the environment outside the vehicle is not well illuminated and an object exists in the set distance in front of the vehicle, the alternation of the high beam and the low beam is controlled by combining the real-time vehicle speed.
4. The automatic night headlamp control method according to claim 3, further comprising the steps of: if the environment outside the vehicle is detected to be the night environment and the environment outside the vehicle is well illuminated, the dipped headlight is controlled to be turned on.
5. The automatic night high beam control method according to claim 3, wherein controlling the high beam and the low beam alternately in combination with the real-time vehicle speed specifically comprises the steps of:
calculating the minimum reaction distance of a driver and the minimum braking distance of the vehicle according to the real-time vehicle speed;
calculating the parking sight distance according to the reaction distance, the braking distance and the given safety distance;
calculating a quotient value of the real-time vehicle speed and the parking sight distance to obtain the alternating frequency of the high beam and the low beam;
and controlling the high beam and the dipped headlight to be alternately turned on and off according to the high beam and low beam alternating frequency.
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