CN113188434A - Automatic monitoring system for surface deformation of water gate on soft foundation - Google Patents
Automatic monitoring system for surface deformation of water gate on soft foundation Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic monitoring system for the surface deformation of a sluice on a soft foundation, which comprises: a plurality of monitoring points, at least one reference point, a monitoring center, a communication facility and a power supply facility. When the automatic monitoring system is observed, firstly, the coordinates of the reference point, the coordinates of the measuring points and the distance between the reference point and the measuring points are transmitted to a monitoring center monitoring computer through a communication facility, the actual distance between the measuring points and a satellite is calculated through monitoring system software, and is compared with the measuring distance between the reference point and the monitoring points to calculate an observation error, the distance between the reference point and the measuring points is corrected by using the observation error, and the coordinates of the measuring points are calculated by using the corrected distance, so that the monitoring precision of millimeter level and even submillimeter level can be realized, the problem of monitoring the surface deformation of the water gate on a soft foundation is effectively solved, the automatic and synchronous monitoring of three-dimensional deformation is realized, the deformation monitoring precision meets the engineering monitoring requirement, and the special requirements on network safety and data safety can be met through reasonable configuration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering monitoring, in particular to an automatic monitoring system for surface deformation of a sluice on a soft foundation.
Background
The sluice is a type of water conservancy infrastructure which is beneficial to removing harm, and has very important function. The sluice is built on soft soil foundation more, and the foundation bearing capacity is low, produces too big settlement deformation easily. For large and medium-sized water gates on soft foundations, surface deformation measuring points are required to be arranged on the surfaces of the water gates for monitoring horizontal and vertical displacement. Horizontal displacement is typically monitored using sight lines, tension lines, laser collimation, and intersection methods, while vertical displacement is typically monitored using leveling measurements. These monitoring methods have the following problems:
(1) the horizontal and vertical displacement monitoring is asynchronous and the automation degree is not high.
(2) The sight line and the leveling measurement can only be observed manually, the workload is large, and the efficiency is not high.
(3) Although automatic observation can be realized by the alignment of the tension wire and the laser, the workload of daily maintenance is large.
(4) The collimation line, the tension line and the laser collimation need to establish a collimation line, and the problem that two ends or a middle working base point cannot be calibrated and cannot be implemented often exists. The working base point of the calibration alignment line is usually in a reverse plumb line mode, but the reverse plumb line is difficult to set in a drilling hole; the plumb line reversing device needs to be protected by building an observation room, and the working base point often has no condition for building the observation room; or the bedrock is buried too deeply and is not suitable for setting the inverted vertical line, so that the inverted vertical line calibration and measurement mode cannot be suitable. Although a mode of additionally arranging a checking base point on an extension line at two ends of a collimation line can be considered for checking the sight line working base point, the checking base point is often limited by topographic and geological conditions or peripheral field conditions, and no proper position is arranged.
(5) The water gate on the soft foundation generally needs to be respectively provided with measuring points at the top of the gate pier at the upper and lower positions, the situation that the drop difference between the top of the gate pier and the top of the gate pier is large and the top of the gate pier is submerged by water often exists, personnel are difficult to reach the measuring points or the personnel safety problem exists when the personnel reach the measuring points, so that the sighting line and the leveling mode are difficult to effectively implement.
(6) When the intersection condition is good, the horizontal displacement of the water gate can be monitored by adopting an intersection method, and the problem of calibration and measurement of the working base point still needs to be solved because the working base point is generally close to the measuring point and is often in the influence range of the engineering area. Generally, a deformation monitoring network is established for calibration, and a reverse plumb line mode can be adopted for calibration under certain conditions; if the measuring points are arranged at the upstream and the downstream and the gate top opening and closing facilities block the communication of the monitoring network, the calibration cost of the working base point of the intersection method is multiplied or no condition calibration is carried out. The observation of the measuring points by the intersection method requires personnel to reach the measuring points, and when the personnel cannot reach the measuring points or the personnel safety problem exists in the process of reaching the measuring points, the monitoring mode by the intersection method is difficult to effectively implement.
(7) The tension wire and the laser alignment system are both required to be additionally provided with protective pipes on the alignment wires, for the water gates with the gate piers obviously extending out of the upper and lower sides, landscape is easily influenced by the protective pipes transversely erected among the gate piers, and the monitoring mode is usually eliminated by operation management units with high requirements on landscape.
In conclusion, the conventional monitoring mode for monitoring the deformation of the surface of the water gate on the soft foundation has limitations, automatic three-dimensional synchronous monitoring of deformation measuring points cannot be realized, and operation management is inconvenient; for a sluice on a soft foundation where deformation monitoring cannot be effectively implemented, the deformation state is unknown, and the operation thereof becomes blind and dangerous. There is a need for an automatic monitoring system for the surface deformation of a water gate, which is flexible in arrangement and suitable for a soft foundation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic monitoring system for the surface deformation of a water gate on a soft foundation, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an automatic monitoring system for surface deformation of a water gate on a soft foundation comprises a plurality of monitoring points, at least one datum point, a monitoring center, a communication facility and a power supply facility;
the monitoring points are arranged at the deformation control part of each gate section according to the gate section, an observation pier which synchronously moves with the water gate is built at each monitoring point, and a GNSS antenna and a receiver are fixedly installed on the observation pier;
the datum point is arranged on a relatively stable rock-soil body which is within 3km from the monitoring point and is slightly influenced by the water gate and the water pressure of the upstream river and the downstream river, the datum point is free of shielding, the height angle of the obstacle in the field of view is not more than 15 degrees, the distance far away from the high-power radio emission source is not less than 200m, and the distance far away from the high-voltage transmission line is not less than 50 m; an observation pier is built at the datum point, and a GNSS antenna and a receiver are fixedly installed on the observation pier;
the monitoring center is internally provided with a switch, a server and a monitoring computer, is provided with surface deformation GNSS automatic monitoring system software and database software, has data acquisition, processing, analysis and management functions, and has the high-precision resolving capability of carrier phase static relative positioning;
the power supply facility adopts a mains supply or solar power supply mode for the monitoring points and the reference points;
the observation data of the reference points and the monitoring points are transmitted to a monitoring computer of a monitoring center through a communication facility, and are analyzed through monitoring system software to automatically monitor the surface deformation of the sluice.
The communication facility adopts optical fiber communication, wireless bridge, GPRS, 3G, 4G or data transmission radio station communication mode.
The power supply facilities of the reference point and the monitoring point adopt solar energy for power supply, and the capacity of the configured storage battery ensures that the electric equipment continuously works for more than 7 days; the monitoring center is powered by commercial power, and the uninterrupted power supply is configured to maintain the normal work of the computer equipment for more than 1 hour.
And lightning rods are arranged at outdoor points of the power supply facilities.
The GNSS antenna is an anti-multipath antenna with the phase center stability of less than 1mm, is fixedly arranged at the top of the observation pier through the centering device, ensures that the GNSS antenna is accurately placed on the magnetic north pole in a flat, centered and directional mode, and is additionally provided with a glass fiber reinforced plastic protective cover; the GNSS receiver is a high-precision double-frequency geodetic surveying type GNSS receiver.
Each gate section is provided with 3-4 monitoring points.
The installation height of the GNSS antenna on the monitoring point is determined through site survey and experiments, and the height of the observation pier is determined according to the installation height of the GNSS antenna.
The specific position of the datum point and the installation height of the GNSS antenna are determined through site surveying and tests, and the height of the observation pier is determined according to the installation height of the GNSS antenna; the reference point base on the soil body is embedded into the compact undisturbed soil base to a depth of not less than 50cm and extends into the position below the freezing line.
The monitoring system software calculates the actual distance from the measuring point to the satellite through the monitoring system software, compares the actual distance with the measured distance from the reference point to the monitoring point to calculate the observation error, corrects the distance between the reference point and the measuring point by using the observation error, calculates the coordinate of the measuring point by using the corrected distance, and realizes the monitoring precision of millimeter level or even submillimeter level.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) for monitoring the surface deformation of the water gate on the soft foundation, the reference point can be arranged on a stable rock-soil body far away from the water gate, an observation room does not need to be added, and the difficulty in calibration and measurement of a working base point in a conventional monitoring mode is avoided;
(2) the measuring points do not need manual monitoring, a protective tube does not need to be erected transversely, the daily operation maintenance is simple, the management is convenient, the manual work of measuring point observation and daily operation maintenance in a conventional monitoring mode is avoided, the landscape is not influenced, and the effective implementation of deformation monitoring is ensured;
(3) after the system is built, automatic three-dimensional synchronous monitoring of surface deformation can be realized, the limitation of separate monitoring of horizontal displacement and vertical displacement in a conventional monitoring mode is overcome, the monitoring efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity of observation personnel is reduced;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an automatic monitoring system for the deformation of the surface of a sluice on a soft foundation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the monitoring point of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a fiducial mark of the present invention;
wherein: 1-a number of monitoring points; 2 — at least one reference point; 3-monitoring center; 4-a communication facility; 5-power supply facility; 6-observation pier; 7-water gate deformation control part; 8-anchor bar; 9-wrapping second-stage reinforced concrete; 10-GNSS antenna or all-in-one machine; 11-special antenna protection cover; 12-rock and earth mass relatively stable; 13-equipment protection box (mainly internally provided with receiver, power supply equipment and communication equipment); 14, embedding a threading pipe (embedding according to requirements); 15-available original datum point observation pier; 16-welding the main reinforcement of the original observation pier with the steel pipe; 17(4) -a switch; 18-a server; 19-monitoring computer; 20(5) -an uninterruptible power supply; 21(5) -solar panels (on demand).
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the automatic monitoring system for surface deformation of a floodgate on a soft foundation of the present invention comprises: a plurality of monitoring points 1, at least one reference point 2, a monitoring center 3, a communication facility 4 and a power supply facility 5. The method comprises the following steps that a plurality of monitoring points 1 are arranged at four corners of each gate section according to the gate section, each gate section is provided with 3-4 monitoring points 1, an observation pier 6 synchronously displaced with each monitoring point is built at each monitoring point, and a GNSS antenna or an all-in-one machine 10 is fixedly installed on the observation pier 6; the installation height of the GNSS antenna 10 is determined by site surveying and experimentation to determine the height of the observation pier 6. The datum point 2 is arranged on a relatively stable rock-soil body 12 which is within 3km from a monitoring point and is slightly influenced by a sluice and river water pressure at the upstream and downstream, no shielding is caused to the air, the height angle of a visual field obstacle is not more than 15 degrees, the distance far away from a high-power radio emission source is not less than 200m, the distance far away from a high-voltage power transmission line is not less than 50m, an observation pier 6 is built on the datum point, and a GNSS antenna or an all-in-one machine 10 is fixedly installed on the observation pier 6; determining the specific position of the datum point 2 and the installation height of the GNSS antenna 10 through site survey and experiments to determine the height of the observation pier 6; the base of the reference point 2 on the soil body is buried into the soil base of the compact undisturbed state to a depth of not less than 50cm and extends into the position below the freezing line. The monitoring center 3 is internally provided with a switch 17, a server 18 and a monitoring computer 19, is provided with surface deformation GNSS automatic monitoring system software and database software, has the functions of data acquisition, processing, analysis, management and the like, and has the capability of high-precision resolving of carrier phase static relative positioning. The communication facility 4 preferentially adopts an optical fiber communication mode, and adopts a wireless network bridge communication mode when the optical cable laying condition is not met; when the requirements on network safety and data safety are not high, modes such as GPRS, 3G, 4G, data transmission radio stations and the like can be adopted. The power supply facility 5 preferentially adopts commercial power supply for the monitoring point 1 and the reference point 2, adopts a solar power supply mode when no reliable commercial power exists or no cable laying condition exists, and has the capacity of a configured storage battery capable of ensuring that the electric equipment continuously works for more than 7 days; the monitoring center 3 is powered by commercial power, and the uninterrupted power supply can be configured to maintain the normal work of the computer equipment for more than 1 hour. The GNSS antenna 10 is an anti-multipath antenna with the phase center stability less than 1mm, is fixedly arranged at the top of the observation pier 6 through a centering device, ensures that the GNSS antenna 10 is accurately leveled, centered and directionally points to a magnetic north pole, and is additionally provided with a special antenna protection cover 11 with strong wave permeability and good weather resistance; the GNSS receiver should be a high-precision multi-frequency geodetic GNSS receiver. After the system is installed and debugged, the automatic three-dimensional synchronous monitoring is carried out on the surface deformation of the water gate on the soft foundation, and the deformation monitoring precision meets the safety monitoring requirement of the water gate on the soft foundation.
The following is described in detail with specific reference to examples:
and a certain II equal flood diversion gates are built on the basis of soil bodies, and the foundation is treated by vibroflotation gravel piles. The gate is provided with 9 holes, three holes and 1 split pier, and is divided into 3 gate sections. Original measuring points are arranged, from left to right, the 1 st hole right gate pier, the 9 th hole left gate pier and the gate piers at two sides of the transverse seam of the two seam piers are selected, 1 measuring point is respectively arranged at the top and the downstream end of the pier, 6 measuring points are respectively arranged at the upper and the lower streams of the water gate, and the measuring points are all positioned on a collimation line parallel to a gate axis; the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the measuring point are monitored separately, the horizontal displacement adopts a sight line, the vertical displacement adopts a precise leveling method, and both the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement need manual observation. 1 observation piers are respectively arranged on the upstream and downstream banks of the field sluice, but are not on the collimation line of the measuring point, and the observation piers on the upstream and downstream sides cannot be seen through, and a monitoring control network cannot be formed; the upper and lower sides of the gate top are provided with stone rails, the top of the upstream gate pier is 4.5m lower than the road surface of the gate top and about 5.5m lower than the top of the stone rails, the upper and lower sides of the gate pier can reach the position of a measuring point by means of a rope ladder and auxiliary safety measures, and the gate top has a falling risk; the top of the downstream gate pier is 1.4m lower than the road surface of the gate top and about 2.5m lower than the top of the stone railing, so that personnel can climb to the position of the measuring point and have falling danger. From the field condition, the measurement points at the upper and lower reaches of the sluice are inconvenient for people to observe, the observation piers at the two banks are unreasonable in arrangement, the sight line cannot be formed, the network can not be established, the calibration condition is not provided, and the sight line and the intersection method are not established, so that the sluice is built automatically, and the surface deformation observation cannot be normally carried out in the operation period. In order to recover the normal observation of the horizontal and vertical displacement of the sluice and realize automatic management, a surface deformation monitoring system needs to be modified so as to meet the requirement of operation management.
The conventional monitoring mode can realize synchronous and automatic monitoring of horizontal and vertical displacement and comprises a total station automatic monitoring system and a laser collimation system. By combining field conditions, if a total station automatic monitoring system is adopted, two downstream observation piers are positioned at the roadside of a social road, the conditions for building observation rooms are not met, and the observation piers have calibration and measurement problems, so that the technical feasibility is poor, 4 total stations are required to be arranged in the system implementation, the economic investment is large, and the requirements of a manager cannot be met on the whole; if a laser collimation system is adopted, the conditions for setting a quasi-straight line working base point and calibrating and measuring are not provided on site, the two bank sides of the main engineering need to be greatly changed, the landscape effect is influenced by the protection pipe, and the requirements of a manager cannot be met.
With the development of the technology and the gradual establishment of the Beidou system BDS in China, compared with the prior art, the number of space available satellite constellations is increased, the GNSS monitoring ecology is continuously improved (the GNSS system is not limited to the United states any more), the GNSS receiver and the antenna become flexible, the function and the compatibility are stronger, more high-precision resolving software can be selected, the overall cost is lower, the millimeter-level or even submillimeter-level monitoring precision can be realized more easily, the precision requirement of sluice deformation monitoring on a soft base can be met, and favorable conditions are created for implementing surface deformation GNSS monitoring. By combining the grasped field situation, through analysis, research and measurement and full communication with a management party, the automatic monitoring system for the surface deformation of the flood diversion gate established by adopting the GNSS mode is considered to be economical and feasible. The specific implementation conditions are as follows:
the monitoring point is all at concrete gate mound top, adopts the type of the planting bar welding observation mound steel pipe that punches to ensure to observe mound and monitoring point position synchronous displacement, and prevent the corrosion of welding part at observation pier bottom concreting. According to the field survey and test results, the upper measuring point is slightly poor in empty condition, a better monitoring effect can be obtained by heightening the steel pipe of the observation pier to be close to the height of the top of the gate, the lower measuring point is good in empty condition, and the observation pier with the conventional height is adopted. The receiver antenna is fixedly arranged at the top of the observation pier through a forced centering device and a special connecting rod, so that the GNSS antenna is ensured to be accurately placed on the magnetic north pole in a leveling, centering and directional mode. And after the GNSS equipment is installed, a specially-made GNSS antenna glass fiber reinforced plastic protective cover is installed at the top of the observation pier.
According to the results of site reconnaissance and test, the original working base point arranged on the right bank at the upstream has good air condition, no strong electromagnetic interference source is arranged around the working base point, the influence of the flood diversion gate and the upstream river water pressure is basically avoided, the working base point is built for many years, the working base point is not disturbed, and the foundation and the pier body are both in a stable state and are suitable for serving as GNSS reference points. Specifically, carefully peeling off concrete on the top of the observation pier, exposing structural steel bars, firmly welding a slightly short steel pipe and the steel bars, pouring peripheral concrete at the joint of the pier top, and installing GNSS equipment on the top of the steel pipe of the observation pier after the concrete reaches a certain strength, wherein the monitoring points are the same as the monitoring points.
The monitoring center is arranged in an office on the right bank of the sluice, the monitoring center is provided with a server, a monitoring computer and an uninterruptible power supply, is provided with GNSS automatic monitoring system software and database software, has the functions of data acquisition, processing, analysis, management, display and the like, and has the capability of high-precision resolving of static relative positioning of carrier phases.
The operation and management unit has higher requirements on network safety and data safety, reduces network and data safety risks in order to avoid exposing a fixed IP and a port to a public network, and finally adopts a communication mode of a wireless network bridge in combination with field conditions. The method specifically comprises the steps that measured point data are transmitted to a No. 1 wireless network bridge of a monitoring center in a point-to-multipoint mode, datum point data are transmitted to a No. 2 wireless network bridge of the monitoring center in a point-to-point mode, and the No. 1 network bridge and the No. 2 network bridge transmit the data to a server of the monitoring center through a switch.
According to the field conditions, the reference points and the monitoring points both have the condition of supplying power by mains supply, so that the mains supply is preferentially adopted, and a storage battery is configured to ensure that the equipment continuously works for more than 7 days under the condition that the mains supply is powered off; in addition, lightning protection measures are taken, the power supply cables are shielded and protected by galvanized steel pipes, and surge protectors and grounding are arranged. The monitoring center equipment is powered by commercial power, and the configured uninterruptible power supply can maintain the normal work of the computer equipment for more than 1 hour.
In the embodiment, the multipath-resistant antenna with the phase center stability smaller than 1mm and the high-precision double-frequency geodetic GNSS receiver are adopted, and the system software has the high-precision resolving capability of the static relative positioning of the carrier phase. After the system is installed and debugged, all functions meet expectations, an adjustable forced centering cradle head with the precision smaller than 1mm is adopted, displacement amounts of 100mm, 100mm and 135mm in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction are artificially given, the displacement amounts calculated and measured in 4-hour continuous observation are respectively 102.4mm, 101.8mm and 136.8mm, the monitoring precision meets the design requirements, and the monitoring precision is still improved when the observation period is prolonged.
When the automatic monitoring system is observed, firstly, the coordinates of the reference point, the coordinates of the measuring points and the distance between the reference point and the measuring points are transmitted to a monitoring center monitoring computer through a communication facility, the actual distance between the measuring points and a satellite is obtained through monitoring system software, the actual distance is compared with the measured distance of the measuring points, the observation error is obtained, the distance between the reference point and the measuring points is corrected by the observation error, the coordinates of the measuring points are obtained by the corrected distance, and the millimeter-level or even submillimeter-level monitoring precision can be realized.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to carry out the same, and the present invention shall not be limited to the embodiments, i.e. the equivalent changes or modifications made within the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An automatic monitoring system for surface deformation of a water gate on a soft foundation is characterized by comprising a plurality of monitoring points, at least one datum point, a monitoring center, a communication facility and a power supply facility;
the monitoring points are arranged at the deformation control part of each gate section according to the gate section, an observation pier which synchronously moves with the water gate is built at each monitoring point, and a GNSS antenna and a receiver are fixedly installed on the observation pier;
the datum point is arranged on a relatively stable rock-soil body which is within 3km from the monitoring point and is slightly influenced by the water gate and the water pressure of the upstream river and the downstream river, the datum point is free of shielding, the height angle of the obstacle in the field of view is not more than 15 degrees, the distance far away from the high-power radio emission source is not less than 200m, and the distance far away from the high-voltage transmission line is not less than 50 m; an observation pier is built at the datum point, and a GNSS antenna and a receiver are fixedly installed on the observation pier;
the monitoring center is internally provided with a switch, a server and a monitoring computer, is provided with surface deformation GNSS automatic monitoring system software and database software, has data acquisition, processing, analysis and management functions, and has the high-precision resolving capability of carrier phase static relative positioning;
the power supply facility adopts a mains supply or solar power supply mode for the monitoring points and the reference points;
the observation data of the reference points and the monitoring points are transmitted to a monitoring computer of a monitoring center through a communication facility, and calculation and analysis are carried out through monitoring system software to automatically monitor the surface deformation of the sluice.
2. The system for automatically monitoring the deformation of the surface of the water gate on the soft foundation according to claim 1, wherein the communication facilities adopt a mode of optical fiber communication, wireless bridge, GPRS, 3G, 4G or data transmission radio communication.
3. The automatic monitoring system for the surface deformation of the water gate on the soft foundation according to claim 1, wherein power supply facilities of the reference point and the monitoring point adopt solar power supply, and the capacity of a configured storage battery ensures that electric equipment continuously works for more than 7 days; the monitoring center is powered by commercial power, and the uninterrupted power supply is configured to maintain the normal work of the computer equipment for more than 1 hour.
4. The system for automatically monitoring the deformation of the surface of the sluice on the soft foundation as claimed in claim 1, wherein a lightning rod is arranged at an outdoor point of the power supply facility.
5. The automatic monitoring system for the surface deformation of the water gate on the soft base according to claim 1, wherein the GNSS antenna is an anti-multipath antenna with the phase center stability of less than 1mm, is fixedly arranged at the top of an observation pier through a centering device, ensures that the GNSS antenna is accurately placed on the magnetic north pole in a flat, centered and directional mode, and is additionally provided with a glass fiber reinforced plastic protective cover; the GNSS receiver is a high-precision double-frequency geodetic surveying type GNSS receiver.
6. The automatic monitoring system for the surface deformation of the sluice on the soft foundation as claimed in claim 1, wherein 3-4 monitoring points are arranged on each sluice section.
7. The system for automatically monitoring the deformation of the surface of the water gate on the soft foundation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the installation height of the GNSS antenna on the monitoring point is determined by site survey and experiment, and the height of the observation pier is determined according to the installation height of the GNSS antenna.
8. The system for automatically monitoring the deformation of the surface of the water gate on the soft foundation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific position of the reference point and the installation height of the GNSS antenna are determined by site surveying and experiments, and the height of the observation pier is determined according to the installation height of the GNSS antenna; the reference point base on the soil body is embedded into the compact undisturbed soil base to a depth of not less than 50cm and extends into the position below the freezing line.
9. The automatic monitoring system for the surface deformation of the sluice on the soft foundation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring system software calculates the actual distance from the measuring point to the satellite through the monitoring system software, compares the actual distance with the measured distance from the reference point to the monitoring point to calculate the observation error, corrects the distance between the reference point and the measuring point by using the observation error, and calculates the coordinate of the measuring point by using the corrected distance, thereby realizing the monitoring precision of millimeter level or even submillimeter level.
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